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Richardson TR, Smith B, Malherbe ST, Shaw JA, Noor F, MacDonald C, van der Spuy GD, Stanley K, Carstens A, Fisher TL, van Rensburg I, Flinn M, Snyders C, Johnson I, Fransman B, Dockrell H, Thwaites G, Thuong NTT, Schacht C, Mayanja-Kizza H, Nsereko M, Tjon Kon Fat EM, Corstjens PLAM, Geluk A, Ruhwald M, Penn-Nicholson A, Chegou NN, Sutherland J, Walzl G. Field evaluation of a point-of-care triage test for active tuberculosis (TriageTB). BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:447. [PMID: 37400753 PMCID: PMC10318779 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has called for a non-sputum based triage test to focus TB testing on people with a high likelihood of having active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Various host or pathogen biomarker-based testing devices are in design stage and require validity assessment. Host biomarkers have shown promise to accurately rule out active TB, but further research is required to determine generalisability. The TriageTB diagnostic test study aims to assess the accuracy of diagnostic test candidates, as well as field-test, finalise the design and biomarker signature, and validate a point-of-care multi-biomarker test (MBT). METHODS This observational diagnostic study will evaluate sensitivity and specificity of biomarker-based diagnostic candidates including the MBT and Xpert® TB Fingerstick cartridge compared with a gold-standard composite TB outcome classification defined by symptoms, sputum GeneXpert® Ultra, smear and culture, radiological features, response to TB therapy and presence of an alternative diagnosis. The study will be conducted in research sites in South Africa, Uganda, The Gambia and Vietnam which all have high TB prevalence. The two-phase design allows for finalisation of the MBT in Phase 1 in which candidate host proteins will be evaluated on stored serum from Asia, South Africa and South America and on fingerstick blood from 50 newly recruited participants per site. The MBT test will then be locked down and validated in Phase 2 on 250 participants per site. DISCUSSION By targeting confirmatory TB testing to those with a positive triage test, 75% of negative GXPU may be avoided, thereby reducing diagnostic costs and patient losses during the care cascade. This study builds on previous biomarker research and aims to identify a point-of-care test meeting or exceeding the minimum World Health Organisation target product profile of a 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Streamlining TB testing by identifying individuals with a high likelihood of TB should improve TB resources use and, in so doing, improve TB care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04232618 (clinicaltrials.gov) Date of registration: 16 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Firdows Noor
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Kim Stanley
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Marika Flinn
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Hazel Dockrell
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Morton Ruhwald
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jayne Sutherland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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Childs A, Pereira J, Didier CM, Baksh A, Johnson I, Castro JM, Davidson E, Santra S, Rajaraman S. Plotter Cut Stencil Masks for the Deposition of Organic and Inorganic Materials and a New Rapid, Cost Effective Technique for Antimicrobial Evaluations. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 36677074 PMCID: PMC9864392 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plotter cutters in stencil mask prototyping are underutilized but have several advantages over traditional MEMS techniques. In this paper we investigate the use of a conventional plotter cutter as a highly effective benchtop tool for the rapid prototyping of stencil masks in the sub-250 μm range and characterize patterned layers of organic/inorganic materials. Furthermore, we show a new diagnostic monitoring application for use in healthcare, and a potential replacement of the Standard Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Antibiotic Resistance tests was developed and tested on both Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas alfalfae as pathogens with Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin and Kanamycin. We show that the reduction in area required for the minimum inhibitory concentration tests; allow for three times the number of tests to be performed within the same nutrient agar Petri dish, demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally resulting in correlations of R ≈ 0.96 and 0.985, respectively for both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Childs
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Charles M. Didier
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Aliyah Baksh
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jorge Manrique Castro
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Edwin Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Swaminathan Rajaraman
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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3
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Joy Prabu H, Varghese R, Johnson I, John Sundaram S, Dhayal Raj A, Rajagopal R, Kuppusamy P, Sathya R, Kaviyarasu K. Laser induced plant leaf extract mediated synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and its photocatalytic activity. Environ Res 2022; 212:113295. [PMID: 35452668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles furnished by the green synthesis approach have exhibited fascinating attributes owing to their biocompatibility with biomolecules, and their rapid environmentally friendly synthesis. On copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, a laser induced bio reduction work has been accomplish using Centella asiatica aqueous extract at room temperature is the pioneer in the field. This synthesis technique is easy, fruitful, eco-friendly, and counterfeit for the size-tunable synthesis of diverse shapes of stable copper nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy - Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photodegradation study have astounding properties of regulating the formation, crystalline nature, and morphology of an integrated specimen. Moreover, the obtained copper oxide nanoparticle has the tendency to decrease the absorbance maximum value of methylene blue because of the catalytic activity posed by these nanoparticles on the reduction of methylene blue by Centella asiatica. It has been studied and confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer, and it has been recognised as an electron relay effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Joy Prabu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nanosciences and Applied Thermodynamics, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rintu Varghese
- Department of Physics, Bharata Mata College, Thrikkakara, Kochi, 682021, Kerala, India
| | - I Johnson
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nanosciences and Applied Thermodynamics, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S John Sundaram
- Department of Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, 635601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Dhayal Raj
- Department of Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, 635601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Rengasamy Sathya
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur, 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Kaviyarasu
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, PO Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa.
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Abstract
Constructing bulk graphene materials with well-reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template-based and template-free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo-periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy-related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Han
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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5
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Sinha M, Vivanco HK, Wan C, Siegler MA, Stewart VJ, Pogue EA, Pressley LA, Berry T, Wang Z, Johnson I, Chen M, Tran TT, Phelan WA, McQueen TM. Twisting of 2D Kagomé Sheets in Layered Intermetallics. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:1381-1390. [PMID: 34471681 PMCID: PMC8393211 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical bonding in 2D layered materials and van der Waals solids is central to understanding and harnessing their unique electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal, and superconducting properties. Here, we report the discovery of spontaneous, bidirectional, bilayer twisting (twist angle ∼4.5°) in the metallic kagomé MgCo6Ge6 at T = 100(2) K via X-ray diffraction measurements, enabled by the preparation of single crystals by the Laser Bridgman method. Despite the appearance of static twisting on cooling from T ∼300 to 100 K, no evidence for a phase transition was found in physical property measurements. Combined with the presence of an Einstein phonon mode contribution in the specific heat, this implies that the twisting exists at all temperatures but is thermally fluctuating at room temperature. Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population analysis demonstrates that the cooperative twisting between layers stabilizes the Co-kagomé network when coupled to strongly bonded and rigid (Ge2) dimers that connect adjacent layers. Further modeling of the displacive disorder in the crystal structure shows the presence of a second, Mg-deficient, stacking sequence. This alternative stacking sequence also exhibits interlayer twisting, but with a different pattern, consistent with the change in electron count due to the removal of Mg. Magnetization, resistivity, and low-temperature specific heat measurements are all consistent with a Pauli paramagnetic, strongly correlated metal. Our results provide crucial insight into how chemical concepts lead to interesting electronic structures and behaviors in layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekhola Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hector K. Vivanco
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Veronica J. Stewart
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Pogue
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lucas A. Pressley
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tanya Berry
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thao T. Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - W. Adam Phelan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tyrel M. McQueen
- Department
of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute
for Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Adler C, Ahammed Z, Allgower C, Amonett J, Anderson BD, Anderson M, Averichev GS, Balewski J, Barannikova O, Barnby LS, Baudot J, Bekele S, Belaga VV, Bellwied R, Berger J, Bichsel H, Billmeier A, Bland LC, Blyth CO, Bonner BE, Boucham A, Brandin A, Bravar A, Cadman RV, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cardenas A, Carroll J, Castillo J, Castro M, Cebra D, Chaloupka P, Chattopadhyay S, Chen Y, Chernenko SP, Cherney M, Chikanian A, Choi B, Christie W, Coffin JP, Cormier TM, Cramer JG, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Deng WS, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dietel T, Draper JE, Dunin VB, Dunlop JC, Eckardt V, Efimov LG, Emelianov V, Engelage J, Eppley G, Erazmus B, Fachini P, Faine V, Filimonov K, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flierl D, Foley KJ, Fu J, Gagliardi CA, Gagunashvili N, Gans J, Gaudichet L, Germain M, Geurts F, Ghazikhanian V, Grachov O, Grigoriev V, Guedon M, Gushin E, Hallman TJ, Hardtke D, Harris JW, Henry TW, Heppelmann S, Herston T, Hippolyte B, Hirsch A, Hjort E, Hoffmann GW, Horsley M, Huang HZ, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Ishihara A, Ivanshin YI, Jacobs P, Jacobs WW, Janik M, Johnson I, Jones PG, Judd EG, Kaneta M, Kaplan M, Keane D, Kiryluk J, Kisiel A, Klay J, Klein SR, Klyachko A, Konstantinov AS, Kopytine M, Kotchenda L, Kovalenko AD, Kramer M, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kuhn C, Kulikov AI, Kunde GJ, Kunz CL, Kutuev RK, Kuznetsov AA, Lakehal-Ayat L, Lamont MAC, Landgraf JM, Lange S, Lansdell CP, Lasiuk B, Laue F, Lebedev A, Lednický R, Leontiev VM, LeVine MJ, Li Q, Lindenbaum SJ, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu L, Liu Z, Liu QJ, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, LoCurto G, Long H, Longacre RS, Lopez-Noriega M, Love WA, Ludlam T, Lynn D, Ma J, Ma R, Majka R, Margetis S, Markert C, Martin L, Marx J, Matis HS, Matulenko YA, McShane TS, Meissner F, Melnick Y, Meschanin A, Messer M, Miller ML, Milosevich Z, Minaev NG, Mitchell J, Moiseenko VA, Moore CF, Morozov V, de Moura MM, Munhoz MG, Nelson JM, Nevski P, Niida T, Nikitin VA, Nogach LV, Norman B, Nurushev SB, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Okorokov V, Oldenburg M, Olson D, Paic G, Pandey SU, Panebratsev Y, Panitkin SY, Pavlinov AI, Pawlak T, Perevoztchikov V, Peryt W, Petrov VA, Planinic M, Pluta J, Porile N, Porter J, Poskanzer AM, Potrebenikova E, Prindle D, Pruneau C, Putschke J, Rai G, Rakness G, Ravel O, Ray RL, Razin SV, Reichhold D, Reid JG, Retiere F, Ridiger A, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevski OV, Romero JL, Rose A, Roy C, Rykov V, Sakrejda I, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Saulys AC, Savin I, Schambach J, Scharenberg RP, Schmitz N, Schroeder LS, Schüttauf A, Schweda K, Seger J, Seliverstov D, Seyboth P, Shahaliev E, Shestermanov KE, Shimanskii SS, Shvetcov VS, Skoro G, Smirnov N, Snellings R, Sorensen P, Sowinski J, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stephenson EJ, Stock R, Stolpovsky A, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Struck C, Suaide AAP, Sugarbaker E, Suire C, Šumbera M, Surrow B, Symons TJM, Szanto de Toledo A, Szarwas P, Tai A, Takahashi J, Tang AH, Thomas JH, Thompson M, Tikhomirov V, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tonjes MB, Trainor TA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Trofimov V, Tsai O, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Van Buren G, VanderMolen AM, Vasilevski IM, Vasiliev AN, Vigdor SE, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Ward H, Watson JW, Wells R, Westfall GD, Whitten C, Wieman H, Willson R, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wood J, Xu N, Xu Z, Yakutin AE, Yamamoto E, Yang J, Yepes P, Yurevich VI, Zanevski YV, Zborovský I, Zhang H, Zhang WM, Zoulkarneev R, Zubarev AN. Erratum: Azimuthal Anisotropy of K_{S}^{0} and Λ+Λ[over ¯] Production at Midrapidity from Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=130 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 132301 (2002)]. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:089901. [PMID: 34477449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.089901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.132301.
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Rose L, Mary XA, Johnson I, Srinivasan G, Priya L, Bhagavathsingh J. Polyaza functionalized graphene oxide nanomaterial based sensor for Escherichia coli detection in water matrices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16872. [PMID: 34413450 PMCID: PMC8377045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality is widely discussed owing to its significance in public health due to the inability to access clean water. Waterborne diseases account for the presence of pathogens like Escherichia coli (E. coli) in drinking water in the environmental community. Owing to the rapid increase of such bacterial microorganisms, a cost-effective sensor setup has been developed. Herein, we demonstrate the amine-functionalized graphene oxide (fGO) based 2D nanomaterial used to graft E. coli on its surface. The comparative analysis of the deposition of nanosheets on the glass substrate and PDMS was executed. The impedance variations of GO-based nanosensor at various concentrations of E. coli were performed and their potential difference was recorded. It was observed that the impedance changes inversely with the bacterial concentrations and was fed to the Arduino microcontroller. The experimental setup was standardized for the range of 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz. The obtained analog data was programmed with a microcontroller and the bacterial concentration in colony-forming units was displayed. The real-time analysis showsthe low-level detection of E. coli in aquatic environments. Experiments were conducted using the developed nanosensor to test the efficiency in complex water matrices and whose behavior changes with various physical, chemical, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Rose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - X Anitha Mary
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - I Johnson
- Department of Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Ganesh Srinivasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - Lakshmi Priya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - Jebasingh Bhagavathsingh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India.
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8
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Abstract
The fundamental understanding of sodium storage mechanisms in amorphous carbon is essential to develop high-performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, the intrinsic relation between the structure of amorphous carbon and Na+ storage remains to be debated due to the difficulty in controlling and characterizing the local atomic configurations of amorphous carbon. Here we report quantitative measurements of Na+ storage in a low-temperature dealloyed hard carbon with a tunable local structure from completely disordered micropores to gradually increased graphitic order domains. The structure-capacity-potential correlation not only verifies the disputing "adsorption-intercalation" mechanisms, i.e., Na+ intercalation into local graphitic domains for the low-voltage plateaus and adsorption in fully disordered carbon for the sloping voltage profiles, but also unveils a new mechanism of Na+ adsorption on defective sites of graphitic carbon in the medium-potential sloping region. The quantitative investigations provide essential insights into the reaction mechanisms of Na+ with amorphous carbon for designing advanced sodium-ion battery anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Han
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhen Lu
- Mathematics for Advanced Materials Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Kudo
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Adams J, Adler C, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Amonett J, Anderson BD, Anderson M, Arkhipkin D, Averichev GS, Badyal SK, Balewski J, Barannikova O, Barnby LS, Baudot J, Bekele S, Belaga VV, Bellwied R, Berger J, Bezverkhny BI, Bhardwaj S, Bhaskar P, Bhati AK, Bichsel H, Billmeier A, Bland LC, Blyth CO, Bonner BE, Botje M, Boucham A, Brandin A, Bravar A, Cadman RV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Carroll J, Castillo J, Castro M, Cebra D, Chaloupka P, Chattopadhyay S, Chen HF, Chen Y, Chernenko SP, Cherney M, Chikanian A, Choi B, Christie W, Coffin JP, Cormier TM, Cramer JG, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Das D, Das S, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dietel T, Dong WJ, Dong X, Draper JE, Du F, Dubey AK, Dunin VB, Dunlop JC, Dutta Majumdar MR, Eckardt V, Efimov LG, Emelianov V, Engelage J, Eppley G, Erazmus B, Estienne M, Fachini P, Faine V, Faivre J, Fatemi R, Filimonov K, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flierl D, Foley KJ, Fu J, Gagliardi CA, Gagunashvili N, Gans J, Ganti MS, Gaudichet L, Germain M, Geurts F, Ghazikhanian V, Ghosh P, Gonzalez JE, Grachov O, Grigoriev V, Gronstal S, Grosnick D, Guedon M, Guertin SM, Gupta A, Gushin E, Gutierrez TD, Hallman TJ, Hardtke D, Harris JW, Heinz M, Henry TW, Heppelmann S, Herston T, Hippolyte B, Hirsch A, Hjort E, Hoffmann GW, Horsley M, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Ishihara A, Jacobs P, Jacobs WW, Janik M, Jiang H, Johnson I, Jones PG, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kaneta M, Kaplan M, Keane D, Khodyrev VY, Kiryluk J, Kisiel A, Klay J, Klein SR, Klyachko A, Koetke DD, Kollegger T, Kopytine M, Kotchenda L, Kovalenko AD, Kramer M, Kravtsov P, Kravtsov VI, Krueger K, Kuhn C, Kulikov AI, Kumar A, Kunde GJ, Kunz CL, Kutuev RK, Kuznetsov AA, Lamont MAC, Landgraf JM, Lange S, Lansdell CP, Lasiuk B, Laue F, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednický R, LeVine MJ, Li C, Li Q, Lindenbaum SJ, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu L, Liu Z, Liu QJ, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Long H, Longacre RS, Lopez-Noriega M, Love WA, Ludlam T, Lynn D, Ma J, Ma R, Ma YG, Magestro D, Mahajan S, Mangotra LK, Mahapatra DP, Majka R, Manweiler R, Margetis S, Markert C, Martin L, Marx J, Matis HS, Matulenko YA, McShane TS, Meissner F, Melnick Y, Meschanin A, Messer M, Miller ML, Milosevich Z, Minaev NG, Mironov C, Mishra D, Mitchell J, Mohanty B, Molnar L, Moore CF, Mora-Corral MJ, Morozov DA, Morozov V, de Moura MM, Munhoz MG, Nandi BK, Nayak SK, Nayak TK, Nelson JM, Nevski P, Niida T, Nikitin VA, Nogach LV, Norman B, Nurushev SB, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Okorokov V, Oldenburg M, Olson D, Paic G, Pandey SU, Pal SK, Panebratsev Y, Panitkin SY, Pavlinov AI, Pawlak T, Perevoztchikov V, Perkins C, Peryt W, Petrov VA, Phatak SC, Picha R, Planinic M, Pluta J, Porile N, Porter J, Poskanzer AM, Potekhin M, Potrebenikova E, Potukuchi BVKS, Prindle D, Pruneau C, Putschke J, Rai G, Rakness G, Raniwala R, Raniwala S, Ravel O, Ray RL, Razin SV, Reichhold D, Reid JG, Renault G, Retiere F, Ridiger A, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevski OV, Romero JL, Rose A, Roy C, Ruan LJ, Sahoo R, Sakrejda I, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Savin I, Schambach J, Scharenberg RP, Schmitz N, Schroeder LS, Schweda K, Seger J, Seliverstov D, Seyboth P, Shahaliev E, Shao M, Sharma M, Shestermanov KE, Shimanskii SS, Singaraju RN, Simon F, Skoro G, Smirnov N, Snellings R, Sood G, Sorensen P, Sowinski J, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus S, Stock R, Stolpovsky A, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Struck C, Suaide AAP, Sugarbaker E, Suire C, Šumbera M, Surrow B, Symons TJM, Szanto de Toledo A, Szarwas P, Tai A, Takahashi J, Tang AH, Thein D, Thomas JH, Tikhomirov V, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tonjes MB, Trainor TA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Trivedi MD, Trofimov V, Tsai O, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Van Buren G, VanderMolen AM, Vasiliev AN, Vasiliev M, Vigdor SE, Viyogi YP, Voloshin SA, Waggoner W, Wang F, Wang G, Wang XL, Wang ZM, Ward H, Watson JW, Wells R, Westfall GD, Whitten C, Wieman H, Willson R, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wood J, Wu J, Xu N, Xu Z, Xu ZZ, Yamamoto E, Yepes P, Yurevich VI, Zanevski YV, Zborovský I, Zhang H, Zhang WM, Zhang ZP, Żołnierczuk PA, Zoulkarneev R, Zoulkarneeva J, Zubarev AN. Erratum: Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 062301 (2004)]. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:069901. [PMID: 34420354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.069901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.062301.
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Londono Tobon A, Flores JM, Taylor JH, Johnson I, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Aboiralor O, Avila-Quintero VJ, Bloch MH. Correction to: Racial Implicit Associations in Psychiatric Diagnosis, Treatment, and Compliance Expectations. Acad Psychiatry 2021; 45:533-534. [PMID: 33821450 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Flores
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jerome H Taylor
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia & University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Qiu HJ, Johnson I, Chen L, Cong W, Ito Y, Liu P, Han J, Fujita T, Hirata A, Chen M. Graphene-coated nanoporous nickel towards a metal-catalyzed oxygen evolution reaction. Nanoscale 2021; 13:10916-10924. [PMID: 34128521 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly active electrocatalysts with low costs and long durability for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) is crucial towards the practical implementations of electrocatalytic water-splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Anodized nanostructured 3d transition metals and alloys with the formation of OER-active oxides/hydroxides are known to have high catalytic activity towards OERs but suffer from poor electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability in harsh oxidation environments. Here we report that high OER activity can be achieved from the metallic state of Ni which is passivated by atomically thick graphene in a three-dimensional nanoporous architecture. As a free-standing catalytic anode, the non-oxide transition metal catalyst shows a low OER overpotential, high OER current density and long cycling lifetime in alkaline solutions, benefiting from the high electrical conductivity and low impedance resistance for charge transfer and transport. This study may pave a new way to develop high efficiency transition metal OER catalysts for a wide range of applications in renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Luyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jiuhui Han
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Cheng Y, Wu H, Han J, Zhong S, Huang S, Chu S, Song S, Reddy KM, Wang X, Wu S, Zhuang X, Johnson I, Liu P, Chen M. Atomic Ni and Cu co-anchored 3D nanoporous graphene as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries. Nanoscale 2021; 13:10862-10870. [PMID: 34114571 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly active, cost-effective and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are critically important for renewable energy conversion and storage. Here we report a 3D bicontinuous nitrogen doped nanoporous graphene electrocatalyst co-anchoring with atomically dispersed nickel and copper atoms ((Ni,Cu)-NG) as a highly active single-atom ORR catalyst, fabricated by the combination of chemical vapor deposition and high temperature gas transportation. The resultant (Ni,Cu)-NG exhibits an exceptional ORR activity in alkaline electrolytes, comparable to the Pt-based benchmarks, from the synergistic effect of the CuNx and NiNx complexes. Endowed with high catalytic activity and outstanding durability under harsh electrochemical environments, rechargeable zinc-air batteries using (Ni,Cu)-NG as the cathodes show excellent energy efficiency (voltage gap of 0.74 V), large power density (150.6 mW cm-2 at 250 mA cm-2) and high cycling stability (>500 discharge-charge cycles at 10 mA cm-2). This study may pave an efficient avenue for designing highly durable single-atom ORR catalysts for metal-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Haofei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jiuhui Han
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan and WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Siying Zhong
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Senhe Huang
- The meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangxi Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Kolan Madhav Reddy
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Shaoyi Wu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The meso-Entropy Matter Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Isaac Johnson
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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Londono Tobon A, Flores JM, Taylor JH, Johnson I, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Aboiralor O, Avila-Quintero VJ, Bloch MH. Racial Implicit Associations in Psychiatric Diagnosis, Treatment, and Compliance Expectations. Acad Psychiatry 2021; 45:23-33. [PMID: 33438155 PMCID: PMC7933096 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Racial and ethnic disparities are well documented in psychiatry, yet suboptimal understanding of underlying mechanisms of these disparities undermines diversity, inclusion, and education efforts. Prior research suggests that implicit associations can affect human behavior, which may ultimately influence healthcare disparities. This study investigated whether racial implicit associations exist among medical students and psychiatric physicians and whether race/ethnicity, training level, age, and gender predicted racial implicit associations. METHODS Participants completed online demographic questions and 3 race Implicit Association Tests (IATs) related to psychiatric diagnosis (psychosis vs. mood disorders), patient compliance (compliance vs. non-compliance), and psychiatric medications (antipsychotics vs. antidepressants). Linear and logistic regression models were used to identify demographic predictors of racial implicit associations. RESULTS The authors analyzed data from 294 medical students and psychiatric physicians. Participants were more likely to pair faces of Black individuals with words related to psychotic disorders (as opposed to mood disorders), non-compliance (as opposed to compliance), and antipsychotic medications (as opposed to antidepressant medications). Among participants, self-reported White race and higher level of training were the strongest predictors of associating faces of Black individuals with psychotic disorders, even after adjusting for participant's age. CONCLUSIONS Racial implicit associations were measurable among medical students and psychiatric physicians. Future research should examine (1) the relationship between implicit associations and clinician behavior and (2) the ability of interventions to reduce racial implicit associations in mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Flores
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jerome H Taylor
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia & University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tanabe Y, Ito Y, Sugawara K, Koshino M, Kimura S, Naito T, Johnson I, Takahashi T, Chen M. Dirac Fermion Kinetics in 3D Curved Graphene. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2005838. [PMID: 33118240 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
3D integration of graphene has attracted attention for realizing carbon-based electronic devices. While the 3D integration can amplify various excellent properties of graphene, the influence of 3D curved surfaces on the fundamental physical properties of graphene has not been clarified. The electronic properties of 3D nanoporous graphene with a curvature radius down to 25-50 nm are systematically investigated and the ambipolar electronic states of Dirac fermions are essentially preserved in the 3D graphene nanoarchitectures, while the 3D curvature can effectively suppress the slope of the linear density of states of Dirac fermion near the Fermi level are demonstrated. Importantly, the 3D curvature can be utilized to tune the back-scattering-suppressed electrical transport of Dirac fermions and enhance both electron localization and electron-electron interaction. As a result, nanoscale curvature provides a new degree of freedom to manipulate 3D graphene electrical properties, which may pave a new way to design new 3D graphene devices with preserved 2D electronic properties and novel functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tanabe
- Department of Applied Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sugawara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mikito Koshino
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoya Naito
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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Martino D, Johnson I, Leckman JF. What Does Immunology Have to Do With Normal Brain Development and the Pathophysiology Underlying Tourette Syndrome and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders? Front Neurol 2020; 11:567407. [PMID: 33041996 PMCID: PMC7525089 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.567407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this article is to review the past decade's literature and provide a critical commentary on the involvement of immunological mechanisms in normal brain development, as well as its role in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome, other Chronic tic disorders (CTD), and related neuropsychiatric disorders including Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: We conducted a literature search using the Medline/PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases to locate relevant articles and abstracts published between 2009 and 2020, using a comprehensive list of search terms related to immune mechanisms and the diseases of interest, including both clinical and animal model studies. Results: The cellular and molecular processes that constitute our "immune system" are crucial to normal brain development and the formation and maintenance of neural circuits. It is also increasingly evident that innate and adaptive systemic immune pathways, as well as neuroinflammatory mechanisms, play an important role in the pathobiology of at least a subset of individuals with Tourette syndrome and related neuropsychiatric disorders In the conceptual framework of the holobiont theory, emerging evidence points also to the importance of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" in the pathobiology of these neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions: Neural development is an enormously complex and dynamic process. Immunological pathways are implicated in several early neurodevelopmental processes including the formation and refinement of neural circuits. Hyper-reactivity of systemic immune pathways and neuroinflammation may contribute to the natural fluctuations of the core behavioral features of CTD, OCD, and ADHD. There is still limited knowledge of the efficacy of direct and indirect (i.e., through environmental modifications) immune-modulatory interventions in the treatment of these disorders. Future research also needs to focus on the key molecular pathways through which dysbiosis of different tissue microbiota influence neuroimmune interactions in these disorders, and how microbiota modification could modify their natural history. It is also possible that valid biomarkers will emerge that will guide a more personalized approach to the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Swick C, Yagi K, Christopher C, Bouchard J, Rohlf J, Conyers N, San A, Saelee T, Barnett R, Gault P, Johnson I, Kearney K, Kwon J, Pope S, Wong C, Hagobian T. Effects Of Combined Rhodiola And Cordyceps On VO 2 Max, Blood Glucose, And Lactate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683516.14200.da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kalamandeen M, Gloor E, Johnson I, Agard S, Katow M, Vanbrooke A, Ashley D, Batterman SA, Ziv G, Holder‐Collins K, Phillips OL, Brondizio ES, Vieira I, Galbraith D. Limited biomass recovery from gold mining in Amazonian forests. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Living with Lakes Centre Laurentian University Sudbury ON Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ashley
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Ancon Panama
| | - Guy Ziv
- School of Geography University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | | | | | - Ima Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Belém Brazil
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Wang Z, Luo R, Johnson I, Kashani H, Chen M. Inlaid ReS 2 Quantum Dots in Monolayer MoS 2. ACS Nano 2020; 14:899-906. [PMID: 31825587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are prospective materials for quantum devices owing to their inherent 2D confinements. They also provide a platform to realize even lower-dimensional in-plane electron confinement, for example, 0D quantum dots, for exotic physical properties. However, fabrication of such laterally confined monolayer (1L) nanostructure in 1L crystals remains challenging. Here we report the realization of 1L ReS2 quantum dots epitaxially inlaid in 1L MoS2 by a two-step chemical vapor deposition method combining with plasma treatment. The lateral lattice mismatch between ReS2 and MoS2 leads to size-dependent crystal structure evolution and in-plane straining of the 1L ReS2 quantum dots. Optical spectroscopies reveal the abnormal charge transfer between the 1L ReS2 quantum dots and the MoS2 matrix, resulting from electron trapping in the 1L ReS2 quantum dots. This study may shed light on the development of in-plane quantum-confined devices in 2D materials for potential applications in quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Ruichun Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Hamzeh Kashani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
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Adye T, Bockelman B, Ellis K, Freyermuth O, Furano F, Ganis G, Hanushevsky A, Ito H, Johnson I, Keeble O, Litvintsev D, Manzi A, Millar P, Mkrtchyan T, Patargias G, Rossi A, Severini H, Simon M, Sindrilaru E, Yang W. XRootD Third Party Copy for the WLCG and HLLHC. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024504034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Third Party Copy (TPC) mechanism has existed in the pure XRootD storage environment for many years. However, using the XRootD TPC in the WLCG environment presents additional challenges due to the diversity of the storage systems involved such as EOS, dCache, DPM and ECHO, requiring that we carefully navigate the unique constraints imposed by these storage systems and their site-specific environments through customized configuration and software development. To support multitenant setups seen at many WLCG sites, X509 based authentication and authorization in XRootD was significantly improved to meet both security and functionality requirements. This paper presents architecture of the pull based TPC with optional X509 credential delegation, and how it is implemented in native XRootD and dCache. The paper discusses technical requirements, challenges, design choices and implementation details in the WLCG storage systems, as well as in FTS/gfal2. It also outlines XRootD’s plan to support newer TPC and security models such as token based authorization.
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Bishr M, Nicholson E, Durie E, Potter M, Ethell M, Anthias C, Messiou C, Johnson I, Eagle S, Ingram W, Saran F, Mandeville H. PO-0869 Reducing pulmonary and renal toxicity in children receiving TBI with forward planned IMRT. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kelkar A, Johnson I. Resonance frequency analysis in bone-anchored hearing aids: Patient demographics and an approach to assess implant stability. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1361-1363. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kelkar
- Department of ENT; Freeman Hospital; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - I. Johnson
- Department of ENT; Freeman Hospital; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Monaghan N, Karki A, Playle R, Johnson I, Morgan M. Measuring oral health impact among care home residents in Wales. Community Dent Health 2017; 34:14-18. [PMID: 28561552 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_3950morgan05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore inequalities in oral health impact among care home residents using OHIP-14 and ADHS criteria. Basic research design Cross-sectional survey with structured interview and clinical examination using 2009 ADHS criteria including OHIP-14. Comparisons were made between groups of residents and with findings from the ADHS 2009. Participants Care homes and residents were randomly selected. Those without capacity and non-English/Welsh speakers were excluded. 447 residents answered all OHIP-14 questions and had full oral examination. Main Outcome Measure OHIP-14. Results Reporting of OHIP problems was more common among care home residents compared with older people examined in the ADHS 2009 (50% vs 40%). There was no difference in the mean number of impacts between residents who were: dentate/edentate; denture wearing/non-denture wearing; with/without caries. Residents reporting 'problems and pain in your mouth at the moment', or 'occasional or more frequent dry mouth', more often experienced OHIP-14 impacts. Conclusion Compared with peers living in the community, both dentate and edentate care home residents are more likely to live with one or more impacts. Two simple questions related to 'Any problems and pain in your mouth?' and 'Do you have frequent dry mouth?' may help to target care home residents more likely to experience oral health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Karki
- Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Playle
- Dental Public Health Unit, Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Wales, UK
| | - I Johnson
- Dental Public Health Unit, Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Wales, UK
| | - M Morgan
- Dental Public Health Unit, Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Wales, UK
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Johnson I, Hansen A, Bi P. The challenges of implementing an integrated One Health surveillance system in Australia. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e229-e236. [PMID: 29226606 PMCID: PMC7165821 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As 75 per cent of emerging infectious diseases are of animal origin, a One Health approach that integrates the health of humans, animals and the environment could provide an earlier opportunity for zoonotic disease detection and prevention. In Australia, human, animal and ecological health are managed by separate sectors with limited communication. This study aims to explore how professionals in these fields perceive a One Health approach to zoonotic disease surveillance, aiming to identify the challenges to the implementation of an integrated system in Australia. Using a qualitative research method, ten semistructured interviews were conducted with academic experts to gain insight into the possibility of developing an integrated surveillance system in Australia. A thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. Findings showed the absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health act as a barrier to interdisciplinary collaboration, and that siloed approaches by different sectors restrict the ability for professionals to work collaboratively across disciplines. An understanding of disease transmission was considered by participants to be a necessary requirement for a successful One Health approach. Finally, participants considered political will an essential requirement for the integration of surveillance systems. This study demonstrates that for a One Health approach to be implemented in an Australian setting, those working in the fields of human, animal and ecological health must agree on several aspects. The establishment of a formal governance body with representatives from each sector could assist in overcoming long‐standing barriers of privacy and distrust. Further, developing interdisciplinary training in One Health concepts for medical, environmental and veterinary students may encourage cross‐disciplinary collaboration. Finally, demonstrating to policymakers the economic benefit of improved and timely detection of zoonoses may help in facilitating a structured One Health approach to disease surveillance in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johnson
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Hansen
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Davis AK, Coogler B, Johnson I. The Heartrate Reaction to Acute Stress in Horned Passalus Beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) is Negatively Affected by a Naturally-Occurring Nematode Parasite. Insects 2017; 8:insects8040110. [PMID: 29057831 PMCID: PMC5746793 DOI: 10.3390/insects8040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There are many events in the lives of insects where rapid, effective stress reactions are needed, including fighting conspecifics to defend territories, evading predators, and responding to wounds. A key element of the stress reaction is elevation of heartrate (HR), for enhancing distribution of blood (hemolymph) to body compartments. We conducted two experiments designed to improve understanding of the insect stress reaction and how it is influenced by parasitism in a common beetle species (Odontotaenius disjunctus). By non-destructively observing heartbeat frequency before, during and after applying a stressor (physical restraint) for 10 min, we sought to determine: (1) the exact timing of the cardiac stress reaction; (2) the magnitude of heartrate elevation during stress; and (3) if the physiological response is affected by a naturally-occurring nematode parasite, Chondronema passali. Restraint caused a dramatic increase in heartrate, though not immediately; maximum HR was reached after approximately 8 min. Average heartrate went from 65.5 beats/min to a maximum of 81.5 (24.5% increase) in adults raised in the lab (n = 19). Using wild-caught adults (n = 77), average heartrates went from 54.9 beats/min to 74.2 (35.5% increase). When restraint was removed, HR declined after ~5 min, and reached baseline 50 min later. The nematode parasite did not affect baseline heartrates in either experiment, but in one, it retarded the heartrate elevation during stress, and in the other, it reduced the overall magnitude of the elevation. While we acknowledge that our results are based on comparisons of beetles with naturally-occurring parasite infections, these results indicate this parasite causes a modest reduction in host cardiac output during acute stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Davis
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Brandon Coogler
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Varghese R, Jose S, Joyprabu H, Johnson I. Ultrasonication Assisted Production of Biodiesel from Sunflower Oil by Using CuO: Mg Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/225/1/012213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Cunningham IM, Johnson I, Lynch CD. Implementing peer review of teaching: a guide for dental educators. Br Dent J 2017; 222:535-540. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Time estimation and need for achievement were used to predict typing skills. Unlike a previous study time estimation did not predict performance but there was a significant relationship between achievement motivation for adolescents and learning to type. Some reasons for these results were suggested.
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Joy Prabu H, Johnson I. Plant-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by leaf extracts of Tragia involucrata, Cymbopogon citronella, Solanum verbascifolium and Tylophora ovata. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Nefzi R, Abid Y, Ouanes S, Johnson I, Ghachem R. Lithium Associated Hyperthyroidism. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)31234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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30
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Johnson I, Prabu HJ. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by leaf extracts of Cycas circinalis, Ficus amplissima, Commelina benghalensis and Lippia nodiflora. Int Nano Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-014-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Quarterman C, Shaw M, Johnson I, Agarwal S. Intra‐ and inter‐centre standardisation of thromboelastography (TEG
®
). Anaesthesia 2014; 69:883-90. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Quarterman
- Department of Anaesthesia Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - M. Shaw
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - I. Johnson
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - S. Agarwal
- Department of Anaesthesia Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
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Idris LO, Richardson V, Johnson I, Sobrany G, Babu KS. M16 Staff-Patient perception of discomfort with fibre-optic bronchoscopy-Is there a correlation? Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outreach teaching is delivered as part of the undergraduate curricula of many dental schools. Evaluations of outreach in primary care settings have found learning opportunities beyond those available in the dental school setting, but less is known about secondary care placements. The aim of this evaluation was to assess dental students' experiences of an undergraduate outreach placement in secondary care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Questionnaire survey based on a single cohort of final-year undergraduate dental students at Cardiff University who had completed a 1-week outreach secondment to a District General Hospital. RESULTS Fifty-five of the 57 eligible students completed the questionnaire. Outreach placements in secondary care were experienced to provide positive additional educational benefit and were considered to be worthwhile by many (but not all) students. Clinical opportunities and staff teaching varied by site. DISCUSSION In the current programme, the variability of student experience during secondments to secondary care means that some students report more benefit than others. However, even apparently negative experiences, such as cancelled operating lists, can contribute to the overall outcome in that they accurately reflect the reality of hospital practice. CONCLUSION Careful management of secondary care undergraduate secondments is needed to ensure worthwhile learning experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johnson
- Applied Clinical and Public Health Research, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Johnson I, Bergamaschi A, Buitenhuis J, Dinapoli R, Greiffenberg D, Henrich B, Ikonen T, Meier G, Menzel A, Mozzanica A, Radicci V, Satapathy DK, Schmitt B, Shi X. Capturing dynamics with Eiger, a fast-framing X-ray detector. J Synchrotron Radiat 2012; 19:1001-5. [PMID: 23093761 PMCID: PMC3480275 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512035972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eiger is the next-generation single-photon-counting pixel detector following the widely used Pilatus detector. Its smaller pixel size of 75 µm × 75 µm, higher frame rate of up to 22 kHz, and practically zero dead-time (~4 µs) between exposures will further various measurement methods at synchrotron sources. In this article Eiger's suitability for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is demonstrated. By exploiting its high frame rate, complementary small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and XPCS data are collected in parallel to determine both the structure factor and collective diffusion coefficient of a nano-colloid suspension. For the first time, correlation times on the submillisecond time scale are accessible with a large-area pixel detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johnson
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Abstract
No markers of quality of perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), to complement rewarming rate, maximum temperature on rewarming, lowest haematocrit, and blood glucose, exist. Using the electronic acquisition of blood pressure on bypass (JOCAP system), the percentage of time perfusion pressure was below 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mmHg, average deviance, confidence interval, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, and average, maximum and cumulative oxygen debt were calculated. Numerous different readouts of achievement of maintenance of constant pressure on bypass and oxygen debt are now easily achievable with perfusion electronic data management systems. Mean, median, and mode offer poor discrimination of pressure control during CPB. Percentage of time perfusion pressure was below 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mmHg, average deviance, confidence interval, and standard deviation all have discriminatory power, but need clinical correlation for their significance. A composite score involving non-pressure readouts (e.g. oxygen delivery, arterial and venous saturations, and flow rates) may need to be integrated into any perfusion quality marker. Assessment of adequacy of constant perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery may allow the scientific evaluation of pressure and oxygen delivery on bypass for patients to be compared accurately. Currently, in studies involving CPB, blood pressure targets are stated with no quantitative assessment of adequacy of achievement of these targets. Electronic data monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass, when correlated with clinical outcome, may help to provide a marker of quality of perfusion pressure during CPB and may, indeed, allow patient-specific perfusion pressure strategies to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Poullis
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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36
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Schubert A, Bergamaschi A, David C, Dinapoli R, Elbracht-Leong S, Gorelick S, Graafsma H, Henrich B, Johnson I, Lohmann M, Mozzanica A, Radicci V, Rassool R, Schädler L, Schmitt B, Shi X, Sobott B. Micrometre resolution of a charge integrating microstrip detector with single photon sensitivity. J Synchrotron Radiat 2012; 19:359-65. [PMID: 22514170 PMCID: PMC3408957 DOI: 10.1107/s090904951200235x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A synchrotron beam has been used to test the spatial resolution of a single-photon-resolving integrating readout-chip coupled to a 320 µm-thick silicon strip sensor with a dedicated readout system. Charge interpolation methods have yielded a spatial resolution of σ(x) ≃ 1.8 µm for a 20 µm-pitch strip.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schubert
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Triki R, Hajeri S, Johnson I, Cherif W, Tabbane K. P-1319 - Prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia: a retrospective tunisian study. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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38
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Jayaprakasan K, Hopkisson J, Campbell B, Johnson I, Thornton J, Raine-Fenning N. A randomised controlled trial of 300 versus 225 IU recombinant FSH for ovarian stimulation in predicted normal responders by antral follicle count. BJOG 2010; 117:853-62. [PMID: 20353458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that among women predicted to have a normal ovarian response, ovarian stimulation using 300 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) results in the retrieval of more mature oocytes than 225 IU during in vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. DESIGN Prospective randomised controlled study. SETTING University-based assisted conception unit. POPULATION A cohort of 131 women predicted to have a normal ovarian response to gonadotrophin stimulation, based on antral follicle count. METHODS Subjects undergoing their first cycle of IVF/ICSI were randomised to receive a fixed daily dose of 300 (experimental arm) or 225 IU (control arm) of recombinant FSH (Gonal-F). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of mature oocytes retrieved and live birth rates. RESULTS The number (mean +/- standard deviation) of mature oocytes retrieved (8.2 +/- 5.0 versus 9.0 +/- 4.8, for 300 and 225 IU, respectively; P = 0.34) was similar in each group. There were no differences between the 300- and 225 IU arms in live birth rates (31 versus 41%, respectively; P = 0.25), cycle cancellations resulting from insufficient ovarian response (0 versus 6.1%, respectively; P = 0.12), and prevalence of moderate (3.1 versus 3.0, respectively; P = 1.0) and severe (0 versus 1.5%, respectively; P = 1.0) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The use of a higher daily dose of 300 IU of recombinant FSH for ovarian stimulation does not improve the number of mature oocytes retrieved, or live birth rates, among women with a predicted normal response during conventional IVF/ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jayaprakasan
- Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction, Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Bolle E, Braem A, Casella C, Chesi E, Clinthorne N, Cochran E, De Leo R, Dissertori G, Djambazov L, Honscheid K, Huh S, Johnson I, Joram C, Kagan H, Lacasta C, Lustermann W, Meddi F, Nappi E, Nessi-Tedaldi F, Oliver J, Pauss F, Rafecas M, Renker D, Rudge A, Schinzel D, Schneider T, Séguinot J, Smith S, Solevi P, Stapnes S, Vilardi I, Weilhammer P. Development of a High Precision Axial 3-D PET for Brain Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Lam P, Johnson I, Raine-Fenning N. Endometrial blood flow is impaired in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome who are clinically hyperandrogenic. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34:326-334. [PMID: 19676066 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify endometrial and subendometrial blood flow in Caucasian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to determine whether these values differ according to the phenotypic expression of PCOS. METHODS Transvaginal pelvic ultrasound was performed on the 3(rd)-5(th) day of the menstrual cycle in 36 women with PCOS and 36 controls to examine the endometrial and subendometrial vascularity. The subendometrial and endometrial blood flow indices (vascularizaton index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI)) were measured using three-dimensional power Doppler angiography. Uterine artery blood flow was assessed through analysis of two-dimensional (2D) pulsed-wave Doppler waveforms. Analysis was performed to compare PCOS with non-PCOS women, and subgroup analysis was performed of the PCOS women categorized according to their phenotypic manifestation. RESULTS There were no significant differences in endometrial volume, subendometrial vascularity and uterine artery blood flow between women with PCOS and controls after controlling for body mass index (BMI). On subgroup analysis, compared with anovulatory but clinically normoandrogenic women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) and with controls, women with PCO who were both clinically hyperandrogenic and anovulatory had significantly lower endometrial (VI: 0.57% vs. 1.11% and 0.86%, respectively, both P = 0.01; VFI: 0.14 vs. 0.42 and 0.28, respectively, both P = 0.02) and subendometrial (VI: 1.59% vs. 3.17% and 2.47%, P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively; VFI: 0.50 vs. 1.67 and 0.96, P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) blood flow. Moreover, clinically hyperandrogenic but ovulatory women with PCO also had significantly lower endometrial blood flow (VI: 0.52% vs. 1.11%, P = 0.04) than did anovulatory but clinically normoandrogenic women with PCO. There were no differences in any of the 2D pulsed-wave Doppler measures of blood flow between the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Subendometrial and endometrial blood flow is significantly impaired in women with PCOS who have clinical signs of hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lam
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kraft P, Bergamaschi A, Broennimann C, Dinapoli R, Eikenberry EF, Henrich B, Johnson I, Mozzanica A, Schlepütz CM, Willmott PR, Schmitt B. Performance of single-photon-counting PILATUS detector modules. J Synchrotron Radiat 2009; 16:368-75. [PMID: 19395800 PMCID: PMC2678015 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509009911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PILATUS is a silicon hybrid pixel detector system, operating in single-photon-counting mode, that has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut for the needs of macromolecular crystallography at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). A calibrated PILATUS module has been characterized with monochromatic synchrotron radiation. The influence of charge sharing on the count rate and the overall energy resolution of the detector were investigated. The dead-time of the system was determined using the attenuated direct synchrotron beam. A single module detector was also tested in surface diffraction experiments at the SLS, whereby its performance regarding fluorescence suppression and saturation tolerance were evaluated, and have shown to greatly improve the sensitivity, reliability and speed of surface diffraction data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kraft
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Crabtree B, Dempsey P, Johnson I, Whitehead M. The development of an ecological approach to manage the pollution risk from highway runoff. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:549-555. [PMID: 19214010 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the UK, the Highways Agency is responsible for operating, maintaining and improving the strategic road network in England. One focus of the Highways Agency's ongoing research into the nature and impact of highway runoff is aimed at ensuring that the Highways Agency will meet the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. A research programme, undertaken in partnership with the Environment Agency, is in progress to develop a better understanding of pollutants in highway runoff and their ecological impact. The paper presents the outcome of a study to: (1) monitor pollutants in highway runoff under different climate and traffic conditions; (2) develop standards to assess potential ecological risks from soluble pollutants in highway runoff; and (3) develop a model to predict pollutant concentrations in highway runoff. The model has been embedded in a design tool incorporating risk assessment procedures and receiving water standards for soluble and insoluble pollutants--the latter has been developed elsewhere in another project within the research programme. The design tool will be used to support improved guidance on where, and to what level, treatment of runoff is required for highway designers to manage the risk of ecological impact from highway runoff.
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Johnson I, Sadygov Z, Bunk O, Menzel A, Pfeiffer F, Renker D. A Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode array for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2009; 16:105-109. [PMID: 19096181 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049508034365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) provides an opportunity to study the dynamics of systems by measuring the temporal fluctuations in a far-field diffraction pattern. A two-dimensional detector system has been developed to investigate fluctuations in the frequency range of several Hz to kHz. The X-ray detector system consists of a thin 100 microm scintillation crystal coupled to a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode array. In this article the elements of the system are detailed and the detector for XPCS measurements is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johnson
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Raine-Fenning N, Jayaprakasan K, Clewes J, Joergner I, Bonaki SD, Chamberlain S, Devlin L, Priddle H, Johnson I. SonoAVC: a novel method of automatic volume calculation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 31:691-696. [PMID: 18484679 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of the new software SonoAVC to measure follicular volume and to compare these volume calculations with those made by conventional methods. METHODS Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging was used to acquire volumetric data from the ovaries of 51 women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation as part of in-vitro fertilization treatment. All assessments were performed on the day of oocyte retrieval and the true volume of each follicle was ascertained by manual measurement of the follicular aspirate. SonoAVC was used to automatically measure the volume of follicles and to provide three perpendicular diameters (xyz diameters), which were used to estimate volume using the sphere formula. The sphere formula was also used to estimate the volume from manual measurements of follicle diameter derived from conventional two-dimensional (2D) displays. Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) was also used to measure volume, and the validity of each technique was compared using limits of agreement. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-four follicles with a mean follicular volume of 3.7 (range, 0.4-16.2) cm(3) were studied. SonoAVC provided highly accurate automatic follicular volume measurements in all cases. Volume estimations made from the automatic maximal follicular diameter measurements (xyz diameters) were less valid. VOCAL proved highly valid but was less accurate than SonoAVC. Volumes estimated from manually derived follicular diameter measurements were the least accurate. CONCLUSIONS SonoAVC provides highly valid, automatic measurements of follicular volume. These measurements are more accurate than volumes estimated from 2D manual measurements, automated measurements of follicular diameter and those calculated using VOCAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raine-Fenning
- School of Human Development, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Johnson I, Jefimovs K, Bunk O, David C, Dierolf M, Gray J, Renker D, Pfeiffer F. Coherent diffractive imaging using phase front modifications. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:155503. [PMID: 18518122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.155503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a coherent diffractive imaging technique that utilizes multiple exposures with modifications to the phase profile of the transmitted wave front to compensate for the missing phase information. This is a single spot technique sensitive to both the transmission and phase shift through the sample. Along with the details of the method, we present results from the first proof of principle experiment. The experiment was performed with 6.0 keV x rays, in which an estimated spatial resolution of 200 nm was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johnson
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Sutherland-Stacey L, Corrie S, Neethling A, Johnson I, Gutierrez O, Dexter R, Yuan Z, Keller J, Hamilton G. Continuous measurement of dissolved sulfide in sewer systems. Water Sci Technol 2008; 57:375-381. [PMID: 18309215 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfides are particularly problematic in the sewage industry. Hydrogen sulfide causes corrosion of concrete infrastructure, is dangerous at high concentrations and is foul smelling at low concentrations. Despite the importance of sulfide monitoring there is no commercially available system to quantify sulfide in waste water. In this article we report on our use of an in situ spectrometer to quantify bisulfide in waste water and additional analysis with a pH probe to calculate total dissolved sulfide. Our results show it is possible to use existing commercially available and field proven sensors to measure sulfide to mg/l levels continuously with little operator intervention and no sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sutherland-Stacey
- Physics Department, University of Auckland, Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Crabtree B, Dempsey P, Johnson I, Whitehead M. The development of a risk-based approach to managing the ecological impact of pollutants in highway runoff. Water Sci Technol 2008; 57:1595-1600. [PMID: 18520017 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the UK, the Highways Agency is responsible for the strategic road network. It is recognised that current design guidance to control pollutants in highway runoff is out of date. A research programme is in progress to develop a better understanding of pollutants in highway runoff and their ecological impact. The paper summarises the outcome of a study to: (1) monitor pollutants in highway runoff under different climate and traffic conditions at 24 sites; (2) develop standards to assess potential ecological risks; and (3) develop a model to predict pollutant concentrations in highway runoff. Data collection and analysis of the resulting data have identified a link between pollutant concentrations and traffic density. A number of pollutants routinely present in highway runoff have been identified as posing the greatest ecological risk. Ecologically based standards for acute impacts have been derived for the soluble form of these pollutants. These standards will be used in conjunction with the model to indicate where runoff treatment may be required to mitigate ecological risk. The model and standards will be used to develop improved design guidance to protect receiving waters from pollutants in highway runoff by identifying where runoff treatment is required, and to what degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Crabtree
- WRc plc, Frankland Road, Swindon, SN5 8YF, UK.
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Johnson I. Adverse effects of spinal manipulation. J R Soc Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.100.10.444-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a distressing weight loss syndrome commonly seen in advanced cancer patients. It is associated with reduced quality of life and shorter survival time. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid found naturally in some fish which has been used to decrease weight loss, promote weight gain and increase survival times in patients affected with cancer cachexia. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of EPA in relieving symptoms associated with the cachexia syndrome in patients with advanced cancer. SEARCH STRATEGY Studies were sought through an extensive search of a range of electronic databases. Hand searching was conducted on selected journals and reference lists as well as contact made with investigators, manufacturers and experts. The most recent electronic search was conducted in February 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included in the review if they assessed oral EPA compared with placebo or control in randomised controlled trials of patients with advanced cancer and either a clinical diagnosis of cachexia or self-reported weight loss of 5% or more. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both methodological quality evaluation of potential trials and data extraction were conducted by two independent review authors. MAIN RESULTS Five trials (involving 587 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Three trials compared EPA at different doses with placebo with two outcomes, nutritional status and adverse events comparable across two of the three included trials. In addition, two trials compared different doses of EPA with an active matched control. It was possible to compare the outcomes of weight, quality of life and adverse events across these two trials. There were insufficient data to define the optimal dose of EPA. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There were insufficient data to establish whether oral EPA was better than placebo. Comparisons of EPA combined with a protein energy supplementation versus a protein energy supplementation (without EPA) in the presence of an appetite stimulant (Megestrol Acetate) provided no evidence that EPA improves symptoms associated with the cachexia syndrome often seen in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dewey
- University of Portsmouth, School of Health Sciences & Social Work, James Watson Hall (West), 2 King Richard 1st Road, Portsmouth, UK, PO1 2FR.
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Rodenburg JM, Hurst AC, Cullis AG, Dobson BR, Pfeiffer F, Bunk O, David C, Jefimovs K, Johnson I. Hard-x-ray lensless imaging of extended objects. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:034801. [PMID: 17358687 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a hard-x-ray microscope that does not use a lens and is not limited to a small field of view or an object of finite size. The method does not suffer any of the physical constraints, convergence problems, or defocus ambiguities that often arise in conventional phase-retrieval diffractive imaging techniques. Calculation times are about a thousand times shorter than in current iterative algorithms. We need no a priori knowledge about the object, which can be a transmission function with both modulus and phase components. The technique has revolutionary implications for x-ray imaging of all classes of specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rodenburg
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
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