1
|
Connor D, Hunter L, Jang J, Uhl J. Family, Community, and the Rural Social Mobility Advantage. Res Soc Stratif Mobil 2023; 87:100844. [PMID: 38304057 PMCID: PMC10829533 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Children born into poverty in rural America achieve higher average income levels as adults than their urban peers. As economic opportunity tends to be more abundant in cities, this "rural advantage" in income mobility seems paradoxical. This article resolves this puzzle by applying multilevel analysis to new spatial measures of rurality and place-level data on intergenerational income mobility. We show that the high level of rural income mobility is principally driven by boys of rural-origin, who are more likely than their urban peers to grow up in communities with a predominance of two-parent households. The rural advantage is most pronounced among Whites and Hispanics, as well as those who were raised in the middle of the country. However, these dynamics are more nuanced for girls. In fact, girls from lower-income rural households exhibit a disadvantage in their personal income attainment, partly due to the persistence of traditional gender norms. These findings underscore the importance of communities with strong household and community supports in facilitating later-life income mobility, particularly for boys. They also challenge the emerging consensus that attributes the rural income mobility advantage to migration from poorer rural areas to wealthier towns and cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Connor
- Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Lattie F. Coor Hall, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Lori Hunter
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Sociology & Institute of Behavioral Science, Campus Box 483, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Lattie F. Coor Hall, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Johannes Uhl
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Behavioral Science, Campus Box 483, Boulder, CO 80309
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cornell M, White G, O'Neal R, Hua P, Uhl J, Hartman P, Billoo A, McCall R, Zegers B. Pre-Clinical Validation and Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Automated Plan Documentation Process. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Hunter LM, Talbot C, Connor D, Counterman M, Uhl J, Gutmann M, Leyk S. Change in U.S. Small Town Community Capitals, 1980-2010. Popul Res Policy Rev 2020; 39:913-940. [PMID: 34887605 PMCID: PMC8654086 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Hunter
- University of Colorado Population Center (CUPC), Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado Boulder
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Catherine Talbot
- University of Colorado Population Center (CUPC), Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado Boulder
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Dylan Connor
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University
| | - Miriam Counterman
- University of Colorado Population Center (CUPC), Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado Boulder
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Johannes Uhl
- University of Colorado Population Center (CUPC), Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Myron Gutmann
- University of Colorado Population Center (CUPC), Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado Boulder
- Department of History, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Stefan Leyk
- University of Colorado Population Center (CUPC), Institute of Behavioral Science (IBS), University of Colorado Boulder
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uhl J, Benigni J, Chahim M, Cornu-Thenard A. Use of Compression Stockings in Chronic Venous Disease: Validation of a New Device to Assess Patient Compliance. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2015; 3:131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
5
|
Clements CM, Anderson JR, Uhl J, Rudis MI, Cockerill FR. Biobanking in the emergency department: implementation of the Mayo Clinic Emergency Department Sepsis Biorepository. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4273868 DOI: 10.1186/cc14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Uhl J, Gillot C. A New Tool to Study the 3D Venous Anatomy of the Human Embryo: The Computer-Assisted Anatomical Dissection. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2014; 2:111-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Uhl J, Partsch H, Mosti G. Effect of Compression Therapy on Leg Veins Anatomy: Quantification by 3D Vectorial Modeling from MRI Slices. J Vasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Wollina U, Hansel G, Schönlebe J, Averbeck M, Paasch U, Uhl J, Hindemann W, Simon JC. Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare aggressive malignant vascular tumour of the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:964-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Bussel J, Saleh M, Provan D, Stone N, Hamilton JM, Hassani H, Mayer B, Uhl J, Jenkins J, Glaspy J. Eltrombopag, a novel, oral platelet growth factor, increases platelet counts in thrombocytopenic patients and healthy subjects. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8602 Background: Eltrombopag (SB-497115) is a novel, first in class, orally bioavailable, thrombopoietin receptor agonist that induces differentiation and proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors and has been shown to increase platelet counts in preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: In two randomized, placebo-controlled trials, eltrombopag was administered as oral tablets, once daily for 10 days to 73 healthy male subjects at doses of 5–75mg in an ascending dose cohort study, and to 103 (64 female/39 male) adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, with a platelet count of <30×109/L, once daily for 6 weeks at doses of 30–75mg in a parallel dose cohort study. The primary efficacy endpoint in the Phase II ITP trial was the proportion of subjects with a platelet count >50×109/L after 6 weeks of dosing. Results: In healthy subjects, eltrombopag induced a dose dependent increase in the platelet counts. Mean maximal platelet count increases were 24.1 % at 30mg, 42.9 % at 50mg, and 50.4 % at 75mg. In 95 eligible ITP patients, platelet counts increased from <30 to >50×109/L in 16% (4/25) of subjects on placebo, and in the eltrombopag groups in 28% (7/25, p=ns) on 30mg, 67% (16/24, p<0.001) on 50mg and 86% (18/21, p<0.001) on 75mg eltrombopag. The median platelet counts in each treatment arm after 6 weeks of dosing were 16×109/L on placebo, 29×109/L on 30mg, 132×109L on 50mg, and 202×109/L on 75mg. The dose dependent effect was not significantly affected by the splenectomy status, background immunosuppressant use, or baseline platelet count (greater than or less than 15×109/L). Conclusions: The platelet count data from these clinical studies suggests that eltrombopag could be an effective therapy for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. Eltrombopag is being tested in further studies involving patients with ITP and chronic liver disease, and cancer patients receiving thrombocytopenic chemotherapy. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Bussel
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. Saleh
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Provan
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - N. Stone
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. M. Hamilton
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - H. Hassani
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - B. Mayer
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. Uhl
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. Jenkins
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. Glaspy
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Provan D, Saleh M, Goodison S, Rafi R, Stone N, Hamilton JM, Hassani H, Mayer B, Uhl J, Jenkins J. The safety profile of eltrombopag, a novel oral platelet growth factor, in thrombocytopenic patients and healthy subjects. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18596 Background: Eltrombopag (SB-497115) is an oral, non-peptide, small molecule, thrombopoietin receptor agonist being tested as a potential treatment for thrombocytopenia. Eltrombopag has been shown to increase platelet counts in both healthy subjects and thrombocytopenic patients. Methods: Safety and tolerability data for eltrombopag (3–75 mg for up to 6 weeks) is presented from randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group clinical trials involving 115 healthy subjects and 104 immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients. Safety and tolerability endpoints involved assessment of adverse events (AE) and clinical laboratory parameters, including ECGs and platelet function. Results: In 3 Phase I trials, 98 healthy males received active eltrombopag QD for up to 10 days at 3–75 mg. In the Phase II dose ranging study, 78 chronic ITP patients (28 male/50 female) received active eltrombopag QD for 6 weeks at doses of 30–75 mg. There was no apparent relationship between active and control arms, the dose of eltrombopag and the incidence or severity of AEs, changes in laboratory values, platelet function or cardiac parameters in any of the studies. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) reported by subjects in the 3 Phase I studies. 5 SAEs were reported in 1 patient in the ITP study that were considered by the investigator as possibly associated with administration of 50 mg eltrombopag. No SAEs were related to 30 mg or 75 mg eltrombopag, and 2 SAEs in 2 patients were related to placebo. Conclusions: There was no apparent relationship between eltrombopag dose and safety endpoints in these studies. These encouraging safety and tolerability data support the further testing of eltrombopag in phase II and III studies involving patients with ITP and chronic liver disease, and cancer patients receiving thrombocytopenic chemotherapy. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Provan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. Saleh
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - S. Goodison
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - R. Rafi
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - N. Stone
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. M. Hamilton
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - H. Hassani
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - B. Mayer
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Uhl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Jenkins
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Felderhoff-Mueser U, Uhl J, Penzel R, Van Landeghem F, Vogel M, Obladen M, Kopitz J. Intrauterine onset of acute neuropathic type 2 Gaucher disease: identification of a novel insertion sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 128A:138-43. [PMID: 15214004 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A subset of patients with type 2 Gaucher disease is characterized by intrauterine onset of rapidly progressive neuropathic disease, arthrogryposis, hydrops fetalis and in some cases restrictive dermopathy. beta-Glucocerebrosidase (beta-glucosidase) activity is usually low or undetectable. In most cases death ensues either in-utero or within hours or days after birth. We report on an infant born to non-consanguineous parents of Caucasian origin presenting at birth with hydrops, arthrogryposis, severe respiratory distress, hepatosplenomegaly, and liver failure. Death occurred within several hours after delivery and autopsy revealed typical Gaucher cells in multiple organs in combination with severe apoptotic neurodegeneration throughout the brain. beta-Glucocerebrosidase activity was 1% of the norm in fibroblasts and a novel heterozygous insertion c.1515_1516insAGTGAGGGCAAT was identified by genomic sequencing and an insertion-specific seminested PCR. In addition, molecular studies revealed a previously described in type 1 Gaucher disease missense mutation c.476G --> A which results in a heterozygous substitution of R120Q. Our observations confirm considerable genotypic heterogeneity in patients with type 2 Gaucher disease. The transheterozygous combination of a mutation, previously described in type 1 Gaucher disease, together with a newly identified insertion may result in this severe phenotype.
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Uhl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The deficiency of the lysosomal neuraminidase (NEU1; sialidase) causes the storage disorder sialidosis with symptoms ranging from eye abnormalities and neurological disturbances to skeletal malformations, mental retardation and early death. Sialidosis patients encompassing a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms were screened for mutations in neu1. We identified the same homozygous interstitial deletion (11 kb) in two patients causing the fusion of exon 10 of CTL4 (New Gene 22; NG22) with the 3'-UTR of neu1. In one patient we found the resulting CTL4/Neu1 fusion transcript, in the other we detected an alternatively spliced CTL4 transcript (retention of intron 9).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Uhl
- Department of Pathochemistry and Neurochemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uhl J, Klan N, Rose M, Entian KD, Werz O, Steinhilber D. The 5-lipoxygenase promoter is regulated by DNA methylation. J Biol Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
15
|
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in leukotriene biosynthesis, is expressed in a tissue- and cell differentiation-specific manner. The 5-LO core promoter required for basal promoter activity has a unique (G+C)-rich sequence that contains five tandem Sp1 consensus sequences. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell type-specific 5-LO expression are unknown. Here we show that 5-LO expression is regulated by DNA methylation. Treatment of the 5-LO-negative cell lines U937 and HL-60TB with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AdC) up-regulated expression of 5-LO primary transcripts and mature mRNA in a similar fashion, indicating that AdC stimulates 5-LO gene transcription. Analysis of the methylation status of the 5-LO promoter revealed that the core promoter region was methylated in U937 and HL-60TB cells, whereas it was unmethylated in the 5-LO-positive parent HL-60 cell line. Reporter gene assays with 5-LO promoter constructs gave up to 68- and 655-fold repression of 5-LO promoter activity in HeLa and Mono Mac 6 cells by methylation. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta), potent inducers of the 5-LO pathway in myeloid cell lines, increased 5-LO RNA expression in HL-60TB and U937 cells, but co-treatment with AdC was required to achieve 5-LO expression levels in HL-60TB cells that were comparable with wild-type HL-60 cells. In reporter gene assays, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and TGFbeta were unable to induce promoter activity when the 5-LO promoter constructs were methylated, which suggests that 5-LO promoter demethylation is a prerequisite for the high level induction of 5-LO gene expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and TGFbeta and that the effects of both agents on 5-LO mRNA expression are not related to DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Uhl
- Institutes of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Strasse 9, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sergi C, Penzel R, Uhl J, Zoubaa S, Dietrich H, Decker N, Rieger P, Kopitz J, Otto HF, Kiessling M, Cantz M. Prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology in a Turkish family harboring a novel nonsense mutation in the lysosomal alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (sialidase) gene. Hum Genet 2001; 109:421-8. [PMID: 11702224 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2001] [Accepted: 07/23/2001] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a Turkish family with parental consanguinity and at risk for sialidosis type II, an inherited autosomal recessive disorder caused by lysosomal alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (sialidase, NEU1) deficiency. The proband was a premature male infant that presented with hydrops, hepatomegaly, respiratory distress syndrome, and anemia and that died of respiratory insufficiency 2 months after birth despite intensive care. An abnormally increased [14C]methylamine incorporation and an isolated deficiency of lysosomal alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase were found in cultured skin fibroblasts. A previous pregnancy of the mother terminated in a spontaneous abortion in the 13th week of gestation. A successive pregnancy showed hydrops fetalis, and an enzymatic assay of cultured amniotic fluid cells indicated a deficiency of alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase. Following pregnancy termination at 20 weeks gestation, light microscopy of fetal tissues revealed classic vacuolation not only in liver, bone marrow, brain, and kidney, but also in endocrine organs such as the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, hypophysis, and testes, and in the thymus. DNA analysis of the family showed that both the proband and the third sibling had a novel homozygous nonsense point mutation at nucleotide 87 in exon 1 of the alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (neu1) gene causing a substitution of tryptophan at codon 29 by a termination codon (W29X). DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products identified the parents as heterozygous carriers. To detect neu1 mRNA expression, a real-time reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction was performed, and similar rates of neu1 mRNA expression were found in the fibroblasts of the fetus, the 2nd sibling, and in controls. The very early termination codon with complete loss of neuraminidase activity is probably the molecular basis of the unusually severe vacuolation pattern in this form of congenital sialidosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/enzymology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/enzymology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/genetics
- Abortion, Spontaneous/pathology
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Cells, Cultured
- Codon, Nonsense/genetics
- Consanguinity
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Fetus/metabolism
- Fetus/pathology
- Fibroblasts
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/enzymology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/genetics
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology
- Male
- Neuraminidase/deficiency
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Point Mutation/genetics
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Turkey
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sergi
- Abteilung Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kopitz J, von Reitzenstein C, André S, Kaltner H, Uhl J, Ehemann V, Cantz M, Gabius HJ. Negative regulation of neuroblastoma cell growth by carbohydrate-dependent surface binding of galectin-1 and functional divergence from galectin-3. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:35917-23. [PMID: 11451961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105135200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell density-dependent growth inhibition of human SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells is initiated by increased ganglioside sialidase activity leading to elevated cell surface presentation of ganglioside GM1, a ligand of galectin-1. We herein show that the extent of the cell surface expression of the galectin coincides with marked increases of the sialidase activity. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis excludes a regulation at the transcriptional level. Exposure of cells to purified galectin-1 reveals its carbohydrate-dependent activity to reduce cell proliferation. Assays to detect DNA fragmentation biochemically and cytometrically and to block caspases render it unlikely that galectin-1 acts as a classical proapoptotic factor on these cells. Because the chimeric galectin-3 shares binding sites and binding parameters with galectin-1 for these cells, we tested whether this galectin will elicit the same response as the homodimeric cross-linking galectin-1. Evidently, galectin-3 fails to affect cell growth by itself but interferes with galectin-1 upon coincubation. Its proteolytically truncated variant, the C-terminal lectin domain with impaired capacity to form aggregates when surface bound, has only weak binding properties. Thus, the way in which the galectin-1 interacts topologically with an apparently common set of ligands relative to galectin-3 is crucial for eliciting post-binding events. We conclude that galectin-1 is a probable effector in the sialidase-dependent growth control in this system. Moreover, the experiments with galectin-3 reveal functional divergence, most probably based on different topologies of presentation of homologous carbohydrate-binding sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kopitz
- Institut für Pathochemie und Neurochemie and the Pathologisches Institut, Klinikum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Penzel R, Uhl J, Kopitz J, Beck M, Otto HF, Cantz M. Splice donor site mutation in the lysosomal neuraminidase gene causing exon skipping and complete loss of enzyme activity in a sialidosis patient. FEBS Lett 2001; 501:135-8. [PMID: 11470272 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialidosis is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of alpha-N-acetylneuraminidase (NEU1; sialidase), the key enzyme for the intralysosomal catabolism of sialylated glycoconjugates. We have identified a homozygous transversion in the last intron (IVSE +1 G>C) in neu1 of a sialidosis patient. Sequencing of the truncated cDNA revealed an alternatively spliced neu1 transcript which lacks the complete sequence of exon 5. Skipping of exon 5 leads to a frameshift and results in a premature termination codon. This is the first description of an intronic point mutation causing a complete deficiency of the lysosomal neuraminidase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uhl J. [DNA methylation--a significant genetic factor]. Med Monatsschr Pharm 2000; 23:398-404. [PMID: 11147196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
20
|
Kohner P, Uhl J, Kolbert C, Persing D, Cockerill F. Comparison of susceptibility testing methods with mecA gene analysis for determining oxacillin (methicillin) resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2952-61. [PMID: 10449481 PMCID: PMC85421 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.9.2952-2961.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety-nine clinical staphylococcal isolates (58 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. [CoNS] and 41 Staphylococcus aureus isolates) were evaluated for susceptibility to oxacillin. The following susceptibility testing methods, media, and incubation conditions were studied: agar dilution by using Mueller-Hinton (MH) medium (Difco) supplemented with either 0, 2, or 4% NaCl and incubation at 30 or 35 degrees C in ambient air for 24 or 48 h; disk diffusion by using commercially prepared MH medium (Difco) and MH II agar (BBL) and incubation at 35 degrees C in ambient air for 24 or 48 h; and agar screen (spot or swab inoculation) by using commercially prepared agar (Remel) or MH agar (Difco) prepared in-house, each containing 4% NaCl and 6 microg of oxacillin/ml (0.6-microg/ml oxacillin was also studied with MH agar prepared in-house for the agar swab method and CoNS isolates) and incubation at 35 degrees C in ambient air for 24 or 48 h for swab inoculation and at 30 or 35 degrees C in ambient air for 24 or 48 h for spot inoculation. The results for these methods were compared to the results for mecA gene detection by a PCR method. Given the ability to support growth and the results for susceptibility testing (the breakpoint for susceptible isolates was </=2 microg/ml), the best methods for CoNS isolates were (i) agar dilution by using MH medium supplemented with 4% NaCl and incubation at 35 degrees C for 48 h (no growth failures were noted, and sensitivity was 97.6%) and (ii) agar screen (swab inoculation) by using MH medium prepared in-house supplemented with 4% NaCl and containing 0.6 microg oxacillin/ml and incubation at 35 degrees C for 48 h (one isolate that did not carry the mecA gene did not grow, and the sensitivity was 100%). All but one (agar dilution without added NaCl and incubation at 30 degrees C for 48 h) of the methods tested revealed all oxacillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, and no growth failures occurred with any method. If the breakpoint for susceptibility was lowered to </=1 microg/ml for agar dilution methods, more CoNS isolates with oxacillin resistance related to the mecA gene were detected when 0 or 2% NaCl agar supplementation was used. Only one CoNS isolate with mecA gene-associated resistance was not detected by using agar dilution and MH medium supplemented with 4% NaCl with incubation for 48 h. When the breakpoint for susceptibility was decreased 10-fold (from 6.0 to 0.6 microg of oxacillin per ml) for the agar swab screen method, fully 100% of the CoNS isolates that carried the mecA gene were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kohner
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hulme C, Mathew R, Moriarty K, Miller B, Ramanjulu M, Cox P, Souness J, Page KM, Uhl J, Travis J, Labaudiniere R, Huang F, Djuric SW. Orally active indole N-oxide PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:3053-8. [PMID: 9873675 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel potent series of phosphodiesterase type (IV) (PDE4) inhibitors. Several of the compounds presented possess low nanomolar IC50's for PDE4 inhibition and excellent in vivo activity for inhibition of TNF-alpha levels in LPS challenged mice (mouse endotoxemia model). Emesis studies (dog) and efficacy in a SCW arthritis model for the most potent PDE4 inhibitors are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hulme
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hulme C, Moriarty K, Miller B, Mathew R, Ramanjulu M, Cox P, Souness J, Page KM, Uhl J, Travis J, Huang FC, Labaudiniere R, Djuric SW. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of indole PDE4 inhibitors I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1867-72. [PMID: 9873449 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel potent series of phosphodiesterase type (IV) (PDE4) inhibitors. The compounds described contain an indole moiety which replaces the 'rolipram-like' 3-methoxy-4-cyclopentoxy motif. Several of the compounds presented possess low nanomolar IC50's for PDEIV inhibition. In vivo activities determined from measurement of serum TNF-alpha levels in LPS challenged mice (mouse endotoxemia model) are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hulme
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dolle RE, Prasad CV, Prouty CP, Salvino JM, Awad MM, Schmidt SJ, Hoyer D, Ross TM, Graybill TL, Speier GJ, Uhl J, Miller BE, Helaszek CT, Ator MA. Pyridazinodiazepines as a high-affinity, P2-P3 peptidomimetic class of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme inhibitor. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1941-6. [PMID: 9207934 DOI: 10.1021/jm9701637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Dolle
- Sanofi Winthrop Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Uhl J, Krasney P, Brophy L, Arnold R, Dolle R, Helaszek C, Miller R, Gilman S, Ator M. Secretion of human monocyte mature IL-1 beta: optimization of culture conditions and inhibition by ICE inhibitors. Inflamm Res 1995; 44 Suppl 2:S211-2. [PMID: 8548404 DOI: 10.1007/bf01778338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Uhl
- Department of Inflammation, Sterling Winthrop, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reichel H, Szabo A, Uhl J, Pesian S, Schmutz A, Schmidt-Gayk H, Ritz E. Intermittent versus continuous administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in experimental renal hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 1993; 44:1259-65. [PMID: 8301927 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1993.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the efficacy of intermittent versus continuous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 in renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. To address this issue we examined sham-operated control rats and hyperparathyroid rats with subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy (Nx). The Nx animals (20 to 22 animals per group) were subjected to three treatment protocols: (i) solvent treatment (Nx-solvent); (ii) two i.p. injections of 35 pmol 1,25(OH)2D3 on days 0 and 4 (Nx-bolus); and (iii) continuous infusion of 70 pmol 1,25(OH)2D3 over six days via osmotic minipump (Nx-infusion). All measurements were performed six days after start of treatment. As compared to sham-operated controls, the pre-pro-PTH/beta-actin mRNA ratio was 2.04-fold higher in Nx-solvent. Both modes of administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in inhibition of PTH mRNA concentrations relative to Nx-solvent. The pre-pro-PTH/beta-actin mRNA ratio was, however, significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Nx-bolus than in Nx-infusion (Nx-bolus 1.26 higher than sham-operated controls; Nx-infusion 1.65 higher than sham-operated controls). Aminoterminal PTH (N-PTH) serum concentrations were higher in Nx-solvent (52 +/- 4 pg/ml) than in sham-operated controls (32 +/- 3 pg/ml, P < 0.01). N-PTH concentrations in Nx-bolus (38 +/- 4 pg/ml) were significantly lower than in Nx-solvent (P < 0.01) and in Nx-infusion (46 +/- 4 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Parathyroid gland weight (microgram/g body wt) was higher in Nx-solvent (1.30 +/- 0.08 pg/ml) than in sham-operated controls (0.79 +/- 0.04 pg/ml, P < 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Reichel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Breuninger LM, Dempsey WL, Uhl J, Murasko DM. Hydrocortisone regulation of interleukin-6 protein production by a purified population of human peripheral blood monocytes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 69:205-14. [PMID: 8403558 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1993.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The direct effect of the endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) hydrocortisone (HC) on interleukin-6 (IL-6) production was examined using purified populations of human peripheral blood monocytes (Mo). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced IL-6 production by Mo in a dose-dependent fashion. IL-6 was detected in Mo supernatants as early as 2 hr after stimulation, with peak IL-6 production observed by 16 hr. Simultaneous addition of HC and LPS resulted in a significant decrease of IL-6 production 4 hr after LPS treatment, with maximum inhibition observed at 16-24 hr. An attenuation of the inhibitory effect of HC occurred with greater concentrations of LPS and with the delay of HC addition until after LPS. However, there was no correlation between the quantity of IL-6 produced by Mo and the level of HC inhibition. The inhibitory effect of HC was greater if LPS, rather than IL-1 beta, were used as a stimulus to induce IL-6 production. The EC50 of LPS-induced IL-6 production by HC was 2.0 x 10(-7) M. The inhibitory effect of HC on LPS-stimulated IL-6 production was GC specific and receptor mediated because: (i) equivalent inhibition was not observed with other endogenous steroids and (ii) equimolar amounts of the GC antagonist RU 486 blocked the GC-mediated effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Breuninger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that phagocytosis of colloidal particles by the mononuclear phagocytes of the liver and spleen can be controlled by either coating or stabilizing particulate carriers with the amphipathic polymeric surfactants, F108 and T908. These surfactants consist of copolymers of polypropylene oxide (PPO) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) and, when adsorbed to particulate surfaces, significantly decrease sequestration of particulates by the mononuclear phagocytes (MPS) of the liver. To evaluate these observations further, murine peritoneal macrophages were incubated for varying periods with surfactant-coated and noncoated polystyrene particles (PSPs). Phagocytosis was monitored using gamma counting and quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The data show that phagocytosis is decreased when PSPs are coated with F108 and T908. In addition, suppression of phagocytic activity was observed when cells were pretreated with the surfactant and then challenged with noncoated particles. The data confirm previous observations that polymeric surfactants consisting of PEO and PPO protect particulate carriers from rapid uptake by the MPS of the liver. Further, F108 and T908 suppress phagocytosis directly without affecting the integrity, viability, or functional state of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Watrous-Peltier
- Department of Drug Delivery, Sterling Winthrop Pharmaceutical Research Division, Malvern Pennsylvania 19355
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Horn LC, Emmrich P, Uhl J, Krugmann J. [Placental findings in congenital syphilis]. Pathologe 1992; 13:146-51. [PMID: 1620679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L C Horn
- Institut für Pathologische Anatomie, Universität Leipzig
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Uhl J, Singh S, Brophy L, Faunce D, Sawutz DG. Role of bradykinin in inflammatory arthritis: identification and functional analysis of bradykinin receptors on human synovial fibroblasts. Immunopharmacology 1992; 23:131-8. [PMID: 1318290 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(92)90037-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Receptor type and function of bradykinin (BK) receptors on human synovial fibroblasts (HSF) was determined. Scatchard analysis of [3H]BK saturation binding to intact synovial cells revealed a single binding site, with a Kd of 3.8 +/- 0.6 nM. HSF express approximately 50,000 BK sites/cell. Specificity of [3H]BK binding was confirmed by the ability of several BK peptide agonists and antagonists to inhibit binding in a dose dependent manner. The rank order of potency for agonist inhibition of [3H]BK and the inability of selective antagonists of the B1-type to displace binding suggest that the BK receptor on HSF is a B2 subtype receptor. The addition of BK to HSF caused a time and concentration dependent increase in PGE2 production. This BK induced PGE2 production was blocked by specific B2 type BK antagonists and not by B1 antagonists. The results of this study identify B2 type BK receptors on synovial fibroblasts and suggest that BK may be a primary mediator in inflammatory arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uhl
- Department of Inflammation, Sterling Research Group, Rensselaer, NY 12144
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Uhl J, Newton RC, Gross JL, Rommi W, Mochan E. Modulation of synovial fibroblast plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor production by protein kinase C. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1097:283-8. [PMID: 1742333 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(91)90082-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) added to human synovial fibroblast cultures caused a dose-dependent increase in the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1). In addition, PMA inhibited endogenous and interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced plasminogen activator (PA) activity, while increasing mRNA PAI-1 levels. Other protein kinase C (PKC) activators, mezerein and teleocidin B4, caused similar effects. The simultaneous addition of the PKC antagonists, H-7 or staurosporine, prevented the inhibition of PA activity by PMA. This study shows that activation of PKC inhibits PA and stimulates PAI production in human synovial fibroblasts. These results suggest that activation of PKC may play an important role in regulating increased PA production associated with joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uhl
- Department of Inflammation, Sterling Research Group, Rennselaer, NY 12144
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Abstract
The early biochemical events that link interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor occupancy to neutral proteinase production in synovial cells were studied. Addition of human r-IL-1 to human synovial cells in culture stimulated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, inositol triphosphate production and plasminogen activator (PA) activity in a dose dependent manner with similar EC50 values (0.1-0.5 nM). These results, coupled with time courses and other studies, suggest that the IL-1 modulation of PA involves both products of PLA2 and phospholipase C (PLC) activation. On the other hand, the IL-1 induction of collagenase may primarily involve PLC and protein kinase C activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mochan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Camden, NJ 08103
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Uhl J, Newton RC, Giri JG, Sandlin G, Horuk R. Identification of IL-1 receptors on human monocytes. J Immunol 1989; 142:1576-81. [PMID: 2521881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression and functional analysis of IL-1 beta R on human monocytes were investigated. Binding of 125I-IL-1 to human monocytes was found to be specific and saturable. Scatchard plot analysis revealed a single class of receptors with a binding constant of 600 pM and a receptor density of approximately 100 binding sites per cell. At 37 degrees C 54% of the labeled ligand was internalized over 2 h of incubation. Addition of 0.2% sodium azide to the cells reduced ligand internalization to 9% of total bound. Cross-linking studies revealed that the IL-1R in human monocytes had a Mr of 80 kDa. The addition of IL-1 to monocytes caused changes in membrane Ag expression as assessed by flow cytometric analysis. The results of this study identify IL-1 receptors on monocytes and suggest that IL-1 may act as an effector molecule for monocytes by enhancing expression of Ag correlated with cell differentiation and immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uhl
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Uhl J, Newton RC, Giri JG, Sandlin G, Horuk R. Identification of IL-1 receptors on human monocytes. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.142.5.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The expression and functional analysis of IL-1 beta R on human monocytes were investigated. Binding of 125I-IL-1 to human monocytes was found to be specific and saturable. Scatchard plot analysis revealed a single class of receptors with a binding constant of 600 pM and a receptor density of approximately 100 binding sites per cell. At 37 degrees C 54% of the labeled ligand was internalized over 2 h of incubation. Addition of 0.2% sodium azide to the cells reduced ligand internalization to 9% of total bound. Cross-linking studies revealed that the IL-1R in human monocytes had a Mr of 80 kDa. The addition of IL-1 to monocytes caused changes in membrane Ag expression as assessed by flow cytometric analysis. The results of this study identify IL-1 receptors on monocytes and suggest that IL-1 may act as an effector molecule for monocytes by enhancing expression of Ag correlated with cell differentiation and immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uhl
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| | - R C Newton
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| | - J G Giri
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| | - G Sandlin
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| | - R Horuk
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
A spectrophotometric assay for quantitation of related proteins following Western blot analysis is described. Proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose. In the system utilized in this study, immobilized interleukin-1 (IL-1) proteins were identified by ELISA reaction using a rabbit antibody specific for IL-1 beta. Subsequently, the membrane was probed with goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and IL-1 proteins were detected by incubation with 4-chloro-1-naphthol and hydrogen peroxide. The stained IL-1 bands were cut out, exposed to the peroxidase chromogenic substrate, o-phenylenediamine (OPD), and hydrogen peroxide and the rate of reaction was determined spectrophotometrically at 490 nM. A linear relationship between enzyme activity and IL-1 concentration was observed from 10 to 1000 ng/lane. Thus, this represents a sensitive and specific method for quantitating small amounts of IL-1 in complex protein mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uhl
- E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Medical Products Department, Glenolden, PA 19036
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) treatment of synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients resulted in a dose-dependent secretion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). IL-1 also stimulated prostaglandin E2 and plasminogen activator synthesis, in parallel with PLA2 activation; all 3 were detectable within 6 hours of IL-1 treatment and peaked by 24 hours. Synovial cell PLA2 required calcium (5 mM) and a neutral pH (7.5) for maximal activity and appears similar to the PLA2 in synovial fluid, which has been described previously. We conclude that PLA2 can be induced by IL-1, and its secretion may contribute significantly to the inflammatory actions of IL-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Gilman
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19101
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mochan E, Uhl J, Newton R. Evidence that interleukin-1 induction of synovial cell plasminogen activator is mediated via prostaglandin E2 and cAMP. Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29:1078-84. [PMID: 3019358 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780290904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin to human synovial cells in culture, at concentrations which completely block prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, reversibly inhibited the interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulation of cell-associated and extracellular plasminogen activator (PA) production. Results of mixing experiments suggested that the inhibition by indomethacin was not due to stimulation of production and/or activation of a PA inhibitor, but reflected inhibition of PA synthesis. Simultaneous addition of PGE2 or dibutyryl cAMP prevented the inhibition by indomethacin. Addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, the adenylate cyclase stimulator, forskolin, or dibutyryl cAMP caused an enhancement of the IL-1 induction of synovial cell PA. These results suggest that the IL-1 induction of synovial cell PA occurs via generation of endogenous PGE2 and cAMP.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the report that bradykinin is the "muscle activity hypoglycemia factor" responsible for the activation of glucose transport that occurs in response to muscle contractile activity. Stimulation of rat epitrochlearis muscles to contract resulted in approximately a fourfold increase in the rate of intracellular accumulation of the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 3-O-methylglucose. Incubation of the muscles with high concentrations of aprotinin (Trasylol), a polypeptide inhibitor of kallikrein which blocks formation of kinins, did not inhibit the activation of sugar transport by contractile activity. Furthermore incubation of muscles with bradykinin did not have a stimulatory effect on the uptake of 3-methylglucose either at a physiological concentration or at high concentrations. These results provide no support for the claims that aprotinin prevents the activation of sugar transport in muscle by contractile activity or that bradykinin is the muscle activity hypoglycemia factor.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mochan E, Uhl J, Newton R. Interleukin 1 stimulation of synovial cell plasminogen activator production. J Rheumatol 1986; 13:15-9. [PMID: 3486284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Addition of human monocyte interleukin 1 (IL-1) to cultured human synovial cells can cause an increase in both cell associated (30-fold) and extracellular (40-fold) plasminogen activator (PA) activity. This increase was inhibited by antibody directed against IL-1 and phenylglyoxal. PA activity could be detected 3 h after the addition of IL-1, continued to increase for 24 h and was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. The molecular weight of the PA produced from the IL-1 stimulated synovial cells was 55,000 +/- 1,000. Mononuclear cell conditioned media (MCCM) also stimulated synovial cells to produce PA. This stimulation was partly inhibited by anti-IL-1 thus suggesting the presence of appreciable IL-1 activity in MCCM. These results could provide clues as to how immune events are linked to cartilage destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Suttorp N, Seeger W, Uhl J, Lutz F, Roka L. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin stimulates prostacyclin production in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells: membrane attack and calcium influx. J Cell Physiol 1985; 123:64-72. [PMID: 3919036 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041230111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of highly purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin were investigated on cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. This toxin dose-dependently (7.5-60 micrograms/ml) and time-dependently (20-75 minutes) stimulated the release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid and metabolites and the synthesis of prostacyclin in the absence of overt cell damage (no enhanced lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release). Preincubation of the toxin with neutralizing antibodies abolished the effect. The toxin response on endothelial cells required extracellular calcium but not magnesium and was accompanied by a calcium influx. Interference with intracellular calcium function by TMB 8 or with (calcium)-calmodulin function by trifluoperazine and W7 dose-dependently reduced the cytotoxin mediated synthesis of prostacyclin. Calcium channel blockers (nimodipine, diltiazem, verapamil, D 888), however, were ineffective in this system. Following addition of cytotoxin to endothelial cells, an increased passive permeability for small marker molecules (potassium, 45calcium, 3H-sucrose), but for large ones (3H-inulin, 3H-dextran, LDH) was noted, suggesting that cytotoxin creates discrete hydrophilic transmembrane lesions of about 0.5-1.5 nm in diameter. These data are compatible with the notion that Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin triggers the arachidonic acid pathway in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells by calcium influx and suggest that this calcium influx may proceed through toxin created transmembrane lesions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Uhl J. Revelations of 19th century medicine culled from the Victorian Supreme Court records. Occas Pap Med Hist Aust 1985; 2:177-86. [PMID: 11621900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
|
42
|
Mochan E, Uhl J. Elevations in synovial fluid plasminogen activator in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1984; 11:123-8. [PMID: 6427461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator (PA) activity in synovial fluid (SF) obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is elevated when compared to SF obtained from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Immunological studies and lack of evidence for a decrease in PA inhibitors, or an increase in PA stimulators, suggest that elevations in RA SF PA activity reflect increases in PA level. Although the origin(s) of SF PA was not identified, the enzyme resembles urokinase and RA synovium may be a contributing source. These observations are consistent with a possible active role of PA in the pathogenesis of RA.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dietz R, Pees HW, Selecky G, Uhl J. [Diagnosis and radio-chemotherapy of the neuroblastoma in adults]. Strahlentherapie 1983; 159:283-5. [PMID: 6190273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The neuroblastoma in the adult is a rare disease which has a bad prognosis. Until now, there are no generally accepted therapy conceptions. The clinical symptoms of the patient whose case is presented here were above all pains in the pelvic region. The histologic diagnosis was difficult and could be proved only by additional examinations of other metastases. Although the primary tumor was searched for intensively, is was only found 20 months later. Especially radiotherapy, but also chemotherapy (CYVADIC regimen) have proved to be effective. Above all, the quality of life could be largely maintained over a period of 26 months.
Collapse
|
44
|
Uhl J. Health care in China. 2. UNA Commun 1978; 5:11-2. [PMID: 310187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
45
|
Uhl J. Health care in China. 1. UNA Commun 1978; 5:14-5. [PMID: 310189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|