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Moon JS, Ho CC, Park JH, Park K, Shin BY, Lee SH, Sequeira I, Mun CH, Shin JS, Kim JH, Kim BS, Noh JW, Lee ES, Son JY, Kim Y, Lee Y, Cho H, So S, Park J, Choi E, Oh JW, Lee SW, Morio T, Watt FM, Seong RH, Lee SK. Lrig1-expression confers suppressive function to CD4 + cells and is essential for averting autoimmunity via the Smad2/3/Foxp3 axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5382. [PMID: 37666819 PMCID: PMC10477202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are CD4+ T cells with immune-suppressive function, which is defined by Foxp3 expression. However, the molecular determinants defining the suppressive population of T cells have yet to be discovered. Here we report that the cell surface protein Lrig1 is enriched in suppressive T cells and controls their suppressive behaviors. Within CD4+ T cells, Treg cells express the highest levels of Lrig1, and the expression level is further increasing with activation. The Lrig1+ subpopulation from T helper (Th) 17 cells showed higher suppressive activity than the Lrig1- subpopulation. Lrig1-deficiency impairs the suppressive function of Treg cells, while Lrig1-deficient naïve T cells normally differentiate into other T cell subsets. Adoptive transfer of CD4+Lrig1+ T cells alleviates autoimmune symptoms in colitis and lupus nephritis mouse models. A monoclonal anti-Lrig1 antibody significantly improves the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In conclusion, Lrig1 is an important regulator of suppressive T cell function and an exploitable target for treating autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ines Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SunHyeon So
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Choi
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SH, Kim JH, Seong Y, Moon JS, Kim Y, Shin BY, Shin JS, Park J, Park CS, Lee SK. Intranasal administration of nucleus-deliverable GATA3-TMD alleviates the symptoms of allergic asthma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:32-39. [PMID: 36502629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the T helper 2 (Th2) subset is a critical player in the humoral immune response to extracellular parasites and suppression of Th1-mediated inflammation, Th2 cells have been implicated in allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a primary transcription factor that mediates Th2 differentiation and secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Here, a nucleus-deliverable form of GATA3-transcription modulation domain (TMD) (ndG3-TMD) was generated using Hph-1 human protein transduction domain (PTD) to modulate the transcriptional function of endogenous GATA3 without genetic manipulation. ndG3-TMD was shown to be efficiently delivered into the cell nucleus quickly without affecting cell viability or intracellular signaling events for T cell activation. ndG3-TMD exhibited a specific inhibitory function for the endogenous GATA3-mediated transcription, such as Th2 cell differentiation and Th2-type cytokine production. Intranasal administration of ndG3-TMD significantly alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness, infiltration of immune cells, and serum IgE level in an OVA-induced mouse model of asthma. Also, Th2 cytokine secretion by the splenocytes isolated from the ndG3-TMD-treated mice substantially decreased. Our results suggest that ndG3-TMD can be a new therapeutic reagent to suppress Th2-mediated allergic diseases through intranasal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; Good T Cells, Inc., Seoul, 03929, Republic of Korea
| | - Yekyung Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772, Republic of Korea; Good T Cells, Inc., Seoul, 03929, Republic of Korea.
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Shin JS, Jones J, Day E. Use of smartphones as a camera system for flexible cystoscopy during COVID-19 outbreak. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:72-75. [PMID: 34972498 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Day
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
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4
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Jung HJ, Lee W, Shin JS, Lee SK, Lee JH. The Effects of NF-kB Inhibition with p65-TMD-Linked PTD on Inflammatory Responses at Peri-implantitis Sites. Inflammation 2021; 44:2291-2301. [PMID: 34169410 PMCID: PMC8616882 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to find out if suppression of NF-kB complex function by p65-TMD-linked PTD could reduce host inflammation and bone resorption at peri-implantitis sites in rats. Twenty-one male 5-week-old SD rats were divided into three groups: untreated control group (A), silk-induced peri-implantitis group (B), and nt (nucleus transducible)-p65-TMD-treated, silk-induced peri-implantitis group (C). Implant sulcus of a rat in group C were divided into two groups, namely group Cp and Cb. Palatal implant sulcus where nt-p65-TMD solution was applied with an insulin syringe were assigned to group Cp. Buccal implant sulcus without topical nt-p65-TMD application were assigned to group Cb. H&E staining, TRAP staining, and immunohistological staining were done. The crestal bone levels of group A were significantly higher than those of group B at p<0.01. The crestal bone levels of group Cp were significantly higher than those of group Cb at p<0.05. H-E staining showed increased apical migration of junctional epithelium and inflammatory cells in group Cb. TRAP staining revealed more multinucleated osteoclasts in group Cb. As for immunohistological staining, group Cb showed many IL-6-positive cells while group Cp had none. In this study, p65-TMD-linked PTD inhibited NF-kB functions and reduced inflammation and bone resorption at peri-implantitis sites in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Jung
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
- The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Won Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
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Shin JS, Kim I, Moon JS, Ho CC, Choi MS, Ghosh S, Lee SK. Intranuclear Delivery of HIF-1α-TMD Alleviates EAE via Functional Conversion of TH17 Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741938. [PMID: 34745114 PMCID: PMC8566938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (TH17) cells are involved in several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition to retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is essential for the differentiation and inflammatory function of TH17 cells. To investigate the roles of HIF-1α in the functional regulation of TH17 cells under the normal physiological condition without genetic modification, the nucleus-transducible form of transcription modulation domain (TMD) of HIF-1α (ntHIF-1α-TMD) was generated by conjugating HIF-1α-TMD to Hph-1 protein transduction domain (PTD). ntHIF-1α-TMD was effectively delivered into the nucleus of T cells without cellular cytotoxicity. ntHIF-1α-TMD significantly blocked the differentiation of naïve T cells into TH17 cells in a dose-dependent manner via IL-17A and ROR-γt expression inhibition. However, T-cell activation events such as induction of CD69, CD25, and IL-2 and the differentiation potential of naïve T cells into TH1, TH2, or Treg cells were not affected by ntHIF-1α-TMD. Interestingly, TH17 cells differentiated from naïve T cells in the presence of ntHIF-1α-TMD showed a substantial level of suppressive activity toward the activated T cells, and the increase of Foxp3 and IL-10 expression was detected in these TH17 cells. When mRNA expression pattern was compared between TH17 cells and ntHIF-1α-TMD-treated TH17 cells, the expression of the genes involved in the differentiation and functions of TH17 cells was downregulated, and that of the genes necessary for immune-suppressive functions of Treg cells was upregulated. When the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were treated with ntHIF-1α-TMD with anti-IL-17A mAb as a positive control, the therapeutic efficacy of ntHIF-1α-TMD in vivo was comparable with that of anti-IL-17A mAb, and ntHIF-1α-TMD-mediated therapeutic effect was contributed by the functional conversion of TH17 cells into immune-suppressive T cells. The results in this study demonstrate that ntHIF-1α-TMD can be a new therapeutic reagent for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases in which TH17 cells are dominant and pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilkoo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Precision Immune-Medicine, Good T Cells, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
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Kang CM, Mo S, Jeon M, Jung UW, Shin Y, Shin JS, Shin BY, Lee SK, Choi HJ, Song JS. Intranuclear Delivery of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B p65 in a Rat Model of Tooth Replantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041987. [PMID: 33671455 PMCID: PMC7922502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After avulsion and replantation, teeth are at risk of bone and root resorption. The present study aimed to demonstrate that the intra-nuclear transducible form of transcription modulation domain of p65 (nt-p65-TMD) can suppress osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and reduce bone resorption in a rat model of tooth replantation. Cell viability and nitric oxide release were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells using CCK-8 assay and Griess reaction kit. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Thirty-two maxillary rat molars were extracted and stored in saline (n = 10) or 10 µM nt-p65-TMD solution (n = 22) before replantation. After 4 weeks, specimens were scored according to the inflammatory pattern using micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging and histological analyses. nt-p65-TMD treatment resulted in significant reduction of nitric oxide release and osteoclast differentiation as studied using PCR and TRAP staining. Further, micro-CT analysis revealed a significant decrease in bone resorption in the nt-p65-TMD treatment group (p < 0.05). Histological analysis of nt-p65-TMD treatment group showed that not only bone and root resorption, but also inflammation of the periodontal ligament and epithelial insertion was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that nt-p65-TMD has the unique capabilities of regulating bone remodeling after tooth replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Seunghan Mo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Mijeong Jeon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yooseok Shin
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-S.S.); (B.-Y.S.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Bo-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-S.S.); (B.-Y.S.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-S.S.); (B.-Y.S.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Hyung-Jun Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (J.S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3175 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-2228-3170 (J.S.S.); Fax: +82-2 365-7420 (H.-J.C.); +82-2 365-7420 (J.S.S.)
| | - Je Seon Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (J.S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3175 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-2228-3170 (J.S.S.); Fax: +82-2 365-7420 (H.-J.C.); +82-2 365-7420 (J.S.S.)
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Lee HJ, Shin BY, Moon JS, Fadriquela A, Nuwormegbe SA, Ho CC, Shin JS, Yoon JS, Lee SK, Kim SK. Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Oh SM, Shin JS, Kim IK, Kim JH, Moon JS, Lee SK, Lee JH. Therapeutic Effects of HIF-1α on Bone Formation around Implants in Diabetic Mice Using Cell-Penetrating DNA-Binding Protein. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040760. [PMID: 30791543 PMCID: PMC6412638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes are susceptible to implant failure due to impaired bone metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that is up-regulated in response to reduced oxygen during bone repair, is known to mediate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, its function is inhibited under hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients. This study thus evaluates the effects of exogenous HIF-1α on bone formation around implants by applying HIF-1α to diabetic mice and normal mice via a protein transduction domain (PTD)-mediated DNA delivery system. Implants were placed in the both femurs of diabetic and normal mice. HIF-1α and placebo gels were injected to implant sites of the right and left femurs, respectively. We found that bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone volume (BV) were significantly greater in the HIF-1α treated group than placebo in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed that diabetic mice had 216 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 21 target genes. Among the target genes, NOS2, GPNMB, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL16, and TRIM63 were found to be associated with bone formation. Based on these results, we conclude that local administration of HIF-1α via PTD may boost bone formation around the implant and induce gene expression more favorable to bone formation in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Oh
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Il-Koo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Research Institute for Precision Immuno-medicine, Good T Cells Incorporated, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Research Institute for Precision Immuno-medicine, Good T Cells Incorporated, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Moon JS, Lee HJ, Ho CC, Shin JS, Ghosh S, Kim JH, Lee SK. Immuno-suppressive function of nucleus-transducible BAF57-ΔPH in T cell activation via degradation of endogenous BAF57. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:375-383. [PMID: 29978433 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The BAF57 subunit, an indispensable member of the BAF complex, is functionally implicated in apoptosis, cell cycle, and T cell development through chromosomal remodeling. However, the precise roles of BAF57 in the T cell receptor (TcR)-mediated signaling pathway have not been elucidated. In this study, a nucleus-transducible form of BAF57, absent the proline-rich and HMG domains (ntBAF57-ΔPH), was generated to interfere with the interaction between BAF57 and its binding protein, BAF155. ntBAF57-ΔPH was effectively delivered into mouse CD4+ T cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, without cellular toxicity. Inhibition of T cell activation by ntBAF57-ΔPH was mediated by its disruption of the interaction between BAF155 and BAF57, leading to the degradation of endogenous BAF57 and BAF155. This phenomenon led to alterations in gene expression similar to those associated with Ciclosporin A treatment. In vivo administration of ntBAF57-ΔPH enhanced survival rate of sepsis-induced mice and reduced the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of endogenous BAF57. These results reveal a novel function of BAF57 as an essential regulator of T cell activation. ntBAF57-ΔPH represents a novel immune-suppressive drug candidate with potential uses in the treatment of autoimmunity and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Good T cells, Inc, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Good T cells, Inc, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Moon JS, Mun CH, Kim JH, Cho JY, Park SD, Park TY, Shin JS, Ho CC, Park YB, Ghosh S, Bothwell ALM, Lee SW, Lee SK. Intranuclear delivery of the transcription modulation domain of Tbet-improved lupus nephritis in (NZB/NZW) F1 lupus-prone mice. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1118-1130. [PMID: 29409726 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive expression of Tbet and IFNγ is evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in lupus patients. In this study, the nucleus-transducible form of Transcription Modulation Domain (TMD) of Tbet (ntTbet-TMD), which is a fusion protein between Protein Transduction Domain Hph-1 (Hph-1-PTD) and the TMD of Tbet comprising DNA binding domain and isotype-specific domain, was generated to inhibit Tbet-mediated transcription in the interactomic manner. ntTbet-TMD was effectively delivered into the nucleus of the cells and specifically inhibited Tbet-mediated transcription without influencing the differentiation of other T cell subsets and signaling events for T cell activation. The severity of nephritis was significantly reduced by ntTbet-TMD as effectively as methylprednisolone in lupus-prone mice. The number of Th1, Th2 or Th17 cells and the secretion of their cytokines substantially decreased in the spleen and kidney of lupus-prone mice by ntTbet-TMD treatment. In contrast to methylprednisolone, the marked increase of Treg cells and the secretion of their immunosuppressive cytokine were detected in the spleen of (NZB/NZW) F1 mice treated with ntTbet-TMD. Thus, ntTbet-TMD can improve nephritis in lupus-prone mice by modulating the overall proinflammatory microenvironment and rebalancing T cell subsets, leading to new immune therapeutics for Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seung Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Hee Mun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jen-Young Cho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sung-Dong Park
- MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Park
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Good T cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Shin JS, Sun K, Son HS, Kim HM, Kim KT, Ahn SS, Park SY, Rho YR, Lee HS, Min BG. A Preclinical Cadaver Fitting Study of Implantable Biventricular Assist Device - AnyHeart™. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 27:495-500. [PMID: 15293355 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402700608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional, Korean-made artificial heart (AnyHeart™) was developed, and prior to its clinical application, a cadaver-fitting study was performed. The study proposed to determine the optimal cannulation approach, implantation technique and route of the cannula to minimize the organ compression of AnyHeart™. The anatomical feasibility and a variety of surgical techniques were evaluated using ten preserved, human cadavers. Implanting AnyHeart™ with ease is possible using various approaches, including a median sternotomy, and a right or left lateral thoracotomy. The lateral thoracotomy approach is shown to be safe and reproducible, especially in patients who have already undergone an operation that used a median sternotomy. The results of this study will guide improvements in the designs of cannulae and AnyHeart™ for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute of Medical Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Li XZ, Yan CG, Yu J, Gao QS, Choi SH, Shin JS, Smith SB. Dietary whole and cracked linseed increases the proportion of oleic and α-linolenic acids in adipose tissues and decreases stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase gene expression in the longissimus thoracis muscle of Yanbian Yellow cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:718-726. [PMID: 28380598 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that supplementation of linseed in a beef cattle fattening diet would increase PUFA concentrations in intramuscular adipose tissue and depress (), (), and () gene expression by decreasing () expression. Conversely, supplemental linseed would upregulate expression of () and () in muscle of Yanbian Yellow steers. Thirty steers were assigned at random to 3 groups of 10 steers fed either the basal diet (corn grain and corn silage-based commercial concentrate [CON]), the CON diet plus 8% whole linseed (WLS; DM basis), or the CON diet plus 8% cracked linseed (CLS; DM basis) for 6 mo. The WLS and CLS supplements did not affect carcass weight, backfat thickness, or marbling scores ( > 0.10) but increased rib eye area and fat color (more yellow; < 0.05). The WLS and CLS diets decreased the proportions of 16:0 and 18:0 and increased the proportions of 18:1-9, 18:3-3, -9, -11 conjugated linoleic acid, total MUFA, and total PUFA in intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissues. The WLS and CLS diets increased and gene expression whereas the supplements depressed , , , and gene expression in longissimus thoracis muscle, relative to CON muscle, consistent with our hypothesis. Because the WLS and CLS treatments did not affect any measure of carcass adiposity, these results indicated that linseed supplements promoted uptake of dietary lipids while concurrently depressing de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in adipose tissue.
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13
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Matsumura S, Quispe-Salcedo A, Schiller CM, Shin JS, Locke BM, Yakar S, Shimizu E. IGF-1 Mediates EphrinB1 Activation in Regulating Tertiary Dentin Formation. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1153-1161. [PMID: 28489485 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517708572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors belong to a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by membrane-spanning ligands called ephrins. Previously, we demonstrated that the ephrinB1-EphB2 interaction regulates odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation from dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro. The goal of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms regulated by the EphB2/ephrinB1 system that govern tertiary dentin formation in vitro and in vivo. During tooth development, ephrinB1, and EphB2 were expressed in preodontoblast and odontoblasts at postnatal day 4. EphrinB1 was continuously expressed in odontoblasts and odontoblastic processes until the completion of tooth eruption. In addition, ephrinB1 was expressed in odontoblastic processes 2 wk following tooth injury without pulp exposure, whereas EphB2 was expressed in the center of pulp niches but not odontoblasts. In a model of tooth injury with pulp exposure, ephrinB1 was strongly expressed in odontoblasts 4 wk postinjury. In vitro studies with human and mouse DPCs treated with calcium hydroxide (CH) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) showed an increased expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Experiments using several inhibitors of IGF-1 receptor signaling revealed that inhibiting the Ras/Raf-1/MAPK pathway inhibited EphB2 expression, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway specifically inhibited ephrinB1 gene expression. Tooth injury in mice with odontoblast-specific IGF-1 receptor ablation exhibited a reduced tertiary dentin volume, mineral density, and ephrinB1 expression 4 wk following injury. We conclude that the IGF-1/ephrinB1 axis plays significant roles in the early stages of tooth injury. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of targeting ephrinB1 as a regenerative pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumura
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - A Quispe-Salcedo
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - C M Schiller
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - J S Shin
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - B M Locke
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - S Yakar
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - E Shimizu
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,3 Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Li XZ, Choi SH, Yan CG, Shin JS, Smith SB. Dietary linseed oil with or without malate increases conjugated linoleic acid and oleic acid in milk fat and and gene expression in mammary gland and milk somatic cells of lactating goats. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3572-3583. [PMID: 27695785 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementary dietary plant oils have the potential to alter milk fatty acid composition in ruminants as a result of changes in the amount and kind of fatty acid precursors. We hypothesized that linseed oil in combination with malate (a key propionate precursor in the rumen) would increase ∆9 unsaturated fatty acids and specific gene expression in somatic cells and mammary glands of lactating goats. Twelve lactating goats were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments included the basal diet (CON), the CON plus 4% linseed oil (LO), and the CON plus 4% linseed oil and 2% -malate (LOM). Relative to CON, the LO and LOM supplements increased the daily intake of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1-9), linoleic (18:2-6), α-linolenic (18:3-3), and γ-linolenic acids (18:2-6); α-linolenic acid intake was increased over 9-fold, from 6.77 to over 51 g/d ( < 0.02). The LO and LOM supplements increased daily milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage ( < 0.05). The LOM supplement also increased milk lactose percentage and daily yield ( = 0.03). Both the LO and LOM supplements increased plasma glucose and total cholesterol and decreased plasma β-hydroxbutyrate concentrations ( = 0.03). The LO and LOM supplements increased concentrations of stearic acid; -vaccenic acid (TVA; 18:1-11); -9, -11 CLA; -10 -12 CLA; and α-linolenic acid in rumen fluid and increased the concentrations of oleic acid; TVA; -9, -11 CLA; -10, -12 CLA; and α-linolenic acid in plasma lipids and milk fat ( < 0.05). Conversely, the LO and LOM supplements decreased short- and medium-chain SFA, including lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), and palmitic acids, in plasma and milk fat ( < 0.05). Relative mRNA levels for and () gene expression were increased in somatic cells and mammary gland tissue by LO and LOM ( < 0.05). We conclude that the higher intake and ruminal production of stearic acid promoted SCD gene expression in somatic cells and mammary tissue. Furthermore, milk somatic cells are a suitable substitute for documenting treatment effects of dietary oils on gene expression in goat mammary tissue.
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15
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Jung SA, Lee DH, Moon JH, Hong SW, Shin JS, Hwang IY, Shin YJ, Kim JH, Gong EY, Kim SM, Lee EY, Lee S, Kim JE, Kim KP, Hong YS, Lee JS, Jin DH, Kim T, Lee WJ. Corrigendum to 'L-Ascorbic acid can abrogate SVCT-2-dependent cetuximab resistance mediated by mutant KRAS in human colon cancer cells': [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 95 (2016) 200-208]. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:620. [PMID: 27476024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Jung
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Moon
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Hong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Y Hwang
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Shin
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Y Gong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Y Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K P Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Hong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Jin
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - T Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W J Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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16
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Abstract
Plasmacytomas are localized neoplastic proliferations of monoclonal plasma cells. When multifocal, the process is referred to as multiple myeloma. These lesions exhibit a pattern of antigen expression and cytomorphology that usually leads to a ready diagnosis. However, potentially troublesome variations in immunophenotype occur. We describe a case of a plasmacytoma from a patient who presented with sudden onset of pain and a lytic lesion of the left proximal humerus. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed a lymphoproliferative lesion composed of large lymphoid cells, some with plasmacytoid and immunoblastic features. The lesion also showed significant mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD45 (LCA), CD56 (N-CAM), CD43 (MT1), and cytokeratin CAM5.2. There was also clonal staining for λ light chains. In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed positivity for myeloid markers such as CD13, CD33, CD38, and CD138. Significant negative markers include CD20 (L26), CD45RO (UCHL-1), and CD79α. The unusual phenotypic features of this plasmacytoma illustrate potential diagnostic pitfalls. It is important to fully study such lesions to correctly classify them, because this has significant impact on prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Jo CH, Shin JS, Shin WH, Lee SY, Yoon KS, Shin S. Corrigendum. Platelet-rich plasma for arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:NP3. [PMID: 26729728 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515621880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Jo CH, Shin JS, Shin WH, Lee SY, Yoon KS, Shin S. Platelet-rich plasma for arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2015 43(9):2102-2110. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0363546515587081 )
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18
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Shin JS, Kim JM, Kim JS, Min BH, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Yoon IH, Kang HJ, Kim J, Hwang ES, Lim DG, Lee WW, Ha J, Jung KC, Park SH, Kim SJ, Park CG. Long-term control of diabetes in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates (NHP) by the transplantation of adult porcine islets. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2837-50. [PMID: 26096041 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pig islets are an alternative source for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reproducible curative potential in the pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) model has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that pig islet grafts survived and maintained normoglycemia for >6 months in four of five consecutive immunosuppressed NHPs. Pig islets were isolated from designated pathogen-free (DPF) miniature pigs and infused intraportally into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys under pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and maintenance with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody and low-dose sirolimus. Ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cells were adoptively transferred in three recipients. Blood glucose levels were promptly normalized in all five monkeys and normoglycemia (90-110 mg/dL) was maintained for >6 months in four cases, the longest currently up to 603 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests during the follow-up period showed excellent glucose disposal capacity and porcine C-peptide responses. Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells was likely to be associated with more stable and durable normoglycemia. Importantly, the recipients showed no serious adverse effects. Taken together, our results confirm the clinical feasibility of pig islet transplantation to treat T1D patients without the need for excessive immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B H Min
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Jang
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I H Yoon
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E S Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D G Lim
- National Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - W W Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K C Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Myong-Ji Hospital, Koyang-si, Kyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Sim JA, Shin JS, Park SM, Chang YJ, Shin A, Noh DY, Han W, Yang HK, Lee HJ, Kim YW, Kim YT, Jeong SY, Yoon JH, Kim YJ, Heo DS, Kim TY, Oh DY, Wu HG, Kim HJ, Chie EK, Kang KW, Yun YH. Association between information provision and decisional conflict in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1974-1980. [PMID: 26116430 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to identify demographic and clinical variables that correlate with perceived information provision among cancer patients and determine the association of information provision with decisional conflict (DC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled a total of 625 patients with cancer from two Korean hospitals in 2012. We used the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality-of-life questionnaire (QLQ-INFO26) to assess patients' perception of the information received from their doctors and the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) to assess DC. To identify predictive sociodemographic and clinical variables for adequate information provision, backward selective logistic regression analyses were conducted. In addition, adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify clinically meaningful differences of perceived level of information subscales associated with high DC. RESULTS More than half of patients with cancer showed insufficient satisfaction with medical information about disease (56%), treatment (73%), other services (83%), and global score (80%). In multiple logistic regression analyses, lower income and education, female, unmarried status, type of cancer with good prognosis, and early stage of treatment process were associated with patients' perception of inadequate information provision. In addition, Information about the medical tests with high DCS values clarity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.97] and support (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.33-0.85) showed negative significance. For inadequate information perception about treatments and other services, all 5 DCS scales (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision) were negatively related. Global score of inadequate information provision also showed negative association with high DCS effective decision (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI 0.26-0.71) and DCS uncertainty (aOR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.27-0.77). CONCLUSION This study found that inadequate levels of perceived information correlated with several demographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, sufficient perceived information levels may be related to low levels of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Education & Human Resources Development, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y J Chang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si
| | - A Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine
| | - D Y Noh
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - W Han
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - H K Yang
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - Y W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Y T Kim
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - S Y Jeong
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - J H Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul; Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul; Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D S Heo
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - T Y Kim
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - D Y Oh
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H G Wu
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Departments of Radiation Oncology
| | - H J Kim
- Departments of Radiation Oncology
| | - E K Chie
- Departments of Radiation Oncology
| | - K W Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Y H Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;.
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Shin JS, Lee JY, Cho KH, Park HL, Kukulka M, Wu JT, Kim DY, Park SH. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of oral doses of ilaprazole 10, 20 and 40 mg and esomeprazole 40 mg in healthy subjects: a randomised, open-label crossover study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:548-61. [PMID: 25041486 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ilaprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) currently in clinical use, may provide improved acid suppression vs. other PPIs. AIM To compare the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of ilaprazole and esomeprazole. METHODS A phase 1, randomised, open-label, single-centre, 4-period crossover study was conducted in 40 healthy volunteers. Ilaprazole 10, 20 or 40 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg was administered once daily for 5 days with ≥5-day washout intervals. Pharmacokinetic blood samples and intragastric pH measurements were collected at scheduled timepoints for 24 h after dosing on Days 1 and 5. RESULTS Esomeprazole 40 mg provided significantly better pH control during the initial hours (0-4 h) after a single dose, but ilaprazole (particularly 20 and 40 mg) provided significantly better pH control for the entire 24-h period and during evening and overnight hours after single and multiple doses. Increasing ilaprazole doses resulted in dose-proportional increases in peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve following single and multiple doses. Ilaprazole was safe and generally well tolerated; an unexpectedly high incidence of allergic eye and skin reactions were observed but were not specific to any dosing regimen. Plasma gastrin concentrations did not increase proportionately with increasing ilaprazole dose. CONCLUSIONS Ilaprazole provided significantly better pH control over 24 h and during evening and overnight hours compared with esomeprazole in healthy volunteers, which may translate to greater relief of night-time heartburn in the clinical setting for patients with gastric acid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Central Research Institute, IL-YANG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, South Korea
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Li XZ, Park BK, Yan CG, Choi JG, Ahn JS, Shin JS. Effect of alcohol fermented feed on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk Fatty Acid profile and cholesterol content in holstein lactating cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1546-52. [PMID: 25049515 PMCID: PMC4093031 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A feeding experiment with 40 lactating Holstein cows and 4 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation with different levels of alcohol fermented feed to the TMR on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration of blood and milk. Forty Holstein lactating cows (106±24 d post-partum; mean±SD) were distributed into four groups and randomly assigned to one of four treatments with each containing 10 cows per treatment. The treatment supplemented with TMR (DM basis) as the control (CON), and CON mixed with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5%, 10% and 15% of the TMR as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by supplementation of AFF. An increased 4% FCM in the milk occurred in cows fed T3 diet compared with CON, while T1 and T2 diets decreased 4% FCM in a dose dependent manner. Supplementation of AFF increased the concentration of albumin, total protein (TP), ammonia, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum compared with CON. In contrast, supplementation with AFF clearly decreased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC) compare with CON. AFF supplementation increased the proportion of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 compared to CON. A decrease in the concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) for T1, T2 and T3 resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to SFA ratio compared to CON. Concentration of cholesterol in milk fat was reduced in proportion to the supplemental level of AFF. Feeding a diet supplemented with a moderate level AFF to lactating cows could be a way to alter the feed efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk by increasing potentially human consumer healthy fatty acid without detrimental effects on feed intake and milk production. A substantially decreased cholesterol proportion in milk induced by supplementation AFF suggests that alcohol fermented feed may improve milk cholesterol levels without any negative effects in lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
| | - B K Park
- Nonghyup Feed Co., LTD., Seoul 134-763, Korea
| | - C G Yan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
| | - J G Choi
- Deahan Livestock and Feed Co., LTD. BukSung-Dong, 1-Ka, Chung-Ku, Incheon 400-201, Korea
| | - J S Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
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An HJ, Choi EK, Kim JS, Hong SW, Moon JH, Shin JS, Ha SH, Kim KP, Hong YS, Lee JL, Choi EK, Lee JS, Jin DH, Kim TW. INCB018424 induces apoptotic cell death through the suppression of pJAK1 in human colon cancer cells. Neoplasma 2014; 61:56-62. [PMID: 24195509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) is one of the main upstream activators of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) that are constitutively activated in various malignancies and are associated with cell growth, survival, and carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of JAKs in colorectal cancer in order to develop effective therapeutic targets for INCB018424, which is the first JAK1/2 inhibitor to be approved by FDA. After examining the basal expression levels of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2, we measured the effects of INCB018424 on the phosphorylation of JAK1/2 using western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The cell death mechanism was identified by the activation of caspase 3 using western blot and annexin V staining. The basal levels of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2 were cancer cell type dependent. Colorectal cancer cell lines that phosphorylate both JAK1 and JAK2 include DLD-1 and RKO. INCB018424 inactivates both JAK1 and JAK2 in DLD-1 cells but inactivates only JAK1 in RKO cells. Cell death was proportional to the inactivation of JAK1 but not JAK2. INCB018424 causes caspase-dependent cell death, which is prevented by treatment with z-VAD. The inhibition of JAK1 phosphorylation seemed sufficient to allow INCB018424-mediated apoptosis. JAK1 is a key molecule that is involved in colon cancer cell survival and the inhibition of JAK1 by INCB01424 results in caspase-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The use of selective JAK1 inhibitors could be an attractive therapy against colorectal cancer, but further clinical investigations are needed to test this possibility.
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Kim MJ, Lee JS, Kumar S, Rahman MM, Shin JS, Ra CS. Indirect Estimation of CH4 from Livestock Feeds through TOCs Evaluation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:496-501. [PMID: 25049590 PMCID: PMC4092901 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five available feeds were fermented in vitro in order to investigate their soluble total organic carbon (TOCs) and methane (CH4) production rate. A fermentation reactor was designed to capture the CH4 gas emitted and to collect liquor from the reactor during in vitro fermentation. The results showed that CH4 production rate greatly varied among feeds with different ingredients. The lowest CH4-producing feeds were corn gluten feed, brewer’s grain, and orchard grass among the energy, protein, and forage feed groups, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in digestibility, soluble total organic carbon (TOCs), and CH4 emissions among feeds, during 48 h of in vitro fermentation. Digestibility and TOCs was not found to be related due to different fermentation pattern of each but TOCs production was directly proportional to CH4 production (y = 0.0076x, r2 = 0.83). From this in vitro study, TOCs production could be used as an indirect index for estimation of CH4 emission from feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - M M Rahman
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - C S Ra
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
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Park I, Park RW, Lim SK, Lee W, Shin JS, Yu S, Shin GT, Kim H. Rectal culture screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in chronic haemodialysis patients: false-negative rates and duration of colonisation. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79:147-50. [PMID: 21764175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Infection or colonisation with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is common in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. However, there is limited information on the duration of VRE colonisation or on the reliability of consecutive negative rectal cultures to determine the clearance of VRE in chronic HD patients. Chronic HD patients from whom VRE was isolated were examined retrospectively. Rectal cultures were collected more than three times, at least one week apart, between 1 June 2003 and 1 March 2010. The results of the sequential VRE cultures and patients' data were analysed. Among 812 patients from whom VRE was isolated, 89 were chronic HD patients and 92 had three consecutive negative cultures. It took 60.7 ± 183.9 and 111.4 ± 155.4 days to collect three consecutive negative cultures in the 83 non-chronic haemodialysis patients and nine chronic HD patients, respectively (P = 0.011). The independent risk factors for more than three negative sequential rectal cultures were glycopeptide usage [odds ratio (OR): 2.155; P = 0.003] and length of hospital stay (OR: 1.009; P = 0.001). After three consecutive negative rectal cultures, two of six chronic HD patients and 10 of 36 non-HD patients were culture positive again. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients colonised with VRE cannot be detected by three-weekly rectal cultures, and the duration of VRE colonisation in chronic haemodialysis patients tends to be prolonged. These results may be contributing to the continued increase in the prevalence of VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Park
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim HT, Kim DW, Hwang JS, Shin JS, Whang D, Ahn D, Hwang SW. Probing the continuous radio frequency spectrum of water relaxation using a carbon nanotube. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:072201. [PMID: 21411871 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/7/072201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have obtained the continuous radio frequency spectrum of water molecule relaxation using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a high-speed nanoprobe. Three sets of characteristic time scales are clearly identified. Two sets are attributed to the electric-field-driven polarization of water molecules bound to CNTs and the collective relaxation of water layers in the vicinity of CNTs, respectively. The third set is appreciable only in air, and can be related to triplet oxygen relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Kim
- Research Center for Time-domain Nano-functional Devices and School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam, Sungbuk, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid hormone important for health and disease prevention. The actions of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D receptor that binds the active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] to induce both transcriptional and non-genomic responses. Vitamin D has well known classical functions in calcium uptake and bone metabolism, but more recent work highlights the importance of the nonclassical actions of vitamin D in a variety of cell types. These actions include modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and regulation of cell proliferation. Adequate vitamin D intake is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, and epidemiological data indicate that many pregnant women have sub-optimal vitamin D levels. Notably, vitamin D deficiency correlates with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and bacterial vaginosis, and an increased risk for C-section delivery. Recent work emphasizes the importance of nonclassical roles of vitamin D in pregnancy and the placenta. The placenta produces and responds to vitamin D where vitamin D functions as a modulator of implantation, cytokine production and the immune response to infection. We describe vitamin D metabolism and the cellular responses to vitamin D, and then summarize the role of vitamin D in placental trophoblast, pregnancy and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid hormone important for health and disease prevention. The actions of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D receptor that binds the active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] to induce both transcriptional and non-genomic responses. Vitamin D has well known classical functions in calcium uptake and bone metabolism, but more recent work highlights the importance of the nonclassical actions of vitamin D in a variety of cell types. These actions include modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and regulation of cell proliferation. Adequate vitamin D intake is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, and epidemiological data indicate that many pregnant women have sub-optimal vitamin D levels. Notably, vitamin D deficiency correlates with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and bacterial vaginosis, and an increased risk for C-section delivery. Recent work emphasizes the importance of nonclassical roles of vitamin D in pregnancy and the placenta. The placenta produces and responds to vitamin D where vitamin D functions as a modulator of implantation, cytokine production and the immune response to infection. We describe vitamin D metabolism and the cellular responses to vitamin D, and then summarize the role of vitamin D in placental trophoblast, pregnancy and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin JS, Kim BG. Kinetic resolution of alpha-methylbenzylamine with omicron-transaminase screened from soil microorganisms: application of a biphasic system to overcome product inhibition. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 55:348-58. [PMID: 18636493 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970720)55:2<348::aid-bit12>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two microorganisms showing high omicron-transaminase activity (Klebsiella pneumoniae JS2F and Bacillus thuringiensis JS64) were screened by the enrichment method using (S)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (alpha-MBA) as a sole nitrogen source. Optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for enzyme induction and the properties of omicron-transaminases were investigated. omicron-Transaminase from B. thuringiensis JS64 was highly enantioselective (E = 75.3) for (S)-enantiomer of alpha-MBA and showed remarkable stability. However, omicron-transaminase showed severe product inhibition by acetophenone. An aqueous/organic two-phase system was introduced to overcome this problem. Through solvent screening, cyclohexanone and ethyl acetate were selected as the best organic phases. The acetophenone-extracting capacity of the solvent and the biocompatibility of the solvent to the cell were important determinants in the reaction rate at high concentrations of alpha-MBA. The reaction rate of omicron-transamination was strongly influenced by the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase as well as agitation speed in the biphasic mixture. Using the optimal volume ratio (Vorg:Vaq = 1:4) in the biphasic system with cyclohexanone, the reaction rate of omicron-transaminase under vigorous mixing conditions increased ninefold compared with that in the monophasic aqueous system. At the same optimal conditions, using whole cells, 500 mM alpha-MBA could be resolved successfully to above 95% enantiomeric excess of (R)-alpha-MBA with ca. 51% conversion. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 348-358, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Chemical Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jang HY, Ji SJ, Kim YH, Lee HY, Shin JS, Cheong HT, Kim JT, Park IC, Kong HS, Park CK, Yang BK. Antioxidative Effects of Astaxanthin against Nitric Oxide-Induced Oxidative Stress on Cell Viability and Gene Expression in Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell and the Developmental Competence of Bovine IVM/IVF Embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:967-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The locations of cortex controlling motor, sensory, or language functions can change in adult humans under some circumstances, such as expanding tumours, trauma or continuous focal seizures. It is not clear what other circumstances might result in changes in cortical functional maps. METHODS The results of extraoperative cortical mappings of motor, sensory, and language functions were compared in two epilepsy patients who underwent cortical resections on two separate occasions and who did not have brain tumours. RESULTS It was found that the locations of motor functions could differ between the first and second procedures, but the locations of language functions were quite similar. The changes were not necessarily in or adjacent to epileptogenic regions or adjacent to resection boundaries. CONCLUSIONS These findings support previous evidence indicating that cortical functional representations can change over time in humans, and suggest that these changes cannot be explained solely by lesion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 2-147, Meyer Building, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-7247, USA
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Shin JS, Han Y, Ju SG, Shin EH, Ahn YC. SU-GG-J-32: Analysis of Imaging Doses for Optimal Management of 4D-IGRT Treatments. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) increase in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and also correlate with other inflammatory indices. METHODS Serum samples from 10 patients with KD, 15 normal healthy subjects, and seven febrile control subjects were assayed for MIF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS There was a significant increase in the serum levels of MIF in the acute stage of KD [113.06 (range 20.6-157.36) ng/mL] compared with those in the subacute stage [28.11 (8.57-143.48) ng/mL, p<0.01], normal controls [12.95 (8.40-18.67) ng/mL, p<0.001], and febrile controls [36.58 (21.31-59.67) ng/mL, p = 0.01]. The increase in MIF correlated with an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.52, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION MIF may be a useful marker in the acute stage of KD and may provide important clues to the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute for immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jang MK, Chae KR, Hwang DY, Kim CK, Kim BG, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Shin JS, Lee SH, Chung NH, Cho JS, Choi SY, Kim YK. Glucocorticoid receptor represses the Dex-mediated induction of human androgen response element-linked Luc activity. Gen Physiol Biophys 2007; 26:56-61. [PMID: 17579255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A human androgen response element (hARE), identified within intron 8 of the human sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein, interacts with both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptors (AR). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that human GR (hGR) might modulate the expression of a hARE-linked reporter gene by dexamethasone (Dex). The hypothesis was tested by: a) co-transfecting HepG2 cells with a hGR and a luciferase (Luc)-reporter gene for performing in vitro investigations and b) by their co-injection into the tail vein of mice for in vivo investigation. In vitro co-transfected cells and the in vivo co-injected mice were then treated with Dex. Our results have led us to concluded that both transfection and injection of the hGR leads to a repression in the Dex-mediated induction of hARE-linked Luc activity both in vitro and in vivo settings. These findings suggest that this assay system allows screening of drug candidates affecting to a signal transduction pathway of the GR and AR and may help in the future discovery and analysis of novel and selection of GR and AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administra-tion, Seoul, Korea
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Cho SK, Jung KW, Jeung JU, Kang KH, Shim KS, You MK, Yoo KS, Ok SH, Shin JS. Analysis of differentially expressed transcripts from planthopper-infested wild rice (Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep 2005; 24:59-67. [PMID: 15635457 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Revised: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A subtracted library was constructed from planthopper-infested wild rice (Oryza minuta) by suppression subtractive hybridization in combination with mirror orientation selection. To screen the differentially expressed transcripts in the library, we applied a cDNA microarray containing 960 random clones in a reverse Northern blot analysis using cDNA probes prepared from the mRNAs of control and planthopper-infested samples. On the basis of the signal intensities and expression ratios obtained from experiments performed in triplicate, we selected 383 clones. The elevated expression levels and overall profiles over time were verified by Northern blot analysis. Although Southern blot analysis showed similar copy numbers of the screened genes in O. minuta and O. sativa, it also revealed that the expression profiles had a different pattern. Functional categorization placed the identified transcripts in the categories of subcellular localization, metabolism, and protein fate. The presence of these expressed sequence tags implies that resistance of O. minuta to insect infestation can be achieved not only by an elevated expression of defense-related genes but also by enhanced metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Cho
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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Cho SK, Ok SH, Jeung JU, Shim KS, Jung KW, You MK, Kang KH, Chung YS, Choi HC, Moon HP, Shin JS. Comparative analysis of 5,211 leaf ESTs of wild rice (Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:839-847. [PMID: 14968263 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Revised: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) presented in this report are the first transcriptomes of wild rice. A cDNA library was constructed from 4-week-old leaf samples of greenhouse-grown Oryza minuta. The 5,211 cDNA clones of O. minuta represent 3,401 unique sequences, consisting of 2,787 singletons and 614 assembled sequences. Database comparisons of the cDNAs in GenBank's non-redundant databases using BLAST revealed that 4,957 of the 5,211 cDNAs (95.1%) showed a high degree of sequence homology to genes from other organisms. Most of the transcripts identified were genes related to metabolism, energy, protein biosynthesis and subcellular localization. The metabolism and energy categories of the O. minuta ESTs showed a considerably higher gene expression level than those of O. sativa ESTs. These data and genes can be utilized in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Cho
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 136-701 Seou, Korea
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Yang E, Kim H, Lee J, Shin JS, Yoon H, Kim SJ, Choi IH. Overexpression of LIM Kinase 1 Renders Resistance to Apoptosis in PC12 Cells by Inhibition of Caspase Activation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2004; 24:181-92. [PMID: 15176434 DOI: 10.1023/b:cemn.0000018615.84358.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
LIM kinases (LIMKs) regulate actin polymerization by phosphorylating cofilin and are predominantly expressed in neural tissue. In this study, the effect of LIMK1 overexpression in PC12 cell apoptosis was investigated. PC12 cells overexpressing the wild-type LIMK1 were more resistant to serum-withdrawal-induced cell death and the level of caspase 3 activation in these cells was lower than in the control PC12 cells or than in the PC12 cells expressing a mutant LIMK1 lacking the kinase domain. The inhibition of JNK activation was observed in the PC12 cells overexpressing the wild-type LIMK1 after serum withdrawal. These results suggest that the LIMK1 might allow resistance to apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Shim KS, Cho SK, Jeung JU, Jung KW, You MK, Ok SH, Chung YS, Kang KH, Hwang HG, Choi HC, Moon HP, Shin JS. Identification of fungal ( Magnaporthe grisea) stress-induced genes in wild rice ( Oryza minuta). Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:599-607. [PMID: 14648106 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Revised: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 10/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To identify fungal stress-related genes in wild rice, Oryza minuta, we constructed a subtracted library using suppression subtractive hybridization in combination with mirror orientation selection. DNA chips containing 960 randomly selected cDNA clones were applied by reverse Northern analysis to eliminate false positive clones from the library and to prescreen differentially expressed genes. In total, 377 cDNA clones were selected on the basis of their signal intensities and expression ratios. Sequence analyses of these 377 cDNA fragments revealed that 180 of them (47.7%) represented unique genes. Of these 180 cDNAs, 89 clones (49.6%) showed significant homologies to previously known genes, while the remaining 91 did not match any known sequences. The putative functions of the 180 unique ESTs were categorized by aligning them with MIPS data. They were classified into seven different groups using microarray data-derived expression patterns and verified by Northern blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 136-701 Seoul, Korea
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Seo JS, Liu KH, Chung KH, Shin JS, Kim JH. Bioconcentration and depuration of pyribenzoxim in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 68:617-622. [PMID: 12068925 DOI: 10.1007/s001280299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Seo
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Bailey HL, Gabriel SM, Hodgson AR, Shin JS. Tuberculosis of the spine in children. 1972 [classical article]. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002:4-18. [PMID: 11795750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bahn SC, Bae MS, Park YB, Oh SI, Jeung JU, Bae JM, Chung YS, Shin JS. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel low temperature-induced gene, blti2, from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1522:134-7. [PMID: 11750066 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate large numbers of low temperature-induced genes from the cold-treated winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dongbori). One hundred and sixty blti (barley low temperature-induced) cDNA clones were obtained. Northern blot analyses showed that several blti clones were differentially expressed by treatment of low temperature, NaCl, dehydration and ABA. One of the clones, blti2, was induced from 3 to 72 h after cold treatment while its transcript was detected only at 12 h after ABA treatment, indicating that the expression of blti2 by low temperature was regulated by an ABA-independent pathway. The full-length cDNA sequences were 944 nucleotides long and the open reading frame consisted of 492 nucleotides encoding 164 amino acids. Nucleotide sequences showed no sequence homology with the previously reported low temperature-responsive (LTR) barley genes, and the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that the blti2 contains three membrane-spanning regions. These results suggest that blti2 is a novel transmembrane protein induced by low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
We describe a simple and secure technique for the insertion of a long Montgomery type T-tube in patients with tracheal stenosis. An endotracheal tube is placed into the lumen of the T-tube and by maintaining the airway during insertion, the technique has been found to be safe and it can prevent the kind of tracheal damage occurring with blind techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Medical Center, 126-1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, 136-705, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Most orthodontic appliances and archwires are stainless steel or nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys that can release metal ions, with saliva as the medium. To measure metal released from the fixed orthodontic appliances currently in use, we fabricated simulated fixed orthodontic appliances that corresponded to half of the maxillary arch and soaked them in 50 mL of artificial saliva (pH 6.75 +/- 0.15, 37 degrees C) for 3 months. We used brackets, tubes, and bands made by Tomy (Tokyo, Japan). Four groups were established according to the appliance manufacturer and the type of metal in the .016 x .022-in archwires. Groups A and B were stainless steel archwires from Ormco (Glendora, Calif) and Dentaurum (Ispringen, Germany), respectively, and groups C and D were both NiTi archwires with Ormco's copper NiTi and Tomy's Bioforce sentalloy, respectively. Stainless steel archwires were heat treated in an electric furnace at 500 degrees C for 1 minute and quenched in water. We measured the amount of metal released from each group by immersion time. Our conclusions were as follows: (1) there was no increase in the amount of chromium released after 4 weeks in group A, 2 weeks in group B, 3 weeks in group C, and 8 weeks in group D; (2) there was no increase in the amount of nickel released after 2 weeks in group A, 3 days in group B, 7 days in group C, and 3 weeks in group D; and (3) there was no increase in the amount of iron released after 2 weeks in group A, 3 days in group B, and 1 day in groups C and D. In our 3-month-long investigation, we saw a decrease in metal released as immersion time increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
The effects of hydrastine derivatives on dopamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells were investigated. Treatments of PC12 cells with (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride [(+)-beta-hydrastine HCl] and (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine [(-)-beta-hydrastine] showed 50.6 % and 33.1 % inhibition of dopamine content at a concentration of 10 microM for 48 h. However, (1S,9R)-beta-hydrastine [(+)-beta-hydrastine] and hydrastinine hydrochloride did not reduce dopamine content. The IC(50) values of (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride and (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine were 9.3 microM and 20.7 microM , respectively. Next, the intracellular mechanisms of (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride in PC12 cells were investigated. Dopamine content decreased at 6 h and reached a minimal level at 24 h after the exposure of PC12 cells to 20 microM (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was inhibited at 6 h following the treatment with (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride, and was maintained at a reduced level for up to 36 h in PC12 cells (17 - 27 % inhibition at 20 microM), whereas TH mRNA level was not found to alter for 24 h. However, the level of intracellular Ca++ concentration decreased by treatment with (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride at 20 microM by 18.4 % inhibition relative to the control level in PC12 cells. These results suggest that (1R,9S)-beta-hydrastine hydrochloride contributes partially to the decrease in dopamine content by the inhibition of TH activity in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Kaeshin-Dong, Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Shin JS, Kim BG. Comparison of the omega-transaminases from different microorganisms and application to production of chiral amines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:1782-8. [PMID: 11577718 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that are capable of (S)-enantioselective transamination of chiral amines were isolated from soil samples by selective enrichment using (S)-alpha-methyl-benzylamine ((S)-alpha-MBA) as a sole nitrogen source. Among them, Klebsiella pneumoniae JS2F, Bacillus thuringiensis JS64, and Vibrio fluvialis JS17 showed good omega-transaminase (omega-TA) activities and the properties of the omega-TAs were investigated. The induction level of the enzyme was strongly dependent on the nitrogen source for the strains, except for V. fluvialis JS17. All the omega-TAs showed high enantioselectivity (E>50) toward (S)-alpha-MBA and broad amino donor specificities for arylic and aliphatic chiral amines. Besides pyruvate, aldehydes such as propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde showed good amino acceptor reactivities. All the omega-TAs showed substrate inhibition by (S)-alpha-MBA above 200 mm. Moreover, substrate inhibition by pyruvate above 10 mm was observed for omega-TA from V. fluvialis JS17. In the case of product inhibition, acetophenone showed much greater inhibitions than L-alanine for all omega-TAs. Comparison of the enzyme properties indicates that omega-transaminase from V. fluvialis JS17 is the best one for both kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis to produce enantiomerically pure chiral amines. Kinetic resolution of sec-butylamine (20 mM) was done under reduced pressure (150 Torr) to selectively remove an inhibitory product (2-butanone) using the enzyme from V. fluvialis JS17. Enantiomeric excess of (R)-sec-butylamine reached 94.7% after 12 h of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Korea.
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Abstract
Many pathogens, including many traditionally extracellular microbes, now appear capable of entry into host cells with limited loss of viability. A portal of entry shared by some bacteria, bacterial toxins, viruses and parasites are caveolae (or lipid rafts), which are involved in the import and intracellular translocation of macromolecules in host cells. A requirement for caveolae-mediated endocytosis of microbes appears to be that the respective receptor is a constituent of caveolae or must move to caveolae following ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Abstract
In this study, the effects of ethanol and allyl alcohol on primary mouse hepatocytes were investigated. No cytotoxicity was observed by ethanol treatments, but more toxicity to cells was found in the response to allyl alcohol treatment. The expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), phase I enzyme was examined in response to ethanol and allyl alcohol. Both xenobiotics induced CYP2E1 up to 1.5 to approximately 5 fold at the protein level. The effects of insulin on CYP2E1 expression were also measured. Insulin, which has been regarded as an essential hormone for primary hepatocytes, was shown to decrease the level of CYP2E1 protein, and did not affect cell viability. These results on CYP2E1 induction demonstrate that primary mouse hepatocytes, when using ethanol and allyl alcohol as substrates and in insulin-free medium, provide a suitable system for the studies of the role of CYP2E1 in xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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Song KS, Song JW, Choi JR, Kim HK, Shin JS, Kim JH. Homozygous VN (677C to T) and d/D (2756G to A) variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate and methionine synthase genes in a case of hyperhomocysteinemia with stroke at young age. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:106-9. [PMID: 11460881 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is known to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and venous thrombosis. Gene polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MS) may account for reduced enzyme activity and hyperhomocysteinemia. A recent study has documented evidence of polygenic regulation of plasma homocyteine. We report here on a case of occlusive stroke at young age and hyperhomocysteinemia with homozygous VN (677C to T) variant in the MTHFR gene as well as homozygous D/D (2756G to A) variant in the MS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Song
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee SH, Shim JJ, Shin JS, Baek MJ, Choi YH, Kim MK, Kim CH, Lee SY, Jo JY, In KH, You SH, Kang KH. Primary endobronchial leiomyosarcoma. Diagnosis following expectoration of tumor fragment. Respiration 2001; 68:99-102. [PMID: 11223740 DOI: 10.1159/000050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A case is presented with spontaneous expectoration of a small piece of solid tissue. Pathologic examination of the expectorated tissue was found to be consistent with leiomyosarcoma. After further work-up, there was no evidence of another primary site of leiomyosarcoma except for the right lower lobe. Right lower lobectomy was performed. The surgical specimen showed a tumor that was histologically identical to the patient's previous expectorated tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of partial expectoration of a primary endobronchial leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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