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Jin H, Cheng L, Gong Y, Zhu Y, Chong H, Zhang Z, He Y. Design of a bifunctional pan-sarbecovirus entry inhibitor targeting the cell receptor and viral fusion protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0019223. [PMID: 37578234 PMCID: PMC10506475 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00192-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of highly effective antivirals that are robust to viral evolution is a practical strategy for combating the continuously evolved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Inspired by viral multistep entry process, we here focus on developing a bispecific SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor, which acts on the cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and viral S2 fusion protein. First, we identified a panel of diverse spike (S) receptor-binding domains (RBDs) and found that the RBD derived from Guangdong pangolin coronavirus (PCoV-GD) possessed the most potent antiviral potency. Next, we created a bispecific inhibitor termed RBD-IPB01 by genetically linking a peptide fusion inhibitor IPB01 to the C-terminal of PCoV-GD RBD, which exhibited greatly increased antiviral potency via cell membrane ACE2 anchoring. Promisingly, RBD-IPB01 had a uniformly bifunctional inhibition on divergent pseudo- and authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants, including multiple Omicron subvariants. RBD-IPB01 also showed consistently cross-inhibition of other sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV, PCoV-GD, and Guangxi pangolin coronavirus (PCoV-GX). RBD-IPB01 displayed low cytotoxicity, high trypsin resistance, and favorable metabolic stability. Combined, our studies have provided a tantalizing insight into the design of broad-spectrum and potent antiviral agent. IMPORTANCE Ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution and spillover potential of a wide variety of sarbecovirus lineages indicate the importance of developing highly effective antivirals with broad capability. By directing host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor and viral S2 fusion protein, we have created a dual-targeted virus entry inhibitor with high antiviral potency and breadth. The inhibitor receptor-binding domain (RBD)-IPB01 with the Guangdong pangolin coronavirus (PCoV-GD) spike RBD and a fusion inhibitor IPB01 displays bifunctional cross-inhibitions on pseudo- and authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron, as well as on the sarbecoviruses SARS-CoV, PCoV-GD, and Guangxi pangolin coronavirus. RBD-IPB01 also efficiently inhibits diverse SARS-CoV-2 infection of human Calu-3 cells and blocks viral S-mediated cell-cell fusion with a dual function. Thus, the creation of such a bifunctional inhibitor with pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing capability has not only provided a potential weapon to combat future SARS-CoV-2 variants or yet-to-emerge zoonotic sarbecovirus, but also verified a viable strategy for the designing of antivirals against infection of other enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yani Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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He L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Chong H, Hu X, Li D, Xing H, He Y, Shao Y, Hong K, Ma L. Broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity and high drug resistance barrier of lipopeptide HIV fusion inhibitor LP-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199938. [PMID: 37256122 PMCID: PMC10225588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptide-19, a HIV fusion inhibitor (LP-19), has showed potent anti-HIV activity. However, there is still limited information of the antiviral activity against different subtype clinical isolates and the drug resistance barrier of LP-19. Therefore, 47 HIV clinical isolates were selected for this study. The viral features were identified, in which 43 strains are CCR5 tropisms, and 4 strains are CCR5/CXCR4 tropisms, and there are 6 subtype B', 15 CRF01_AE, 14 CRF07_BC, 2 CRF08_BC and 10 URF strains. These 47 viruses were used to detected and analyze the inhibitory activities of LP-19. The results showed that the average 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of LP-19 were 0.50 nM and 1.88 nM, respectively. The average IC50 of LP-19 to B', CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and URF strains was 0.76 nM, 0.29 nM, 0.38 nM, 0.85 nM, and 0.44 nM, respectively. C34 and Enfuvirtide (T-20), two fusion inhibitors, were compared on the corresponding strains simultaneously. The antiviral activity of LP-19 was 16.7-fold and 86-fold higher than that of C34 and T-20. The antiviral activity of LP-19, C34, and T-20 were further detected and showed IC50 was 0.15 nM, 1.02 nM, and 66.19 nM, respectively. IC50 of LP-19 was about 7-fold and 441-fold higher compared to C34 and T-20 against HIV-1 NL4-3 strains. NL4-3 strains were exposed to increasing concentrations of LP-19 and C34 in MT-2 cell culture. The culture virus was sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that A243V mutation site identified at weeks 28, 32, 38, and 39 of the cell culture in the gp41 CP (cytoplasmic domain) region. NL4-3/A243V viruses containing A243V mutation were constructed. Comparing the antiviral activities of LP-19 against HIV NL4-3 to HIV strains (only 1.3-fold), HIV did not show drug resistance when LP-19 reached 512-fold of the initial concentration under the drug pressure for 39 weeks. This study suggests that LP-19 has broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity, and high drug resistance barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kunxue Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Liu N, Chong H, He Y. Potent inhibition of diverse Omicron sublineages by SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105445. [PMID: 36265805 PMCID: PMC9574594 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have posed a great challenge to the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, calling for antivirals that can overcome viral evasion. We recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides, IPB02V3 and IPB24, possessed the potent activities against divergent VOCs, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and the initial Omicron strain (B.1.1.529); however, multiple Omicron sublineages have emerged and BA.4/5 is now becoming predominant globally. In this study, we focused on characterizing the functionality of the spike (S) proteins derived from Omicron sublineages and their susceptibility to the inhibition of IPB02V3 and IPB24. We first found that the S proteins of BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/5 exhibited significantly increased cell fusion capacities compared to BA.1, whereas the pseudoviruses of BA.2.12.1, BA.3, and BA.4/5 had significantly increased infectivity relative to BA.1 or BA.2. Next, we verified that IPB02V3 and IPB24 also maintained their very high potent activities in inhibiting diverse Omicron sublineages, even with enhanced potencies relative to the inhibition on ancestral virus. Moreover, we demonstrated that evolved Omicron mutations in the inhibitor-binding heptad repeat 1 (HR1) site could impair the S protein-driven cell fusogenicity and infectivity, but none of single or combined mutations affected the antiviral activity of IPB02V3 and IPB24. Therefore, we believe that viral fusion inhibitors possess high potential to be developed as effective drugs for fighting SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Nian Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Wu T, Zhu Y, Liu N, Hu Y, Chong H, He Y. Resistance profile and mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 variants to LCB1 inhibitor targeting the spike receptor-binding motif. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022006. [PMID: 36304946 PMCID: PMC9593036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LCB1 is a 56-mer miniprotein computationally designed to target the spike (S) receptor-binding motif of SARS-CoV-2 with potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities (Cao et al., 2020; Case et al., 2021). However, the rapid emergence and epidemic of viral variants have greatly impacted the effectiveness of S protein-targeting vaccines and antivirals. In this study, we chemically synthesized a peptide-based LCB1 inhibitor and characterized the resistance profile and underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Among five variants of concern (VOCs), we found that pseudoviruses of Beta, Gamma, and Omicron were highly resistant to the LCB1 inhibition, whereas the pseudoviruses of Alpha and Delta as well as the variant of interest (VOI) Lambda only caused mild resistance. By generating a group of mutant viruses carrying single or combination mutations, we verified that K417N and N501Y substitutions in RBD critically determined the high resistance phenotype of VOCs. Furthermore, a large panel of 85 pseudoviruses with naturally occurring RBD point-mutations were generated and applied to LCB1, which identified that E406Q, K417N, and L455F conferred high-levels of resistance, when Y505W caused a ∼6-fold resistance fold-change. We also showed that the resistance mutations could greatly weaken the binding affinity of LCB1 to RBD and thus attenuated its blocking capacity on the interaction between RBD and the cell receptor ACE2. In conclusion, our data have provided crucial information for understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 resistance to LCB1 and will guide the design strategy of novel LCB1-based antivirals against divergent VOCs and evolutionary mutants.
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Zhu Y, Dong X, Liu N, Wu T, Chong H, Lei X, Ren L, Wang J, He Y. SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides maintain high potency against divergent variants of concern (VOCs) including Omicron. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1819-1827. [PMID: 35786417 PMCID: PMC9310806 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2098060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other variants of concern (VOCs) has brought huge challenges to control the COVID-19 pandemic, calling for urgent development of effective vaccines and therapeutic drugs. In this study, we focused on characterizing the impacts of divergent VOCs on the antiviral activity of lipopeptide-based fusion inhibitors that we previously developed. First, we found that pseudoviruses bearing the S proteins of five VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) and one variant of interest (Lambda) exhibited greatly decreased infectivity relative to the wild-type (WT) strain or single D614G mutant, especially the Omicron pseudovirus. Differently, the most of variants exhibited an S protein with significantly enhanced cell fusion activity, whereas the S protein of Omicron still mediated decreased cell–cell fusion. Next, we verified that two lipopeptide-based fusion inhibitors, IPB02V3 and IPB24, maintained the highly potent activities in inhibiting various S proteins-driven cell fusion and pseudovirus infection. Surprisingly, both IPB02V3 and IPB24 lipopeptides displayed greatly increased potencies against the infection of authentic Omicron strain relative to the WT virus. The results suggest that Omicron variant evolves with a reduced cell fusion capacity and is more sensitive to the inhibition of fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides; thus, IPB02V3 and IPB24 can be further developed as potent, broad-spectrum antivirals for combating Omicron and the potential future outbreak of other emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Nian Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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6
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Yan H, Wu T, Chen Y, Jin H, Li L, Zhu Y, Chong H, He Y. Design of a Bispecific HIV Entry Inhibitor Targeting the Cell Receptor CD4 and Viral Fusion Protein Gp41. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:916487. [PMID: 35711654 PMCID: PMC9197378 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.916487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high variability and drug-resistance problem by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the development of bispecific or multi-specific inhibitors targeting different steps of HIV entry is highly appreciated. We previously generated a very potent short-peptide-based HIV fusion inhibitor 2P23. In this study, we designed and characterized a bifunctional inhibitor termed 2P23-iMab by genetically conjugating 2P23 to the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of ibalizumab (iMab), a newly approved antibody drug targeting the cell receptor CD4. As anticipated, 2P23-iMab could bind to the cell membrane through CD4 anchoring and inhibit HIV-1 infection as well as viral Env-mediated cell-cell fusion efficiently. When tested against a large panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses with different subtypes and phenotypes, 2P23-iMab exhibited dramatically improved inhibitory activity than the parental inhibitors; especially, it potently inhibited the viruses not being susceptible to iMab. Moreover, 2P23-iMab had a dramatically increased potency in inhibiting two panels of HIV-1 mutants that are resistant to T-20 or 2P23 and the infections of HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In conclusion, our studies have provided new insights into the design of novel bispecific HIV entry inhibitors with highly potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hu Y, Yu W, Geng X, Zhu Y, Chong H, He Y. In Vitro Selection and Characterization of HIV-1 Variants with Increased Resistance to LP-40, Enfuvirtide-Based Lipopeptide Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126638. [PMID: 35743078 PMCID: PMC9223764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, we replaced the TRM (tryptophan-rich motif) of T20 (Enfuvirtide) with fatty acid (C16) to obtain the novel lipopeptide LP-40, and LP-40 displayed enhanced antiviral activity. In this study, we investigated whether the C16 modification could enhance the high-resistance barrier of the inhibitor LP-40. To address this question, we performed an in vitro simultaneous screening of HIV-1NL4-3 resistance to T20 and LP-40. The mechanism of drug resistance for HIV-1 Env was further studied using the expression and processing of the Env glycoprotein, the effect of the Env mutation on the entry and fusion ability of the virus, and an analysis of changes to the gp41 core structure. The results indicate that the LP-40 activity is enhanced and that it has a high resistance barrier. In a detailed analysis of the resistance sites, we found that mutations in L33S conferred a stronger resistance, except for the well-recognized mutations in amino acids 36–45 of gp41 NHR, which reduced the inhibitory activity of the CHR-derived peptides. The compensatory mutation of eight amino acids in the CHR region (NDQEEDYN) plays an important role in drug resistance. LP-40 and T20 have similar resistance mutation sites, and we speculate that the same resistance profile may arise if LP-40 is used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.H.); (W.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenjiang Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.H.); (W.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiuzhu Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.H.); (W.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.H.); (W.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.H.); (W.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.H.); (W.Y.); (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (Y.H.)
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Dhingra M, Chong H, Shyamsundar S. 139 Absence of Coding in an Outpatient Paediatric Orthopaedic Department – Where Does the Money Go? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Paediatric orthopaedics conditions are often managed in the outpatient department (OPD) setting. Due to the lack of official coding for these minor procedures in our OPD, the hospital receives neither financial benefit nor evidence for a formal auditing process. With the Paediatric Get It Right First Time (GIRFT) report underway, we have looked at building a coding pathway for paediatric interventions in our OPD.
Method
The number of paediatric orthopaedic interventions were collated and grouped in a 6-month period, and a clinical outcome form was created accordingly. After consulting with the coding department, a cost analysis of prospective earnings was conducted, as well as comparisons to current standard tariff rates for OPD attendance.
Results
From January 2021 to June 2021, 100 interventions were performed in our OPD with the breakdown of: 21 clubfoot serial casting, 70 serial casting for pathology such as tip toe walkers, 6 Botox injections in spastic contracture limbs and 3 Pavlik harnesses for developmental dysplasia of the hip. With the assistance of coding department, a new paediatric procedural coding form was created with 14 relevant interventions listed. A loss of £6110 was calculated due to tariff rates being solely attendance based compared to interventional based.
Conclusions
Paediatric orthopaedic OPD should have clinical coding outcomes in place for each intervention that is performed to ensure that the hospital trust receives appropriate financial commission as well as ensure a formal audit trial can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dhingra
- Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, United Kingdom
| | - H. Chong
- Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, United Kingdom
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Xue J, Chong H, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Tong L, Lu J, Chen T, Cong Z, Wei Q, He Y. Efficient treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in rhesus macaques by an HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide. Cell 2021; 185:131-144.e18. [PMID: 34919814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides (LP-97 and LP-98) were designed with highly potent, long-acting antiviral activity. Monotherapy using a low dose of LP-98 sharply reduced viral loads and maintained long-term viral suppression in 21 SHIVSF162P3-infected rhesus macaques. We found that five treated monkeys achieved potential posttreatment control (PTC) efficacy and had lower viral DNA in deep lymph nodes, whereas monkeys with a stable viral rebound had higher viral DNA in superficial lymph nodes. The tissues of PTC monkeys exhibited significantly decreased quantitative viral outgrowth and fewer PD-1+ central memory CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells contributed to virologic control efficacy. Moreover, LP-98 administrated as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provided complete protection against SHIVSF162P3 and SIVmac239 infections in 51 monkeys via intrarectal, intravaginal, or intravenous challenge. In conclusion, our lipopeptides exhibit high potential as an efficient HIV treatment or prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ling Tong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiahan Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ting Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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10
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Yu D, Zhu Y, Jiao T, Wu T, Xiao X, Qin B, Chong H, Lei X, Ren L, Cui S, Wang J, He Y. Structure-based design and characterization of novel fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1227-1240. [PMID: 34057039 PMCID: PMC8216258 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1937329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has severely impacted the global public health and socio-economic stability, calling for effective vaccines and therapeutics. In this study, we continued our efforts to develop more efficient SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors and achieved significant findings. First, we found that the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) sequence of SARS-CoV-2 spike fusion protein plays a critical role in viral infectivity and can serve as an ideal template for design of fusion-inhibitory peptides. Second, a panel of novel lipopeptides was generated with greatly improved activity in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 fusion and infection. Third, we showed that the new inhibitors maintained the potent inhibitory activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including those with the major mutations of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 strains circulating in the United Kingdom and South Africa, respectively. Fourth, the new inhibitors also cross-inhibited other human CoVs, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63. Fifth, the structural properties of the new inhibitors were characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and crystallographic approach, which revealed the mechanisms underlying the high binding and inhibition. Combined, our studies provide important information for understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 fusion and a framework for the development of peptide therapeutics for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Chen Y, Jin H, Tang X, Li L, Geng X, Zhu Y, Chong H, He Y. Cell membrane-anchored anti-HIV single-chain antibodies and bifunctional inhibitors targeting the gp41 fusion protein: new strategies for HIV gene therapy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 11:30-49. [PMID: 34821542 PMCID: PMC8735881 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2011616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that infusion of HIV-resistant cells could be an effective strategy to achieve a sterilizing or functional cure. We recently reported that glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored nanobody or a fusion inhibitory peptide can render modified cells resistant to HIV-1 infection. In this study, we comprehensively characterized a panel of newly isolated HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies as GPI-anchored inhibitors. Fusion genes encoding the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of 3BNC117, N6, PGT126, PGT128, 10E8, or 35O22 were constructed with a self-inactivating lentiviral vector, and they were efficiently expressed in the lipid raft sites of target cell membrane without affecting the expression of HIV-1 receptors (CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4). Significantly, transduced cells exhibited various degrees of resistance to cell-free HIV-1 infection and cell-associated HIV-1 transmission, as well as viral Env-mediated cell–cell fusion, with the cells modified by GPI-10E8 showing the most potent and broad anti-HIV activity. In mechanism, GPI-10E8 also interfered with the processing of viral Env in transduced cells and attenuated the infectivity of progeny viruses. By genetically linking 10E8 with a fusion inhibitor peptide, we subsequently designed a group of eight bifunctional constructs as cell membrane-based inhibitors, designated CMI01∼CMI08, which rendered cells completely resistant to HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In human CD4+ T cells, GPI-10E8 and its bifunctional derivatives blocked both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 isolates efficiently, and the modified cells displayed robust survival selection under HIV-1 infection. Therefore, our studies provide new strategies for generating HIV-resistant cells, which can be used alone or with other gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhu Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Eddens T, Mack M, McCormick M, Chong H, Kalpatthi R. A042 TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY: INCIDENCE, UTILIZATION, HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION, AND MORTALITY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Zhu Y, Yu D, Hu Y, Wu T, Chong H, He Y. SARS-CoV-2-derived fusion inhibitor lipopeptides exhibit highly potent and broad-spectrum activity against divergent human coronaviruses. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:294. [PMID: 34344868 PMCID: PMC8330190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danwei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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14
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Yu D, Zhu Y, Yan H, Wu T, Chong H, He Y. Pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors possess potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:810-821. [PMID: 33847245 PMCID: PMC8812798 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1917309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
EK1 peptide is a membrane fusion inhibitor with broad-spectrum activity against human coronaviruses (CoVs). In the outbreak of COVID-19, we generated a lipopeptide EK1V1 by modifying EK1 with cholesterol, which exhibited significantly improved antiviral activity. In this study, we surprisingly found that EK1V1 also displayed potent cross-inhibitory activities against divergent HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates. Consistently, the recently reported EK1 derivative EK1C4 and SARS-CoV-2 derived fusion inhibitor lipopeptides (IPB02 ∼ IPB09) also inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and infection efficiently. In the inhibition of a panel of HIV-1 mutants resistant to HIV-1 fusion inhibitors, EK1V1 and IPB02-based inhibitors exhibited significantly decreased or increased activities, suggesting the heptad repeat-1 region (HR1) of HIV-1 gp41 being their target. Furthermore, the sequence alignment and molecular docking analyses verified the target site and revealed the mechanism underlying the resistance. Combined, we conclude that this serendipitous discovery provides a proof-of-concept for a common mechanism of viral fusion and critical information for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Ra AG, Kelly A, Szakacs SM, Chong H, Gordon K. The blister that got out of hand. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:595-598. [PMID: 33427314 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Ra
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - S M Szakacs
- Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Gordon
- Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
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16
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Jin H, Chong H, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Li X, Bazybek N, Wei Y, Gong F, He Y, Ma G. Preparation and evaluation of amphipathic lipopeptide-loaded PLGA microspheres as sustained-release system for AIDS prevention. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:476-484. [PMID: 33204234 PMCID: PMC7645643 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, AIDS drugs are typical inhibitors that cannot achieve permanent effects. Therefore, the research of blocking HIV infection is essential. Especially for people in the high-risk environment, long-term prevention is important, because HIV can easily infect cells once the drug is interrupted. However, there is still no long-acting AIDS prevention drug approved. Hence, the purpose of this study is to prepare a fusion inhibitor loaded poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres as a sustained-release system for long-term AIDS prevention. As the HIV membrane fusion inhibitor (LP-98) used in this research is amphiphilic lipopeptide, W1/O/W2 double-emulsion method was chosen, and premix membrane emulsification technique was used for controlling the uniformity of particle size. Several process parameters that can impact drug loading efficiency were summarized: the concentration of LP-98 and PLGA, and the preparation condition of primary emulsion. Finally, the microspheres with high loading efficiency (>8%) and encapsulation efficiency (>90%) were successfully prepared under optimum conditions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that LP-98-loaded microspheres were capable to continuously release for 24 days in rats. This research can promote the application of sustained-release microspheres in AIDS prevention, and the embedding technique used in this study can also provide references for the loading of other amphipathic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of PathogensInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of PathogensInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Mengqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Nardana Bazybek
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Fangling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of PathogensInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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17
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Zhu Y, Yu D, Han Y, Yan H, Chong H, Ren L, Wang J, Li T, He Y. Cross-reactive neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by serum antibodies from recovered SARS patients and immunized animals. Sci Adv 2020; 6:sciadv.abc9999. [PMID: 33036961 PMCID: PMC7673700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus genetically close to SARS-CoV. To investigate the effects of previous SARS-CoV infection on the ability to recognize and neutralize SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed 20 convalescent serum samples collected from individuals infected with SARS-CoV during the 2003 SARS outbreak. All patient sera reacted strongly with the S1 subunit and receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV; cross-reacted with the S ectodomain, S1, RBD, and S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2; and neutralized both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-driven infections. Analysis of antisera from mice and rabbits immunized with a full-length S and RBD immunogens of SARS-CoV verified cross-reactive neutralization against SARS-CoV-2. A SARS-CoV-derived RBD from palm civets elicited more potent cross-neutralizing responses in immunized animals than the RBD from a human SARS-CoV strain, informing strategies for development of universal vaccines against emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danwei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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18
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Zhou Y, Peng DD, Chong H, Zheng SQ, Zhu F, Wang G. Effect of isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:1342-1349. [PMID: 30779102 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=12), model group (n=12) and isoflurane group (n=12). In model group and isoflurane group, the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established via the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 3 h). In sham group, the left anterior descending coronary artery was not ligated, but the chest was opened and threaded using the same method. After ischemia, the rats in isoflurane group were inhaled with isoflurane. The cardiac function of rats in each group was detected before ischemia (T0) and once every 2 h after reperfusion (T1-T4) for a total of 5 times, and the cardiac function indexes included ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). After the rats were executed, the myocardial infarction tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to observe the morphological changes in tissues and the degrees of myocardial ischemia and infarction. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial cells in the infarction site in each group were detected using the MDA and SOD kits. Moreover, the expression levels of related proteins in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in myocardial cells in the infarction site were detected via Western blotting. RESULTS In model group, the cardiac function was significantly damaged (p<0.01), there was significant pathological damage in the myocardium, the area of myocardial infarction was significantly increased (p<0.01), the MDA content was significantly increased (p<0.01), the SOD activity declined obviously (p<0.01), and the expression levels of p-p38 and p-tau protein were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with those in control group. After intervention with isoflurane, the cardiac function of rats was significantly improved (p<0.01), the pathological damage in myocardial tissues was alleviated, the area of myocardial infarction was reduced (p<0.01), the MDA content declined (p<0.01), the SOD activity was increased (p<0.01), and the expression levels of p-p38 and p-tau protein were decreased (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane can, through inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, effectively protect the cardiac function of rats from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, reduce the area of myocardial infarction, alleviate the pathological damage in myocardial cells and reduce the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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19
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Yu D, Su Y, Ding X, Zhu Y, Qin B, Chong H, Cui S, He Y. Structural and Functional Characterization of the Secondary Mutation N126K Selected by Various HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitors. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030326. [PMID: 32197300 PMCID: PMC7150849 DOI: 10.3390/v12030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) region of HIV-1 gp41 is potent viral membrane fusion inhibitors, such as the first clinically approved peptide drug T20 and a group of newly-designed peptides. The resistance profiles of various HIV-1 fusion inhibitors were previously characterized, and the secondary mutation N126K in the gp41 CHR was routinely identified during the in vitro and in vivo selections. In this study, the functional and structural relevance of the N126K mutation has been characterized from multiple angles. First, we show that a single N126K mutation across several HIV-1 isolates conferred mild to moderate cross-resistances. Second, the N126K mutation exerted different effects on Env-mediated HIV-1 entry and cell-cell fusion. Third, the N126K mutation did not interfere with the expression and processing of viral Env glycoproteins, but it disrupted the Asn126-based glycosylation site in gp41. Fourth, the N126K mutation was verified to enhance the thermal stability of 6-HB conformation. Fifth, we determined the crystal structure of a 6-HB bearing the N126K mutation, which revealed the interhelical and intrahelical interactions underlying the increased thermostability. Therefore, our data provide new information to understand the mechanism of HIV-1 gp41-mediated cell fusion and its resistance mode to viral fusion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Lab Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-67870275
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20
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Witham MD, Band M, Chong H, Donnan PT, Hampson G, Hu MK, Kalra P, Kennedy G, Lamb E, Littleford R, McNamee P, Plews D, Rauchhaus P, Soiza RL, Sumukadas D, Warwick G, Avenell A. 104 Oral Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy for Older Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Low-Grade Acidosis: The BiCARB Randomised Controlled Trial. Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz196.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oral sodium bicarbonate is often used to treat metabolic acidosis in older people with advanced chronic kidney disease, but evidence is lacking on whether this provides a net gain in health or quality of life.
Methods
We conducted a multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Adults aged 60 years and over with category 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease, not on dialysis, with serum bicarbonate concentrations <22 mmol/L were recruited from 27 UK centres. Participants were randomised 1:1 to oral sodium bicarbonate or matching placebo. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery at 12 months, adjusted for baseline. Other key outcome measures included generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life, anthropometry, physical performance, renal function, adverse events including commencement of renal replacement therapy, and health economic analysis.
Results
We randomised 300 participants, mean age 74 years; 86 (29%) were female. Mean baseline estimated GFR was 19 ml/min/1.73m2. Study medication adherence was 73% in both groups. No significant treatment effect was evident for the primary outcome of the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery at 12 months (-0.4 points; 95% CI -0.9 to 0.1, p=0.15). No significant treatment benefit was seen for any of the secondary outcomes. Adverse events were more frequent in the bicarbonate arm (457 versus 400). Time to commencing renal replacement therapy was similar in both groups (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.02, p=0.43). Health economic analysis showed lower quality of life and higher costs in the bicarbonate arm at one year (£1234 vs £807); placebo dominated bicarbonate under all sensitivity analyses for incremental cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions
Oral sodium bicarbonate did not improve a wide range of health measures in this trial, and is unlikely to be cost-effective for use in the UK NHS in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Witham
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M Band
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - H Chong
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P T Donnan
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Hampson
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M K Hu
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P Kalra
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - E Lamb
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R Littleford
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P McNamee
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - D Plews
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P Rauchhaus
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R L Soiza
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - D Sumukadas
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Warwick
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - A Avenell
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
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21
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Wang C, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Chong H, Xing H, Jiang S, Li X, Ma L. Long-Acting HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitory Peptides and their Mechanisms of Action. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090811. [PMID: 31480738 PMCID: PMC6784077 DOI: 10.3390/v11090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of HIV fusion inhibitor, enfuvirtide (T20), was limited mainly because of its short half-life. Here we designed and synthesized two PEGylated C34 peptides, PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34, with the PEG chain length of 2 and 5 kDa, respectively, and evaluated their anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanisms of action. We found that these two PEGylated peptides could bind to the HIV-1 peptide N36 to form high affinity complexes with high α-helicity. The peptides PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34 effectively inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion with an effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of about 36 nM. They also inhibited infection of the laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain NL4-3 with EC50 of about 4-5 nM, and against 47 HIV-1 clinical isolates circulating in China with mean EC50 of PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34 of about 26 nM and 32 nM, respectively. The plasma half-life (t1/2) of PEG2kC34 and PEG5kC34 was 2.6 h and 5.1 h, respectively, and the t1/2 of PEGylated C34 was about 2.4-fold and 4.6-fold longer than C34 (~1.1 h), respectively. These findings suggest that PEGylated C34 with broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity and prolonged half-life can be further developed as a peptide fusion inhibitor-based long-acting anti-HIV drug for clinical use to treat HIV-infected patients who have failed to respond to current anti-retrovirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuihong Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yibo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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22
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Chong H, Xue J, Zhu Y, Cong Z, Chen T, Wei Q, Qin C, He Y. Monotherapy with a low-dose lipopeptide HIV fusion inhibitor maintains long-term viral suppression in rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007552. [PMID: 30716118 PMCID: PMC6375636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) dramatically improves survival of HIV-infected patients, but lifelong treatment can ultimately result in cumulative toxicities and drug resistance, thus necessitating the development of new drugs with significantly improved pharmaceutical profiles. We recently found that the fusion inhibitor T-20 (enfuvirtide)-based lipopeptides possess dramatically increased anti-HIV activity. Herein, a group of novel lipopeptides were designed with different lengths of fatty acids, identifying a stearic acid-modified lipopeptide (LP-80) with the most potent anti-HIV activity. It inhibited a large panel of divergent HIV subtypes with a mean IC50 in the extremely low picomolar range, being > 5,300-fold more active than T-20 and the neutralizing antibody VRC01. It also sustained the potent activity against T-20-resistant mutants and exhibited very high therapeutic selectivity index. Pharmacokinetics of LP-80 in rats and monkeys verified its potent and long-acting anti-HIV activity. In the monkey, subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg LP-80 yielded serum concentrations of 1,147 ng/ml after injection 72 h and 9 ng/ml after injection 168 h (7 days), equivalent to 42,062- and 330-fold higher than the measured IC50 value. In SHIV infected rhesus macaques, a single low-dose LP-80 (3 mg/kg) sharply reduced viral loads to below the limitation of detection, and twice-weekly monotherapy could maintain long-term viral suppression. T-20 is the only clinically approved viral fusion inhibitor, which is used in combination therapy for HIV-1 infection; however, it exhibits relatively low antiviral activity and easily induces drug resistance. Here we report a lipopeptide fusion inhibitor termed LP-80, which exhibits the most potent activity in inhibiting divergent HIV-1 subtypes. Especially, LP-80 has extremely potent and long-acting therapeutic efficacy with very low cytotoxicity, making it an ideal drug candidate for clinical use. Furthermore, LP-80 and its truncated versions can be used as important probes for exploiting the mechanisms of viral fusion and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CQ); (YH)
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CQ); (YH)
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23
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Coffey K, Chong H. IDIOPATHIC HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT TREATED WITH BENRALIZUMAB. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Tang Y, Han Z, Ren H, Guo J, Chong H, Tian Y, Liu K, Xu L. A novel multivalent DNA helix-based inhibitor showed enhanced anti-HIV-1 fusion activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:244-253. [PMID: 30292749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA helix-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors have been discovered as potent drug candidates, but further research is required to enhance their efficiency. The trimeric structure of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein provides a structural basis for multivalent drug design. In this work, a "multi-domain" strategy was adopted for design of an oligodeoxynucleotide with assembly, linkage, and activity domains. Built on the self-assembly of higher-order nucleic acid structure, a novel category of multivalent DNA helix-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitor could be easily obtained by a simple annealing course in solution buffer, with no other chemical synthesis for multivalent connection. An optimized multivalent molecule, M4, showed significantly higher anti-HIV-1 fusion activity than did corresponding monovalent inhibitors. Examination of the underlying mechanism indicated that M4 could interact with HIV-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, thereby inhibiting 6HB formation in the fusion course. M4 also showed anti-RDDP and anti-RNase H activity of reverse transcriptase. Besides, these assembled molecules showed improved in vitro metabolic stability in liver homogenate, kidney homogenate, and rat plasma. Moreover, little acute toxicity was observed. Our findings aid in the structural design and understanding of the mechanisms of DNA helix-based HIV-1 inhibitors. This study also provides a general strategy based on a new structural paradigm for the design of other multivalent nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeye Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongqian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiamei Guo
- Beijing Key laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, , Institute of Materia Medica, , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing 100850, China.
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25
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Yu D, Ding X, Liu Z, Wu X, Zhu Y, Wei H, Chong H, Cui S, He Y. Molecular mechanism of HIV-1 resistance to sifuvirtide, a clinical trial-approved membrane fusion inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12703-12718. [PMID: 29929981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell infection with HIV-1 requires fusion of viral and cell membranes. Sifuvirtide (SFT) is a peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitor approved for phase III clinical trials in China. Here, we focused on characterizing HIV-1 variants highly resistant to SFT to gain insight into the molecular resistance mechanism. Three primary substitutions (V38A, A47I, and Q52R) located at the inhibitor-binding site of HIV-1's envelope protein (Env) and one secondary substitution (N126K) located at the C-terminal heptad repeat region of the viral protein gp41, which is part of the envelope, conferred high SFT resistance and cross-resistance to the anti-HIV-1 drug T20 and the template peptide C34. Interestingly, SFT's resistance profile could be dramatically improved with an M-T hook structure-modified SFT (MTSFT) and with short-peptide inhibitors that mainly target the gp41 pocket (2P23 and its lipid derivative LP-19). We found that the V38A and Q52R substitutions reduce the binding stabilities of SFT, C34, and MTSFT, but they had no effect on the binding of 2P23 and LP-19; in sharp contrast, the A47I substitution enhanced fusion inhibitor binding. Furthermore, the primary resistance substitutions impaired Env-mediated membrane fusion and cell entry and changed the conformation of the gp41 core structure. Importantly, whereas the V38A and Q52R substitutions disrupted the N-terminal helix of gp41, a single A47I substitution greatly enhanced its thermostability. Taken together, our results provide crucial structural insights into the mechanism of HIV-1 resistance to gp41-dependent fusion inhibitors, which may inform the development of additional anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Yu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiyuan Wu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huanmian Wei
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Beijing 100730, China; Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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26
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Mahendran P, Chong H, Akhras V. Multiple perioral homogenous blue macules. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:617-619. [PMID: 29635705 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mahendran
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Akhras
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Zhang X, Zhu Y, Hu H, Zhang S, Wang P, Chong H, He J, Wang X, He Y. Structural Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Short-Peptide HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitors Targeting the Gp41 Pocket. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29535974 PMCID: PMC5834435 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep hydrophobic pocket of HIV-1 gp41 has been considered a drug target, but short-peptides targeting this site usually lack potent antiviral activity. By applying the M-T hook structure, we previously generated highly potent short-peptide fusion inhibitors that specifically targeted the pocket site, such as MT-SC22EK, HP23L, and LP-11. Here, the crystal structures of HP23L and LP-11 bound to the target mimic peptide N36 demonstrated the critical intrahelical and interhelical interactions, especially verifying that the hook-like conformation was finely adopted while the methionine residue was replaced by the oxidation-less prone residue leucine, and that addition of an extra glutamic acid significantly enhanced the binding and inhibitory activities. The structure of HP23L bound to N36 with two mutations (E49K and L57R) revealed the critical residues and motifs mediating drug resistance and provided new insights into the mechanism of action of inhibitors. Therefore, the present data help our understanding for the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of HIV-1 fusion inhibitors and facilitate the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Senyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng He
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian He
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Ding X, Chong H, Cui S, He J, Wang X, He Y. Exceptional potency and structural basis of a T1249-derived lipopeptide fusion inhibitor against HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5323-5334. [PMID: 29425101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enfuvirtide (T20) is the only viral fusion inhibitor approved for clinical use, but it has relatively weak anti-HIV activity and easily induces drug resistance. In succession to T20, T1249 has been designed as a 39-mer peptide composed of amino acid sequences derived from HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV); however, its development has been suspended due to formulation difficulties. We recently developed a T20-based lipopeptide (LP-40) showing greatly improved pharmaceutical properties. Here, we generated a T1249-based lipopeptide, termed LP-46, by replacing its C-terminal tryptophan-rich sequence with fatty acid. As compared with T20, T1249, and LP-40, the truncated LP-46 (31-mer) had dramatically increased activities in inhibiting a large panel of HIV-1 subtypes, with IC50 values approaching low picomolar concentrations. Also, LP-46 was an exceptionally potent inhibitor against HIV-2, SIV, and T20-resistant variants, and it displayed obvious synergistic effects with LP-40. Furthermore, we showed that LP-46 had increased helical stability and binding affinity with the target site. The crystal structure of LP-46 in complex with a target surrogate revealed its critical binding motifs underlying the mechanism of action. Interestingly, it was found that the introduced pocket-binding domain in LP-46 did not interact with the gp41 pocket as expected; instead, it adopted a mode similar to that of LP-40. Therefore, our studies have provided an exceptionally potent and broad fusion inhibitor for developing new anti-HIV drugs, which can also serve as a tool to exploit the mechanisms of viral fusion and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Zhu
- From the MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,the Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- the College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, and
| | - Xiaohui Ding
- From the MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,the Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- From the MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,the Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- From the MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinsheng He
- the College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China, and
| | - Xinquan Wang
- the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxian He
- From the MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, .,the Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Maguire
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - H. Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - R. Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - J. Popoola
- Department of Nephrology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - V. Akhras
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - M. Singh
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
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30
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Denny J, Chong H, Akhras V. Lichen planus in a patient treated with pembrolizumab for metastatic malignant melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:354-356. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Denny
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Hospital; London UK
| | - H. Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology; St George's Hospital; London UK
| | - V. Akhras
- Department of Dermatology; St George's Hospital; London UK
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31
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Jain S, Larkin A, Chong H. OR063 A case of recurrent splenic lesions in a patient with Vici syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Mahendran P, Wee J, Chong H, Natkunarajah J. Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma treated with lenalidomide. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:345-347. [PMID: 29048134 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mahendran
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Wee
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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33
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Sun Y, Qiao Y, Zhu Y, Chong H, He Y. Identification of a novel HIV-1-neutralizing antibody from a CRF07_BC-infected Chinese donor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63047-63063. [PMID: 28968970 PMCID: PMC5609902 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to neutralize a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates is highly important for understanding the immune response of HIV-1 infection and developing vaccines and therapeutics. In this study, we isolated a novel human mAb termed Y498 from a phage display antibody library constructed with the PBMC samples of a CRF07_BC-infected Chinese donor whose sera exhibited broadly neutralizing activity. Y498 cross-reacted with diverse Env antigens and neutralized 30% of 70 tested HIV-1 isolates. It efficiently blocked the binding of soluble CD4 to gp120 and competed with the CD4-binding site (CD4bs)-specific mAbs. By combining molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, the epitope of Y498 was characterized to contain three antigenic sites on gp120, including the CD4 binding loop in C3, the β23 in C4 and the β24-α5 in C5, which overlap the binding sites of CD4 and CD4bs-directed mAbs (b12, VRC01, A16). Therefore, Y498 is a novel neutralizing human mAb targeting a conformation-dependent CD4bs-based epitope, and its isolation and characterization could provide helpful information for elucidating human immune response to HIV-1 infection and designing effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Sun
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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34
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Ferguson L, Chong H, Singh M. Ecthyma gangrenosum without bacteraemia: evidence in favour of a broader definition. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:324-327. [PMID: 28239902 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is often defined as a cutaneous manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia, typically secondary to neutropenia. There is increasing recognition that a broader definition is warranted, as numerous causative organisms and predisposing conditions have been reported. We describe two cases of EG that occurred without bacteraemia. In this atypical subset of cases, the skin is thought to represent the primary inoculation site from which haematogenous spread can occur. The first case occurred in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a rarely reported association. The evidence base guiding clinicians on management of EG is very limited, particularly in relation to patients with HIV, in whom recurrence risk may be higher than normal. Recurrent EG is described in our second case, in an individual with Good syndrome, a rare association of thymoma and immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferguson
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Singh
- Department of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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35
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Dy G, Morrison S, Chong H, Holt S, Vedder N, Joyner B, Friedrich J, Sorensen M. 052 The Current State of Surgical Training in Transgender Care – A National Survey of Urology and Plastic Surgery Residency Programs. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Pesaran T, Karam R, Huether R, Li S, Farber-Katz S, Chamberlin A, Chong H, LaDuca H, Elliott A. Beyond DNA: An Integrated and Functional Approach for Classifying Germline Variants in Breast Cancer Genes. Int J Breast Cancer 2016; 2016:2469523. [PMID: 27822389 PMCID: PMC5086358 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2469523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer is an integral part of individualized care in the new era of precision medicine. The accuracy of an assay is reliant on not only the technology and bioinformatics analysis utilized but also the experience and infrastructure required to correctly classify genetic variants as disease-causing. Interpreting the clinical significance of germline variants identified by hereditary cancer testing is complex and has a significant impact on the management of patients who are at increased cancer risk. In this review we give an overview of our clinical laboratory's integrated approach to variant assessment. We discuss some of the nuances that should be considered in the assessment of genomic variants. In addition, we highlight lines of evidence such as functional assays and structural analysis that can be useful in the assessment of rare and complex variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Pesaran
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - R. Karam
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - R. Huether
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - S. Li
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - S. Farber-Katz
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - A. Chamberlin
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - H. Chong
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - H. LaDuca
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - A. Elliott
- Ambry Genetics Corp., 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
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37
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Mahendran P, Chong H, Gharaie S, Natkunarajah J. Multiple asymptomatic papules. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:823-4. [PMID: 27663166 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mahendran
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - H Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Gharaie
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - J Natkunarajah
- Dermatology Department, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK.
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38
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Liang G, Wang H, Chong H, Cheng S, Jiang X, He Y, Wang C, Liu K. An effective conjugation strategy for designing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7875-82. [PMID: 27454320 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lengthy peptides corresponding to the C-terminal heptad repeat (C-peptides) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 are potent inhibitors against virus-cell fusion. Designing short C-peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors could potentially redress the physicochemical and technical liabilities of a long-peptide therapeutic. However, designing such inhibitors with high potency has been challenging. We generated a conjugated architecture by incorporating small-molecule inhibitors of gp41 into the N-terminus of a panel of truncated C-peptides. Among these small molecule-capped short peptides, the 26-residue peptide Indole-T26 inhibited HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral replication at low nanomolar levels, reaching the potency of the only clinically used 36-residue peptide T20 (enfuvirtide). Collectively, our work opens up a new avenue for developing short peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors, and may have broad applicability to the development of modulators of other class I fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Huixin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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39
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Xu L, Zhang T, Xu X, Chong H, Lai W, Jiang X, Wang C, He Y, Liu K. DNA Triplex-Based Complexes Display Anti-HIV-1-Cell Fusion Activity. Nucleic Acid Ther 2016; 25:219-25. [PMID: 26192705 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2015.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA triplexes with hydrophobic modifications were designed and evaluated for their activity as inhibitors of the cell fusion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Triplex inhibitors displayed low micromolar activities in the cell-cell fusion assay and nanomolar activities in the anti-HIV-1 pseudovirus test. Helix structure and the presence of sufficient numbers of hydrophobic regions were essential for the antifusion activity. Results from native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based inhibitory assay indicated that these triplexes may interact with the primary pocket at the glycoprotein 41 (gp41) N-heptad repeat, thereby inhibiting formation of the HIV-1 gp41 6-helical bundle. Triplex-based complexes may represent a novel category of HIV-1 inhibitors in anti-HIV-1 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- 2 Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Jiang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
| | - Yuxian He
- 2 Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, China
| | - Keliang Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing, China
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40
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Chong H, Qiu Z, Su Y, He Y. The N-Terminal T-T Motif of a Third-Generation HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor Is Not Required for Binding Affinity and Antiviral Activity. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6378-88. [PMID: 26256053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highlighted next-generation HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide 1 is capped by two threonines. Here, we generated peptide 2 by deleting the T-T motif and compared their structural and antiviral properties. Significantly, two peptides showed similar helical and oligomeric states in solution, comparable binding affinities to the target, and no significant difference to inhibit HIV-1 fusion and infection. Also, the T-T motif was not associated with peptide 1 resistant mutations and its deletion did not affect peptide 1 against enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 mutants. The redundancy of the T-T motif was further verified by the model peptide C34 and short peptide inhibitors that mainly target the gp41 pocket, suggesting that the N-terminal T-T motif of peptide 1 could be removed or modified toward the development of new anti-HIV-1 drugs. Consistently, our data have verified that the M-T hook structure rather than the T-T motif is an efficient strategy for short peptide fusion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zonglin Qiu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Su
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , No. 9, Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
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41
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Worsnop F, Chong H, Ostlere L, Natkunarajah J. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients with psoriasis: a coincidence? Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:688-9. [PMID: 25677856 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Worsnop
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, London, UK.
| | - H Chong
- Department of Histopathology, St Georges Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Ostlere
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Natkunarajah
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, London, UK
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42
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Chong H, Yao X, Qiu Z, Sun J, Qiao Y, Zhang M, Wang M, Cui S, He Y. The M-T hook structure increases the potency of HIV-1 fusion inhibitor sifuvirtide and overcomes drug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2759-2769. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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43
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Chong H, Qiu Z, Sun J, Qiao Y, Li X, He Y. Two M-T hook residues greatly improve the antiviral activity and resistance profile of the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor SC29EK. Retrovirology 2014; 11:40. [PMID: 24884671 PMCID: PMC4046051 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) of HIV-1 gp41 such as T20 (Enfuvirtide) and C34 are potent viral fusion inhibitors. We have recently found that two N-terminal residues (Met115 and Thr116) of CHR peptides form a unique M-T hook structure that can greatly enhance the binding and anti-HIV activity of inhibitors. Here, we applied two M-T hook residues to optimize SC29EK, an electrostatically constrained peptide inhibitor with a potent anti-HIV activity. Results The resulting peptide MT-SC29EK showed a dramatically increased binding affinity and could block the six-helical bundle (6-HB) formation more efficiently. As expected, MT-SC29EK potently inhibited HIV-1 entry and infection, especially against those T20- and SC29EK-resistant HIV-1 variants. More importantly, MT-SC29EK and its short form (MT-SC22EK) suffered from the difficulty to induce HIV-1 resistance during the in vitro selection, suggesting their high genetic barriers to the development of resistance. Conclusions Our studies have verified the M-T hook structure as a vital strategy to design novel HIV-1 fusion inhibitors and offered an ideal candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuxian He
- MOH key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P, R, China.
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44
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Wee J, Chong H, Natkunarajah J, Mortimer P, Moosa Y. Familial multiple discoid fibromas: unique histological features and therapeutic response to topical rapamycin. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:177-80. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Chong
- Pathology; St George's Hospital; London SW17 0QT U.K
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45
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Wan C, Sun J, Chen W, Yuan X, Chong H, Prabakaran P, Dimitrov DS, He Y. Epitope mapping of M36, a human antibody domain with potent and broad HIV-1 inhibitory activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66638. [PMID: 23776690 PMCID: PMC3679054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
M36 is the first member of a novel class of potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors based on human engineered antibody domains (eAds). It exhibits broad inhibitory activity suggesting that its CD4-induced epitope is highly conserved. Here, we describe fine mapping of its epitope by using several approaches. First, a panel of mimotopes was affinity-selected from a random peptide library and potential m36-binding residues were computationally predicted. Second, homology modeling of m36 and molecular docking of m36 onto gp120 revealed potentially important residues in gp120-m36 interactions. Third, the predicted contact residues were verified by site-directed mutagenesis. Taken together, m36 epitope comprising three discontinuous sites including six key gp120 residues (Site C1: Thr123 and Pro124; Site C3: Glu370 and Ile371; Site C4: Met426 and Trp427) were identified. In the 3D structure of gp120, the sites C1 and C4 are located in the bridging sheet and the site C3 is within the β15-α3 excursion, which play essential roles for the receptor- and coreceptor-binding and are major targets of neutralizing antibodies. Based on these results we propose a precise localization of the m36 epitope and suggest a mechanism of its broad inhibitory activity which could help in the development of novel HIV-1 therapeutics based on eAds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weizao Chen
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ponraj Prabakaran
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Protein Interactions Group, CCRNP, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research Center, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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46
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Chong H, Yao X, Qiu Z, Sun J, Zhang M, Waltersperger S, Wang M, Liu S, Cui S, He Y. Short‐peptide fusion inhibitors with high potency against wild‐type and enfuvirtide‐resistant HIV‐1. FASEB J 2012; 27:1203-13. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-222547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xue Yao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zonglin Qiu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Sun
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Meng Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | | | - Meitian Wang
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Shan‐Lu Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Sheng Cui
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and AIDS Research CenterInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Wee JS, Moosa Y, Misch K, Chong H, Natkunarajah J. Actinic granuloma: a history of photoexacerbation and the importance of a radial 'three-zone' biopsy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 38:219-21. [PMID: 23020807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Wee
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital, Surrey, UK.
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Chong H, Yao X, Sun J, Qiu Z, Zhang M, Waltersperger S, Wang M, Cui S, He Y. The M-T hook structure is critical for design of HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34558-68. [PMID: 22879603 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CP621-652 is a potent HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat of gp41. We recently identified that its N-terminal residues Met-626 and Thr-627 adopt a unique hook-like structure (termed M-T hook) thus stabilizing the interaction of the inhibitor with the deep pocket on the N-terminal heptad repeat. In this study, we further demonstrated that the M-T hook structure is a key determinant of CP621-652 in terms of its thermostability and anti-HIV activity. To directly define the structure and function of the M-T hook, we generated the peptide MT-C34 by incorporating Met-626 and Thr-627 into the N terminus of the C-terminal heptad repeat-derived peptide C34. The high resolution crystal structure (1.9 Å) of MT-C34 complexed by an N-terminal heptad repeat-derived peptide reveals that the M-T hook conformation is well preserved at the N-terminal extreme of the inhibitor. Strikingly, addition of two hook residues could dramatically enhance the binding affinity and thermostability of 6-helix bundle core. Compared with C34, MT-C34 exhibited significantly increased activity to inhibit HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell fusion (6.6-fold), virus entry (4.5-fold), and replication (6-fold). Mechanistically, MT-C34 had a 10.5-fold higher increase than C34 in blocking 6-helix bundle formation. We further showed that MT-C34 possessed higher potency against T20 (Enfuvirtide, Fuzeon)-resistant HIV-1 variants. Therefore, this study provides convincing data for our proposed concept that the M-T hook structure is critical for designing HIV-1 fusion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
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Yao X, Chong H, Zhang C, Qiu Z, Qin B, Han R, Waltersperger S, Wang M, He Y, Cui S. Structural basis of potent and broad HIV-1 fusion inhibitor CP32M. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26618-29. [PMID: 22679024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.381079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CP32M is a newly designed peptide fusion inhibitor possessing potent anti-HIV activity, especially against T20-resistant HIV-1 strains. In this study, we show that CP32M can efficiently inhibit a large panel of diverse HIV-1 variants, including subtype B', CRF07_BC, and CRF01_AE recombinants and naturally occurring or induced T20-resistant viruses. To elucidate its mechanism of action, we determined the crystal structure of CP32M complexed with its target sequence. Differing from its parental peptide, CP621-652, the (621)VEWNEMT(627) motif of CP32M folds into two α-helix turns at the N terminus of the pocket-binding domain, forming a novel layer in the six-helix bundle structure. Prominently, the residue Asn-624 of the (621)VEWNEMT(627) motif is engaged in the polar interaction with a hydrophilic ridge that borders the hydrophobic pocket on the N-terminal coiled coil. The original inhibitor design of CP32M provides several intra- and salt bridge/hydrogen bond interactions favoring the stability of the helical conformation of CP32M and its interactions with N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) targets. We identified a novel salt bridge between Arg-557 on the NHR and Glu-648 of CP32M that is critical for the binding of CP32M and resistance against the inhibitor. Therefore, our data present important information for developing novel HIV-1 fusion inhibitors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
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Chong H, Yao X, Qiu Z, Qin B, Han R, Waltersperger S, Wang M, Cui S, He Y. Discovery of critical residues for viral entry and inhibition through structural Insight of HIV-1 fusion inhibitor CP621-652. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20281-9. [PMID: 22511760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.354126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The core structure of HIV-1 gp41 is a stable six-helix bundle (6-HB) folded by its trimeric N- and C-terminal heptad repeats (NHR and CHR). We previously identified that the (621)QIWNNMT(627) motif located at the upstream region of gp41 CHR plays critical roles for the stabilization of the 6-HB core and peptide CP621-652 containing this motif is a potent HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, however, the molecular determinants underlying the stability and anti-HIV activity remained elusive. In this study, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of CP621-652 complexed by T21. We find that the (621)QIWNNMT(627) motif does not maintain the α-helical conformation. Instead, residues Met(626) and Thr(627) form a unique hook-like structure (denoted as M-T hook), in which Thr(627) redirects the peptide chain to position Met(626) above the left side of the hydrophobic pocket on the NHR trimer. The side chain of Met(626) caps the hydrophobic pocket, stabilizing the interaction between the pocket and the pocket-binding domain. Our mutagenesis studies demonstrate that mutations of the M-T hook residues could completely abolish HIV-1 Env-mediated cell fusion and virus entry, and significantly destabilize the interaction of NHR and CHR peptides and reduce the anti-HIV activity of CP621-652. Our results identify an unusual structural feature that stabilizes the six-helix bundle, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of HIV-1 fusion and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 9 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100730, China
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