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Zelencik S, VanDine A, Campos-Bovee M, Goitia K, Cela V, Walblay K, Galanto D, Pacilli M, Kim DY, Black SR. Health Care Personnel Exposure Risk Assessment and Management During a Mpox Outbreak in Chicago, Illinois, 17 May to 8 July 2022. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S207-S212. [PMID: 38019754 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This report summarizes risk assessment interviews and follow-up with health care personnel (HCP) after exposure to patients with mpox disease during 17 May to 8 July 2022. HCP-case interactions were assessed using a standard questionnaire to categorize the risk associated with patient encounters. We assessed 150 interactions among 142 HCP and 30 cases. Four (2.7%) interactions were defined as high risk, 5 (3.3%) intermediate, 107 (71.3%) low, and 31 (20.7%) no risk. High and intermediate exposures were offered postexposure prophylaxis; 4 accepted. No documented mpox transmission after exposure was identified. These findings suggest transmission risk in health care settings during routine patient care is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Zelencik
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alison VanDine
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Valbona Cela
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly Walblay
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Galanto
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Do Young Kim
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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de Araújo LP, de Melo Santos NC, Corsetti PP, de Almeida LA. Immunoinformatic Approach for Rational Identification of Immunogenic Peptides Against Host Entry and/or Exit Mpox Proteins and Potential Multiepitope Vaccine Construction. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S285-S292. [PMID: 37804521 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has intensified humanity's concern about the emergence of new pandemics. Since 2018, epidemic outbreaks of the mpox virus have become worrisome. In June 2022, the World Health Organization declared the disease a global health emergency, with 14 500 cases reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 60 countries. Therefore, the development of a vaccine based on the current virus genome is paramount in combating new cases. In view of this, we hypothesized the obtainment of rational immunogenic peptides predicted from proteins responsible for entry of the mpox virus into the host (A17L, A26L/A30L, A33R, H2R, L1R), exit (A27L, A35R, A36R, C19L), and both (B5R). To achieve this, we aligned the genome sequencing data of mpox virus isolated from an infected individual in the United States in June 2022 (ON674051.1) with the reference genome dated 2001 (NC_003310.1) for conservation analysis. The Immune Epitope Database server was used for the identification and characterization of the epitopes of each protein related to major histocompatibility complex I or II interaction and recognition by B-cell receptors, resulting in 138 epitopes for A17L, 233 for A28L, 48 for A33R, 77 for H2R, 77 for L1R, 270 for A27L, 72 for A35R, A36R, 148 for C19L, and 276 for B5R. These epitopes were tested in silico for antigenicity, physicochemical properties, and allergenicity, resulting in 51, 40, 10, 34, 38, 57, 25, 7, 47, and 53 epitopes, respectively. Additionally, to select an epitope with the highest promiscuity of binding to major histocompatibility complexes and B-cell receptor simultaneously, all epitopes of each protein were aligned, and the most repetitive and antigenic regions were identified. By classifying the results, we obtained 23 epitopes from the entry proteins, 16 from the exit proteins, and 7 from both. Subsequently, 1 epitope from each protein was selected, and all 3 were fused to construct a chimeric protein that has potential as a multiepitope vaccine. The constructed vaccine was then analyzed for its physicochemical, antigenic, and allergenic properties. Protein modeling, molecular dynamics, and molecular docking were performed on Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 8, followed by in silico immune simulation of the vaccine. Finally, the results indicate an effective, stable, and safe vaccine that can be further tested, especially in vitro and in vivo, to validate the findings demonstrated in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Paiva Corsetti
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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Wahl V, Olson VA, Kondas AV, Jahrling PB, Damon IK, Kindrachuk J. Variola Virus and Clade I Mpox Virus Differentially Modulate Cellular Responses Longitudinally in Monocytes During Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S265-S274. [PMID: 37995376 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Variola virus (VARV), the etiological agent of smallpox, had enormous impacts on global health prior to its eradication. In the absence of global vaccination programs, mpox virus (MPXV) has become a growing public health threat that includes endemic and nonendemic regions across the globe. While human mpox resembles smallpox in clinical presentation, there are considerable knowledge gaps regarding conserved molecular pathogenesis between these 2 orthopoxviruses. Thus, we sought to compare MPXV and VARV infections in human monocytes through kinome analysis. We performed a longitudinal analysis of host cellular responses to VARV infection in human monocytes as well as a comparative analysis to clade I MPXV-mediated responses. While both viruses elicited strong activation of cell responses early during infection as compared to later time points, several key differences in cell signaling events were identified and validated. These observations will help in the design and development of panorthopoxvirus therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wahl
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria A Olson
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley V Kondas
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Inger K Damon
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Fattouh R, Boissinot K, Jeong E, Mendlowitz AB, Sjaarda CP, Wong H, Kozak R, Sheth PM, Matukas LM. Evaluation of 5 Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of Mpox Virus. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:S156-S162. [PMID: 38531075 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2022, the global dissemination of mpox virus (MPXV) outside endemic regions prompted the expansion of diagnostic testing worldwide. This study assesses the performance characteristics of 5 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in detecting MPXV during the 2022 outbreak. METHODS Clinical specimens collected from patients across Ontario, Canada, were tested on the following assays: RealStar Orthopoxyvirus PCR and FlexStar Monkeypox virus PCR (Altona Diagnostics), Novaplex MPXV (Seegene), VIASURE Monkeypox virus Real Time PCR Reagents (CerTest Biotec), and a laboratory-developed test. Positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percent agreement (NPA), relative limit of detection (LOD), and precision were evaluated and MPXV lineages were determined using an amplicon-based whole-genome sequencing (WGS) assay. RESULTS Swabs were collected from various anatomic sites (65 positive and 30 negative). All assays demonstrated 100% NPA (95% confidence interval, 88.4%/88.1%-100.0%), with PPA ranging from 92.2% (82.7%-97.4%) to 96.9% (89.3%-99.6%). LOD and precision were comparable across assays, with coefficient of variations <3%. WGS analysis identified 6 lineages, all belonging to subclade IIb. CONCLUSIONS The assays exhibited excellent PPA, NPA, LOD, and precision. Ongoing performance monitoring is essential to detect assay escape mutants and ensure universal detection of evolving MPXV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Fattouh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karel Boissinot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esther Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew B Mendlowitz
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease/Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Calvin P Sjaarda
- Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Henry Wong
- Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Prameet M Sheth
- Division of Microbiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Larissa M Matukas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Jiang W, Hu Y, Yang X, Hou L, Zhang J, Niu H, Hu C, Lin J. Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2522. [PMID: 38348583 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Recently, patients with Mpox breakthrough infection or reinfection were constantly reported. However, the induction, risk factors, and important clinical symptoms of breakthrough infection and reinfection of Mpox virus (MPXV), as well as the factors affecting the effectiveness of Mpox vaccine are not characterized. Herein, a literature review was preformed to summarize the risk factors and important clinical symptoms of patients with Mpox breakthrough infection or reinfection, as well as the factors affecting the effectiveness of smallpox vaccine against Mpox. Results showed that MSM sexual behavior, condomless sexual behavior, multiple sexual partners, close contact, HIV infection, and the presence of comorbidity are important risk factors for Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection. Genital ulcers, proctitis, and lymphadenopathy are the important clinical symptoms of Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection. The effectiveness of emergent vaccination of smallpox vaccine for post-exposure of MPXV is associated with smallpox vaccination history, interval between exposure and vaccination, and history of HIV infection. This review provides a better understanding for the risk factors and important clinical symptoms of Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection, as well as the formulation of Mpox vaccine vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Jiang
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of LuZhou, School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of LuZhou, School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingli Hou
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of LuZhou, School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of LuZhou, School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Congxia Hu
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of LuZhou, School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jihui Lin
- Wound Healing Basic Research and Clinical Application Key Laboratory of LuZhou, School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Li M, Jia M, Yang L, Wang T, Wang Y, Kang L, Li M, Kong L. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis of mpox virus F3L-expressing cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1354410. [PMID: 38415010 PMCID: PMC10896956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1354410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monkeypox or mpox virus (mpox) is a double-stranded DNA virus that poses a significant threat to global public health security. The F3 protein, encoded by mpox, is an apoenzyme believed to possess a double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). However, limited research has been conducted on its function. In this study, we present data on the transcriptomics and proteomics of F3L-transfected HEK293T cells, aiming to enhance our comprehension of F3L. Methods The gene expression profiles of pCAGGS-HA-F3L transfected HEK293T cells were analyzed using RNA-seq. Proteomics was used to identify and study proteins that interact with F3L. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA levels of several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HEK293T cells (or Vero cells) after the expression of F3 protein. Results A total of 14,822 genes were obtained in cells by RNA-Seq and 1,672 DEGs were identified, including 1,156 up-regulated genes and 516 down-regulated genes. A total of 27 cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 19 cellular proteins with large differences in abundance ratios were considered to be candidate cellular proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, including type I interferon signaling pathway, response to virus, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Moreover, some selected DEGs were further confirmed by real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. Proteomics data show that cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins are mainly related to RNA splicing and protein translation. Conclusions Our analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that (1) F3L up-regulates the transcript levels of key genes in the innate immune signaling pathway, such as RIGI, MDA5, IRF5, IRF7, IRF9, ISG15, IFNA14, and elicits a broad spectrum of antiviral immune responses in the host. F3L also increases the expression of the FOS and JNK genes while decreasing the expression of TNFR2, these factors may ultimately induce apoptosis. (2) F3 protein interacts with host proteins involved in RNA splicing and protein translation, such as SNRNP70, POLR2H, HNRNPA1, DDX17, etc. The findings of this study shed light on the function of the F3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengle Jia
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingdi Yang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lumei Kang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Schuele L, Boter M, Nieuwenhuijse DF, Götz H, Fanoy E, de Vries H, Vieyra B, Bavalia R, Hoornenborg E, Molenkamp R, Jonges M, van den Ouden A, Simões M, van den Lubben M, Koopmans M, Welkers MRA, Oude Munnink BB. Circulation, viral diversity and genomic rearrangement in mpox virus in the Netherlands during the 2022 outbreak and beyond. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29397. [PMID: 38235923 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease which has now spread to over 113 countries as of August 2023, with over 89,500 confirmed human cases. The Netherlands had one of the highest incidence rates in Europe during the peak of the outbreak. In this study, we generated 158 near-complete mpox virus (MPXV) genomes (12.4% of nationwide cases) that were collected throughout the Netherlands from the start of the outbreak in May 2022 to August 2023 to track viral evolution and investigate outbreak dynamics. We detected 14 different viral lineages, suggesting multiple introductions followed by rapid initial spread within the country. The estimated evolutionary rate was relatively high compared to previously described in orthopoxvirus literature, with an estimated 11.58 mutations per year. Genomic rearrangement events occurred at a rate of 0.63% and featured a large deletion event. In addition, based on phylogenetics, we identified multiple potential transmission clusters which could be supported by direct source- and contact tracing data. This led to the identification of at least two main transmission locations at the beginning of the outbreak. We conclude that whole genome sequencing of MPXV is essential to enhance our understanding of outbreak dynamics and evolution of a relatively understudied and emerging zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Schuele
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Boter
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David F Nieuwenhuijse
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannelore Götz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, (Infectious Disease Control and Center Sexual Health) Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Fanoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry de Vries
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Vieyra
- Department of Public Health, (Infectious Disease Control and Center Sexual Health) Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roisin Bavalia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elske Hoornenborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jonges
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Margarida Simões
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- European Program for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariken van den Lubben
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R A Welkers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Li F, Shen X, Zhang H, Jin H, Zhang L, Lv B, Li W, Liang Z, Zhang X, Zhang D, Hou X, Pan Y, Kan B, Wang Q. Stability of mpox virus on different commonly contacted surfaces. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29296. [PMID: 38054540 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Mpox is still spreading globally and is mostly reported to be transmitted by skin and mucosal contact. However, transmission through contact with fomites, contaminated objects, or surfaces has been reported in general population. Evaluation of the stability of mpox virus (MPXV) on different surfaces is important to minimize mpox transmission. In the study, the stability of MPXV on different kinds of commonly contacted surfaces was determined. MPXV was observed to have a surface-dependent stability pattern. Viable virus was detected on both glass and stainless steel for up to 5 days, and on plastic surfaces for up to 3 days. In contrast, no viable MPXV was detected on wooden board and cardboard, which are porous and water-absorbent surfaces, after 1 and 2 days of incubation, respectively. In addition, MPXV nucleic acids were more stable and showed better correlation with viral titers on stainless steel, plastic, and glass. The results indicate that fomite transmission of MPXV is plausible. Moreover, the stability of MPXV was highly surface-dependent and more stable on smooth surfaces, which could provide more information for minimizing the transmission of mpox and emphasize the significance of environmental disinfection in mpox prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyuan Jin
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Lv
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Liang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Blacksell SD, Dhawan S, Kusumoto M, Khanh Le K, Summermatter K, O'Keefe J, Kozlovac J, Al Muhairi SS, Sendow I, Scheel CM, Ahumibe A, Masuku ZM, Bennett AM, Kojima K, Harper DR, Hamilton K. The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-Mpox/Monkeypox Virus. Appl Biosaf 2023; 28:152-161. [PMID: 37736424 PMCID: PMC10510687 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The virus formerly known as monkeypox virus, now called mpoxv, belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and can cause mpox disease through both animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission. The unexpected spread of mpoxv among humans has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Methods We conducted a literature search to identify the gaps in biosafety, focusing on five main areas: how the infection enters the body and spreads, how much of the virus is needed to cause infection, infections acquired in the lab, accidental release of the virus, and strategies for disinfecting and decontaminating the area. Discussion The recent PHEIC has shown that there are gaps in our knowledge of biosafety when it comes to mpoxv. We need to better understand where this virus might be found, how much of it can spread from person-to-person, what are the effective control measures, and how to safely clean up contaminated areas. By gathering more biosafety evidence, we can make better decisions to protect people from this zoonotic agent, which has recently become more common in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandhya Dhawan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marina Kusumoto
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kim Khanh Le
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Joseph O'Keefe
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Kozlovac
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Indrawati Sendow
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Christina M. Scheel
- WHO Collaborating Center for Biosafety and Biosecurity, Office of the Associate Director for Laboratory Science, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony Ahumibe
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Zibusiso M. Masuku
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Kazunobu Kojima
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R. Harper
- The Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hamilton
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
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10
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Rcheulishvili N, Mao J, Papukashvili D, Feng S, Liu C, Wang X, He Y, Wang PG. Design, evaluation, and immune simulation of potentially universal multi-epitope mpox vaccine candidate: focus on DNA vaccine. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1203355. [PMID: 37547674 PMCID: PMC10403236 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the mpox virus. Mpox symptoms are similar to smallpox with less severity and lower mortality. As yet mpox virus is not characterized by as high transmissibility as some severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, still, it is spreading, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Thus, taking preventive measures, such as vaccination, is highly recommended. While the smallpox vaccine has demonstrated considerable efficacy against the mpox virus due to the antigenic similarities, the development of a universal anti-mpox vaccine remains a necessary pursuit. Recently, nucleic acid vaccines have garnered special attention owing to their numerous advantages compared to traditional vaccines. Importantly, DNA vaccines have certain advantages over mRNA vaccines. In this study, a potentially universal DNA vaccine candidate against mpox based on conserved epitopes was designed and its efficacy was evaluated via an immunoinformatics approach. The vaccine candidate demonstrated potent humoral and cellular immune responses in silico, indicating the potential efficacy in vivo and the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunjiao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Tang D, Liu X, Lu J, Fan H, Xu X, Sun K, Wang R, Li C, Dan D, Du H, Wang Z, Li X, Yang X. Recombinant proteins A29L, M1R, A35R, and B6R vaccination protects mice from mpox virus challenge. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203410. [PMID: 37435062 PMCID: PMC10331816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since May 2022, mutant strains of mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV) have been rapidly spreading among individuals who have not traveled to endemic areas in multiple locations, including Europe and the United States. Both intracellular and extracellular forms of mpox virus have multiple outer membrane proteins that can stimulate immune response. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of MPXV structural proteins such as A29L, M1R, A35R, and B6R as a combination vaccine, and the protective effect against the 2022 mpox mutant strain was also evaluated in BALB/c mice. After mixed 15 μg QS-21 adjuvant, all four virus structural proteins were administered subcutaneously to mice. Antibody titers in mouse sera rose sharply after the initial boost, along with an increased capacity of immune cells to produce IFN-γ alongside an elevated level of cellular immunity mediated by Th1 cells. The vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibited the replication of MPXV in mice and reduced the pathological damage of organs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a multiple recombinant vaccine for MPXV variant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zejun Wang
- *Correspondence: Zejun Wang, ; Xinguo Li, ; Xiaoming Yang,
| | - Xinguo Li
- *Correspondence: Zejun Wang, ; Xinguo Li, ; Xiaoming Yang,
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- *Correspondence: Zejun Wang, ; Xinguo Li, ; Xiaoming Yang,
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12
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Hubert M, Guivel-Benhassine F, Bruel T, Porrot F, Planas D, Vanhomwegen J, Wiedemann A, Burrel S, Marot S, Palich R, Monsel G, Diombera H, Gallien S, Lopez-Zaragoza JL, Vindrios W, Taieb F, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Delhaye M, Laude H, Arowas L, Ungeheuer MN, Hocqueloux L, Pourcher V, Prazuck T, Marcelin AG, Lelièvre JD, Batéjat C, Lévy Y, Manuguerra JC, Schwartz O. Complement-dependent mpox-virus-neutralizing antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:937-948.e4. [PMID: 37196656 PMCID: PMC10188274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mpox virus (MPXV) caused a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic areas in 2022. Following historic success of smallpox vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines, the third generation modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine was used as prophylaxis for MPXV, but its effectiveness remains poorly characterized. Here, we applied two assays to quantify neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera from control, MPXV-infected, or MVA-vaccinated individuals. Various levels of MVA NAbs were detected after infection, historic smallpox, or recent MVA vaccination. MPXV was minimally sensitive to neutralization. However, addition of complement enhanced detection of responsive individuals and NAb levels. Anti-MVA and -MPXV NAbs were observed in 94% and 82% of infected individuals, respectively, and 92% and 56% of MVA vaccinees, respectively. NAb titers were higher in individuals born before 1980, highlighting the impact of historic smallpox vaccination on humoral immunity. Altogether, our results indicate that MPXV neutralization is complement dependent and uncover mechanisms underlying vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Hubert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| | | | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Sonia Burrel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, Hôpital Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Virologie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Marot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Romain Palich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gentiane Monsel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Harouna Diombera
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Gallien
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Zaragoza
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - William Vindrios
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Fabien Taieb
- Medical Center of Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Laude
- ICAReB-Clin platform, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Pourcher
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Laboratoire de Virologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Batéjat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Claude Manuguerra
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (CIBU), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS UMR3569, 75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, 94000 Créteil, France.
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Colavita F, Matusali G, Mazzotta V, Bettini A, Lapa D, Meschi S, Francalancia M, Pinnetti C, Bordi L, Mizzoni K, Coen S, Girardi E, Vaia F, Nicastri E, Antinori A, Maggi F. Profiling the acute phase antibody response against mpox virus in patients infected during the 2022 outbreak. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28851. [PMID: 37287343 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Information on the immune response during the mpox virus (MPXV) infection is still scarce or limited to past studies when cross-reactive immunity from smallpox vaccination was predominant. Here, we describe the short-term kinetics of the antibody response in patients with acute MPXV infection during the 2022 multicountry outbreak. A total of 64 samples from 18 MPXV-positive patients were longitudinally collected from the day of symptom onset (DSO) up to 20 days after and tested for anti-MPXV immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies (nAb) using the whole-live virus isolated in May 2022. IgG, IgM, and IgA were detected as early as 4 DSO (median time of seroconversion 7.5 DSO for IgG, 8 DSO for IgM and IgA). Anti-MPXV nAb were detectable in samples collected as early as 1 week after symptoms, with stable levels up to 20 DSO. After 2 weeks, IgG and nAb reached high titers. No significant differences were observed regardless of status of smallpox vaccination, human immunodeficiency virus positivity, or disease severity. Significant lower levels of IgM and IgG were observed in the patients treated with antivirals. These results contribute to extending the knowledge of the MPXV infection and the antibody response in a population with no historic smallpox vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Bettini
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Francalancia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Pinnetti
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Klizia Mizzoni
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Coen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vaia
- General Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Gazecka M, Sniezek J, Maciolek K, Kowala-Piaskowska A, Zmora P. Mpox virus detection in the wastewater and the number of hospitalized patients in Poznan metropolitan area, Poland. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 133:75-77. [PMID: 37196758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wastewater-based epidemiology can determine the scale of a mpox epidemic and thus is a promising additional tool that can complete data gathered by the clinical monitoring approach and predict more accurately the development and progress of the current mpox outbreak. METHODS We collected daily average samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WTPs): Central and Left-Bank, in Poznan, Poland from July to December 2022. The mpox DNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared with the number of hospitalizations. RESULTS We detected the mpox DNA in the Central WTP in weeks 29, 43 and 47 and in the Left-Bank WTP mostly from mid-September till the end of October. A total of 22 mpox patients were reported by the public health authority from July to December 2022, with the highest number of hospitalized individuals from mid-July to mid-August. The mpox virus detection does not correlate with the number of hospitalizations in Poznan, Poland. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the scale of the mpox epidemic is underestimated, and many mpox virus infected individuals are not identified by the public health authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gazecka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Arleta Kowala-Piaskowska
- Department and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Zmora
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Yang X, Zeng X, Chen X, Huang J, Wei X, Ying X, Tan Q, Wang Y, Li S. Development of a CRISPR/Cas12a-recombinase polymerase amplification assay for visual and highly specific identification of the Congo Basin and West African strains of mpox virus. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28757. [PMID: 37212293 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Human mpox is a zoonotic disease, similar to smallpox, caused by the mpox virus, which is further subdivided into Congo Basin and West African clades with different pathogenicity. In this study, a novel diagnostic protocol utilizing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 12a nuclease (CRISPR/Cas12a)-mediated recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed to identify mpox in the Congo Basin and West Africa (CRISPR-RPA). Specific RPA primers targeting D14L and ATI were designed. CRISPR-RPA assay was performed using various target templates. In the designed CRISPR-RPA reaction system, the exponentially amplified RPA amplification products with a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site can locate the Cas12a/crRNA complex to its target regions, which successfully activates the CRISPR/Cas12a effector and achieves ultrafast trans-cleavage of a single-stranded DNA probe. The limit of detection for the CRISPR-RPA assay was 10 copies per reaction for D14L- and ATI-plasmids. No cross-reactivity was observed with non-mpox strains, confirming the high specificity of the CRISPR-RPA assay for distinguishing between the Congo Basin and West African mpox. The CRISPR-RPA assay can be completed within 45 min using real-time fluorescence readout. Moreover, the cleavage results were visualized under UV light or an imaging system, eliminating the need for a specialized apparatus. In summary, the developed CRISPR/RPA assay is a visual, rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection technique that can be used as an attractive potential identification tool for Congo Basin and West African mpox in resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggui Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xia Ying
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Tan
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
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Abstract
The spring-summer 2022 mpox outbreak had over 50,000 cases globally, most of them in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). In response to vaccine shortages, several countries implemented dose-sparing vaccination strategies, stretching a full-dose vaccine vial into up to five fractional-dose vaccines. Recent studies have found mixed results regarding the effectiveness of the mpox vaccine, raising the question of the utility of dose-sparing strategies. We used an age- and risk-stratified mathematical model of an urban MSM population in the United States with ∼12% high-risk MSM to evaluate potential benefits from implementing dose-sparing vaccination strategies in which a full dose is divided into 3.5 fractional doses. We found that results strongly depend on the fractional-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) and vaccine supply. With very limited vaccines available, enough to protect with a full dose approximately one-third of the high-risk population, dose-sparing strategies are more beneficial provided that fractional doses preserved at least 40% of full-dose effectiveness (34% absolute VE), projecting 13% (34% VE) to 70% (68% absolute VE) fewer infections than full-dose strategies. In contrast, if vaccine supply is enough to cover the majority of the high-risk population, dose-sparing strategies can be outperformed by full-dose strategies. Scenarios in which fractional dosing was 34% efficacious resulted in almost three times more infections than full dosing. Our analysis suggests that when mpox vaccine supply is limited and fractional-dose vaccination retains moderate effectiveness, there are meaningful health benefits from providing a smaller dose to a larger number of people in the high-risk population. These findings should inform the public-health response to future mpox outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobromir Dimitrov
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Blythe Adamson
- Infectious Economics, New York, NY 10025, USA
- Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laura Matrajt
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Saikumar G, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Lee SS, Dhama K. A European perspective of phylogenomics, sublineages, geographical distribution, epidemiology, and mutational landscape of mpox virus: Emergence pattern may help to fight the next public health emergency in Europe. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1004-1014. [PMID: 37172461 PMCID: PMC10147450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2022 outbreak of the mpox virus (previously monkeypox virus, MPXV) in non-epidemic regions has created a global issue. The emergence of MPXV was first reported in Europe, which was described as the MPXV epicenter, however, no reports are available to illustrate its outbreak patterns in Europe. METHODS The study used numerous in silico and statistical methods to analyze hMPXV1 in European countries. Here, we used different bioinformatics servers and software to evaluate the spread of hMPXV1 in European countries. For analysis, we use various advanced servers like Nextstrain, Taxonium, MpoxSpectrum, etc. Similarly, for the statistical model, we used PAST software. RESULTS The phylogenetic tree was depicted to illustrate the origin and evolution of hMPXV1 using vas number of genome sequences (n = 675). We found several sublineages in Europe, indicating microevolution. The scatter plot reveals the clustering patterns of the newly developed lineages in Europe. We developed statistical models for the monthly total relative frequency counts of these sublineages. The epidemiology of MPX in Europe was examined in an attempt to capture the epidemiological pattern, total cases, and deaths. Our Study noted the highest number of cases was in Spain (7500 cases) and the second-highest in France (4114 cases). The third highest number of cases was in the UK (3730 cases), which was very similar to Germany (3677 cases). Finally, we noted the mutational landscape throughout European genomes. Significant mutations were observed at the nucleotide and protein levels. We identified several unique homoplastic mutations in Europe. CONCLUSION This study reveals several essential aspects of the European outbreak. It might help to eradicate the virus in Europe, assist in strategy formation to fight against the virus, and support working against the next public health emergency in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Sahu A, Gaur M, Mahanandia NC, Subudhi E, Swain RP, Subudhi BB. Identification of core therapeutic targets for Monkeypox virus and repurposing potential of drugs against them: An in silico approach. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:106971. [PMID: 37211001 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (mpox virus) outbreak has rapidly spread to 82 non-endemic countries. Although it primarily causes skin lesions, secondary complications and high mortality (1-10%) in vulnerable populations have made it an emerging threat. Since there is no specific vaccine/antiviral, it is desirable to repurpose existing drugs against mpox virus. With little knowledge about the lifecycle of mpox virus, identifying potential inhibitors is a challenge. Nevertheless, the available genomes of mpox virus in public databases represent a goldmine of untapped possibilities to identify druggable targets for the structure-based identification of inhibitors. Leveraging this resource, we combined genomics and subtractive proteomics to identify highly druggable core proteins of mpox virus. This was followed by virtual screening to identify inhibitors with affinities for multiple targets. 125 publicly available genomes of mpox virus were mined to identify 69 highly conserved proteins. These proteins were then curated manually. These curated proteins were funnelled through a subtractive proteomics pipeline to identify 4 highly druggable, non-host homologous targets namely; A20R, I7L, Top1B and VETFS. High-throughput virtual screening of 5893 highly curated approved/investigational drugs led to the identification of common as well as unique potential inhibitors with high binding affinities. The common inhibitors, i.e., batefenterol, burixafor and eluxadoline were further validated by molecular dynamics simulation to identify their best potential binding modes. The affinity of these inhibitors suggests their repurposing potential. This work can encourage further experimental validation for possible therapeutic management of mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Sahu
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, India
| | - Mahendra Gaur
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, India; Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Nimai Charan Mahanandia
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, India
| | - Ranjit Prasad Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- Drug Development and Analysis Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751030, India.
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19
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Yu X, Shi H, Cheng G. Mpox Virus: Its Molecular Evolution and Potential Impact on Viral Epidemiology. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040995. [PMID: 37112975 PMCID: PMC10142743 DOI: 10.3390/v15040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mpox (previously known as monkeypox) is an infectious viral illness caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), an orthopoxvirus that belongs to the family Poxviridae. The symptoms of mpox in humans are similar to those of smallpox, although the mortality rate is lower. In recent years, the concern over a potential global pandemic has increased due to reports of mpox spreading across Africa and other parts of the world. Prior to this discovery, mpox was a rare zoonotic disease restricted to endemic regions of Western and Central Africa. The sudden emergence of MPXV cases in multiple regions has raised concerns about its natural evolution. This review aims to provide an overview of previously available information about MPXV, including its genome, morphology, hosts and reservoirs, and virus-host interaction and immunology, as well as to perform phylogenetic analysis on available MPXV genomes, with an emphasis on the evolution of the genome in humans as new cases emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huicheng Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
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20
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de Vries HJ, Götz HM, Bruisten S, van der Eijk AA, Prins M, Oude Munnink BB, Welkers MR, Jonges M, Molenkamp R, Westerhuis BM, Schuele L, Stam A, Boter M, Hoornenborg E, Mulders D, van den Lubben M, Koopmans M. Mpox outbreak among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands: no evidence for undetected transmission prior to May 2022, a retrospective study. Euro Surveill 2023; 28. [PMID: 37103788 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.17.2200869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since May 2022, over 21,000 mpox cases have been reported from 29 EU/EEA countries, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM). The Netherlands was the fourth most affected country in Europe, with more than 1,200 cases and a crude notification rate of 70.7 per million population. The first national case was reported on 10 May, yet potential prior transmission remains unknown. Insight into prolonged undetected transmission can help to understand the current outbreak dynamics and aid future public health interventions. We performed a retrospective study and phylogenetic analysis to elucidate whether undetected transmission of human mpox virus (hMPXV) occurred before the first reported cases in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. In 401 anorectal and ulcer samples from visitors to centres for sexual health in Amsterdam or Rotterdam dating back to 14 February 2022, we identified two new cases, the earliest from 6 May. This coincides with the first cases reported in the United Kingdom, Spain and Portugal. We found no evidence of widespread hMPXV transmission in Dutch sexual networks of MSM before May 2022. Likely, the mpox outbreak expanded across Europe within a short period in the spring of 2022 through an international highly intertwined network of sexually active MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J de Vries
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannelore M Götz
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Bruisten
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Prins
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Ra Welkers
- Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Jonges
- Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda M Westerhuis
- Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard Schuele
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Stam
- Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjan Boter
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elske Hoornenborg
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Mulders
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariken van den Lubben
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Zhang RR, Wang ZJ, Zhu YL, Tang W, Zhou C, Zhao SQ, Wu M, Ming T, Deng YQ, Chen Q, Jin NY, Ye Q, Li X, Qin CF. Rational development of multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates against mpox. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2192815. [PMID: 36947428 PMCID: PMC10071941 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The re-emerging mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV), a member of Orthopoxvirus genus together with variola virus (VARV) and vaccinia virus (VACV), has led to public health emergency of international concern since July, 2022. Inspired by the unprecedent success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines, the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine against MPXV is of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we rationally constructed and prepared a panel of multicomponent MPXV vaccine candidates encoding different combinations of viral antigens including M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R and B6R. In vitro and in vivo characterization demonstrated that two immunizations of all mRNA vaccine candidates elicit a robust antibody response as well as antigen specific Th1-biased cellular response in mice. Importantly, the penta- and tetra-component vaccine candidates AR-MPXV5 and AR-MPXV4a showed superior capability of inducing neutralizing antibodies as well as of protecting from VACV challenge in mice. Our study provides critical insights to understand the protection mechanism of MPXV infection and direct evidence supporting further clinical development of these multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zheng-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Suo-Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tao Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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22
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Abstract
We report intrafamilial transmission of monkeypox virus to all members of a family (father, mother, and 2 children). Case reports in young children have been extremely rare during the 2022 mpox outbreak. Their clinical signs were mild, and clinical diagnosis would be difficult without knowledge of the father's monkeypox virus infection.
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23
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Iftikhar H, Daniyal M, Qureshi M, Tawaiah K, Ansah RK, Afriyie JK. A hybrid forecasting technique for infection and death from the mpox virus. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231204748. [PMID: 37799502 PMCID: PMC10548807 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231204748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The rising of new cases and death counts from the mpox virus (MPV) is alarming. In order to mitigate the impact of the MPV it is essential to have information of the virus's future position using more precise time series and stochastic models. In this present study, a hybrid forecasting system has been developed for new cases and death counts for MPV infection using the world daily cumulative confirmed and death series. Methods The original cumulative series was decomposed into new two subseries, such as a trend component and a stochastic series using the Hodrick-Prescott filter. To assess the efficacy of the proposed models, a comparative analysis with several widely recognized benchmark models, including auto-regressive (AR) model, auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model, non-parametric auto-regressive (NPAR) model and artificial neural network (ANN), was performed. Results The introduction of two novel hybrid models, HPF 1 1 and HPF 3 4 , which demonstrated superior performance compared to all other models, as evidenced by their remarkable results in key performance indicators such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), is a significant advancement in disease prediction. Conclusion The new models developed can be implemented in forecasting other diseases in the future. To address the current situation effectively, governments and stakeholders must implement significant changes to ensure strict adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs) by the public. Given the anticipated continuation of increasing trends in the coming days, these measures are essential for mitigating the impact of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Iftikhar
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Department of Statistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Moiz Qureshi
- Department of Statistics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Kassim Tawaiah
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Kwame Ansah
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Kwaku Afriyie
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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