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van Cappellen SM, Creemers HE, Hoogsteder L, van Horn J, Asscher JJ. The effectiveness of Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy in the treatment of juvenile antisocial behavior: A study protocol of a Multiple Case Experimental Design. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298057. [PMID: 38635676 PMCID: PMC11025772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile antisocial behavior can have long-lasting and devastating effects for juveniles themselves, victims, and society. Evidence-based treatment is vital. Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles showing severe antisocial behavior including aggression, (domestic) violence, and delinquent behavior. FAST has a flexible intensity and length, addresses individual and systemic risk and protective factors, and is responsive to the abilities of the client (system), intervention characteristics all considered crucial for effective treatment. The current study will investigate whether FAST is effective in reducing aggression of the juvenile, reaching client formulated subgoals, and improving family functioning. Processes of change will be examined, as well as mediation by reaching client formulated subgoals and improved family functioning. METHODS A Multiple Case Experimental Design (MCED) with an ABC design will be performed (A = baseline, B = intervention, and C = follow-up). Juveniles with primary aggression and/or anger problems (N = 15) and their caregiver(s) will be recruited. Data collection will consist of self-report questionnaires and case file analysis. Participants fill out frequent short self-report questionnaires (twice a week during phase A, every other week during phase B, and every week during phase C) and two main questionnaires at the start of the intervention and immediately after intervention end, thereby covering a period of 5 to 11 months. Both visual and statistical analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION This study will generate robust knowledge and inform clinical practice on the effectiveness, processes of change, and mediating mechanisms of FAST, aiming to improve the treatment of future families within youth forensic care. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 28/08/2023, protocol ID 60-63600-98-1138a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanneke E. Creemers
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Larissa Hoogsteder
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Outpatient Forensic Mental Health Care Center, De Waag, Utrecht
| | - Joan van Horn
- Outpatient Forensic Mental Health Care Center, De Waag, Utrecht
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Department of Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Van den Akker AL, van Rooij FB, Overbeek G, Asscher JJ. Maternal personality change from pregnancy until 12 months postpartum: Associations with parenting. J Fam Psychol 2024; 38:129-135. [PMID: 37956058 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have shown that personality-as a relatively stable characteristic-is a predictor of parenting behavior, personality changes occur during adulthood. Therefore, we do not know whether previous findings based on personality assessed (long) after the birth of the child indicate that personality as assessed before the child is born predicts behaviors parents eventually display. Possibly, personality changes are additionally predictive for parenting behavior. With this three-wave longitudinal study, we aimed to examine whether mothers' personality change from pregnancy to postpartum predicts maternal parenting behavior above and beyond personality traits as assessed during pregnancy. A sample of 239 pregnant women participated in the study (Mage = 29.95 years, SD = 4.08, range 20-43; 53% primiparous; 95% of Dutch descent). Women reported their big five personality traits during pregnancy (T1), at six- (T2), and 12 months postpartum (T3). At the postpartum assessments, mothers also reported on their affectionate and hostile parenting behavior. Latent Difference Score models indicated that personality at T1 predicted hostile but not affectionate parenting behavior at T2. Changes in personality from T1 to T2 were associated with maternal hostile and affectionate parenting at T2, whereas changes from T2 to T3 were unrelated to parenting. Personality as assessed during pregnancy may thus be helpful in identifying mothers at risk of early hostile parenting behavior. Identifying predictors of personality change may inform preventive efforts aimed at reducing this risk, as personality changes from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum were more predictive of maternal parenting than initial levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floor B van Rooij
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Yield, University of Amsterdam
| | - Geertjan Overbeek
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Yield, University of Amsterdam
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Yield, University of Amsterdam
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Broekhoven JL, van Domburgh L, van Santvoort F, Asscher JJ, Simons I, Blankestein AMMM, Albrecht G, van der Rijken REA, Popma A. Living Situation of Juveniles After Secure Residential Treatment: Exploring the Role of Family Centeredness, Child, and Family Factors. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2023:306624X231206517. [PMID: 37991150 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231206517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
To promote the return of juveniles to a home-like environment (e.g. living with (foster)parents) after secure residential treatment (SRT), it is important to know which factors are related to this outcome. The current study examined which characteristics of the juvenile, family, and SRT, including family centeredness and use of systemic interventions, are related to the living situation after discharge. For 259 juveniles (mean age 15.82 years, 127 girls) in SRT and their parents, questionnaires were administered at admission, discharge, and 6-months follow-up. Furthermore, information about the living situation before and after SRT was gathered. Higher likelihood of living in a home-like setting after SRT correlated with more furlough moments with parents, receiving a systemic intervention, and a shorter duration of the SRT. Systemic interventions during SRT and spending furlough moments with parents may have a positive impact on returning to a home-like situation after SRT for juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorinde L Broekhoven
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Pluryn, Research and Development Department, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Domburgh
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- iHUB Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jessica J Asscher
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Simons
- De Banjaard outpatient mental health care service (Youz, Parnassia Group Psychiatric Institute) The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarieke M M M Blankestein
- De Viersprong Netherlands Institute for Personality Disorders, Research, Development & Education, Halsteren, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arne Popma
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Criminology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wissink IB, Asscher JJ, Stams GJ. Online Delinquent Behaviors of Adolescents: Parents as Potential "Influencers"? Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2023:306624X231206521. [PMID: 37902427 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231206521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we examined whether aspects of parental monitoring of adolescents' online behavior (rules regarding time spent on the internet, rules regarding content of internet use, frequency of communication, and quality of communication about internet use) are related to different kinds of online delinquent behaviors (sexting, spreading viruses, DDoS attacking, hacking, and online threatening) and whether the level of adolescents' problematic (addictive) internet use mediates these relations. In regular Dutch high schools 1,009 adolescents filled out an online questionnaire (with adjusted versions of the ISPP, PIUQ, and the Dutch Youth Crime Monitor). Descriptive statistics showed that, in general, parents do not seem to monitor adolescents' online behavior to a great extent. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analyses and mediation tests showed that fewer rules about online time, more rules about online content, and a good quality of parent-adolescent communication about online behavior are all associated with lower problematic internet use, which in turn is associated with lower odds of several online delinquent behaviors (mediation). Moreover, parental handling of rules about online content is also directly associated with lower odds of spreading viruses, hacking, and online threat.
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Creemers HE, van Logchem EK, Assink M, Asscher JJ. Ramping Up Detention of Young Serious Offenders: A Safer Future? Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:2863-2881. [PMID: 36062897 PMCID: PMC10486148 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221119514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When youth commit serious violent or sexual offenses, this often generates a call for more severe punishments and longer detention sentences. An important question is whether (long) detention sentences are effective in decreasing recidivism among serious young offenders. To estimate recidivism rates in serious young offenders and elucidate the link between sentencing (in terms of custodial vs. non-custodial and length of imprisonment) and recidivism, three multilevel meta-analyses were conducted. With a systematic literature search, 27 studies and four datasets were traced, involving N = 2,308 participants, yielding 90 effect sizes for overall recidivism, 24 for specifically violent recidivism, and 23 for the association between length of imprisonment and recidivism. The average weighted overall recidivism rate was 44.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.59-51.46%) over an average period of 8.68 years. The rate of violent recidivism was estimated at 30.49% (95% CI: 20.92-40.52%), over an average period of 11.45 years. Recidivism rates were higher when recidivism was defined as an arrest for any new offense rather than for a specific offense and in studies conducted in the United States versus European studies. Violent recidivism rates were higher in studies with longer follow-up periods. Based on the limited available studies, no difference in recidivism rates following custodial and non-custodial sentences were found, nor an association between length of imprisonment and recidivism. To increase rehabilitation chances for youth offenders, further research is warranted to better understand the impact of sentencing and to ascertain what is needed to make custodial and non-custodial sentences more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke E. Creemers
- University of Amsterdam, Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric K. van Logchem
- University of Amsterdam, Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Assink
- University of Amsterdam, Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- University of Amsterdam, Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van Cappellen SM, Creemers HE, Hoogsteder L, van Horn J, Dekovic M, Asscher JJ. The effectiveness of blended versus regular Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy in the treatment of juvenile antisocial behavior: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:315. [PMID: 37143003 PMCID: PMC10158693 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial behavior during adolescence can have long-lasting negative effects and leads to high societal costs. Forensic Outpatient Systemic Therapy (Forensische Ambulante Systeem Therapie; FAST) is a promising treatment for juveniles aged 12-21 showing severe antisocial behavior. The intensity, content and duration of FAST can be adjusted to the needs of the juvenile and their caregiver(s), which is considered crucial for effective treatment. Next to the regular version of FAST (FASTr), a blended version (FASTb) in which face-to-face contacts are replaced by minimally 50% online contacts over the duration of intervention was developed during the Covid-19 pandemic. The current study will investigate whether FASTb is equally effective as FASTr, and through which mechanisms of change, for whom, and under which conditions FASTr and FASTb work. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out. Participants (N = 200) will be randomly assigned to FASTb (n = 100) or FASTr (n = 100). Data collection will consist of self-report questionnaires and case file analysis, and include a pre-test at the start of the intervention, a post-test immediately after the intervention, and a six month follow-up. Mechanisms of change will be investigated using monthly questionnaires of key variables during treatment. Official recidivism data will be collected at two-year follow-up. DISCUSSION This study aims to improve the effectiveness and quality of forensic mental health care for juveniles with antisocial behavior by studying the effectiveness of blended care, which has not been studied before in treatment of externalizing behavior. If found to be at least as effective as face-to-face treatment, blended treatment can help meet the urgent need for more flexible and efficient interventions in this field. In addition, the proposed study aims to unravel what works for whom, knowledge urgently needed in mental health care for juveniles with severe antisocial behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 07/11/2022, registration number NCT05606978.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marjolein van Cappellen
- Department of Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3584 CS, Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15776, 1011 NG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Larissa Hoogsteder
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15776, 1011 NG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- De Waag, Outpatient forensic mental health care center, P.O. Box 1362, Utrecht, 3515 GA, Netherlands
| | - Joan van Horn
- De Waag, Outpatient forensic mental health care center, P.O. Box 1362, Utrecht, 3515 GA, Netherlands
| | - Maja Dekovic
- Department of Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3584 CS, Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Department of Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, Utrecht, 3584 CS, Netherlands
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Mo J, van den Akker AL, Leijten P, Asscher JJ. Parental Discipline Techniques and Changes in Observed Temper Tantrum Severity in Toddlers. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:571-582. [PMID: 36547795 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although temper tantrums are considered a normal part of emotional development in toddlerhood, for some they foreshadow more serious behavioral and emotional problems. Parental discipline techniques may play a role in explaining why this behavior worsens for some children whereas for others it fades away. With this three-wave longitudinal study, we examined bidirectional associations between specific discipline techniques - ignoring, power assertion, and consistency - and intra-individual changes in the severity of tantrum behavior. We observed tantrum behavior in a standardized clean-up task, overcoming the limitation of most earlier work that relied on parent-report for associated changes in parenting and child behavior over time. For 94 children (53 boys; Mage = 30 months, range 20-43 months), mothers filled out the Parenting Dimensions Inventory, and temper tantrum severity (i.e., duration and aggressiveness) was coded three times across one year. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models suggested parent-effects rather than child-effects: more maternal power assertion and less consistency predicted increases in tantrum severity over time (ignoring did not), but temper tantrum severity did not predict changes in parenting over time. Results indicate that reducing power assertion and increasing consistency may be especially helpful in reducing temper tantrums in children. Findings add to previous findings indicating that mothers' parenting may be driven less by objective child behavior than by her own perceptions of her child's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Mo
- Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alithe L van den Akker
- Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patty Leijten
- Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van der Stouwe T, Leijten P, Asscher JJ, Deković M, van der Put CE. Adding Structured Components to Home Visitation to Reduce Mothers' Risk for Child Maltreatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Fam Violence 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36817847 PMCID: PMC9924864 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Home visitation program effects are generally small, which may be caused by flexible intervention content leading to inconsistent outcomes. In this study we therefore examined whether the effectiveness of a Dutch home visitation program (i.e., Supportive Parenting) can be improved by adding structured intervention components targeting key risk factors for child maltreatment: parental sense of competence, perceived stress, parental anger, and PTSD symptoms. Method Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 74) that received four additional intervention components in two home visits, or a control group (n = 60) that received regular Supportive Parenting. Outcomes were assessed before (T1) and after (T2) the first, and before (T3) and after (T4) the second home visit. Effects were examined using ANCOVA for primary outcomes: parental sense of competence, perceived stress, parental anger, and PTSD symptoms, and secondary outcomes: risk of child maltreatment, parental warmth, and negative parenting. Moderation effects were examined for T1 scores, child temperament and life events. Results Mothers who received the intervention components showed less stress compared to the control group at T3 and T4. There were no differences between groups on other outcomes and no moderation effects, although parental sense of competence reduced and anger increased within the experimental group specifically. Conclusion The structured components may enhance the effectiveness of Supportive Parenting to reduce parenting stress. Future research into how other outcomes can be improved is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10896-023-00509-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy van der Stouwe
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 15776, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patty Leijten
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 15776, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Post Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Deković
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Post Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia E. van der Put
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 15776, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Vogelaar S, Miers AC, Saab N, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. The Effectiveness of School-Based Skills-Training Programs Reducing Performance or Social Anxiety: Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Child Youth Care Forum 2023; 52:1-25. [PMID: 36777191 PMCID: PMC9899115 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-023-09736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Given that high levels of stress during adolescence are associated with negative consequences, it is important that adolescents with psychological needs are supported at an early stage, for instance with interventions at school. However, knowledge about the potential of school-based programs targeting adolescents with psychological needs, aimed at reducing school or social stress, is lacking. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two targeted school-based skills-training programs, addressing either skills to deal with performance anxiety or social skills. Methods Two randomized controlled trials were performed with participants who self-selected to one of the programs. The sample comprised of N = 361 adolescents (M age = 13.99 years, SD = 0.83) from various educational levels and ethnic identity backgrounds. The performance anxiety program included N = 196 participants (N = 95 in the experimental group), while the social skills program included N = 165 participants (N = 86 in the experimental group). MANCOVA's were performed. Results The performance anxiety program had a small effect on reducing adolescents' test anxiety. Furthermore, for adolescents who attended more than half of the sessions, the program had small effects on reducing test anxiety and fear of failure. The program did not improve adolescents' coping skills or mental health. The social skills program was not effective in improving social skills, social anxiety, and mental health. Conclusions A relatively short, targeted program addressing skills to deal with performance anxiety can have the potential to reduce adolescents' performance anxiety. Trial registration International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (Netherlands Trial Register, number NTR7680). Registered 12 December 2018. Study protocol van Loon et al., (2019). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10566-023-09736-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. G. van Loon
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E. Creemers
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Vogelaar
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C. Miers
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadira Saab
- Graduate School of Teaching (ICLON), Leiden University, Kolffpad 1, 2333 BN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. Michiel Westenberg
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Van den Akker AL, Majdandzic M, de Vente W, Asscher JJ, Bögels S. Just as they expected: How parents' expectations about their unborn child's characteristics provide a context for early transactions between parenting and child temperament. Front Psychol 2022; 13:942392. [PMID: 36204739 PMCID: PMC9530037 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal expectations about what children will be like after birth may provide a context for how parents perceive their infant's actual temperament. We examined how these expectations and perceptions are associated and together predict early parenting behavior, with parenting behavior in turn predicting changes in temperament. Reports of 125 families (N = 122 fathers; N = 123 mothers; sample 1) about their expectations of their unborn child's temperament (negative affectivity, surgency, regulation, T1), their infant's temperament at 4 and 12 months post-partum (T2 and T3), and their hostile, responsive, warm, and overprotective parenting (T2) were included. We also included data from an independent sample of 168 mothers (sample 2), with the same measures, except that mothers reported on Big Five personality traits at T1. Results indicated that in both samples, parents' expectations were positively associated with perceptions of infant temperament. Prenatal expectations and newborn temperament independently predicted parenting behavior, and maternal and paternal parenting in turn predicted infant temperament at T3, controlling for infant temperament at T2. Although overall findings indicated associations between (expectations of) a more difficult temperament and more negative/less positive parenting, significant combinations of specific traits and parenting behaviors were sample-specific—indicating that more research is necessary to draw a conclusion about specific links. Both maternal and paternal expectations about their unborn child's temperament appear to carry over into the postpartum reality and provide a context for shaping early interactions between caregivers and their children, which may further shape the developing temperament of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alithe L. Van den Akker
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Alithe L. Van den Akker
| | - Mirjana Majdandzic
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wieke de Vente
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Clinical Child, Family, and Education Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Susan Bögels
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Okorn A, Vogelaar S, Miers AC, Saab N, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. The effects of school‐based interventions on physiological stress in adolescents: A meta‐analysis. Stress Health 2022; 38:187-209. [PMID: 34275188 PMCID: PMC9291930 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is associated with dysregulations in the physiological stress system, resulting in diverse negative developmental outcomes. Since adolescence is a period characterized by increased stress-sensitivity, and schools are an important environment for the developing adolescent, school-based interventions promoting psychosocial functioning are of particular interest to prevent adverse outcomes. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the effectiveness of such interventions on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis (i.e., cortisol) and cardiovascular (i.e., blood pressure [BP] and heart rate [HR]/heart rate variability [HRV]) parameters of stress in adolescents, and examined moderators of effectiveness. The search resulted in the inclusion of k = 9 studies for cortisol, k = 16 studies for BP, and k = 20 studies for HR/HRV. The results indicated a significant small overall effect on reducing BP, but no significant effect for HR/HRV. For cortisol, large methodological variation in the few primary studies did not allow for quantitative analyses, but a qualitative review demonstrated inconsistent results. For BP and HR/HRV, larger effects were observed for intervention programs with a mindfulness and/or meditation component, for interventions without a cognitive-behavioural component and for interventions with a higher intensity. Providing adolescents with techniques to improve indicators of physiological stress may prevent emerging mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanneke E. Creemers
- Forensic Child and Youth Care SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Okorn
- Department of Child and Adolescent StudiesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Behavioural Science InstituteRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Simone Vogelaar
- Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Anne C. Miers
- Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nadira Saab
- Graduate School of Teaching (ICLON)Leiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Department of Child and Adolescent StudiesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,Forensic Child and Youth Care SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Karkdijk EM, Duindam HM, Deković M, Creemers HE, Asscher JJ. A Friend in Prison: Human-Animal Bond, Stress and Self-Esteem of Detained Juveniles in Dutch Cell Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050646. [PMID: 35268212 PMCID: PMC8909544 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interventions that aim to increase well-being among detained juveniles, in addition to interventions focusing on behavioral change, are urgently needed and should be increasingly implemented. A promising and popular intervention is the prison-based dog training program. In such a program, detainees train shelter dogs to prepare them for adoption. In literature about these interventions, it is often assumed that the perceived bond with the dog plays an important role in improving well-being among detainees. For example, it is assumed to decrease stress and increase self-esteem. However, the human–animal bond within a prison-based dog training program and its effects are seldom investigated. In this study, we investigated to what extent the human–animal bond predicts stress and self-esteem among detained juveniles, participating in a prison-based dog training program in the Netherlands (Dutch Cell Dogs). Questionnaires and interviews at several timepoints were used to measure the quality of the human–animal bond, and the perceived reciprocity, stress, and self-esteem. The results of this study show that the human–animal bond did not predict lower stress or higher self-esteem, contrary to our expectations. More research on prison-based dog training programs is needed to investigate how these programs work, and the specific role of the human–animal bond within these programs. Abstract This study examined to what extent the human–animal bond (HAB) had a positive impact on stress and self-esteem among detained juveniles participating in the prison-based dog training program Dutch Cell Dogs (DCD). Participants were 75 detained juveniles (mean age = 19.5, 86.7% male). Self-reported stress and self-esteem were assessed before the start of DCD (T1), after four weeks (halfway training/T2) and after eight weeks (end training/T3). Structured interviews and questionnaire items were used to measure the HAB quality and perceived reciprocity in the HAB at T2 and T3. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. In the variable-centered approach analyses, only the cross-sectional positive association between HAB quality and self-esteem at T2 was significant in the cross-lagged panel models. None of the cross-lagged paths between the HAB and stress or self-esteem were significant. In the person-centered approach analyses, growth mixture modeling identified two patterns of self-esteem (“high stable” and “high decreasing”); however, these patterns were not predicted by HAB. Thus, in contrast to our hypotheses, the HAB did not predict improvements in detained juveniles’ stress and self-esteem. These findings underline the need for more research into the often-presumed role of HAB within prison-based dog training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M. Karkdijk
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.E.C.); (J.J.A.)
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.M.D.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanne M. Duindam
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.M.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Maja Deković
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.M.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Hanneke E. Creemers
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.E.C.); (J.J.A.)
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.E.C.); (J.J.A.)
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (H.M.D.); (M.D.)
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Duindam HM, Creemers HE, Hoeve M, Asscher JJ. Breaking the chains? The effects of training a shelter dog in prison on criminal behavior and recidivism. Applied Developmental Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.2007768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Duindam HM, Williams DP, Asscher JJ, Hoeve M, Thayer JF, Creemers HE. Heart-wired to be cold? Exploring cardiac markers of callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated offenders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 170:168-177. [PMID: 34666106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been repeatedly identified in a subgroup of offenders that displays severe antisocial behavior; establishing physiological markers may help improve early identification and treatment efforts. This study examines to what extent baseline-resting heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) can be used as markers of CU in incarcerated juvenile and adult offenders. CU traits were assessed using the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits. Results of the multiple hierarchical regression tests indicated that there was a small yet significant positive association between baseline HR and CU and negative association between HRV and CU in juvenile offenders with medium model effect sizes (R2 = 0.115 for HR-CU; R2 = 0.126 for HRV-CU). The cardiac markers were unrelated to CU in adult offenders. These findings are important because they demonstrate that impaired cardiac autonomic activity is related to CU traits in juveniles, suggesting that socioemotional processing difficulties should be considered in understanding these deficits. Future research should be conducted in large samples, under reactive and static conditions, while including cardiac covariates, to get more clarity on the interplay between biological systems and behavioral expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne M Duindam
- Utrecht University, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Netherlands.
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- University of California-Irvine, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- University of Amsterdam, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Netherlands; Utrecht University, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Netherlands
| | - Machteld Hoeve
- University of Amsterdam, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Netherlands
| | - Julian F Thayer
- University of California-Irvine, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- University of Amsterdam, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Netherlands
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Vogelaar S, Miers AC, Saab N, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. Prepandemic Risk Factors of COVID-19-Related Concerns in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Res Adolesc 2021; 31:531-545. [PMID: 34448296 PMCID: PMC8456903 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To identify adolescents who may be at risk for adverse outcomes, we examined the extent of COVID-19-related concerns reported by adolescents and investigated which prepandemic risk and protective factors predicted these concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dutch adolescents (N = 188; Mage = 13.49, SD = .81) were assessed before the pandemic and at eight and ten months into the pandemic. Results demonstrated that adolescents' most frequently reported COVID-19-related concerns were about social activities and getting delayed in school. Adolescents that have specific vulnerabilities before the pandemic (i.e., higher stress, maladaptive coping, or internalizing problems) experience more concerns during the pandemic, stressing the importance of guiding and supporting these adolescents in order to prevent adverse developmental outcomes.
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Duindam HM, Creemers HE, Hoeve M, Asscher JJ. A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Dutch Cell Dogs in Incarcerated Youth. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2021; 65:644-666. [PMID: 33423576 PMCID: PMC7970211 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x20983748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of Dutch Cell Dogs (DCD), a prison-based dog training program that aims to improve socioemotional functioning of incarcerated youth by giving them the opportunity to train a shelter dog. Primary (aggression and institutional infractions) and secondary (wellbeing and therapeutic functioning) outcomes were assessed for the intervention (n = 61) and comparison group (n = 77) before the start of DCD, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks at posttest. Overall, DCD participation was not effective. Compared to the comparison group, institutional infractions decreased in DCD participants with an immigrant background and increased in DCD participants with a native Dutch background. In addition, DCD participation reduced the quality of the therapeutic alliance for younger participants and those in secure residential facilities. The current study demonstrated heterogeneity in DTP responsiveness. Future research with robust designs and sufficiently large samples is needed to further identify who benefits from DTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica J. Asscher
- University of Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
- Utrecht University, the
Netherlands
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Abstract
Prison-based dog training programs (DTPs) aim to improve successful rehabilitation after detention. However, empirical evidence for their effectiveness is lacking. To evaluate the effectiveness of a DTP-Dutch Cell Dogs (DCD)-on externalizing behavior, stress, self-esteem, empathy, and treatment motivation, a pilot study with a Multiple Case Experimental Design in six adolescents residing in a juvenile justice center (JJC) was conducted. Results did not provide convincing evidence for DCD's effectiveness. Further research is needed to determine whether and for whom DCD could be a useful addition to regular JJC programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Offermans
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanne M Duindam
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University
| | - Geert Jan JM Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Beumer WY, Okorn A, Vogelaar S, Saab N, Miers AC, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. Can Schools Reduce Adolescent Psychological Stress? A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of School-Based Intervention Programs. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1127-1145. [PMID: 32034632 PMCID: PMC7237523 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of psychological stress during adolescence have been associated with a decline in academic performance, school dropout and increased risk of mental health problems. Intervening during this developmental period may prevent these problems. The school environment seems particularly suitable for interventions and over the past decade, various school-based stress reduction programs have been developed. The present study aims to evaluate the results of (quasi-)experimental studies on the effectiveness of school-based intervention programs targeting adolescent psychological stress and to investigate moderators of effectiveness. A three-level random effects meta-analytic model was conducted. The search resulted in the inclusion of k = 54 studies, reporting on analyses in 61 independent samples, yielding 123 effect sizes (N = 16,475 individuals). The results indicated a moderate overall effect on psychological stress. Yet, significant effects were only found in selected student samples. School-based intervention programs targeting selected adolescents have the potential to reduce psychological stress. Recommendations for practice, policy and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W G van Loon
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- University of Amsterdam Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wieke Y Beumer
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Okorn
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Vogelaar
- Leiden University Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadira Saab
- Leiden University Graduate School of Teaching (ICLON), Kolffpad 1, 2333 BN, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Miers
- Leiden University Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Leiden University Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Utrecht University Child and Adolescent Studies, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University of Amsterdam Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Loon AWG, Creemers HE, Vogelaar S, Saab N, Miers AC, Westenberg PM, Asscher JJ. The effectiveness of school-based skills-training programs promoting mental health in adolescents: a study protocol for a randomized controlled study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:712. [PMID: 31174502 PMCID: PMC6556042 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a period of elevated stress sensitivity, which places adolescents at increased risk of developing mental health problems such as burnout, depression, anxiety, and externalizing problems. Early intervention of psychological needs and low-threshold care addressing such needs may prevent this dysfunctional development. Schools may provide an important environment to identify and address psychological needs. The aim of this protocol is to describe the design of a study aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of low-threshold school-based skills-training programs promoting the mental health of adolescents and to examine moderators of the effectiveness. Methods A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of two school-based skills-training programs aiming to promote mental health by improving either skills to deal with performance anxiety or social skills. A multi-informant (i.e., students, parents, and trainers) and multi-method (i.e., questionnaires and physiological measurements) approach will be used to assess program targets (skills to deal with performance anxiety or social skills), direct program outcomes (performance or social anxiety) and mental health outcomes (i.e., stress, internalizing and externalizing problems, self-esteem and well-being), as well as specific moderators (i.e., student, parent and program characteristics, social support, perfectionism, stressful life events, perceived parental pressure, positive parenting behavior, treatment alliance and program integrity). Discussion The current study will provide information on the effectiveness of school-based skills-training programs. It is of crucial importance that the school environment can provide students with effective, low-threshold intervention programs to promote adolescents’ daily functioning and well-being and prevent the emergence of mental health problems that negatively affect school performance. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register number NL7438. Registered 12 December 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W G van Loon
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Vogelaar
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nadira Saab
- Graduate School of Teaching (ICLON), Leiden University, Kolffpad 1, 2333 BN, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne C Miers
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P Michiel Westenberg
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dijkstra S, Asscher JJ, Deković M, Stams GJJM, Creemers HE. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Family Group Conferencing in Child Welfare: Effectiveness, Moderators, and Level of FGC Completion. Child Maltreat 2019; 24:137-151. [PMID: 30463425 DOI: 10.1177/1077559518808221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of Family Group Conferencing (FGC) in child welfare. Effects were operationalized in terms of child safety (child maltreatment, supervision order, and out-of-home placement), number of professional services used, parental empowerment, and social support in a 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Furthermore, the influence of family characteristics and the level of FGC completion were examined. A total of 328 families were included, randomly assigned to an experimental group ( n = 229) and a care as usual (CAU) group ( n = 99). FGC was equally effective as CAU in improving child safety but resulted in more out-of-home placements. Furthermore, FGC resulted in a longer duration of child welfare involvement, a marginally higher number of professional services used, and increased parental empowerment and social support. Family characteristics did not moderate the results. Level of FGC completion was in general low. Higher levels of completion were related to a larger social network, a higher number of professional services used, and, marginally, less parental empowerment. In conclusion, although some beneficial results marginally support the use of FGC, it is the question whether these effects outweigh FGC costs, a longer duration of child welfare involvement and a higher number of professional services used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Dijkstra
- 1 Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- 1 Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 2 Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Deković
- 2 Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan J M Stams
- 1 Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- 1 Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Vries SLA, Hoeve M, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM. The Long-Term Effects of the Youth Crime Prevention Program "New Perspectives" on Delinquency and Recidivism. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2018; 62:3639-3661. [PMID: 29338563 PMCID: PMC6094549 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17751161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New Perspectives (NP) aims to prevent persistent criminal behavior. We examined the long-term effectiveness of NP and whether the effects were moderated by demographic and delinquency factors. At-risk youth aged 12 to 19 years were randomly assigned to the intervention group (NP, n = 47) or care as usual (CAU, n = 54). Official and self-report data were collected to assess recidivism. NP was not more effective in reducing delinquency levels and recidivism than CAU. Also, no moderator effects were found. The overall null effects are discussed, including further research and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica J. Asscher
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is, at group level, an effective treatment for adolescents showing serious externalizing problem behavior. The current study expands previous research on MST by, first, examining whether subgroups of participants who respond differently to treatment could be identified. Second, we investigated if the different trajectories of change during MST could be predicted by individual (hostile attributions) and contextual (parental sense of parenting competence and deviant and prosocial peer involvement) pre-treatment factors. Participants were 147 adolescents (mean age = 15.91 years, 104 (71%) boys) and their parents who received MST. Pre-treatment assessment of the predictors and 5 monthly assessments of externalizing behavior during treatment took place using both adolescent and parents’ self-reports. Six distinct subgroups, showing different trajectories of change in externalizing problem behavior during MST, were identified. Two of the 6 trajectories of change showed a poor treatment response, as one class did not change in externalizing problem behavior and the other class even increased. The remaining 4 trajectories displayed a positive effect of MST, by showing a decrease in externalizing behavior. Most of these trajectories could be predicted by parental sense of parenting competence. Additionally, lower involvement with prosocial peers was a predictor of the group that appeared to be resistant to MST. Adolescents do respond differently to MST, which indicates the importance of personalizing treatment. Protective factors, such as parental sense of parenting competence and prosocial peers, seem to require additional attention in the first phase of MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C A Mertens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Research Centre for Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke A Manders
- Youth Spot, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Wibautstraat 5a, 1091 GH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schenk G, Duindam HM, Creemers HE, Hoeve M, Stams GJJM, Asscher JJ. The effectiveness of Dutch Cell Dogs in correctional facilities in the Netherlands: a study protocol of a quasi-experimental trial. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:218. [PMID: 29976174 PMCID: PMC6034307 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many former inmates recidivate, resulting in high costs for societies worldwide. Evidence based treatment practices may not work in prisons, due to detainees' lacking motivation, impaired well-being, and an unsafe group environment. One attempt to improve social group climate and well-being is the use of Prison-based Animal Programs (PAP). Using a quasi-experimental design, the aim of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of one such PAP in the Netherlands: Dutch Cell Dogs (DCD). METHODS/DESIGN Participants (N = 256) from 12 justice centers, including psychiatric, juvenile and adult facilities, will be recruited. Half of the sample (n = 128) will receive DCD training after voluntarily signing up (intervention group); The other half (n = 128) will be recruited to participate in the research and receive treatment-as-usual (TAU/Ccomparison group). Factors related to psychosocial functioning (e.g., self-esteem, empathy, self-control, life satisfaction, attention) and general therapeutic factors (i.e., therapeutic alliance, treatment motivation), expected to contribute to treatment success, will be assessed to measure the effectiveness of DCD. In addition, behavioral problems will be measured as well as recidivism rates. Questionnaires and neuropsychological tests will be employed to measure aforementioned outcome variables. Moreover, physiological data, based on heart rate and cortisol measures, will be collected to provide insight into the functioning of participants' physiological stress response and to determine whether stress reduction occurs over time. Multimethod data collection will occur at pre-training (T1), at 1-month (halfway training/T2), at 2-months (end training/T3), and 6-months after the end of the training (follow up/T4). DISCUSSION This is the first study to examine the effectiveness of a widely implemented PAP in the Netherlands. Challenges associated with conducting the proposed study are typical for practice based research in correctional settings (e.g., a demanding workload of staff, lack of motivation to participate in research). Study results on the effects of a PAP will have an impact on inmates, justice centers, and municipalities across the Netherlands. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered. The Netherlands National Trial Register TC = 6894 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien Schenk
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanne M. Duindam
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E. Creemers
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Machteld Hoeve
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan J. M. Stams
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Asscher JJ, Deković M, Van den Akker AL, Prins PJM, Van der Laan PH. Do Extremely Violent Juveniles Respond Differently to Treatment? Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2018; 62:958-977. [PMID: 27794135 PMCID: PMC5808822 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16670951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study increases knowledge on effectiveness of treatment for extremely violent (EV) youth by investigating their response to multisystemic therapy (MST). Using data of a randomized controlled trial on effectiveness of MST, we investigated differences in treatment response between EV youth and not extremely violent (NEV) youth. Pre- to post-treatment comparison indicated MST was equally effective for EV and NEV youth, whereas treatment as usual was not effective for either group. Growth curves of within-treatment changes indicated EV youth responded differently to MST than NEV youth. The within-treatment change was for EV youth non-linear: Initially, they show a deterioration; however, after one month, EV juveniles respond positively to MST, indicating longer lasting, intensive programs may be effective in treating extreme violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter H. Van der Laan
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Stouwe T, Asscher JJ, Hoeve M, van der Laan PH, Stams GJJM. The Influence of Treatment Motivation on Outcomes of Social Skills Training for Juvenile Delinquents. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2018; 62:108-128. [PMID: 27225504 PMCID: PMC5734383 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16648130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of treatment motivation on posttreatment effectiveness of an outpatient, individual social skills training for juvenile delinquents imposed as a penal sanction. Propensity score matching was used to match a control group of juveniles receiving treatment as usual ( n = 108 of total N = 354) to a treatment group of juveniles receiving Tools4U, a social skills training with a parental component ( N = 115). Treatment motivation was examined as a moderator and predictor of treatment effects on impulsivity, social perspective-taking, social problem-solving, lack of critical reasoning, developmental task-related skills, and parenting skills. Treatment effects were mostly consistent across juveniles with different levels of treatment motivation. Only one moderating effect was found on active tackling (i.e., actively addressing problems), and predictive effects were found on seeking social support, cognitive empathy, hostile intent attribution, and self-centeredness. Implications for further research are discussed.
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Luijks MJA, Bevaart F, Zijlmans J, van Duin L, Marhe R, Doreleijers TAH, Tiemeier H, Asscher JJ, Popma A. A multimodal day treatment program for multi-problem young adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:225. [PMID: 28526087 PMCID: PMC5438569 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective interventions for young adults with severe, multiple problems - such as psychosocial and psychiatric problems, delinquency, unemployment and substance use - are scarce but urgently needed in order to support an adequate transition to adulthood. A multimodal day treatment program called "New Opportunities" (in Dutch: "De Nieuwe Kans"; DNK) was specifically developed to target multi-problem young adults in The Netherlands. The aim of this study protocol is to describe the design of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in clinical practice to examine the effectiveness of DNK in comparison with care as usual (CAU). METHODS/DESIGN Multi-problem young adults in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, will be assigned randomly to DNK (expected N = 150) and CAU (expected N = 150). Primary outcome measures are recidivism and self-sufficiency. Secondary outcome measures include quality of life, attending school/work, psychological functioning, cognitive distortions and substance use. Participant and program characteristics will be examined as potential moderators of effectiveness. Additionally, cost-effectiveness will be measured. During 14 months, data from multiple resources will be collected at four time points. DISCUSSION This study is one of the first RCTs on the effectiveness of interventions developed for multi-problem young adults. The results will contribute to the currently scant knowledge about what works for various multi-problem young adults in their transition to adulthood. In addition, the study protocol will provide insight into implementing an RCT in a dynamic setting of clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register, identifier: NTR5163 . Registered on 17 April 2015; retrospectively registered during the recruitment phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jolette A. Luijks
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Bevaart
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josjan Zijlmans
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Duin
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reshmi Marhe
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A. H. Doreleijers
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ‘s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Department of Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Vries SLA, Hoeve M, Stams GJJM, Asscher JJ. Adolescent-Parent Attachment and Externalizing Behavior: The Mediating Role of Individual and Social Factors. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2016; 44:283-94. [PMID: 25772427 PMCID: PMC4729816 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-9999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether the associations between adolescent-parent attachment and externalizing problem behavior of adolescents were mediated by adolescent cognitive distortions, self-esteem, parental monitoring and association with deviant peers. A total of 102 adolescents (71 % male; aged 12-19 years) at risk for developing delinquent behaviors reported on attachment, parental monitoring, aggressive and delinquent behavior and peers. Mediation effects were tested by using structural equation modeling. Different pathways were found depending on the type of externalizing behavior. The association between attachment and direct and indirect aggressive behavior was mediated by cognitive distortions. The relation between attachment and delinquency was mediated by deviant peers and parental monitoring. We argue that clinical practice should focus on the attachment relationship between adolescent and parents in order to positively affect risk and protective factors for adolescents' aggressive and delinquent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L A de Vries
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Machteld Hoeve
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan J M Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dijkstra S, Creemers HE, Asscher JJ, Deković M, Stams GJJM. The effectiveness of family group conferencing in youth care: A meta-analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 62:100-110. [PMID: 27810635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analytic study, involving 14 controlled studies (N=88495 participants), was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Family Group Conferencing (FGC) in youth care. Child safety (in terms of reports of child maltreatment and out-of-home placement) and involvement of youth care were included as outcome variables; study, sample and intervention characteristics were included as moderators. Overall, FGC did not significantly reduce child maltreatment, out-of-home placements, and involvement of youth care. Study and sample characteristics moderated the effectiveness of FGC. Retrospective studies found FGC to be more effective than regular care in reducing the recurrence of maltreatment and decreasing the number and length of out-of-home placements, whereas prospective studies found FGC to be not more effective than regular care. Moreover, FGC was found to increase the number and length of out-of-home placements for families with older children and minority groups. The findings of this study showed that robust research proving effectiveness of FGC is limited. It is, therefore, crucial for the safety and protection of children in youth care that, before broadly implementing this decision making model in youth care, more robust studies examining the effectiveness of FGC be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Dijkstra
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke E Creemers
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maja Deković
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert Jan J M Stams
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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James C, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM, van der Laan PH. The Effectiveness of Aftercare for Juvenile and Young Adult Offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2016; 60:1159-1184. [PMID: 25829455 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x15576884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the New Perspectives Aftercare Program (NPAP) for serious juvenile and young adult offenders in The Netherlands. Participants (n = 127) were randomly assigned to NPAP (n = 66) or existing aftercare services ("treatment as usual" [TAU], n = 61). The aim was to determine whether NPAP was effective in decreasing cognitive distortions and criminal thinking patterns and increasing prosocial skills of the juveniles compared with TAU. No direct intervention effects were found on any of the outcome measures. Moderator analyses, however, showed several interaction effects of ethnicity and coping skills for both NPAP and TAU youths. Furthermore, NPAP dropouts displayed significantly more indirect aggression at posttest compared with youths dropping out from TAU. Possible explanations for the mostly null effects are discussed, including implications for further research, policy, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter H van der Laan
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Asscher JJ, Deković M, van den Akker AL, Manders WA, Prins PJ, van der Laan PH, Prinzie P. Do personality traits affect responsiveness of juvenile delinquents to treatment? Journal of Research in Personality 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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van der Put CE, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM. Differences Between Juvenile Offenders With and Without AD(H)D in Recidivism Rates and Risk and Protective Factors for Recidivism. J Atten Disord 2016; 20:445-57. [PMID: 23239786 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712466140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined differences between juvenile offenders with AD(H)D (n = 1,348), with both AD(H)D and conduct problems (n = 933), and without AD(H)D or conduct problems (n = 2,180) in recidivism rates, prevalence of risk and protective factors, and strength of associations between risk/protective factors and recidivism. METHOD Existing data were used, collected with the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment. ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and Fisher's z tests were calculated. RESULTS Recidivism was highest in the AD(H)D-comorbid group, followed by the AD(H)D-only group and lowest in the comparison group. In offenders with AD(H)D, especially comorbid AD(H)D, the number of risk factors was considerably larger than the number of protective factors, whereas the number of risk and protective factors was the same in the comparison group. CONCLUSION Juvenile offenders with AD(H)D may benefit most from interventions that focus on risk and protective factors in multiple domains.
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de Vries SLA, Hoeve M, Assink M, Stams GJJM, Asscher JJ. Practitioner review: Effective ingredients of prevention programs for youth at risk of persistent juvenile delinquency--recommendations for clinical practice. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:108-21. [PMID: 25143121 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of knowledge about specific effective ingredients of prevention programs for youth at risk for persistent delinquent behavior. The present study combines findings of previous studies by examining the effectiveness of programs in preventing persistent juvenile delinquency and by studying which particular program, sample, and study characteristics contribute to the effects. Information on effective ingredients offers specific indications of how programs may be improved in clinical practice. METHOD A literature search in PsychINFO, ERIC, PubMed, Sociological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, and Google Scholar was performed. Only (quasi)experimental studies and studies that focused on adolescents at risk for (persistent) delinquent behavior were included. Multilevel meta-analysis was conducted on 39 studies (N = 9,084). Participants' ages ranged from 6 to 20 years (M = 14 years, SD = 2.45). RESULTS The overall effect size was significant and small in magnitude (d = 0.24, p < .001). Behavioral-oriented programs, focusing on parenting skills training, behavioral modeling, or behavioral contracting yielded the largest effects. Multimodal programs and programs carried out in the family context proved to be more beneficial than individual and group-based programs. Less intensive programs yielded larger effects. CONCLUSIONS Prevention programs have positive effects on preventing persistent juvenile delinquency. In order to improve program effectiveness, interventions should be behavioral-oriented, delivered in a family or multimodal format, and the intensity of the program should be matched to the level of risk of the juvenile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L A de Vries
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Put CE, Asscher JJ. Protective factors in male adolescents with a history of sexual and/or violent offending: a comparison between three subgroups. Sex Abuse 2015; 27:109-126. [PMID: 25186865 DOI: 10.1177/1079063214549259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the presence and impact of dynamic protective factors for delinquency in male adolescents with a history of sexual and/or violent offending. Bipolar factors (factors with risk and protective factors being the ends of the same continuum) were examined in male adolescents with a history of sexual offenses against younger children (CSOs; n = 341), a history of sexual offenses against peers and/or adult victims (PSOs; n = 207), and a history of nonsexual violent offenses (VOs; n = 1,356). We conducted secondary analyses on data collected with the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment and on general recidivism data. ANOVA, correlations, Fisher's z tests, and logistic regression analyses were applied. Results showed that, in VOs, the number of risk factors was greater than the number of protective factors, whereas in PSOs, and especially CSOs, the number of protective factors was greater than the number of risk factors. Protective factors appeared to be especially important for juveniles with a history of sexual offenses for two reasons. First, the impact of most protective factors on recidivism was larger among juveniles with a history of sexual offenses than among those with a history of violent offenses. Second, protective factors added to the predictive accuracy over and above risk factors in juveniles with a history of sexual offenses, but not in those with a history of violent offenses.
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Asscher JJ, Van der Put CE, Stams GJJM. Gender Differences in the Impact of Abuse and Neglect Victimization on Adolescent Offending Behavior. J Fam Violence 2015; 30:215-225. [PMID: 25663744 PMCID: PMC4315896 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-014-9668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines gender differences in the association between abuse and neglect during childhood, and sexual and violent offending in juvenile delinquents. Female juvenile delinquents were more frequently victim of sexual and physical abuse and had a history of neglect and maltreatment than male juvenile offenders. Male juvenile offenders committed more sexual offenses and felony offenses against persons. Female juvenile offenders reported higher levels of having committed misdemeanor offenses against persons and violence that were not included in criminal history. A history of sexual abuse was related to sexual offending, while a history of physical abuse was related to violent offending. The relationships between victimization and offending were stronger in male juvenile offenders than in female juvenile offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Asscher
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, POBox 15776, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia E. Van der Put
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, POBox 15776, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan J. M. Stams
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, POBox 15776, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Put CE, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM, Moonen XMH. Differences between juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disabilities in the importance of static and dynamic risk factors for recidivism. J Intellect Disabil Res 2014; 58:992-1003. [PMID: 23919502 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile offenders with intellectual disability (ID) have been largely ignored in the literature of risk assessment, while they are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and ID is a risk factor for juvenile delinquency and recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk factors for recidivism. Both the impact of static and dynamic risk factors were examined. Static risk factors were examined in the criminal history domain and dynamic risk factors were examined in the domains of family, school, use of free time, friends, alcohol/drugs, attitude, aggression and skills. This knowledge is important for both assessment and treatment of juvenile offenders with ID. METHOD The sample consisted of adolescents who appeared before the courts for a criminal act and for whom the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment (WSJCA) was completed. The group of ID juvenile offenders (n = 102) consisted of juvenile offenders with a formal diagnosis of ID, which means a full scale IQ of less than 70, coupled with significant deficits in adaptive behaviour, with childhood onset. The juveniles of this group are special education students or they have a formal diagnosis of a special education need. The group without ID (n = 526), was a random sample of all juvenile offenders without a formal diagnosis of ID. RESULTS No differences were found between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk factors on recidivism in most domains. However, in the skills domain, the relations between all risk factors and recidivism were significantly stronger in adolescents without ID than in adolescents with ID. Although not or only borderline statistically significant, these risk factors were all negatively related to recidivism in adolescents with ID, whereas these risk factors were significantly and positively related to recidivism in adolescents without ID. CONCLUSIONS There are few differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the impact of risk factors for recidivism, suggesting that the same assessment methods can be used for juvenile offenders with and without ID. There were, however, differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the skills domain. What these differences mean for the treatment of juvenile offenders is yet to be determined. For now it is important to be aware of potential negative (side) effects on recidivism when skills training is offered to juvenile offenders with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E van der Put
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Put CE, Asscher JJ, Wissink IB, Stams GJJM. The relationship between maltreatment victimisation and sexual and violent offending: differences between adolescent offenders with and without intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2014; 58:979-991. [PMID: 23464899 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juveniles with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more often victims of maltreatment and more often perpetrators of abuse than juveniles without ID. Because previous research on the relationship between maltreatment victimisation and subsequent offending behaviour was primarily performed in non-disabled samples, the present study aimed to examine differences between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the relationship between maltreatment victimisation and sexual and violent offending. METHOD The sample consisted of juvenile offenders with ID (n = 102) and without ID (n = 526) who appeared before the courts for a criminal act and for whom the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment (WSJCA) was completed. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the strength of the relationship between maltreatment and offending, Fisher's z tests were calculated to assess the significance of the differences between the two groups in the strength of the correlations, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the unique contribution of maltreatment victimisation to the prediction of violent and sexual offending. RESULTS Seventy per cent of the juvenile offenders with ID and 42% of the juvenile offenders without ID had experienced abuse and/or neglect. Both sexual and violent offending were more common in juvenile offenders with ID than in juvenile offenders without ID. Moreover, the relationship between different forms of maltreatment and sexual offending was stronger in juvenile offenders with ID than in juvenile offenders without ID. CONCLUSIONS Given the high rates of abuse and neglect victimisation and the strength of the association between victimisation and sexual offending, especially in juvenile offenders with ID, treatment should focus on potential trauma and other problems associated with the abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E van der Put
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Asscher JJ, Wissink IB, Deković M, Prinzie P, Stams GJJM. Delinquent behavior, poor relationship quality with parents, and involvement with deviant peers in delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents: different processes, informant bias, or both? Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2014; 58:1001-1019. [PMID: 23780846 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x13491389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether two risk factors that are frequently selected as targets for prevention and intervention purposes-involvement with deviant peers and parent-adolescent relationship quality-are associated with delinquent behavior in the same way in a juvenile general population sample (n = 88) as in a juvenile offender sample (n = 85). Information on delinquency and the quality of parent-adolescent relationship was obtained from adolescents and parents. The results of path analyses showed that relations between poor parent-adolescent relationship quality, involvement with deviant peers, and delinquency depended on whose point of view is used (adolescent or parent) and which sample is used (general population or delinquent sample). These findings indicate that caution is warranted when theories based on research with community samples are used for development of intervention programs for juvenile delinquents.
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Van den Akker AL, Prinzie P, Deković M, De Haan AD, Asscher JJ, Widiger T. The development of personality extremity from childhood to adolescence: relations to internalizing and externalizing problems. J Pers Soc Psychol 2014; 105:1038-1048. [PMID: 24295382 DOI: 10.1037/a0034441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the development of personality extremity (deviation of an average midpoint of all 5 personality dimensions together) across childhood and adolescence, as well as relations between personality extremity and adjustment problems. For 598 children (mean age at Time 1 = 7.5 years), mothers and fathers reported the Big Five personality dimensions 4 times across 8 years. Children's vector length in a 5-dimensional configuration of the Big Five dimensions represented personality extremity. Mothers, fathers, and teachers reported children's internalizing and externalizing problems at the 1st and final measurement. In a cohort-sequential design, we modeled personality extremity in children and adolescents from ages 6 to 17 years. Growth mixture modeling revealed a similar solution for both mother and father reports: a large group with relatively short vectors that were stable over time (mother reports: 80.3%; father reports: 84.7%) and 2 smaller groups with relatively long vectors (i.e., extreme personality configuration). One group started out relatively extreme and decreased over time (mother reports: 13.2%; father reports: 10.4%), whereas the other group started out only slightly higher than the short vector group but increased across time (mother reports: 6.5%; father reports: 4.9%). Children who belonged to the increasingly extreme class experienced more internalizing and externalizing problems in late adolescence, controlling for previous levels of adjustment problems and the Big Five personality dimensions. Personality extremity may be important to consider when identifying children at risk for adjustment problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University
| | | | - Jessica J Asscher
- Jessica J. Asscher, Research Centre for Forensic Child and Youth Care Studies, University of Amsterdam
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van der Stouwe T, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM, Deković M, van der Laan PH. The effectiveness of Multisystemic Therapy (MST): a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2014; 34:468-81. [PMID: 25047448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is a well-established intervention for juvenile delinquents and/or adolescents showing social, emotional and behavioral problems. A multilevel meta-analysis of k=22 studies, containing 332 effect sizes, consisting of N=4066 juveniles, was conducted to examine the effectiveness of MST. Small but significant treatment effects were found on delinquency (primary outcome) and psychopathology, substance use, family factors, out-of-home placement and peer factors, whereas no significant treatment effect was found for skills and cognitions. Moderator analyses showed that study characteristics (country where the research was conducted, efficacy versus effectiveness, and study quality), treatment characteristics (single versus multiple control treatments and duration of MST treatment), sample characteristics (target population, age, gender and ethnicity) and outcome characteristics (non-specific versus violent/non-violent offending, correction for pretreatment differences, and informant type) moderated the effectiveness of MST. MST seems most effective with juveniles under the age of 15, with severe starting conditions. Furthermore, the effectiveness of MST may be improved when treatment for older juveniles is focused more on peer relationships and risks and protective factors in the school domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy van der Stouwe
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan J M Stams
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Deković
- Clinical Child and Family Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H van der Laan
- Criminology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de Vries SLA, Hoeve M, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM. The effects of the prevention program 'New Perspectives' (NP) on juvenile delinquency and other life domains: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2014; 2:10. [PMID: 25566382 PMCID: PMC4269998 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7283-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New Perspectives (NP) is a prevention program aiming to prevent that youth at onset of a criminal career will develop a persistent criminal behaviour pattern. The effects of NP on juvenile delinquency and other life domains are investigated, using a randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHOD/DESIGN In the present study at-risk youth aged 12 to 23 years are assigned randomly to the intervention (N = 90, NP) or control condition consisting of care as usual (N = 90, CAU). After screening, random assignment, and consent to participate, adolescents and their parents are requested to complete questionnaires. Data are collected at four points in time: at baseline (before the start of the intervention), after 3 months, after 6 months (post-test) and 1 year after treatment (follow-up). Primary outcome measures include involvement in delinquent behaviour and recidivism. Secondary outcome measures include parenting behaviour, life events, prosocial behaviour, deviant and prosocial peers, externalizing behaviour, cognitive distortions, moral reasoning, self-worth, anxiety, depression, client satisfaction, therapeutic alliance and motivation. Standardized questionnaires and interviews are used to collect data. Moderator analyses will also be conducted in order to examine the influence of ethnic background, gender and age on the program effectiveness. DISCUSSION The present study will provide new insights in the effects of a prevention program targeting youth at risk for the development of a persistent criminal career. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch trial register number NTR4370. The study is financially supported by a grant from ZonMw, the Dutch Organization for Health research and Development, grant number 157004006. The study is approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Amsterdam, approval number 2011-CDE-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne LA de Vries
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, Amsterdam, 1018 VZ The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Hoeve
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, Amsterdam, 1018 VZ The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J Asscher
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, Amsterdam, 1018 VZ The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan JM Stams
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, Amsterdam, 1018 VZ The Netherlands
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Asscher JJ, Dijkstra S, Stams GJJM, Deković M, Creemers HE. Family group conferencing in youth care: characteristics of the decision making model, implementation and effectiveness of the Family Group (FG) plans. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:154. [PMID: 24517167 PMCID: PMC3923898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The model of Family group-conferencing (FG-c) for decision making in child welfare has rapidly spread over the world during the past decades. Its popularity is likely to be caused by its philosophy, emphasizing participation and autonomy of families, rather than based on positive research outcomes. Conclusive evidence regarding the (cost) effectiveness of FG-c is not yet available. The aim of this protocol is to describe the design of a study to evaluate the (cost) effectiveness of FG-c as compared to Treatment as Usual. Method/Design The effectiveness of FG-c will be examined by means of a Randomized Controlled Trial. A multi-informant approach will be used to assess child safety as the primary outcome, and commitment of the social network, perceived control/ empowerment; family functioning and use of professional care as secondary outcomes. Implementation of FG-c, characteristics of family manager and family will be examined as moderators of effectiveness. Discussion Studying the effectiveness of Fg-c is crucial now the method is being implemented all over the world as a decision making model in child and youth care. Policy makers should be informed whether the ideals of participation in society and the right for self-determination indeed result in more effective care plans, and the money spent on FG-c is warranted. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register number NTR4320. The design of this study is approved by the independent Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences of The University of Amsterdam (approval number: 2013-POWL-3308). This study is financially supported by a grant from ZonMw, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, grant number: 70-72900-98-13158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Asscher
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van der Put CE, Asscher JJ, Stams GJJM, van der Laan PH, Breuk R, Jongman E, Doreleijers T. Recidivism after treatment in a forensic youth-psychiatric setting: the effect of treatment characteristics. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2013; 57:1120-1139. [PMID: 22811475 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x12452389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of treatment characteristics on recidivism in a forensic youth-psychiatric outpatient clinic. The treatment offered comprised functional family therapy (FFT), individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), or CBT in combination with parent training. Some of the youth additionally participated in aggression replacement training (ART). FFT and ART were implemented as a trial version, meaning that most therapists had not received formal training yet. Treatment characteristics related to recidivism were length of treatment, type of treatment, number of sessions, and the therapist. The longer the period of treatment and the greater the number of sessions, the higher the recidivism, even after controlling for risk of recidivism based on static risk factors. Juveniles who participated in ART reoffended more often than juveniles who had not participated in such training. Given the fact that FFT and ART were not well-implemented trial versions, it can be concluded that poorly implemented treatment leads to poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E van der Put
- Department of Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94208, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Wissink IB, Deković M, Stams GJ, Asscher JJ, Rutten E, Zijlstra BJH. Moral Orientation and Relationships in School and Adolescent Pro- and Antisocial Behaviors. J Sch Nurs 2013; 30:216-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1059840513497402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This multilevel study examined the relationships between moral climate factors and prosocial as well as antisocial behaviors inside and outside the school (school misconduct, delinquent behavior, and vandalism). The moral climate factors were punishment- and victim-based moral orientation, relationships among students, and teacher–student relationships. The analyses of data from 670 students in 69 classes showed that the classroom-level variables only had a significant impact on misconduct at school of students aged 12 to 20. For the other outcome variables, the student-level variables (student and teacher–student relationships, but especially students’ moral orientation) were significant. A novel finding was that a positive teacher–student relationship not only proved to be related to less misconduct inside the school but also to less delinquent behavior and vandalism outside the school. This indicates that the teacher is an important socializing agent for adolescent behavior in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge B. Wissink
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert-Jan Stams
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica J. Asscher
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Rutten
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bonne J. H. Zijlstra
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Forensic Child and Youth Care, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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James C, Stams GJJ, Asscher JJ, De Roo AK, der Laan PHV. Aftercare programs for reducing recidivism among juvenile and young adult offenders: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33:263-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Van den Akker AL, Deković M, Asscher JJ, Shiner RL, Prinzie P. Personality types in childhood: relations to latent trajectory classes of problem behavior and overreactive parenting across the transition into adolescence. J Pers Soc Psychol 2012; 104:750-64. [PMID: 23276273 DOI: 10.1037/a0031184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated relations among children's personality types, trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems, and overreactive parenting across 6 years. Latent Class Analysis of the Big 5 personality dimensions (modeled as latent factors, based on mother, father and teacher reports) for 429 children (mean age 8 years at Time 1) replicated the Resilient, Under-, and Overcontroller types. Latent Class Growth Analysis of externalizing and internalizing problems (modeled as latent factors, based on mother and father reports), revealed that Undercontrollers were at greater risk of belonging to a high/decreasing externalizing problem class and a high/stable co-occurring problem class than were Resilients. Overcontrollers were more likely to be in a high/stable internalizing class and less likely to be in the externalizing problem class, but only at low levels of parental overreactivity. Undercontrollers appeared at double risk as they were at risk for high overreactive parenting, which was an independent risk-factor for the elevated problem trajectories. Because childhood personality types were a risk factor for adjustment problems that persisted into adolescence, Under- and Overcontrollers might be considered as a target for early intervention, with a focus on overreactive parenting for Undercontrollers specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alithe L Van den Akker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Asscher JJ, van der Put CE, Stams GJJM. Differences between juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disability in offense type and risk factors. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33:1905-1913. [PMID: 22750352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine differences between American juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disability (ID) in offense type and risk factors. The sample consisted of adolescents with ID (n=102) and without ID (n=526) who appeared before the courts for a criminal act and for whom the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment (WSJCA) was completed. Results showed that adolescents with ID had committed more offenses against persons compared to adolescents without ID. Few differences in risk factors were found between juvenile offenders with and without ID in the domains of school, family and use of free time. Juvenile offenders without ID more often had problems in the relationship and alcohol/drugs domain, whereas juveniles with ID more often experienced problems in the domains of attitude, aggression and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Asscher
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Deković M, Asscher JJ, Manders WA, Prins PJM, van der Laan P. Within-intervention change: mediators of intervention effects during multisystemic therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 2012; 80:574-87. [PMID: 22563638 DOI: 10.1037/a0028482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study tested the hypothesis that improvements in parental sense of competence during multisystemic therapy (MST) lead to positive changes in parenting, which in turn lead to a decrease of adolescent externalizing problems. Mediational models were tested separately for 3 dimensions of parenting (positive discipline, inept discipline, and relationship quality) that are targeted in MST. Each model included "3-path mediation," in which 2 mediators (i.e., changes in parental sense of competence and parenting dimension) intervene sequentially between the independent (i.e., intervention status) and dependent variable (i.e., change in externalizing problems). METHOD Participants in this randomized controlled trial were 256 adolescents and their families who received either MST (n = 147) or treatment as usual (n = 109). In addition to pre- and postintervention assessments, 5 monthly within-intervention assessments took place. RESULTS Both preintervention-postintervention comparison, through analysis of covariance, and comparison of trajectories during intervention, through latent growth modeling, showed that MST enhanced growth in parental sense of competence and positive discipline, led to no deterioration in relationship quality, and resulted in a decrease in adolescent externalizing problems. The results supported a sequential pattern of change for positive discipline: Changes in parental sense of competence predicted changes in positive discipline, which in turn predicted decrease in adolescent externalizing problems. No support was found for mediated effects of inept discipline and relationship quality. CONCLUSIONS The results affirm the importance of directly targeting parental sense of competence and positive discipline in future interventions aimed at decreasing adolescent problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Deković
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Deković M, Stoltz S, Schuiringa H, Manders W, Asscher JJ. Testing theories through evaluation research: Conceptual and methodological issues embedded in evaluations of parenting programmes. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2011.611423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Asscher JJ, van Vugt ES, Stams GJJM, Deković M, Eichelsheim VI, Yousfi S. The relationship between juvenile psychopathic traits, delinquency and (violent) recidivism: a meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011; 52:1134-43. [PMID: 21599664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of k = 53 studies containing 60 non-overlapping samples and 10,073 participants was conducted to investigate whether psychopathy was associated with delinquency and (violent) recidivism in juveniles. The results showed that psychopathy was moderately associated with delinquency, general recidivism, and violent recidivism. Moderator effects revealed that various study and participant characteristics influenced the strength of the association between psychopathy, delinquency, and (violent) recidivism. It was concluded that screening for the (early) detection of psychopathy is important, as delinquent behavior and recidivism can be predicted from psychopathy as early as the transition from middle childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Asscher
- Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Deković M, Slagt MI, Asscher JJ, Boendermaker L, Eichelsheim VI, Prinzie P. Effects of early prevention programs on adult criminal offending: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 31:532-44. [PMID: 21239100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis investigated the long term effects of prevention programs conducted during early and middle childhood on criminal offending during adulthood. The analyses included 3611 participants in 9 programs. The effect size for adult criminal offending was significant, but small in magnitude (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.06-1.50, p=.011). The effects of the programs on positive outcomes (academic attainment and involvement in productive activity, such as being engaged in school or work) were somewhat larger and more consistent than effects on crime (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.20-1.55, p<.001). Several participant and program characteristics moderated the effectiveness of (early) prevention. Children who were more at-risk and those from a lower SES benefited more. Shorter, but more intensive programs, and programs that focus on social and behavioral skills, rather than on academic skills or family support, tend to produce larger effects. Taken together, these results indicate that early prevention programs can help put children on a more positive developmental trajectory that is maintained into adulthood, but there is still no convincing evidence that they can prevent adult crime. Implications of the findings for research, policy and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Deković
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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