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Kang HC, Jeong HJ, Ok JH, Lim AS, Lee K, You JH, Park SA, Eom SH, Lee SY, Lee KH, Jang SH, Yoo YD, Lee MJ, Kim KY. Food web structure for high carbon retention in marine plankton communities. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadk0842. [PMID: 38100582 PMCID: PMC10848704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Total annual net primary productions in marine and terrestrial ecosystems are similar. However, a large portion of the newly produced marine phytoplankton biomass is converted to carbon dioxide because of predation. Which food web structure retains high carbon biomass in the plankton community in the global ocean? In 6954 individual samples or locations containing phytoplankton, unicellular protozooplankton, and multicellular metazooplankton in the global ocean, phytoplankton-dominated bottom-heavy pyramids held higher carbon biomass than protozooplankton-dominated middle-heavy diamonds or metazooplankton-dominated top-heavy inverted pyramids. Bottom-heavy pyramids predominated, but the high predation impact by protozooplankton on phytoplankton or the vertical migration of metazooplankton temporarily changed bottom-heavy pyramids to middle-heavy diamonds or top-heavy inverted pyramids but returned to bottom-heavy pyramids shortly. This finding has profound implications for carbon retention by plankton communities in the global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - An Suk Lim
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Eom
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- Food and Nutrition Tech, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon 16495, South Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Moo Joon Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon 23038, South Korea
| | - Kwang Young Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Choi H, Kang HC, Chie EK, Chang JH, Jang BS. Whole Regional Lymph Node Area Delineation with Deep Learning Model for Total Marrow and Lymphoid Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e461-e462. [PMID: 37785476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Total body irradiation (TBI) has been performed for conditioning before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, TBI can be related to diverse adverse events including radiation pneumonitis and cataract. Efforts to reduce these events include the total marrow irradiation (TMI) and total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI). Compared to TMI, TMLI requires more target delineations with lymph nodes which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. However, with the TMI plans, the coverage to lymph node might be lower than TMLI and its clinical significance is unknown. In the current study, we aimed to develop a deep learning model for automatic delineation of whole regional lymph nodes area and assess the dose coverage of lymph nodes with TMI plans. MATERIALS/METHODS Whole regional lymph nodes (cervical, axillary, mediastinal, para-aortic, common iliac, external iliac, internal iliac, obturator, presacral, inguinal lymph nodes) were manually contoured by 3 radiation oncologists in 26 patients having whole body computed tomography (CT) images. Twenty patients were designated as the training/validation set and 6 patients as the testing set, and model was developed using the 'nnUNET' framework. The trained model was evaluated with dice coefficient score (DCS), precision, and recall. In addition, dose coverage of the automatically or manually delineated lymph nodes in TMI plans was calculated. RESULTS The mean value of DCS, precision, and recall of the trained model was 0.76, 0.81, and 0.74, respectively. Dose parameters for manually delineated lymph nodes in previously treated TMI plans showed the mean value of V100% (the percentage of volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose), V95%, and V90% to be 46.50%, 62.12%, and 73.68%, respectively. The highest V90% was observed in presacral (93.61%), axillary (90.40%), obturator (88.78%), and internal iliac lymph nodes (84.67%). In contrast, the lowest V90% was identified in inguinal (47.95%), cervical (61.69%), and para-aortic (65.75%) and external iliac lymph nodes (68.97%). For automatically delineated lymph nodes, the mean value of V100%, V95%, and V90% of TMI plan was 38.35%, 55.06%, and 67.84%, respectively. The difference with dose coverage of lymph node between delineated manually and automatically was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Automatic delineation of lymph node using deep learning showed the potential to reduce the labor-intensive process of TMLI. When treated with TMI, the coverage of inguinal, cervical, para-aortic and external iliac lymph nodes was lower than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H C Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - E K Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - B S Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Lee SM, Choi JH, Chie EK, Kang HC, Kim KS. Efficacy and Safety of Image-Guided Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e313-e314. [PMID: 37785127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the efficacy and safety of image-guided 10-fraction hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). MATERIALS/METHODS Between 2016 and March 2022, 69 HCC with PVTT patients received RT (40-50Gy/10fx) in our institutions. The median prescribed dose of 50 Gy (range, 40-50 Gy, BED10; 56-75 Gy10) was delivered in 10 fractions in all patients. Follow-up imaging was performed at three-month intervals after the completion of RT. The extent of PVTT was described according to the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan classification: Vp0 = no PVTT, Vp1 = segmental portal vein branch, Vp2 = right/left anterior/posterior portal vein, Vp3 = right/left portal vein and Vp4 = main portal vein. Response evaluation was performed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, version 1.1. Freedom from local progression (FFLP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the start date of RT. RESULTS In this cohort, 4.3% of patients had Vp1 PVTT, 20.3% had Vp2, 37.7% had Vp3, and 37.7% had Vp4. The median PTV volume was 105.3 cc (interquartile range [IQR], 74.1-179.4 cc). Fifty-two (75.4%) patients received 50 Gy in 10 fractions. With a median follow-up of 10.2 months (IQR, 6-21 months), the median OS was 18.5 months, and 1-year FFLP, PFS, and OS rates were 84.8%, 26.9%, and 62.2% respectively. At 3 months after RT, 13.0% had a complete response, 36.2% had a partial response, 46.4% had a stable disease and 4.4% had a progressive disease. In the multivariate analysis, AFP ≥ 600 IU/ml (HR 2.06, p = 0.03), Child-Pugh Class B or C (HR 2.30, p = 0.02), and modified Union for International Cancer Control (mUICC) stage IVA or IVB (4.05, p = 0.02) were significantly related to OS. During the follow-up period, there were 2 (2.8%) cases of grade ≥3 toxicity: grade 3 AST/ALT elevation (n = 1), and acute cholangitis (n = 1). CONCLUSION Hypofractionated RT demonstrated promising local PVTT control with acceptable toxicity. These data suggest that 10-fraction image-guided hypofractionated RT (BED10 = 56-75 Gy10) is a feasible treatment option for PVTT in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - E K Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - H C Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Pereira MAM, Nascimento SB, Monte-Mor BCR, Gabriel AHD, Kang HC. THE INFLUENCE OF THE JAK2V617F MUTATION ON CLINICAL, LABORATORIAL, AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN BCR-ABL NEGATIVE MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Jeong HJ, Kang HC, Lim AS, Jang SH, Lee K, Lee SY, Ok JH, You JH, Kim JH, Lee KH, Park SA, Eom SH, Yoo YD, Kim KY. Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/2/eabe4214. [PMID: 33523999 PMCID: PMC7793574 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae fuel food webs and biogeochemical cycles of key elements in the ocean. What determines microalgal dominance in the ocean is a long-standing question. Red tide distribution data (spanning 1990 to 2019) show that mixotrophic dinoflagellates, capable of photosynthesis and predation together, were responsible for ~40% of the species forming red tides globally. Counterintuitively, the species with low or moderate growth rates but diverse prey including diatoms caused red tides globally. The ability of these dinoflagellates to trade off growth for prey diversity is another genetic factor critical to formation of red tides across diverse ocean conditions. This finding has profound implications for explaining the global dominance of particular microalgae, their key eco-evolutionary strategy, and prediction of harmful red tide outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - An Suk Lim
- Division of Life Science and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Se Hee Eom
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Kwang Young Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Ok JH, Jeong HJ, Lim AS, You JH, Kang HC, Kim SJ, Lee SY. Effects of light and temperature on the growth of Takayama helix (Dinophyceae): mixotrophy as a survival strategy against photoinhibition. J Phycol 2019; 55:1181-1195. [PMID: 31359420 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Takayama helix is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that can feed on diverse algal prey. We explored the effects of light intensity and water temperature, two important physical factors, on its autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates when fed on Alexandrium minutum CCMP1888. Both the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates and ingestion rates of T. helix on A. minutum were significantly affected by photon flux density. Positive growth rates of T. helix at 6-58 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 were observed in both the autotrophic (maximum rate = 0.2 · d-1 ) and mixotrophic modes (0.4 · d-1 ). Of course, it did not grow both autotrophically and mixotrophically in complete darkness. At ≥247 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 , the autotrophic growth rates were negative (i.e., photoinhibition), but mixotrophy turned these negative rates to positive. Both autotrophic and mixotrophic growth and ingestion rates were significantly affected by water temperature. Under both autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, it grew at 15-28°C, but not at ≤10 or 30°C. Therefore, both light intensity and temperature are critical factors affecting the survival and growth of T. helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Korea
| | - An Suk Lim
- Research Institution of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - So Jin Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Kang HC, You JH, Ok JH. Differential feeding by common heterotrophic protists on four Scrippsiella species of similar size. J Phycol 2019; 55:868-881. [PMID: 30989658 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella is known to cause red tides. Mortality due to predation should be assessed in order to understand the population dynamics of Scrippsiella species. However, predation has been explored only in a few species. In this study, we examined feeding by common heterotrophic dinoflagellates Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans, Polykrikos kofoidii, Oblea rotunda, and Pfiesteria piscicida, and a ciliate Strombidinopsis sp., on four Scrippsiella species, of similar size, namely Scrippsiella acuminata, Scrippsiella donghaiensis, Scrippsiella lachrymosa, and Scrippsiella masanensis. All the heterotrophic protists tested could feed on all the four Scrippsiella species. However, the numerical and functional responses of P. kofoidii to the mean prey concentration were apparently different between the Scrippsiella species. With increasing prey concentration, the growth and ingestion rates of P. kofoidii on S. lachrymosa increased rapidly, and then saturated similar to those on S. acuminata, as previously reported, but those on S. donghaiensis continuously decreased. The cells of S. donghaiensis lysed P. kofoidii cells. In contrast, the growth and ingestion rates of P. kofoidii on S. masanensis were not significantly related to the prey concentration. At similarly high mean prey concentration, the growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans were significantly different between the four Scrippsiella species Therefore, differences in the growth and/or ingestion rates of G. dominans and P. kofoidii on the four Scrippsiella species might result in different ecological niches of both the predator and prey species.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Korea
| | - Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Chi S, Liu JL, Kang HC, Lv DM. Continuous nursing intervention on recovery of diabetic patients. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:1507-1513. [PMID: 30574757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to probe the influence of continuous nursing intervention on recovery of diabetic patients. From October 2016 to June 2017, 80 diabetic patients who received treatment in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received continuous nursing care including indirect follow-up, health education and home visit. The self-care ability and blood sugar of the two groups were compared three months later. The score of self-care ability in the intervention group was 89.64±1.64 and that in control group was 72.68±2.47, and a significant difference was observed (P less than 0.001). The fasting blood glucose level in the intervention group was 6.62±0.86 MMOL/L, and the 2-hour post-meal blood glucose level was 8.47±1.32 MMOL/L, which were both lower than those in the control group. Continuous nursing can help monitor the recovery of patients after discharge. It is helpful to improve the self-care ability of patients, control blood sugar level, and promote recovery. It is worth wide promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chi
- Endocrinology Unit 5, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - J L Liu
- Endocrinology Unit 5, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H C Kang
- Endocrinology Unit 5, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - D M Lv
- Endocrinology Unit 5, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Kang HC, Jin Jeong H, So Jin K, You JH, Hee Ok J. Differential feeding by common heterotrophic protists on 12 different Alexandrium species. Harmful Algae 2018; 78:106-117. [PMID: 30196918 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Alexandrium often forms harmful algal blooms causing human illness and large-scale mortality of fish and shellfish. Thus, Alexandrium bloom dynamics are primary concerns for scientists, government officials, aquaculture farmers, and the public. To understand bloom dynamics, mortality due to predation needs to be assessed; however, interactions between many Alexandrium species and their potential predators have not previously been reported. Thus, feeding by five common heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Oxyrrhis marina, Gyrodinium dominans, Polykrikos kofoidii, Pfiesteria piscicida, and Oblea rotunda) and a naked ciliate (Strombidinopsis sp.) on 12 Alexandrium species was examined. Furthermore, the growth and ingestion rates of P. kofoidii on A. minutum CCMP 1888 (previously A. lusitanicum), A. minutum CCMP 113, and A. tamarense were measured as a function of prey concentration. The growth rates of P. kofoidii on the other Alexandrium species at single high prey concentrations were measured, at which the growth rates on A. minutum CCMP 1888 and A. tamarense were saturated. Feeding occurrence by these predators on 12 Alexandrium species could be categorized into 6 different prey groups. Each Alexandrium species was consumed by at least one predator; however, there was no Alexandrium species that was eaten by all six predators. Cells of A. minutum CCMP 1888, A. minutum CCMP 113, and A. tamarense were fed upon by four predators, but A. affine and A. pacificum by only one predator species, P. kofoidii or Strombidinopsis sp. Furthermore, A. minutum CCMP 1888 and A. tamarense supported high growth rates of P. kofoidii, but the other Alexandrium species did not support, but rather inhibited P. kofoidii growth. With increasing prey concentrations, the growth and ingestion rates of P. kofoidii on A. minutum CCMP 1888 and A. tamarense increased and became saturated, whereas those on A. minutum CCMP 113 continuously decreased. The maximum growth rates of P. kofoidii on A. tamarense and A. minutum CCMP 1888 were 1.010 and 0.765 d-1, respectively, and P. kofoidii maximum ingestion rates were 26.2 and 11.1 ng C predator-1d-1, respectively. In contrast, the growth rates of P. kofoidii on the other Alexandrium species at single high prey concentrations were almost zero (A. pacificum) or negative. Based on the feeding occurrence and growth and ingestion rates of predators on 12 Alexandrium species, it is suggested that common heterotrophic protistan predators respond differently to different Alexandrium species, and thus ecological niches of the Alexandrium species may be different from each other. These results may provide an insight into the roles of protistan predators in bloom dynamics of Alexandrium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kim So Jin
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Blanco AM, Yang S, Michalski ST, Ouyang K, Hamlington B, Fulbright J, Erhard K, Kang HC, Jacobs M, Koptiuch C, Vig H, Silver E, Benson C, Massingham L, Lincoln SE, Nussbaum RL, Hampel H, Esplin ED. Abstract P4-06-02: Germline analysis of breast cancer patients with abnormal somatic results: Ancillary assessment or critical co-diagnostic? Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-06-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tumor genetic testing (TGT) is increasingly used for planning cancer treatment and identifying appropriate clinical trials. Emerging literature shows that 4–12% of genetic variants identified on TGT are also present in the germline, conferring hereditary cancer risk. Germline genetic testing (GGT) guidelines were recently expanded to include the identification of a BRCA1/BRCA2 variant on TGT as an indication for germline analysis. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of current GGT guidelines by assessing the rate of pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline findings in a series of patients who had a variant identified on TGT and underwent GGT. Methods: We analyzed de-identified data from 185 sequential patients with various tumor types who had TGT and GGT. Personal and family histories were compared to all available NCCN guidelines for GGT. Results: Sixty-four of 185 patients (34.6%) had at least one P/LP germline variant, and among these patients, 42% (27/64) had variants in BRCA1/BRCA2. Variants in all but one patient (26/27) were also found on TGT. Fourteen of 27 (52%) patients had a personal diagnosis of cancer not typically associated with BRCA1/BRCA2, including colorectal (5), lung (3), and one each of cervical, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric, thymus, thyroid, and uterine. Furthermore, prior TGT results were the only reason GGT guidelines were met in 12 of 27 (44%) patients with germline BRCA1/BRCA2 variants. Among 34 patients with a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer, a P/LP germline variant was identified in nine (26%); the majority (5 of 9) were in non-BRCA1/BRCA2 genes including CDKN2A (1), FANCA (1), MUTYH (1), and PALB2 (2). Notably, the patient with the CDKN2A variant did not meet current breast cancer guidelines for GGT, and one patient with breast cancer and a germline BRCA2 mutation only met GGT guidelines due to prior TGT results. Discussion: Genetic testing guidelines have begun to reflect the opportunity for TGT to identify families at risk for hereditary cancer. Expanding GGT criteria to include TGT results is critical for capturing patients who may not otherwise receive GGT. Our data showed a substantial diagnostic yield in patients—including those with breast or ovarian cancer—who completed GGT after variant identification on TGT. Although current genetic testing guidelines capture the portion of these patients with a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation identified with TGT, our data suggest that P/LP variants in other genes should also be considered during the evaluation of TGT results for subsequent GTG. Finally, the broad spectrum of tumor types with BRCA1/BRCA2 P/LP variants emphasizes the need for all clinicians, regardless of subspecialty, to be aware of current GTG recommendations when TGT identifies a BRCA1/BRCA2 variant and the potential implications of GTG, including targeted therapy, screening, prevention, and family testing.
Citation Format: Blanco AM, Yang S, Michalski ST, Ouyang K, Hamlington B, Fulbright J, Erhard K, Kang HC, Jacobs M, Koptiuch C, Vig H, Silver E, Benson C, Massingham L, Lincoln SE, Nussbaum RL, Hampel H, Esplin ED. Germline analysis of breast cancer patients with abnormal somatic results: Ancillary assessment or critical co-diagnostic? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Blanco
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - S Yang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - ST Michalski
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - K Ouyang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - B Hamlington
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - J Fulbright
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - K Erhard
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - HC Kang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - M Jacobs
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - C Koptiuch
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - H Vig
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - E Silver
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - C Benson
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - L Massingham
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - SE Lincoln
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - RL Nussbaum
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - H Hampel
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
| | - ED Esplin
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Invitae, San Francisco, CA; Rutgers Cancer Institute; Lifespan Cancer Institute; The Ohio State University
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11
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Jeong HJ, Kang HC, You JH, Jang SH. Interactions between the Newly Described Small- and Fast-Swimming Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis and Common Heterotrophic Protists. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 65:612-626. [PMID: 29397033 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mixotroph Yihiella yeosuensis is a small- and fast-swimming dinoflagellate. To investigate its protistan predators, interactions between Y. yeosuensis and 11 heterotrophic protists were explored. No potential predators were able to feed on actively swimming Y. yeosuensis cells, which escaped via rapid jumps, whereas Aduncodinium glandula, Oxyrrhis marina, and Strombidinopsis sp. (approximately 150 μm in cell length) were able to feed on weakly swimming cells that could not jump. Furthermore, Gyrodinium dominans, Luciella masanensis, and Pfiesteria piscicida were able to feed on heat-killed Yihiella cells, whereas Gyrodinium moestrupii, Noctiluca scintillans, Oblea rotunda, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Strombidium sp. (20 μm) did not feed on them. Thus, the jumping behavior of Y. yeosuensis might be primarily responsible for the observed lack of predation. With increasing Yihiella concentration, the growth rate of O. marina decreased, whereas that of Strombidinopsis did not change. However, with increasing Yihiella concentration (up to 530 ng C/ml), the ingestion rate of Strombidinopsis on Yihiella increased linearly. The highest ingestion rate was 24.1 ng C per predator per d. The low daily carbon acquisition from Yihiella relative to the body carbon content of Strombidinopsis might be responsible for its negligible growth. Thus, Y. yeosuensis might have an advantage over its competitors due to its low mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, Korea
| | - Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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12
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Lee KH, Jeong HJ, Kwon JE, Kang HC, Kim JH, Jang SH, Park JY, Yoon EY, Kim JS. Mixotrophic ability of the phototrophic dinoflagellates Alexandrium andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus. Harmful Algae 2016; 59:67-81. [PMID: 28073508 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. have received much attention due to their harmful effects on diverse marine organisms, including commercially important species. For minimizing loss due to red tides or blooms of Alexandrium spp., it is very important to understand the eco-physiology of each Alexandrium species and to predict its population dynamics. Its trophic mode (i.e., exclusively autotrophic or mixotrophic) is one of the most critical parameters in establishing prediction models. However, among the 35 Alexandrium species so far described, only six Alexandrium species have been revealed to be mixotrophic. Thus, mixotrophic ability of the other Alexandrium species should be explored. In the present study, whether each of three Alexandrium species (A. andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus) isolated from Korean waters has or lacks mixotrophic ability, was investigated. When diets of diverse algal prey, cyanobacteria, and bacteria sized micro-beads were provided, A. andersonii was able to feed on the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp., the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp., and the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa rotundata, whereas neither A. affine nor A. fraterculus fed on any prey item. Moreover, mixotrophy elevated the growth rate of A. andersonii. The maximum mixotrophic growth rates of A. andersonii on Pyramimonas sp. under a 14:10h light/dark cycle of 20μEm-2s-1 was 0.432d-1, while the autotrophic growth rate was 0.243d-1. With increasing mean prey concentration, the ingestion rate of A. andersonii increased rapidly at prey concentrations <650ngCml-1 (ca. 16,240 cellsml-1), but became saturated at the higher prey concentrations. The maximum ingestion rate by A. andersonii of Pyramimonas sp. was 1.03ngC predator-1d-1 (25.6 cells predator-1d-1). This evidence suggests that the mixotrophic ability of A. andersonii should be taken into consideration in predicting the outbreak, persistence, and decline of its harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ha Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Park
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Yoon
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seong Kim
- Water and Eco-Bio Corporation, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic
syndrome. We studied the association between hyperuricemia and glycemic status in a
nonrandomized sample of primary care patients. This was a cross-sectional study of
adults ≥20 years old who were members of a community-based health care program.
Hyperuricemia was defined as a value >7.0 mg/dL for men and >6.0 mg/dL for
women. The sample comprised 720 participants including controls (n=257) and patients
who were hypertensive and euglycemic (n=118), prediabetic (n=222), or diabetic
(n=123). The mean age was 42.4±12.5 years, 45% were male, and 30% were white. The
prevalence of hyperuricemia increased from controls (3.9%) to euglycemic hypertension
(7.6%) and prediabetic state (14.0%), with values in prediabetic patients being
statistically different from controls. Overall, diabetic patients had an 11.4%
prevalence of hyperuricemia, which was also statistically different from controls. Of
note, diabetic subjects with glycosuria, who represented 24% of the diabetic
participants, had a null prevalence of hyperuricemia, and statistically higher values
for fractional excretion of uric acid, Na excretion index, and prevalence of
microalbuminuria than those without glycosuria. Participants who were prediabetic or
diabetic but without glycosuria had a similarly elevated prevalence of hyperuricemia.
In contrast, diabetic patients with glycosuria had a null prevalence of hyperuricemia
and excreted more uric acid and Na than diabetic subjects without glycosuria. The
findings can be explained by enhanced proximal tubule reabsorption early in the
course of dysglycemia that decreases with the ensuing glycosuria at the late stage of
the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A M Andrade
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - H C Kang
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - S Greffin
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - M L Garcia Rosa
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - J R Lugon
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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14
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Ong SW, Wu J, Thong AZH, Tok ES, Kang HC. Interaction of magnetic transition metal dimers with spin-polarized hydrogenated graphene. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:124709. [PMID: 23556744 DOI: 10.1063/1.4795500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coadsorption of hydrogen and transition metal dimers Fe2, Co2, Ni2, and FeCo on graphene is investigated using density functional theory calculations. Our work is motivated by observations that the magnetic moments of these transition metal dimers are large and that hydrogen adsorption partitions the graphene lattice into magnetic subdomains. Thus, we expect the magnetic dimers to interact strongly with the lattice. Our results show that the majority-spin direction of the lattice electronic states depends upon the dimer identity, the lattice spin polarization being in the same direction as the dimer spin polarization for Fe2 and FeCo, but opposite for Co2 and Ni2. We can understand this by examining the electronic density of states of the dimer and the lattice. We also show that coadsorption significantly increases the adsorption energies of both dimer and hydrogen leading to a more strongly-adsorbed dimer, while the bond length and magnetic moment of the upper dimer atom, the latter important for potential magnetic storage applications, are negligibly changed. Our work shows that the coadsorbed hydrogen and metal dimer interact over a long-range, this interaction being mediated by the hydrogen-induced spin-polarization of the graphene lattice. We obtain general insight into how the elemental identity of these magnetic dimers determines the spin-polarized states on the hydrogenated graphene lattice. These results could be important for potential applications of magnetic properties of decorated graphene lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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15
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Mao JH, Wu D, Kim IJ, Kang HC, Wei G, Climent J, Kumar A, Pelorosso FG, DelRosario R, Huang EJ, Balmain A. Hipk2 cooperates with p53 to suppress γ-ray radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphoma. Oncogene 2011; 31:1176-80. [PMID: 21785465 PMCID: PMC3307058 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide screen for genetic alterations in radiation-induced thymic lymphomas generated from p53+/- and p53-/- mice showed frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 6. Fine mapping of these LOH regions revealed three non-overlapping regions, one of which was refined to a 0.2 Mb interval that contained only the gene encoding homeobox-interacting protein kinase 2 (Hipk2). More than 30% of radiation-induced tumors from both p53+/- and p53-/- mice showed heterozygous loss of one Hipk2 allele. Mice carrying a single inactive allele of Hipk2 in the germline were susceptible to induction of tumors by γ-radiation, but most tumors retained and expressed the wild-type allele, suggesting that Hipk2 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene for mouse lymphoma development. Heterozygous loss of both Hipk2 and p53 confers strong sensitization to radiation-induced lymphoma. We conclude that Hipk2 is a haploinsufficient lymphoma suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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16
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Park HY, Cho DH, Joe DH, Kang HC, Yun SJ. A case of xanthoma disseminatum with spontaneous resolution over 10 years: review of the literature on long-term follow-up. Dermatology 2011; 222:236-43. [PMID: 21613781 DOI: 10.1159/000328137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare and potentially progressive non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. To date, a few cases of XD with spontaneous complete resolution have been described. The present report describes a 16-year-old girl who presented with yellow to red-brown papules and nodules on her eyelids, cheeks, axillae, back and buttocks. Indirect laryngoscopy showed multiple xanthomatous plaques on the larynx, posterior pharynx, epiglottis, and vocal cords. Additional findings were polyuria, polydipsia, and amenorrhea. Skin biopsy and electron microscopy results confirmed the diagnosis of XD. The patient was treated with fenofibrate, simvastatin, desmopressin, and sex-hormone replacement therapy. Her skin lesions began to slowly fade 6 years after disease onset, eventually resolving spontaneously and completely, but leaving an atrophic scar, frank anetoderma, and persisting diabetes insipidus. This case report together with a review of the English-language literature on the long-term follow-up of XD patients provides additional information on the natural history of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
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17
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Lee SY, Cho IH, Kim JM, Kang HC, Noh DY. Hard X-ray microbeam lithography using a Fresnel zone plate with a long focal length. J Synchrotron Radiat 2011; 18:143-147. [PMID: 21335899 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510044535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Focused hard X-ray microbeams for use in X-ray nanolithography have been investigated. A 7.5 keV X-ray beam generated at an undulator was focused to about 3 µm using a Fresnel zone plate fabricated on silicon. The focused X-ray beam retains a high degree of collimation owing to the long focal length of the zone plate, which greatly facilitates hard X-ray nanoscale lithography. The focused X-ray microbeam was successfully utilized to fabricate patterns with features as small as 100 nm on a photoresist.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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18
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Abstract
We present a reflection based coherent diffraction imaging method which can be used to reconstruct a non periodic surface image from a diffraction amplitude measured in reflection geometry. Using a He-Ne laser, we demonstrated that a surface image can be reconstructed solely from the reflected intensity from a surface without relying on any prior knowledge of the sample object or the object support. The reconstructed phase image of the exit wave is particularly interesting since it can be used to obtain quantitative information of the surface depth profile or the phase change during the reflection process. We believe that this work will broaden the application areas of coherent diffraction imaging techniques using light sources with limited penetration depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashidhara Marathe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Nano-bio Materials and Electronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712 Korea
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present our experience with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the procedure in pediatric intractable epilepsy. METHODS This study included sixteen patients, who were implanted with a vagus nerve stimulator and could be followed up for at least more than 12 months in two epilepsy centers. Data including seizure frequency, EEG, quality of life measures and adverse events were prospectively filed over a 5-year period. RESULTS VNS resulted in a > 50% reduction in seizure frequency in 50.0% (8/16) of children with 31.3% (5/16) of patients achieving a > 90% reduction. Additionally, enhancements in quality of life were as follows: memory in 50.0% (8/16), mood in 62.5% (10/16), behavior in 68.8% (11/16), alertness in 68.8% (11/16), achievement in 37.5% (6/16), and verbal skills in 43.8% (7/16) of the patients. Adverse events included hoarseness in two patients, dyspnea during sleep in two patients, and sialorrhea in one patient. However, these events were tolerable or could be controlled by the adjustment of output currents. In one patient, wound revision was required. CONCLUSION Our data supports the role of VNS as an alternative therapy for pediatric intractable epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Epilepsy Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Korea
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the perinatal mortality of infants born during holidays differs from that of infants born on workdays, and to elucidate its cause. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Setting Vital statistics linked to the National Infant Mortality Survey data for 1999 births in Korea. POPULATION In all, 628 485 births in 1999 in Korea. METHODS Number of births and perinatal mortality were classified according to the day of the week using the occurrence index. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for increased holiday mortality were estimated using logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Birthweight-adjusted perinatal mortality. RESULTS Births on holidays were 33% fewer and perinatal deaths 24% higher than expected (PMR, Perinatal Mortality Rate, 16.4 versus 12.8; OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4). After the adjustment of birthweight, gender, plurality and congenital anomalies, the odds ratio for death of infants born during holidays was 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1-1.3). CONCLUSIONS The higher perinatal mortality during holidays in Korea appears to be due to different qualities of perinatal care, rather than difference in case-mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hong
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Kang HC, Maser J, Stephenson GB, Liu C, Conley R, Macrander AT, Vogt S. Nanometer linear focusing of hard x rays by a multilayer Laue lens. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:127401. [PMID: 16605955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a type of linear zone plate for nanometer-scale focusing of hard x rays, a multilayer Laue lens (MLL), produced by sectioning a multilayer and illuminating it in Laue diffraction geometry. Because of its large optical depth, a MLL spans the diffraction regimes applicable to a thin Fresnel zone plate and a crystal. Coupled wave theory calculations indicate that focusing to 5 nm or smaller with high efficiency should be possible. Partial MLL structures with outermost zone widths as small as 10 nm have been fabricated and tested with 19.5 keV synchrotron radiation. Focal sizes as small as 30 nm with efficiencies up to 44% are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can cause sexual dysfunction, so it is possible that sibutramine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, could induce sexual dysfunction. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The effect of sibutramine on sexual function was evaluated in 46 overweight and obese (body mass index (BMI) > or = 23 kg/m2) but otherwise healthy married women (28-44 years). Participants were randomly assigned at baseline to either the sibutramine or control group. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to assess sexual function at baseline and after treatment with behavioral therapy plus sibutramine 10 mg once daily or behavioral therapy alone (control) for 8 weeks. RESULTS Mean weight loss from baseline to week 8 was -6.03% in sibutramine group and -0.38% in the control group. There was significant improvement of FSFI total score, arousal domain score and lubrication domain score in the sibutramine group (P<0.05), and significant differences in arousal, orgasm, satisfaction domain score and total score (P<0.05) in favor of sibutramine. Decreases in body weight and BMI were correlated with the improvement of arousal (r = -0.44 and r = -0.48, respectively) and orgasm (r = -0.45 and r = -0.46, respectively) domains. CONCLUSION Treatment with sibutramine plus behavioral therapy did not induce sexual dysfunction and sibutramine-induced weight reduction appeared to have a positive impact on sexual function in this small group of overweight and moderately obese women. The degree of improvement in sexual function was correlated with the degree of weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Kim IJ, Ku JL, Kang HC, Park JH, Yoon KA, Shin Y, Park HW, Jang SG, Lim SK, Han SY, Shin YK, Lee MR, Jeong SY, Shin HR, Lee JS, Kim WH, Park JG. Mutational analysis of OGG1, MYH, MTH1 in FAP, HNPCC and sporadic colorectal cancer patients: R154H OGG1 polymorphism is associated with sporadic colorectal cancer patients. Hum Genet 2004; 115:498-503. [PMID: 15449173 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MYH, OGG1 and MTH1 are members of base excision repair (BER) families, and MYH germline mutations were recently identified in patients with multiple adenomas or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). A total of 20 APC-negative Korean FAP patients were analyzed for OGG1, MYH and MTH1 germline mutations. A total of 19 hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), 86 suspected HNPCC, and 246 sporadic colorectal cancer cases were investigated for OGG1 and MYH mutations. A total of 14 R154H OGG1 polymorphisms were identified in hereditary, sporadic colorectal cancers, and normal controls. For the case-control analysis of OGG1 R154H, a total of 625 hereditary or sporadic colorectal cancer patients and 527 normal controls were screened. R154H was a rare polymorphism associated with sporadic colorectal cancer patents (OR: 3.586, P= 0.053). R154H does not segregate with cancer phenotypes. Upon examining the possibility of recessive inheritance of R154H, we could not identify any complementary mutations in OGG1, MYH or MTH1. Samples with R154H were further screened for mutations of K-ras, beta-catenin, APC, p53, BRAF and the microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Eight somatic mutations were identified in these genes and G:C to T:A transversion mutations were not dominant in samples harboring R154H. This result raises the possibility that OGG1 R154H may function as a low/moderate-penetrance modifier for colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-J Kim
- Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry, Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Tok ES, Ong SW, Kang HC. Dynamical scaling of sputter-roughened surfaces in 2+1 dimensions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 70:011604. [PMID: 15324062 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.011604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The asymptotic scaling behavior of sputter-roughened surfaces is of great current interest. In particular, the disparately wide-ranging values of the growth exponent found experimentally, and whether sputter-roughening belongs to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class in 2+1 dimensions, are two interesting issues. We address these issues using simulations of an atomistic model. The asymptotic scaling appears to be Edwards-Wilkinson. Crossover behavior in the model leads to effective growth exponents that vary widely depending upon the regime of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Tok
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Kim HJ, Kwak HH, Hu KS, Park HD, Kang HC, Jung HS, Koh KS. Topographic anatomy of the mandibular nerve branches distributed on the two heads of the lateral pterygoid. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 32:408-13. [PMID: 14505626 DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2002.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the nerve distribution on the two heads of the lateral pterygoid and to clarify their morphological-functional correlations. The nerve distribution on the lateral pterygoid was studied in 24 hemi-sectioned heads. Both heads of the lateral pterygoid were innervated from the mandibular nerve branches, but with various nerve distribution patterns. The nerves innervating the superior head of the lateral pterygoid originated from the buccal nerve only in 45.8% of cases. In contrast, the nerves innervating the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid originated from both the buccal and mandibular nerve trunk in 58.3% of cases. In the seven distribution categories of the mandibular nerve branches, both the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid had a common source of nerve innervation in only 20.8% of cases, the buccal nerve. In contrast, in 45.9% of cases, additional nerve twigs from the mandibular nerve trunk were distributed on the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid. In summary, besides the buccal nerve described in anatomy textbooks, the nerve branches that originated directly from the mandibular nerve trunk innervated the lateral pterygoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Histology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim IJ, Park JH, Kang HC, Shin Y, Lim SB, Ku JL, Yang HK, Lee KU, Park JG. A novel germline mutation in the MET extracellular domain in a Korean patient with the diffuse type of familial gastric cancer. J Med Genet 2003; 40:e97. [PMID: 12920089 PMCID: PMC1735541 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.8.e97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-J Kim
- Korean Hereditary Tumour Registry, Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Park JH, Kim IJ, Kang HC, Lee SH, Shin Y, Kim KH, Lim SB, Kang SB, Lee K, Kim SY, Lee MS, Lee MK, Park JH, Moon SD, Park JG. Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene in Korean families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or MEN1-related disorders. Clin Genet 2003; 64:48-53. [PMID: 12791038 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a familial cancer syndrome characterized by the combined occurrence of tumours of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cells and anterior pituitary gland. Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene has enabled the genetic diagnosis of patients with MEN1. Two MEN1-related disorders - familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) and familial pituitary adenoma - are considered to be variants of MEN1, or at least to be incompletely expressed variants. Germline mutations of the MEN1 gene have been reported in some with FIHP, but familial pituitary adenoma usually lacks the MEN1 mutation and has been described as a genetically distinct disorder. In this work, we investigated five Korean families with MEN1, one family with FIHP and one family with familial pituitary adenoma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing were used to detect the MEN1 mutations. Screening of the genetic variations of the MEN1 gene revealed four germline mutations in five typical MEN1 families. All four germline mutations led to truncated proteins or a change in the amino acids of the functional domains. In this study, we identified three novel MEN1 germline mutations (969C >A, 973G >C and 1213C >T) and one previously reported mutation (200-201insAGCCC). The frequency of the MEN1 germline mutation in Korean MEN1 families (four of five; 80%) was similar to those reported previously. In accordance with previous studies, no MEN1 germline mutation was detected in two families with FIHP or familial pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Park
- Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim IJ, Park JH, Kang HC, Kim KH, Kim JH, Ku JL, Kang SB, Park SY, Lee JS, Park JG. Identification of a novel BMPR1A germline mutation in a Korean juvenile polyposis patient without SMAD4 mutation. Clin Genet 2003; 63:126-30. [PMID: 12630959 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile polyposis (JP) is characterized by the development of multiple hamartomatous polyps and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Germline mutations of the SMAD4 gene have been reported in JP. We have previously identified three SMAD4 germline mutations in five Korean JP patients. Recently, germline mutations of the BMPR1A (ALK3) gene were reported in JP cases without SMAD4 mutations. In order to determine whether BMPR1A could be involved in the development of JP, we screened all five patients using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis. We found that one patient had a BMPR1A germline mutation without a SMAD4 mutation. This patient harbored a novel missense mutation (M470T) in exon 10. After close clinico-pathological examination, one patient who was previously diagnosed to have JP was excluded from the JP group. In total, all four Korean JP patients had either the SMAD4 or the BMPR1A mutation, with three having SMAD4 germline mutations and one carrying a BMPR1A germline mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-J Kim
- Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
A unique benzofuran named suillusin was isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruiting body of the mushroom Suillus granulatus. Its structure was assigned on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses as a highly substituted novel 1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran (1). Suillusin is suggested to be biogenerated from polyporic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Yun
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yusong, Taejon 305-600, Korea
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30
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Abstract
alpha-galactosidase activity in grape flesh (Vitis venifera L. Muscat of Alexandria) was characterized by a marked increase in its activity 4 weeks after fruit bearing. After 12 weeks the specific activity of the enzyme had increased 15-fold. Several other glycosidases were measured at different stages of fruit development but none showed the increased levels of activity displayed by this alpha-galactosidase. alpha-Galactosidase activity (unit/g.fresh wt) increased by 52% during postharvest storage, whereas the unripe grape showed a "stagnancy" for 10-15 days prior to the increase. An alpha-galactosidase was partially purified ca. 103-fold from grape flesh of Vitis labruscana Honey black, by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, Biogel P-60, melibiose-agarose, and Sephacryl S-200 chromatographic separations. The enzyme was effectively separated by affinity chromatography on melibiose-agarose, and was a monomer of 40-45 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and Sephacryl S-200 chromatographic analysis. The hydrolysis rate of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-Gal (PNP-alpha-D-Gal) was 4.2 times higher than that of PNP-beta-D-Gal, implying an apparent alpha-anomer specificity, and natural oligosaccharides such as melibiose, stachyose, and raffinose were also considerably hydrolyzed. The enzyme was active over a narrow pH range with an optimal hydrolysis of stachyose and PNP-alpha-D-Gal at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline did not substantially affect enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, 441-707, Suwon, South Korea.
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Kim DY, Kang HC, Shin HC, Lee KJ, Yoon YW, Han HC, Na HS, Hong SK, Kim YI. Substance p plays a critical role in photic resetting of the circadian pacemaker in the rat hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2001; 21:4026-31. [PMID: 11356889 PMCID: PMC6762721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is considered to be the primary neurotransmitter in the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), which delivers photic information from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the locus of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. However, substance P (SP) also has been suggested to play a role in retinohypothalamic transmission. In this study, we sought evidence that SP from the RHT contributes to photic resetting of the circadian pacemaker and further explored the possible interaction of SP with glutamate in this process. In rat hypothalamic slices cut parasagittally, electrical stimulation of the optic nerve in early and late subjective night produced a phase delay (2.4 +/- 0.5 hr; mean +/- SEM) and advance (2.6 +/- 0.3 hr) of the circadian rhythm of SCN neuronal firing activity, respectively. The SP antagonist L-703,606 (10 microm) applied to the slices during the nerve stimulation completely blocked the phase shifts. Likewise, a cocktail of NMDA (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, 50 microm) and non-NMDA (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, 10 microm) antagonists completely blocked the shifts. Exogenous application of SP (1 microm) or glutamate (100 microm) to the slices in early subjective night produced a phase delay ( approximately 3 hr) of the circadian firing activity rhythm of SCN neurons. Coapplication of the NMDA and non-NMDA antagonist cocktail (as well as L-703,606) resulted in a complete blockade of the SP-induced phase delay, whereas L-703,606 (10 microm) had no effect on the glutamate-induced delay. These results suggest that SP, as well as glutamate, has a critical role in photic resetting. Furthermore, the results suggest that the two agonists act in series, SP working upstream of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 136-705
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Abstract
Hwa-Byung (HB) has been categorized as a Korean culture-bound syndrome that refers to insidious, long-standing, serious discontent that is projected into the body and is manifested by numerous symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, panic, palpitations, dyspnea, and others. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence rate of HB in Korean women, validate the predominant symptoms of HB, and validate the related sociodemographic factors and lifestyle factors that differentiate women with HB from those without HB. A total of 2,807 women ages 41 to 65 years were recruited from seven metropolitan areas and six provinces in Korea. The prevalence rate of women who designated themselves as having experienced HB was 4.95%. The rates were higher in women of low socioeconomic status, living in rural areas, among the divorced or separated, smokers, and drinkers. A set of 31 HB symptoms differentiated the potential HB women from the non-HB women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Park
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul
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Abstract
Three BODIPY GTPgammaS analogs (FL, 515, and TR), BODIPY FL GppNHp and BODIPY FL GTP molecules were synthesized as possible fluorescent probes to study guanine nucleotide binding spectroscopically. Binding to G(alphao) increases baseline analog fluorescence by 6-, 8.5-, 2.8-, 3.5-, and 3.0-fold, respectively. Binding of GTPgammaS and GppNHp analogs to G(alphao) is of high affinity (K(D) 11, 17, 55, and 110 nM, respectively) and reaches a stable plateau while fluorescence of BODIPY FL GTP shows a transient increase which returns to baseline. Furthermore, BODIPY FL GTPgammaS shows varying affinities for alpha(o), alpha(s), alpha(i1), and alpha(i2) (6, 58, 150, and 300 nM). The affinities of BODIPY FL GppNHp for all four G(alpha) subunits are 10-fold lower than for BODIPY FL GTPgammaS. Half-times for the fluorescence increase are consistent with known GDP release rates for those proteins. Enhancement of fluorescence upon binding the G(alpha) subunit is most likely due to a rotation around the gamma-thiol (GTPgammaS) or the 3' ribose-hydroxyl (GppNHp) bond to relieve the quenching of BODIPY fluorescence by the guanine base. Binding to G(alpha) exposes the BODIPY moiety to the external environment, as seen by an increase in sodium iodide quenching. The visible excitation and emission spectra and high fluorescence levels of these probes permit robust real-time detection of nucleotide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P McEwen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0632, USA
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34
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Abstract
Novel fluorescent analogs of penicillin V were synthesized and evaluated for efficacy in the detection of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). These molecules include the full structure of penicillin V, with the potent Bodipy fluorophore attached to the para-position of the penicillin V phenyl group. The green fluorescent Bocillin FL and the near-infrared (IR) fluorescent Bocillin 650/665 probes were shown to bind to PBPs, both purified and from membrane preparations, with high affinity and specificity. These reagents allow for facile detection of 2-4 ng of purified PBP with the aid of a fluorescent scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Gee
- Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR 97402, USA.
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35
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Nan JX, Park EJ, Kang HC, Park PH, Kim JY, Sohn DH. Anti-fibrotic effects of a hot-water extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza roots on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:197-204. [PMID: 11273016 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011775406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anti-fibrotic effects of a hot-water extract form the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae) on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction was studied in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL). After surgery, the hot-water extract of S. miltiorrhiza roots (100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) was administered daily for 28 days. The concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and total cholesterol in serum and hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde contents in liver were significantly increased in BDL rats. Treatment with the extract of S. miltiorrhiza significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol concentrations in BDL rats. The liver hydroxyproline content in BDL rats treated with extract was also reduced to 68% of that in BDL control rats (P < 0.01). The liver malondialdehyde content in BDL rats treated with the extract was also reduced to 47% of that in BDL control rats (P < 0.01). The morphological characteristics of fibrotic livers were improved in BDL rats treated with extract. Immunohistochemical examination of fibrotic liver showed that the extract of S. miltiorrhiza markedly reduced protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle cell-like actin, which indicates that hepatic stellate cell activation was inhibited during liver fibrosis development. The results indicate that the hot-water extract of S. miltiorrhiza roots inhibits fibrosis and lipid peroxidation in rats with liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Nan
- College of Pharmacy, Medicinal Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Cheonbuk, South Korea
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36
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional cytokine that is thought to play a major role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of thyroid cells. However, little is known of its detailed mechanisms of action in thyrocytes. We have therefore studied the molecular mechanisms of TGF-beta1 action on thyroglobulin (TG) gene expression by focusing our attention on TGF-beta1 regulation of thyroid-specific transcription factors. TGF-beta1 decreased TG messenger RNA (mRNA) expression both in the presence and in the absence of TSH in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. Transfected into FRTL-5 cells, the activity of reporter plasmids containing the rat TG promoter ligated to a luciferase gene was significantly suppressed by the addition of TGF-beta1. When the nuclear extracts prepared from TGF-beta1-treated FRTL-5 cells were used in gel mobility shift assays, the amount of protein-DNA complex formed by Pax-8 was reduced, both in the presence and in the absence of TSH, but protein-DNA complexes formed by thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and TTF-2 were not. The suppressive effect of TGF-beta1 on Pax-8/DNA complex formation is in part due to the suppression of Pax-8 mRNA and protein levels by TGF-beta1. Expressions of Pax-8 mRNA and protein, which were assessed by Northern blot and Western blot analyses, respectively, were decreased by TGF-beta1 treatment of FRTL-5 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In a transfection experiment, mutation of the Pax-8-binding site caused a loss of both TGF-beta1- and TSH-responsiveness in TG promoter activity. Overexpression of Pax-8 abolished the TGF-beta1 suppression of TG promoter activity. These results indicate that TGF-beta1 decreases Pax-8 mRNA levels as well as Pax-8 DNA-binding activity, which, at least in part, seems to be involved in the TGF-beta1-induced suppression of TG gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kang
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Park PH, Nan JX, Park EJ, Kang HC, Kim JY, Ko G, Sohn DH. Effect of tetrandrine on experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission in rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 87:261-8. [PMID: 11140824 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.pto870604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Stephania tetrandra, has been shown to elicit antifibrotic effects in various cell types. In the present study, the effect of tetrandrine on liver fibrosis was investigated by using bile duct ligation and scission in rats as a model of hepatic fibrosis. Treatment with tetrandrine in fibrotic rats reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels to 72%, 52% and 51% that of controls at 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. Liver hydroxyproline contents in tetrandrine-treated rats with bile duct ligation and scission were also reduced to 65% of that of control rats with bile duct ligation and scission at 10 mg/kg/day. The morphological characteristics of fibrotic liver, which appeared in control bile duct ligation and scission group, were improved in tetrandrine-treated bile duct ligation and scission group. We also examined the effect of tetrandrine on cultured rat hepatic stellate cells, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, activation to investigate whether it could act mainly by direct action on rat hepatic fibroblastic cells. In cultured rat hepatic stellate cells, tetrandrine reduced DNA synthesis to 57% of control hepatic stellate cells at 10 microg/ml without affecting cell viability. Smooth muscle-alpha-actin expression, the phenotypic marker of activated hepatic stellate cells, was also decreased. We conclude that tetrandrine has an antifibrotic effect on liver fibrosis in rats induced by bile duct ligation and scission, indicating that it might exert a direct effect on rat hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Park
- Medicinal Resources Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Cheonbuk, S-Korea
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Kang HC, Lee BM, Yoon J, Yoon M. Synthesis and Surface-Active Properties of New Photosensitive Surfactants Containing the Azobenzene Group. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 231:255-264. [PMID: 11049676 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several water-soluble cationic surfactants, 4-alkylazobenzene-4'-(oxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium methylsulfate (AZMS) (AZMS-0, AZMS-1, AZMS-2, AZMS-4, and AZMS-8), containing alkylglycidylether and azoarene have been synthesized with high yields of 63-78% and their surface-active properties have been investigated upon irradiation with UV/vis light. All of the trans-AZMS surfactants are isomerized to cis-trans mixtures containing 92.5% cis isomer by UV light irradiation at 350 nm. The cis isomers in the mixtures are reverted to trans isomers by visible light irradiation (lambda>445 nm). Such photoisomerization induces changes in the surface activity of each surfactant. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the trans form of AZMS-8 surfactant is about 1.28x10(-4) mol/l. At the photostationary state, 92.5% of the trans form is changed to the cis form which exhibits a slightly higher cmc (3.41x10(-4) mol/l). The new cmc of AZMS surfactants upon photoisomerization is similar to that of the ideal mixed micellar system. In particular, the ratio of cmc(cis) to cmc(trans) of AZMS derivatives is about 1.87-2.85 which increases proportionally with the chain length of alkyl group. The minimum average area per molecule (A(min)(a/w)) for the trans and cis isomers of AZMS-8 is 0.60 and 0.74 nm(2), respectively. The difference in the A(min)(a/w) may originate from the structural differences in the two isomers. These values are quite different as compared to those of the conventional azobenzene surfactants. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- HC Kang
- Applied and Engineering Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon, 305-600, Korea
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Borelli P, Souza IP, Borojevic R, Dagli ML, Kang HC. Protein malnutrition: some aspects of the in vitro adhesion of peritoneal mouse macrophages. Ann Nutr Metab 2000; 42:367-73. [PMID: 9895425 DOI: 10.1159/000012757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein calorie malnutrition and disease are frequently associated. Protein malnutrition modifies both the specific and nonspecific resistance of the organism to infectious agents. The exact mechanisms underlying these findings are not clear. Cellular adhesion is a crucial step in the process of phagocytosis as well as cellular migration. The effect of a low-protein diet on adhesion of macrophages was studied using an experimental murine model. We used malnourished mice that had lost 30% of their initial body weight. We then injected them with a suspension of sodium caseinate and harvested the peritoneal macrophages after 5 days. The cells were then allowed to adhere to cover slips in the presence or absence of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) in the medium for time periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Macrophage adhesion to glass slips whose surface had been covered with type I collagen was performed only for 90 min. The expression of fibronectin was studied using an immunohistochemical technique only in the 90-min assay. The results indicate that (1) protein malnutrition impairs the activation potential of macrophages, decreasing their adhesion and expression of fibronectin; (2) when FCS is present in the medium, there is a decrease in the number of adhered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borelli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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40
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Park EJ, Nan JX, Kim JY, Kang HC, Choi JH, Lee SJ, Lee BH, Kim SJ, Lee JH, Kim YC, Sohn DH. The ethanol-soluble part of a hot-water extract from Artemisia iwayomogi inhibits liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52:875-81. [PMID: 10933139 DOI: 10.1211/0022357001774561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of the hot-water extract from Artemisia iwayomogi (Compositae) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver injury was induced by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (1 mL kg(-1)) twice a week during 4 weeks of A. iwayomogi treatment. Extracts from A. iwayomogi were prepared and administered to rats orally (2 g kg(-1) as A. iwayomogi for 4 weeks) as follows: group 1, hot-water extract; group 2, ethanol-soluble part of hot-water extract; group 3, ethanol-insoluble part of hot-water extract; and group 4, methanol extract. In rats treated with the ethanol-soluble part of the hot-water extract, liver hydroxyproline content was reduced to 74% that of carbon tetrachloride control rats (P < 0.05). Protein expression of alpha smooth muscle cell like actin was also decreased in rats treated with the ethanol-soluble part of the hot-water extract, which indicates inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation. Liver malondialdehyde levels were significantly lowered in rats treated with the ethanol-soluble part of hot-water extract (P < 0.05). Serum cholesterol levels in rats treated with hot-water extract, ethanol-soluble or -insoluble parts of hot-water extract or methanol extract were significantly reduced when compared with those of carbon tetrachloride control rats (P < 0.05). The ethanol-soluble part of the hot-water extract from A. iwayomogi inhibited fibrosis and lipid peroxidation in rats with liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. Both hot-water extract (either ethanol-soluble or -insoluble) and methanol extract of A. iwayomogi also lowered serum cholesterol levels in fibrotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Park
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Resources Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Cheonbuk, South Korea
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41
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Abstract
Eighty Korean children (ages 8 months-12 years) with clinical and/or histopathologic diagnoses of vitiligo were evaluated; 39 boys and 41 girls. The mean age at first visit was 7.9 years and the mean age at onset was 5.6 years. The most common site of onset was the head/neck area (58.8%), followed by the trunk and lower limbs. The children were compared with a control group of 422 adults with vitiligo. Children comprised 16% of the total vitiligo patients and adults comprised 84%. A family history of vitiligo was found in 11 (13.8%) children, compared to 10.7% in the adult group; poliosis in 20 (25. 0%); halo nevi in 2 (2.5%), compared to 4.0% in the adult group; combined autoimmune and endocrine diseases in 1 (1.3%), compared to 7.6% in the adult group; and segmental vitiligo in 26 (32.5%), compared to 13.0% in the adult group. The combined diseases were significantly less often found in children than adults (p < 0.01), and segmental vitiligo was significantly more often associated with children (p < 0.0001). Our study did not show a higher prevalence of vitiligo in girls as reported in other studies, which may indicate racial differences. Of the total 502 patients, only 1 patient with segmental vitiligo had halo nevi. Sixty-four percent of the children with vitiligo responded to treatment, compared to 57% of the adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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42
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Kang HC, Ardourel MY, Guérin B, Monsigny M, Delmotte FM. Purification of two lectins from a nopalin Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain. Biochimie 1998; 80:87-94. [PMID: 9587666 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(98)80060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lectins were evidenced on the surface of one Agrobacterium tumefaciens wild strain (82,139) by agglutination test and neoglycoprotein labelling. Bacteria were incubated in the presence of various fluorescein-labelled neoglycoproteins and the binding was assessed by a fluorimetric method. Among the fluorescein-labelled neoglycoproteins tested, the one bearing alpha-D-galactosyl residues was the most efficient. The labelling was optimal at pH 5.0 and naught at pH above 7. The binding was specifically inhibited by homologous fluorescein-free neoglycoproteins. A galactoside-specific lectin was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on agarose-A4 substituted with alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residues. Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single band (M(r) 58,000) was detected. This alpha-D-galactoside-specific lectin agglutinated preferentially human B red blood cells at pH 5.0. Another lectin specific for alpha-L-rhamnoside (M(r) 40,000) not retained on the immobilised galactose was purified by affinity chromatography on alpha-L-rhamnosyl substituted agarose-A4. This L-rhamnoside-specific lectin preferentially agglutinated horse erythrocytes. On the basis of their M(r) and on their sugar specificity, these two lectins are novel lectins with regard to the known sugar-binding proteins present in the Rhizobiaceae family: Agrobacterium, Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Kang
- Glycobiologie, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 du CNRS, Orléans, France
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Lefevre C, Kang HC, Haugland RP, Malekzadeh N, Arttamangkul S, Haugland RP. Texas Res-X and rhodamine Red-X, new derivatives of sulforhodamine 101 and lissamine rhodamine B with improved labeling and fluorescence properties. Bioconjug Chem 1996; 7:482-9. [PMID: 8853462 DOI: 10.1021/bc960034p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Texas Red sulfonyl chloride (TR-SC) and Lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride (LRB-SC) are popular dyes often used to prepare red fluorescent conjugates that are useful second labels in combination with fluorescein. Unfortunately, being sulfonyl chloride derivatives, both are unstable to moisture during storage and prone to hydrolysis in the conjugation reaction. Their instability causes the percentage of reactive dye to vary from lot to lot and requires use of low temperatures and a relatively high pH to optimize conjugation efficiency. Succinimidyl esters of the aminohexanoic acid sulfonamides of both dyes have been prepared, which are designated Texas Red-X succinimidyl ester (TR-X-SE) and Rhodamine Red-X succinimidyl ester, respectively. Their spectral properties are similar to those of their sulfonyl chloride analogs; moreover, incorporation of the succinimidyl ester at the end of the aliphatic chain spacer facilitates conjugation, decreases precipitation of proteins during conjugation and storage, and usually increases the fluorescence yield of the conjugate. Comparison of the rate of hydrolysis of TR-SC with that of TR-X-SE shows that, while the former was completely hydrolyzed within 5 min by exposure to water, TR-X-SE retains most of its reactivity for more than an hour. The reactivity of both new derivatives is high between pH 7.5 and 8.5, allowing conjugation of proteins that do not tolerate the high pH required for reaction with sulfonyl chlorides. In addition, Texas Red maleimides and haloacetamides containing spacer groups were prepared for labeling sulfhydryl groups. A Texas Red-X derivative of phalloidin has also been prepared, and its use for labeling F-actin has been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lefevre
- Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, Oregon 97402, USA
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Deng Y, Bennink JR, Kang HC, Haugland RP, Yewdell JW. Fluorescent conjugates of brefeldin A selectively stain the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of living cells. J Histochem Cytochem 1995; 43:907-15. [PMID: 7543914 DOI: 10.1177/43.9.7543914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) interferes with vesicular trafficking in most animal cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of BFA action, we esterified it to the fluorophore, boron dipyromethene difluoride (BODIPY). BODIPY-BEA localized predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex of viable cells and was extracted by detergent treatment, suggesting it interacts primarily with lipid bilayers. The localization of the conjugate is conferred by BFA, since free BODIPY or BODIPY esterified to cyclopentanol did not specifically localize to internal membranes. BODIPY-BFA exhibited a similar biological activity to BFA, but only when used at higher concentrations and after a delay. HPLC analysis revealed that over this period, cells converted BODIPY-BFA to species co-eluting with free BODIPY and BFA. Therefore, BODIPY-BFA is probably inactive until BFA is released by cellular esterases. The specific localization of BODIPY-BFA to the ER and Golgi complex suggests that BFA might exert its effects on vesicular trafficking by perturbing the lipid bilayer of its target organelles. Because BODIPY-BFA intensely stains the ER at concentrations that have no discernible effects on intracellular transport or other cellular functions, it should be useful for visualizing the ER in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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45
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Lefevre CK, Singer VL, Kang HC, Haugland RP. Quantitative nonradioactive CAT assays using fluorescent BODIPY 1-deoxychloramphenicol substrates. Biotechniques 1995; 19:488-93. [PMID: 7495564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development of fluorescent BODIPY 1-deoxychloramphenicol substrates for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). These substrates not only simplify and improve quantitation of CAT activity but also extend the linear range of detection. Because the 1-deoxychloramphenicol derivatives have only one acetylation site, the enzyme reaction creates only one product, whereas chloramphenicol and its fluorescent derivatives produce three acetylated products, each of which accumulates at a different rate. Thus, 1-deoxychloramphenicol substrates eliminate the need to account for multiple products and provide a method in which product formation corresponds directly to enzyme activity. These nonradioactive substrates also allow researchers to streamline the standard thin-layer chromatography separation procedure: visible results can be obtained within minutes and quantitative results in a few hours. The sensitivity of CAT assays using fluorescent 1-deoxychloramphenicol substrates is comparable to that achieved using [14C]chloramphenicol--between 10(-5) and 10(-6) units of activity in a 1-h reaction--and the linear range extends through 3.6 or more orders of magnitude. We expect that CAT assays employing BODIPY 1-deoxychloramphenicol CAT substrates will be a valuable improvement over other methods currently in use.
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Barsony J, Renyi I, McKoy W, Kang HC, Haugland RP, Smith CL. Development of a biologically active fluorescent-labeled calcitriol and its use to study hormone binding to the vitamin D receptor. Anal Biochem 1995; 229:68-79. [PMID: 8533897 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To gain better insight into the mechanism of steroid receptor activation and calcitriol action, we have developed the first pharmacologically relevant fluorescent-labeled ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Purity and structure of three BODIPY-labeled calcitriol derivatives were characterized by TLC, HPLC, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 3 beta-BODIPY-calcitriol was the most potent derivative to induce 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity and to inhibit cell proliferation. It was taken up rapidly and specifically and was not cleaved by endogenous esterases. 3 beta-BODIPY-calcitriol also retained high-affinity binding to the VDR. Hormone binding to the receptor was measured by spectrofluorometry in high-salt extracts from cultured cells with wild-type VDR, from cells virally over-expressing the human VDR, and in intact cells with and without VDR. Results from fluorescent binding studies agreed with results from radioligand assays. The most useful feature of this reagent is that its fluorescence emission increases severalfold upon binding to VDR. This allows direct monitoring by microscopy of ligand receptor interactions in living cells. Fluorescent-labeled calcitriol can be a valuable diagnostic tool for cancer research and is essential for exploring the subcellular localization of VDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barsony
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0850, USA
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Berger W, Prinz H, Striessnig J, Kang HC, Haugland R, Glossmann H. Complex molecular mechanism for dihydropyridine binding to L-type Ca(2+)-channels as revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Biochemistry 1994; 33:11875-83. [PMID: 7918406 DOI: 10.1021/bi00205a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed binding-induced changes in the fluorescence properties of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP), DMBODIPY-DHP [(-)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-trifluromethylphenyl)- 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 2-[4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-3- (s-indacene)propionylamino]ethylethyl ester)], to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of DHPs with the alpha 1-subunit of skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channels. The quantum yield of the fluorophore DMBODIPY was similar in solvents of different polarity. In contrast, the quantum yield of DMBODIPY-DHP was low in buffer but increased with solvent polarity and upon specific binding. This indicates the existence of binding-induced changes of intramolecular quenching of the fluorophore by the DHP moiety. Specific ligand binding also induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between one or more tryptophanes of the channel protein and the DMBODIPY-DHP fluorophore. The specific FRET signal was successfully used to directly measure DHP binding at high time resolution. It revealed complex association and dissociation kinetics of DMBODIPY-DHP although no site heterogeneity was detected in equilibrium experiments. We therefore fitted our data to a binding scheme considering one or more intermediate conformational states for the formation of the ligand-receptor complex. Such a step-wise binding mechanism explains previously observed differences in the binding site densities and the kinetic constants determined for different DHPs using conventional binding (for example filtration) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Berger
- Institut für Biochemische Pharmakologie, University of Innsburck, Austria
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Kang HC, Weinberg WH. Structure of a Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction interface. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 48:3464-3469. [PMID: 9961004 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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49
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Kang HC, Weinberg WH. Roughening of chemically reacting interfaces. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 47:1604-1609. [PMID: 9960182 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.47.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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Knaus HG, Moshammer T, Friedrich K, Kang HC, Haugland RP, Glossman H. In vivo labeling of L-type Ca2+ channels by fluorescent dihydropyridines: evidence for a functional, extracellular heparin-binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:3586-90. [PMID: 1314393 PMCID: PMC48913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized fluorescently labeled dihydropyridines (DHPs) as probes for L-type Ca2+ channels. Racemic as well as (+)- and (-)-1,4-dihydro- 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,5-pyridinecarboxylic acid 2-(aminoethyl)ethyl ester hydrochlorides were coupled to boron dipyrromethane (Bodipy) derivatives. (4,4-Difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza)-3- (s-indacene)propionic acid (DMBodipy)-DHP and (4,4-difluoro-7-styryl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza)-3-(s-indacene+ ++)propionic acid (STBodipy)-DHP have Kd values in the nanomolar range for membrane-bound or partially purified skeletal muscle and for neuronal L-type Ca2+ channels. (-)- and (+)-STBodipy-DHPs block 45Ca2+ uptake through L-type Ca2+ channels into GH3 cells with IC50 values of 14.8 and 562 nM, respectively. The measurement of bound fluorescence after removal of free DMBodipy-DHP with charcoal shows that the probes can substitute for radioactive ligands to study the properties (equilibrium binding, kinetics, allosteric regulation) of partially purified L-type Ca2+ channels from skeletal muscle. L-type Ca2+ channels on GH3 cells were steroselectively visualized by using the optical enantiomers of STBodipy-DHP. Heparin inhibited GH3 cell labeling by (-)-STBodipy-DHP with an IC50 value of 9.7 micrograms/ml and blocked L-type Ca(2+)-channel-mediated 45Ca2+ uptake with an IC50 value of 32 micrograms/ml. These findings argue for an extracellular orientation of the heparin-binding domain of the Ca2+ channel that is coupled to the DHP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Knaus
- Institut für Biochemische Pharmakologie, Innsbruck, Austria
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