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Fitzgerald M, Ponsford JL, Hill R, Rushworth N, Kendall E, Armstrong E, Gilroy J, Bullen J, Keeves J, Bagg MK, Hellewell SC, Lannin NA, O'Brien TJ, Cameron PA, Cooper DJ, Gabbe BJ. The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative: Single Data Dictionary to Predict Outcome for People With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38117144 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this series of eight articles, the Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (AUS-TBI) consortium describes the Australian approach used to select the common data elements collected acutely that have been shown to predict outcome following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) across the lifespan. This article presents the unified single data dictionary, together with additional measures chosen to facilitate comparative effectiveness research and data linkage. Consultations with the AUS-TBI Lived Experience Expert Group provided insights on the merits and considerations regarding data elements for some of the study areas, as well as more general principles to guide the collection of data and the selection of meaningful measures. These are presented as a series of guiding principles and themes. The AUS-TBI Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Group identified a number of key points and considerations for the project approach specific to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, including key issues of data sovereignty and community involvement. These are outlined in the form of principles to guide selection of appropriate methodologies, data management, and governance. Implementation of the AUS-TBI approach aims to maximize ongoing data collection and linkage, to facilitate personalization of care and improved outcomes for people who experience moderate-severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie L Ponsford
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regina Hill
- Regina Hill Effective Consulting Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Rushworth
- Brain Injury Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kendall
- The Hopkins Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Armstrong
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Bullen
- Office of DVCA, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jemma Keeves
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew K Bagg
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hellewell
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natasha A Lannin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Cameron
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Jamie Cooper
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Health Data Research UK, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, United Kingdom
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2
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Henningham M, Gilroy J, McGlone J, Meehan D, Nila F, McAtamney A, Buchanan T. Utilising the CREATE quality appraisal tool to analyse Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' involvement and reporting of cancer research in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100142. [PMID: 38574430 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander involvement in research focusing on cancer experiences using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander quality appraisal tool (the QAT). METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' experiences associated with cancer, recently published elsewhere. We then appraised articles for the inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led research, community consultation, and involvement. RESULTS 91 articles were appraised. A lack of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led research and consultation was reported in the majority of articles, only 10 (11%) demonstrated success across seven (50%) or more questions of the QAT. CONCLUSIONS This review underscores the need for anti-racist research and publication practices that actively engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and researchers. This approach is vital to enhance cancer outcomes within these communities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH To advance and prioritise appropriate involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in cancer research, the onus must be on 'systems owners,' including academic journals and institutions, to require and report genuine engagement as standard practice. Researchers will produce higher-calibre research with a strengths-based focus, advancing the cause of equitable research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Henningham
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Drew Meehan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Farhana Nila
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Gilroy J, Henningham M, Meehan D, Nila F, McGlone J, McAtamney A, Whittaker K, Brown B, Varlow M, Buchanan T. Systematic review of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' experiences and supportive care needs associated with cancer. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:523. [PMID: 38378574 PMCID: PMC10877816 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent disparities exist between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (the Indigenous peoples of Australia) and non-Indigenous Australians associated with cancer, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experiencing a longer time to treatment, higher morbidity rates, and higher mortality rates. This systematic review aimed to investigate findings and recommendations in the literature about the experiences and supportive care needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with cancer in Australia. METHODS A qualitative systematic review was conducted using thematic analysis. Database searches were conducted in CINAHL, Informit, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between January 2000 and December 2021. There were 91 included studies which were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The included studies reported on the experiences of cancer and supportive care needs in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. RESULTS Six key themes were determined: Culture, family, and community; cancer outcomes; psychological distress; access to health care; cancer education and awareness; and lack of appropriate data. Culture was seen as a potential facilitator to achieving optimal cancer care, with included studies highlighting the need for culturally safe cancer services and the routine collection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status in healthcare settings. CONCLUSION Future work should capitalize on these findings by encouraging the integration of culture in healthcare settings to increase treatment completion and provide a positive experience for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mandy Henningham
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Drew Meehan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Farhana Nila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Bena Brown
- Inala Indigenous Health Service, Metro South Health, Inala, QLD, 4077, Australia
| | - Megan Varlow
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Tanya Buchanan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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White SJ, Condon B, Ditton-Phare P, Dodd N, Gilroy J, Hersh D, Kerr D, Lambert K, McPherson ZE, Mullan J, Saad S, Stubbe M, Warren-James M, Weir KR, Gilligan C. Enhancing effective healthcare communication in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Considerations for research, teaching, policy, and practice. PEC Innov 2023; 3:100221. [PMID: 37822775 PMCID: PMC10562187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective In this article we present a conceptual framework for enhancing effective healthcare communication in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods Through an iterative, deliberative dialogue approach, we, as experts from a variety of health professions and academic disciplines, worked together to identify core values and considerations for healthcare communication across numerous health professions and disciplines and within research, teaching, policy, and practice contexts. Results The framework developed includes five core values at its centre: equitable, inclusive, evidence-based, collaborative, reflective. Around this are concentric circles showing key elements of collaborators, modality, context, and purpose. Each of these is explored. Conclusion This work may support benchmarking for healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and educators across a breadth of professions to help improve communication in clinical practice. The framework will also help to identify areas across disciplines that are shared and potentially idiosyncratic for various professions to promote interprofessional recognition, education, and collaboration. Innovation This framework is designed to start conversations, to form the foundation of a dialogue about the priorities and key considerations for developing teaching curricula, professional development, and research programs related to healthcare communication, providing a set of values specifically for the unique contexts of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. It can also be used to guide interdisciplinary healthcare professionals in advancing research, teaching, policy, and practice related to healthcare communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. White
- Centre for Social Impact, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan Condon
- Warrnambool Clinical School, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia
| | - Philippa Ditton-Phare
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Natalie Dodd
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deborah Hersh
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Debra Kerr
- Institute for Healthcare Transformation, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Judy Mullan
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Shannon Saad
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Stubbe
- Department of Primary Health Care and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Warren-James
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Kristie R. Weir
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia and Institute of Primary Health Care BIHAM, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Conor Gilligan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Demetriou EA, Boulton KA, Thapa R, Sun C, Gilroy J, Bowden MR, Guastella A. Burden of paediatric hospitalisations to the health care system, child and family: a systematic review of Australian studies (1990-2022). Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 40:100878. [PMID: 38116503 PMCID: PMC10730319 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Paediatric hospitalisations represent a significant cost to the health system and cause significant burden to children and their families. Understanding trends in hospitalisation costs can assist with health planning and support strategies across stakeholders. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the trends in costs and burden of paediatric hospitalisations in Australia to help inform policy and promote the well-being of children and their families. Methods Electronic data sources (Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PSYCH-Info, CINAHL and Scopus) were searched from 1990 until December 2022. Any quantitative or qualitative studies conducted in Australian tertiary hospitals were included in the review. Eligible studies were those that included paediatric (<18 years) hospitalisations and reported on economic and/or non-economic costs for the child, family unit and/or health system. Study quality and risk of bias for each study were assessed with the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools. We present a summary of the findings of the hospitalisation burden across major diagnostic admission categories and for the child and family unit. The systematic review was registered with Prospero (ID: CRD42021276202). Findings The review summarises a total of 88 studies published between 1990 and December 2022. Overall, the studies identified that paediatric hospitalisations incur significant financial costs, which have not shown significant reductions over time. In-patient direct hospital costs varied depending on the type of treatment and diagnostic condition. The costs per-case were found to range from just below AUD$2000 to AUD$20,000 or more. The financial burden on the family unit included loss of productivity, transport and travel costs. Some studies reported estimates of these costs upward of AUD$500 per day. Studies evaluating 'hospital in the home' options identified significant benefits in reducing hospitalisations and costs without compromising care. Interpretation Increasing focus on alternative models of care may help alleviate the significant costs associated with paediatric hospitalisation. Funding This research was supported by Hospitals United for Sick Kids (formerly Curing Homesickness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Andrea Demetriou
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Kelsie Ann Boulton
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Rinku Thapa
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Carter Sun
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | | | - Michael Russell Bowden
- Mental Health Branch, NSW Health, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Discipline of Psychiatry, Westmead Clinical School and The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Australia
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Gilroy J, Veli-Gold S, Wright W, Dew A, Jensen H, Bulkeley K, Lincoln M. Disability workforce and the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia: Scoping review. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:839-854. [PMID: 37485742 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian geographically rural and remote disability workforce has historically demonstrated difficulties to keep up with the demand for quality services and supports for people with disability. In 2013, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was launched to provide individualised disability support packages to meet people's needs. To receive funding, people with disability are required to develop a NDIS plan. That plan is then funded by the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA), the government agency responsible for managing the NDIS. Although the NDIS has been operating for almost 10 years, there is limited research into the planning experiences of the workforce in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia. This review aims to ascertain the level of scholarly investigation into workers' experiences of NDIS planning. METHODOLOGY Research publication databases were searched using a specific search string to identify publications that included reference to the workforce's experiences of the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was adopted to appraise the quality of the research publications. Research publications that focused on those working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were also appraised using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool developed by the Centre for Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange. A thematic synthesis of the publications was undertaken to ascertain disability and health workforce experiences of the NDIS planning process. RESULTS Seven papers met the selection criteria. Two papers were policy reviews and reported the improvements of the NDIS planning process since its inception. These studies reported four reoccurring themes: (1) cultural/socioeconomic and geographical factors; (2) administrative burden and bureaucracy; (3) values, culture and geography; and (4) burden on allied health workers. CONCLUSION The NDIS planning process has developed and progressed since its rollout in 2013. There are limited research papers available that describe the workforce's experience of the planning process in regional, rural and remote regions. More research in this area is needed to identify the experiences of the disability workforce in relation to the NDIS planning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Veli-Gold
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Wright
- Orange Local Aboriginal Land Council, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Dew
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Jensen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Bulkeley
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Lincoln
- Faculty of Medicine, Canberra University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Clough AR, Evans A, Graham V, Catterall J, Lakeman R, Gilroy J, Pratt G, Petrucci J, Orda U, Sehdev R, Thornton N, Das S, Yearsley G, Stone R. Emergency examination authorities in Queensland, Australia. Emerg Med Australas 2023; 35:731-738. [PMID: 36951038 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Queensland, where a person experiences a major disturbance in their mental capacity, and is at risk of serious harm to self and others, an emergency examination authority (EEA) authorises Queensland Police Service (QPS) and Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) to detain and transport the person to an ED. In the ED, further detention for up to 12 h is authorised to allow the examination to be completed. Little published information describes these critical patient encounters. METHODS Queensland's Public Health Act (2005), amended in 2017, mandates the use of the approved EEA form. Data were extracted from a convenience sample of 942 EEAs including: (i) patient age, sex, address; (ii) free text descriptions by QPS and QAS officers of the person's behaviour and any serious risk of harm requiring urgent care; (iii) time examination period commenced; and (iv) outcome upon examination. RESULTS Of 942 EEA forms, 640 (68%) were retrieved at three 'larger central' hospitals and 302 (32%) at two 'smaller regional' hospitals in non-metropolitan Queensland. QPS initiated 342 (36%) and QAS 600 (64%) EEAs for 486 (52%) males, 453 (48%) females and two intersexes (<1%), aged from 9 to 85 years (median 29 years, 17% aged <18 years). EEAs commonly occurred on weekends (32%) and between 2300 and midnight (8%), characterised by 'drug and/or alcohol issues' (53%), 'self-harm' (40%), 'patient aggression' (25%) and multiple prior EEAs (23%). Although information was incomplete, most patients (78%, n = 419/534) required no inpatient admission. CONCLUSIONS EEAs furnish unique records for evaluating the impacts of Queensland's novel legislative reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Clough
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angela Evans
- Queensland Police Service, Far Northern Region, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Veronica Graham
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janet Catterall
- Library and Information Services, Division of Student Life, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Lakeman
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory Pratt
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Petrucci
- QLD and NT Neami National Cairns, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ulrich Orda
- Emergency Medicine, North West Hospital and Health Service, Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajesh Sehdev
- Emergency Medicine, Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neale Thornton
- Emergency Medicine, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Mackay, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sourav Das
- Statistics and Data Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gillian Yearsley
- Northern Territory Primary Health Network, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Stone
- Emergency Medicine, Cairns Hospital, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Veli-Gold S, Gilroy J, Wright W, Bulkeley K, Jensen H, Dew A, Lincoln M. The experiences of people with disability and their families/carers navigating the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia: Scoping review. Aust J Rural Health 2023. [PMID: 37367630 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was launched in 2013 to provide financial support packages for people with disability to purchase supports and services to enhance independence. People with disability are required to develop a plan with the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA), the government department responsible for managing the NDIS. This scoping review aims to ascertain the level of research into people's experience of the NDIS planning process in these geographic areas. METHODOLOGY Research publication databases were searched using a specific search string to identify research about people with disability and their families/carer's experiences of the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was adopted to appraise the quality of the research publications. Research publications focused on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were additionally appraised using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool developed by the Centre for Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange. A thematic synthesis of the publications' contents was undertaken to ascertain people with disabilities and carers experience of the NDIS planning process. RESULTS Ten (N = 10) research papers were found that met the inclusion criteria. Two papers were policy reviews and reported on the improvements of the NDIS planning process since its conception. The analysis found the research archive focused on five themes: (1) healthcare workforce and NDIA staff; (2) NDIS package holders and carers lack of awareness of the NDIS; (3) cultural/socio-economic barriers; (4) travel funding; and (5) emotional burden of the NDIS planning process. CONCLUSION There are limited papers available that explore people's experiences of the NDIS planning process in regional, rural and remote regions of Australia. This systematic review illuminates the difficulties, barriers and concerns of people with disability and their carers about the planning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Veli-Gold
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne Wright
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Bulkeley
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather Jensen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Dew
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Lincoln
- Faculty of Medicine, Canberra University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Smith‐Merry J, Gilroy J, Watharow A. The
NDIS
at ten years: designing an equitable scheme for the next decade. Med J Aust 2023; 218:291-294. [PMID: 37062009 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Gilroy
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy University of Sydney Sydney NSW
| | - Annmaree Watharow
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy University of Sydney Sydney NSW
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10
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De Santi C, Cavalleri GL, Kerrigan SW, Fitzpatrick F, McGrogan K, Gilroy J, Baxter R, Quadu V, Ryan K, Humphreys H. Screening medical students for SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate face-to-face clinical teaching and prevent onward spread to patients. J Hosp Infect 2023; 135:1-3. [PMID: 36775068 PMCID: PMC9916130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C De Santi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G L Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland FutureNeuro Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S W Kerrigan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K McGrogan
- Mercer's Medical Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Gilroy
- Student Academic and Regulatory Affairs, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Baxter
- Estate and Support Services, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Quadu
- Mercer's Medical Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Ryan
- Department of Surgical Affairs, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Healthcare Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Honey A, Hancock N, Barton R, Berry B, Gilroy J, Glover H, Hines M, Waks S, Wells K. How do Mental Health Services Foster Hope? Experience of People Accessing Services. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:894-903. [PMID: 36609785 PMCID: PMC9825094 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hope is essential to mental health recovery, yet little is known about how mental health services can foster hope. This paper addresses the question: How can mental health services influence the sense of hope experienced by people who access their services? Sixty-one people who accessed a new mental health service were interviewed about their experiences, including about how the service had influenced their sense of hope. Interviews were analysed using constant comparative analysis. The data revealed that hope increased when people perceived positive changes in themselves and their circumstances: developing new understandings and perspectives; having effective strategies to manage challenges; seeing progress or having plans; and having support. Changes were attributed to three major features of the service: accessibility; staff competence and wisdom; and caring interactions. The findings highlight that, while individual clinicians are important, other interactions with services and the wider service context are also critical for facilitating hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Honey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Barton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridget Berry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Glover
- Enlightened Consultants, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Monique Hines
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Shifra Waks
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wells
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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12
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Honey A, Hines M, Barton R, Berry B, Gilroy J, Glover H, Hancock N, Waks S, Wells K. Preferences for telehealth: A qualitative study with people accessing a new mental health service. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231211083. [PMID: 37928331 PMCID: PMC10621303 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231211083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine preferences for telehealth versus in-person services for people who sought mental health support from an unfamiliar service during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the factors that influenced these preferences. Methods Data are drawn from semi-structured interviews with 45 participants (32 people who accessed mental health services, 7 informal support people, and 6 people who accessed services themselves as well as identifying as informal supports). Data relating to experiences of telehealth, comparisons with in-person services and preferences were coded inductively and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Just over half of the participants in our sample preferred telehealth or at least regarded it as a suitable option. Those who preferred telehealth were more likely to have had direct experience, particularly via videoconferencing, as part of their access to this new mental health service. Reasons for preferring in-person services included belief in the superiority of interpersonal communication in these settings, compatibility with personal communication style and discomfort with technology. Those preferring telehealth cited its convenience, elimination of the need to travel for services, the comfort and safety afforded by accessing services at home and the ability to communicate more openly. Conclusions Hybrid models of care which harness the unique benefits of both in-person and remote service modalities appear to have a legitimate place in models of mental health care outside of pandemic situations. These results illuminate the potential of telehealth services when engaging with people seeking mental health help for the first time and in situations where existing relationships with service providers have not yet been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Honey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monique Hines
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Barton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bridget Berry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen Glover
- Enlightened Consultants, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Nicola Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shifra Waks
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Wells
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Smith-Merry J, O'Donovan MA, Dew A, Hemsley B, Imms C, Carey G, Darcy S, Ellem K, Gallego G, Gilroy J, Guastella A, Marella M, McVilly K, Plumb J. The future of disability research in Australia: protocol for a multi-phase research agenda-setting exercise. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e31126. [PMID: 34706859 PMCID: PMC8764607 DOI: 10.2196/31126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For people with disabilities to live a good life, it is essential that funded research in health and social care addresses their interests, meets their needs, and fills gaps in our understanding of the impact that services, systems, and policies may have on them. Decisions about research funding should be based on an understanding of the research priorities of people with disabilities, their supporters and allies, disability researchers, service providers, and policy makers working in the field. Objective The aim of this protocol is to describe the research design and methods of a large-scale, disability research agenda–setting exercise conducted in 2021 in Australia. Methods The research agenda–setting exercise involves 3 integrated phases of work. In the first phase, a previous audit of disability research in Australia is updated to understand previous research and continuing gaps in the research. Building on this, the second phase involves consultation with stakeholders—people with disabilities and their supporters and family members, the disability workforce, and people working within services and connected sectors (eg, aging, employment, education, and housing), academia, and public policy. Data for the second phase will be gathered as follows: a national web-based survey; a consultation process undertaken through the government and nongovernment sector; and targeted consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, children with disabilities and their families, people with cognitive disability, and people with complex communication needs. The third phase involves a web-based survey to develop a research agenda based on the outcomes of all phases. Results We have started working on 2 parts of the research prioritization exercise. Through the research-mapping exercise we identified 1241 journal articles and book chapters (referred to as research papers) and 225 publicly available reports (referred to as research reports) produced over the 2018-2020 period. Data collection for the national survey has also been completed. We received 973 fully completed responses to the survey. Analysis of these data is currently underway. Conclusions This multi-method research agenda–setting study will be the first to provide an indication of the areas of health and social research that people across the Australian disability community consider should be prioritized in disability research funding decisions. Project results from all phases will be made publicly available through reports, open-access journal publications, and Easy Read documents. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31126
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Smith-Merry
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, School of Health SciencesSusan Wakil Health Building, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, AU
| | - Mary-Ann O'Donovan
- Centre for Disability Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, AU
| | - Angela Dew
- Disability and Inclusion, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Bronwyn Hemsley
- Disability Research Network, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, AU.,Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, AU
| | - Christine Imms
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AU
| | - Gemma Carey
- Centre for Social Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AU
| | - Simon Darcy
- Disability Research Network, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, AU
| | - Kathy Ellem
- School of Nursing, midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, AU
| | - Gisselle Gallego
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, School of Health SciencesSusan Wakil Health Building, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, AU
| | - John Gilroy
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, School of Health SciencesSusan Wakil Health Building, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, AU
| | - Adam Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, AU
| | - Manjula Marella
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AU
| | - Keith McVilly
- School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AU
| | - Jenny Plumb
- Disability and Inclusion, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, AU
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14
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Clough AR, Evans A, Grant K, Graham V, Catterall J, Lakeman R, Gilroy J, Pratt G, Petrucci J, Stone R. Recent amendments to Queensland legislation make mental health presentations to hospital emergency departments more difficult to scrutinise. Emerg Med Australas 2021; 34:130-133. [PMID: 34643039 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Queensland Police Service (QPS) and Queensland Ambulance Service may detain and transport persons experiencing major disturbances in their mental capacity to an ED for urgent care. Queensland's new mental health legislation (March 2017) makes this legal intervention difficult to scrutinise. For a large non-metropolitan region, QPS records for emergency examination orders (EEOs) and emergency examination authorities (EEAs) were compared with annual reports of Queensland's Director of Mental Health and Chief Psychiatrist. From 2009-2010 to March 2017, QPS-registered EEOs totalled 12 903 while annual reports attributed 9441 to QPS (27% fewer). From March 2017 to 2019-2020, QPS-registered EEAs totalled 6887. Annual reports declared 1803 EEAs in total for this period, without distinguishing those registered by QPS from the Queensland Ambulance Service. Past year proportions of EEOs, however, indicate perhaps ~1100 originated with QPS (84% fewer). Information crucial for considered emergency mental healthcare responses for thousands of people is no longer readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Clough
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angela Evans
- Queensland Police Service, Far Northern Region, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristy Grant
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Veronica Graham
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janet Catterall
- Library and Information Services, James Cook University Library, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Lakeman
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory Pratt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Petrucci
- QLD and NT Neami National Cairns, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Stone
- Emergency Department, Cairns Hospital, Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Gilroy J, Bulkeley K, Talbot F, Gwynn J, Gwynne K, Henningham M, Alcorso C, Rambaldini B, Lincoln M. Retention of the Aboriginal Health, Ageing, and Disability Workforce: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e25261. [PMID: 34047698 PMCID: PMC8196347 DOI: 10.2196/25261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite a plethora of research into Aboriginal employment and recruitment, the extent and nature of the retention of frontline Aboriginal people in health, ageing, and disability workforces are currently unknown. In this application, frontline service delivery is defined as Aboriginal people who are paid employees in the health, ageing, and disability service sectors in roles that involve direct client, participant, or patient contact. There is a need to identify the factors that inhibit (push) and promote (pull) staff retention or departure of this workforce from the sectors. This study will provide additional insight about this topic. Objective The objective of this project is to uncover the factors that influence the retention of frontline Aboriginal workers in the health, ageing, and disability workforces in New South Wales (NSW) who do not have university qualifications. The aim of the proposed project aims to discover the push and pull factors for the retention of the frontline Aboriginal workforce in the health, ageing, and disability sectors in NSW in relation to their role, employment, and community and design evidence-based strategies for retaining the Aboriginal frontline workforce in the health, ageing, and disability sectors in NSW. Methods The proposed research will use a mixed methods approach, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data via surveys and interviews to capture and represent the voices and perspectives of Aboriginal people in a way that the participants chose. Results Indigenous research methodologies are a growing field in Aboriginal health research in Australia. A key strength of this study is that it is led by Aboriginal scholars and Aboriginal controlled organizations that apply an Indigenous methodological framework throughout the research process. Conclusions This study uses a mixed methods design. The survey and interview questions and model were developed in partnership with Aboriginal health, ageing, and disability service workers rather than relying only on research publications on the workforce, government policies, and human resources strategies. This design places a strong emphasis on generalizable findings together with an inductive approach that explores employers and workers’ lived experience of the Aboriginal health workforce in NSW. Excluding workers who have graduated from university places a strong focus on the workforce who have obtained either school or Technical and Further Education or registered training organizations qualifications. Data collection was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and results will include the unique experiences of Aboriginal workers and employers delivering services in an extremely challenging organizational, community, and personal context. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25261
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Bulkeley
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Folau Talbot
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kylie Gwynne
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Meharg DP, Gwynne K, Gilroy J, Alison JA. Exercise-based interventions for Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and USA: a systematic review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 12:7442-7453. [PMID: 33447432 PMCID: PMC7797817 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States of America (USA) have a higher burden of chronic lung disease than non-Indigenous people. Exercised-based interventions, such as pulmonary rehabilitation, are highly effective to manage chronic lung disease. The outcomes of these interventions for Indigenous people require evaluation. The aim of this review was to critically appraise the literature on the impact of exercise-based interventions on quality of life, exercise capacity and health care utilisation in Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA. The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Psychinfo, APAIS-Aboriginal Health and PEDro databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature that evaluated exercise-based interventions, such as pulmonary rehabilitation for Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA. Two authors independently screened and reviewed titles and abstract and full texts of potentially eligible studies for inclusion. An Indigenous decolonisation methodological framework was also applied to evaluate Indigenous governance, involvement, and engagement in the studies. A total of 3,598 records were screened, nine full papers were reviewed, and one was study included, which was a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for Indigenous people in Australia. Participants with chronic respiratory or heart disease significantly improved functional exercise capacity and quality of life [six-minute walk distance mean change (95% CI) 79 metres (47 to 111); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire Dyspnoea 0.9 points (0.2 to 1.5)]. Several items of the decolonisation framework were addressed. Only one study was able to be included in the review, highlighting the paucity of research about culturally safe exercise-based interventions for Indigenous adults with chronic lung disease. There is a need for further research with strong Indigenous governance, involvement, and engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Meharg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kylie Gwynne
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Alison
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Abstract
Reorientation of education for health professionals is necessary to support future health workforce in meeting population needs. Dental graduates must be competent to effectively communicate with patients, their families and other health professionals involved in their care, regardless of social or cultural background. Indigenous people in Australia experience significant oral health disparities compared to non-Indigenous Australians. Cultural competence has evolved as the leading model to equip future clinicians to deliver culturally safe care. A case study conducted at the University of Sydney School of Dentistry examined the integration of Indigenous cultural competence into dental curricula using four data sources: a systematic review identifying intervention strategies to improve cultural competence; an online survey to provide a baseline analysis of Indigenous curricula practices; and two in-depth interview studies with academics and students to determine barriers and enablers to increasing Indigenous cultural competence among dental students. As a result, an Indigenous cultural model was developed for dentistry education, recognising three major constituents being critical to achieving cultural competence among dental students. Indigenous cultural competence in dentistry education requires stringent governance, adequate faculty resources and effective educational strategies, in order to increase students' knowledge, understanding and skills to achieve a minimum cultural competence standard upon graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Forsyth
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Short
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
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18
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Abstract
To design a questionnaire that would determine an Indigenous individual's perceptions of the barriers and motivators to aerobic and anabolic exercise with a series of questions designed to elicit the factors that impact uptake and retention of regular physical activity. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to capture information relating to motivators and barriers, traditional physical activities, preferred exercise environments, exercise goals and levels of commitment to physical activity. This article does not report the results of the questionnaire itself but the preparation that was required in order to develop it. Indigenous standpoint theory. Participatory Action Research. A series of consultation meetings were arranged between the first author, a Noongar Aboriginal researcher, with a range of people from the same Noongar community as the author to discuss priorities and develop questions. The drafted questionnaire was shaped with continuous Noongar community feedback to ensure the language, length and appropriateness of questions. Questionnaire reliability was assessed using interclass correlation. Most questions had excellent internal consistency. A consensus was reached on the utility of the questionnaire. The personal contacts of the first author and nature of community involvement in the development of this questionnaire were helpful in assuring that it would be an acceptable tool for the Noongar community. The piloting of the questionnaire was also important in confirming its community acceptability. This article provides a model and suggestions for researching physical activity and exercise in a culturally safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuguy Esgin
- Discipline of Exercise, Health and Performance, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Deborah Hersh
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Kevin Rowley
- Onemda VicHealth Koori Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Behavioural and Social Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2041, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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19
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Gilroy J, Dew A, Barton R, Ryall L, Lincoln M, Taylor K, Jensen H, Flood V, McRae K. Environmental and systemic challenges to delivering services for Aboriginal adults with a disability in Central Australia. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:2919-2929. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1725654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Dew
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Barton
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee Ryall
- Tjungu Team, Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women’s Council, Alice Springs, Australia
| | | | - Kerry Taylor
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Flinders University, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Heather Jensen
- Centre for Remote Health, Flinders University, Alice Springs, Australia
| | - Victoria Flood
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim McRae
- Tjungu Team, Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women’s Council, Alice Springs, Australia
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20
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Fitts MS, Condon T, Gilroy J, Bird K, Bleakley E, Matheson L, Fleming J, Clough AR, Esterman A, Maruff P, Bohanna I. Indigenous traumatic brain injury research: responding to recruitment challenges in the hospital environment. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:172. [PMID: 31390984 PMCID: PMC6686395 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospitals are common recruitment sites for injury and disability studies. However, the clinical and rehabilitation environment can create unique challenges for researchers to recruit participant populations. While there is growing injury and disability focused research involving Indigenous people to understand the types of services and supports required by this population to enhance their recovery experiences, there is limited knowledge of researchers’ experiences implementing recruitment processes in the tertiary hospital environment. This paper reflects on the specific challenges of recruiting Indigenous patients following a traumatic brain injury from two tertiary hospitals in Northern Australia. Methods Between July 2016 and April 2018, research staff recruited eligible patients from one hospital in Queensland and one hospital in the Northern Territory. Qualitative records summarising research staff contact with patients, family members and clinical hospital staff were documented. These qualitative records, in addition to field trip notes and researcher reflections were reviewed to summarise the main challenges in gaining access to patients who fit the eligibility criteria. Results During the recruitment process, there were five main challenges encountered: (1) Patients discharging against medical advice from hospital; (2) Discharge prior to formal emergence from Post Traumatic Amnesia as per the Westmead Post Trauma Amnesia Scale; (3) Patients under adult guardianship orders; (4) Narrow participant eligibility criteria and (5) Coordinating around patient commitments and treatment. Details of how the recruitment processes were modified throughout the recruitment phase of the study to ensure greater access to patients that met the criteria are described. Conclusion Based on our recruitment experiences, several recommendations are proposed for future TBI studies with Indigenous Australians. In addition to treatment, Indigenous TBI patients have wide range of needs that must be addressed while in hospital. Patient engagement and data collection processes should be flexible to respond to patient needs and the hospital environment. Employment of a centralized recruiter at each hospital site may help to minimise the challenges researchers need to navigate in the hospital environment. To improve recruitment processes in hospitals, it is essential for researchers examining other health or injury outcomes to describe their recruitment experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Fitts
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. .,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taeha Condon
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina Bird
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Erica Bleakley
- National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lauren Matheson
- Occupational Therapy Department, Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alan R Clough
- Community-based Health Promotion and Prevention Studies Group, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia and Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - India Bohanna
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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21
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Forsyth C, Irving M, Short S, Tennant M, Gilroy J. Students Don't Know What They Don't Know: Dental and Oral Health Students' Perspectives on Developing Cultural Competence Regarding Indigenous Peoples. J Dent Educ 2019; 83:679-686. [DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Forsyth
- Sydney Dental School; University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- Sydney Dental School; University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - Stephanie Short
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative; Oral Health and Equity; School of Human Sciences; University of Western; Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
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22
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Forsyth C, Irving M, Short S, Tennant M, Gilroy J. Strengthening Indigenous cultural competence in dentistry and oral health education: Academic perspectives. Eur J Dent Educ 2019; 23:e37-e44. [PMID: 30306673 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indigenous Australians continue to experience significant oral health disparities, despite numerous closing-the-gap initiatives. Higher education institutions and accrediting bodies recognise the need to incorporate Indigenous culture more widely into dentistry curricula to address these inequalities. This study aimed to define and explore current Indigenous cultural competence curricula, identify enablers and barriers for integration of Indigenous cultural competence curricula and ascertain innovative strategies to aid students in becoming culturally competent upon graduation, from academics' perspectives. METHODS Academics from the Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD) and Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) programmes at the University of Sydney, School of Dentistry participated in semi-structured interviews to define and explore current and future curricula practices to enable students to become competent in Indigenous culture. Thematic analysis was conducted to synthesise academics' responses. RESULTS Thirteen School of Dentistry academics participated in interviews. Following analysis of the data, six key themes emerged: Theme One: Transfer of Indigenous cultural knowledge, Theme Two: Barriers to developing Indigenous cultural curriculum. Theme Three: Importance of cultural immersion, Theme Four: Resources required for Indigenous cultural education, Theme Five: Proposed Indigenous cultural content, Theme Six: Strategies to incorporate Indigenous culture into curricula. CONCLUSION Improving Indigenous cultural competence amongst dentistry academics and students requires an educational and philosophical shift, incorporating the social determinants of health whilst maintaining the strengths of the biomedical foundations of dental care. It requires the inclusion of an informed history of Indigenous Australians, immersion within Indigenous communities and reflection upon these experiences, to facilitate culturally appropriate ways to improve the provision of dentistry and oral health for Indigenous peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Forsyth
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Irving
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Short
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative, Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Esterman A, Thompson F, Fitts M, Gilroy J, Fleming J, Maruff P, Clough A, Bohanna I. Incidence of emergency department presentations for traumatic brain injury in Indigenous and non-Indigenous residents aged 15-64 over the 9-year period 2007-2015 in North Queensland, Australia. Inj Epidemiol 2018; 5:40. [PMID: 30417259 PMCID: PMC6230543 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-018-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous studies have shown that males have a higher incidence than females, and Indigenous populations have a higher rate than non-Indigenous. To date, no study has compared the incidence rate of TBI between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians for any cause. Here we add to this rather sparse literature. Methods Retrospective analysis of data from North Queensland Emergency Departments between 2007 and 2015 using Australian Bureau of Statistics population estimates for North Queensland residents aged 15–64 years as denominator data. Outcome measures include incidence rate ratios (IRR) for TBI presentations by Indigenous status, age, sex, year of presentation, remoteness, and socio-economic indicator. Results Overall incidence of TBI presentations per 100,000 population was 97.8. Indigenous people had an incidence of 166.4 compared to an incidence in the non-Indigenous population of 86.3, providing an IRR of 1.93 (95% CI 1.77–2.10; p < 0.001). Males were 2.29 (95% CI 2.12–2.48; p < 0.001) times more likely to present than females. Incidence increased with year of presentation only in the Indigenous male population. Conclusions The greater burden of ED presentations for TBI in the Indigenous compared with the non-Indigenous population is of concern. Importantly, the need to provide quality services and support to people living with TBI in remote and very remote areas, and the major role of the new National Disability Insurance Scheme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Esterman
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia. .,James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | | | | | - John Gilroy
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul Maruff
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan Clough
- James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4811, Australia
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Coleman C, Man NWY, Gilroy J, Madden R. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander disability prevalence: making sense of multiple estimates and definitions. Aust N Z J Public Health 2018; 42:562-566. [PMID: 30370971 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the multiple sources of statistics on prevalence of disability among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) people in Australia to provide reliable headline estimates. METHODS Survey documentation and statistics from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) were collated and comparatively analysed. RESULTS Two separate concepts are defined by the ABS: 'Disability' and 'Disability and restrictive health conditions'. The former is used in the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC), the recommended source of disability prevalence estimates. The second is used in surveys to compare people with disability to those without. The 2014-15 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey (NATSISS) used a mix of these definitions, which led to differing prevalence estimates from SDAC estimates. Further, there is confusion in the NATSISS results, with 'disability' frequently replacing 'disability and restrictive health condition'. DISCUSSION The SDAC should be used for prevalence statistics on disability in the Indigenous population. The ABS should act to clarify or withdraw confusing results from the 2014-15 NATSISS survey. Implications for public health: Official statistics are used to allocate resources; in particular, to and within the National Disability Insurance Scheme. These need to be accurate to ensure Indigenous people's health needs are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Coleman
- Sydney Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Statistics, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Nicola Wing Young Man
- Sydney Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Statistics, University of Sydney, New South Wales.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales
| | - John Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Richard Madden
- Sydney Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Statistics, University of Sydney, New South Wales
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Forsyth C, Irving M, Tennant M, Short S, Gilroy J. Indigenous cultural competence: A dental faculty curriculum review. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e419-e426. [PMID: 29288521 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous Australians have more than double the rate of poor oral health than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Cultural competence of dental and oral health practitioners is fundamental to health care and quality of life in addressing health disparities in minority cultural groups in Australia. Higher education curricula reviews have identified the need for institutions to incorporate Indigenous culture and knowledge more widely into the curricula to improve educational outcomes for Indigenous Australians and to increase cultural competence for all students. AIM The aim of this research was to provide a baseline analysis of Indigenous cultural competence curricula practices to ascertain changes required within Faculty of Dentistry programmes at the University of Sydney to enable students to become more culturally competent upon graduation. METHODS Staff and students of the Doctor of Dental Medicine and Bachelor of Oral Health programmes at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney participated in an online survey. Quantitative analysis of the survey data was conducted using integrated research electronic data capture survey tools, with open-ended questions being coded to common responses for those questions. RESULTS A total of 69 staff (71%) and 191 students (51%) participated in the online survey. The majority of participants perceived there was limited Indigenous content in the curriculum. Most participants reported that Indigenous curriculum was integrated into several units of study. The main pedagogical method for curriculum delivery was lectures, followed by case studies and group discussions. CONCLUSION Although some Indigenous content exists in dental faculty curriculum, in-depth investigation is required to develop a comprehensive, evidenced-based Indigenous cultural competence teaching framework, for integration into Doctor of Dental Medicine and Bachelor of Oral Health curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Forsyth
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - M Irving
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - M Tennant
- International Research Collaborative - Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - S Short
- Discipline of Behavioural & Social Sciences in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, WHO Collaborating Centre in Health Workforce Development in Rehabilitation and Long Term Care, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - J Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Gilroy J, Emerson E. Australian indigenous children with low cognitive ability: Family and cultural participation. Res Dev Disabil 2016; 56:117-127. [PMID: 27286466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Family and cultural inclusion are essential for the healthy development of young Australian Indigenous peoples with low cognitive ability. To date, this issue has received limited research attention. A secondary analysis of data collected in Wave 4 of Footprints in Time, Australia's Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children, was conducted to help address this research gap. The study results indicated that in some areas, Indigenous children with low cognitive ability are at a higher risk of social exclusion than their peers. We discuss the policy implications of these findings with regards to addressing Indigenous disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Dew
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Lincoln
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monique Hines
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Gilroy J, Wang AM, Lux JE. Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome in a Heroin Addict. J Neuroimaging 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jon199112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Madden RH, Glozier N, Fortune N, Dyson M, Gilroy J, Bundy A, Llewellyn G, Salvador-Carulla L, Lukersmith S, Mpofu E, Madden R. In search of an integrative measure of functioning. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:5815-32. [PMID: 26016438 PMCID: PMC4483673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120605815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
International trends towards people-centred, integrative care and support require any measurement of functioning and disability to meet multiple aims. The information requirements of two major Australian programs for disability and rehabilitation are outlined, and the findings of two searches for suitable measures of functioning and disability are analysed. Over 30 current measures of functioning were evaluated in each search. Neither search found a generic measure of functioning suitable for these multibillion dollar programs, relevant to a wide range of people with a variety of health conditions and functioning experiences, and capable of indicating support needs, associated costs, progress and outcomes. This unsuccessful outcome has implications internationally for policy-relevant information for disability, rehabilitation and related programs. The paper outlines the features of an Integrative Measure of Functioning (IMF) based on the concepts of functioning and environmental factors in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). An IMF would be applicable across a variety of health conditions, settings and purposes, ranging from individual assessment to public health. An IMF could deliver person-centred, policy-relevant information for a range of programs, promoting harmonised language and measurement and supporting international trends in human services and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamond H. Madden
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-293-519-115; Fax: +61-293-519-128
| | - Nick Glozier
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Nicola Fortune
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
- National Centre for Classification in Health, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia
| | - Maree Dyson
- Dyson Consulting Group, 450 Chapel Street, South Yarra, VIC 3141, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - John Gilroy
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
| | - Anita Bundy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, East Street, Lidcombe 2141, Australia; E-Mails: (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Gwynnyth Llewellyn
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
| | - Luis Salvador-Carulla
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Sue Lukersmith
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, East Street, Lidcombe 2141, Australia; E-Mails: (A.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Richard Madden
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia; E-Mails: (N.F.); (J.G.); (G.L.); (L.S.-C.); (R.M.)
- National Centre for Classification in Health, University of Sydney, P.O. Box 170, NSW 1826, Australia
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Cordeiro MDN, Richardson M, Gilroy J, Figueiredo SGD, Beirão PSL, Diniz CR. Properties of the Venom from the South American ‘‘Armed'’ Spider Phoneutria Nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15569549509019466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Roujeinikova A, Simon WJ, Gilroy J, Rice DW, Rafferty JB, Slabas AR. Structural Studies of Fatty Acyl-(Acyl Carrier Protein) Thioesters Reveal a Hydrophobic Binding Cavity that Can Expand to Fit Longer Substrates. J Mol Biol 2007; 365:135-45. [PMID: 17059829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A knowledge of the structures of acyl chain loaded species of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) as used in fatty acid biosynthesis and a range of other metabolic events, is essential for a full understanding of the molecular recognition at the heart of these processes. To date the only crystal structure of an acylated species of ACP is that of a butyryl derivative of Escherichia coli ACP. We have now determined the structures of a family of acylated E. coli ACPs of varying acyl chain length. The acyl moiety is attached via a thioester bond to a phosphopantetheine linker that is in turn bound to a serine residue in ACP. The growing acyl chain can be accommodated within a central cavity in the ACP for transport during the elongation stages of lipid synthesis through changes in the conformation of a four alpha-helix bundle. The results not only clarify the means by which a substrate of varying size and complexity is transported in the cell but also suggest a mechanism by which interacting enzymes can recognize the loaded ACP through recognition of surface features including the conformation of the phosphopantetheine linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roujeinikova
- Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Wilson NS, Gilroy J, Dolan JW, Snyder LR. Column selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. VI. Columns with embedded or end-capping polar groups. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1026:91-100. [PMID: 14763736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A previous model of column selectivity for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) has been applied to an additional 21 columns with embedded or end-capping polar groups (EPGs). Embedded-polar-group columns exhibit a significantly different selectivity vs. non-EPG, type-B columns, generally showing preferential retention of hydrogen-bond donors, as well as decreased retention for hydrogen-bond acceptors or ionized bases. EPG-columns are also generally less hydrophobic (more polar) than are non-EPG-columns. Interestingly, columns with polar end-capping tend to more closely resemble non-EPG columns, suggesting that the polar group has less effect on column selectivity when used to end-cap the column versus the case of an embedded polar group. Column selectivity data reported here for EPG-columns can be combined with previously reported values for non-EPG columns to provide a database of 154 different columns. This enables a comparison of any two of these columns in terms of selectivity. However, comparisons that involve EPG columns are more approximate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Wilson
- BASi Northwest Laboratory, 3138 NE Rivergate, Bldg. 301C, McMinnville, OR 97128, USA
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Bosanko CM, Gilroy J, Wang AM, Sanders W, Dulai M, Wilson J, Blum K. West nile virus encephalitis involving the substantia nigra: neuroimaging and pathologic findings with literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 60:1448-52. [PMID: 14568817 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.60.10.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus has become a medically important arbovirus in the continental United States with its debut in 1999 in the New York City area. We present neuroimaging features and pathologic findings in 2 patients who were severely affected out of the more that 100 documented cases at our institution. Both patients showed striking involvement of the substantia nigra, a finding not previously reported for West Nile virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Mae Bosanko
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich 48073, USA.
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Murdoch D, Bekris N, Boissin JC, Day C, Gilroy J, Glugla M, Lässer R, Mack A. EU contribution to ITER CTA fuel cycle design and R&D. Fusion Engineering and Design 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barnett AH, Capaldi B, Davies-Lyons M, Farooqi A, Gadsby R, Gilroy J, Hill J, Hughes EJ, Kirby M, Owens D, Tasker PRW, Vora J. Expert opinion statement on the use of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roujeinikova A, Baldock C, Simon WJ, Gilroy J, Baker PJ, Stuitje AR, Rice DW, Slabas AR, Rafferty JB. X-ray crystallographic studies on butyryl-ACP reveal flexibility of the structure around a putative acyl chain binding site. Structure 2002; 10:825-35. [PMID: 12057197 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(02)00775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an essential cofactor in biosynthesis of fatty acids and many other reactions that require acyl transfer steps. We have determined the first crystal structures of an acylated form of ACP from E. coli, that of butyryl-ACP. Our analysis of the molecular surface of ACP reveals a plastic hydrophobic cavity in the vicinity of the phosphopantethylated Ser36 residue that is expanded and occupied by the butyryl and beta-mercaptoethylamine moieties of the acylated 4'-phosphopantetheine group in one of our crystal forms. In the other form, the cavity is contracted, and we propose that the protein has adopted the conformation after delivery of substrate into the active site of a partner enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roujeinikova
- Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Roujeinikova A, Baldock C, Simon WJ, Gilroy J, Baker PJ, Stuitje AR, Rice DW, Rafferty JB, Slabas AR. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies on acyl-(acyl carrier protein) from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2002; 58:330-2. [PMID: 11807267 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2001] [Accepted: 11/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acyl carrier proteins carry the lipid substrate to the enzymes of the fatty acid synthase system. Crystals of Escherichia coli acyl carrier protein to which a butyryl group has been attached via a thioester link to the phosphopantetheine prosthetic arm have been obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. These crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 27.6, b = 41.6, c = 63.7 A. The asymmetric unit appears to contain one subunit, corresponding to a packing density of 2.1 A(3) Da(-1). Crystals of the selenomethionine-substituted (SeMet) protein were obtained using different conditions and belong to space group P6(3), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 63.4, c = 37.0 A, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees and with a monomer in the asymmetric unit (V(M) = 2.5 A(3) Da(-1)). Crystals of a SeMet butyryl-ACP I62M variant were obtained using the conditions for the native protein. Like the native crystals, these belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and have unit-cell parameters a = 27.3, b = 41.9, c = 64.5 A. A data set suitable for MAD phasing was collected from the crystals of the I62M variant to 1.8 A resolution on the ESRF beamline ID14-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roujeinikova
- Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, England
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de Figueiredo SG, de Lima ME, Nascimento Cordeiro M, Diniz CR, Patten D, Halliwell RF, Gilroy J, Richardson M. Purification and amino acid sequence of a highly insecticidal toxin from the venom of the brazilian spider Phoneutria nigriventer which inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in rat hippocampal neurones. Toxicon 2001; 39:309-17. [PMID: 10978749 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(00)00129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new insecticidal toxin Tx4(5-5) was isolated from the fraction PhTx4 of the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and anion exchange HPLC. The complete amino acid sequence determined by automated Edman degradation showed that Tx4(5-5) is a single chain polypeptide composed of 47 amino acid residues, including 10 cysteines, with a calculated molecular mass of 5175 Da. Tx4(5-5) shows 64% of sequence identity with Tx4(6-1), another insecticidal toxin from the same venom. Tx4(5-5) was highly toxic to house fly (Musca domestica), cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and cricket (Acheta domesticus ), producing neurotoxic effects (knock-down, trembling with uncoordinated movements) at doses as low as 50 ng/g (house fly), 250 ng/g (cockroach) and 150 ng/g (cricket). In contrast, intracerebroventricular injections (30 microg) into mice induced no behavioural effects. Preliminary electrophysiological studies carried out on whole-cell voltage-clamped rat hippocampal neurones indicated that Tx4(5-5) (at 1 microM) reversibly inhibited the N-methyl-D-aspartate-subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor, while having little or no effect on kainate-, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid- or gamma-aminobutyric acid-activated currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G de Figueiredo
- Departmento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- R A James
- Endocrine Unit, Medicines Information and Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, NE1 4LP, UK
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Slabas AR, Simon WR, Schierer T, Kroon J, Fawcett T, Hayman M, Gilroy J, Nishida I, Murata N, Rafferty J, Turnbull A, Rice D. Plant glycerol-3-phosphate-1-acyltransferase (GPAT): structure selectivity studies. Biochem Soc Trans 2000; 28:677-9. [PMID: 11171167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Squash glycerol-3-phosphate-1-acyltransferase has been crystallized and the structure of the enzyme determined, at 1.9-A resolution, using multiple isomorphous replacement of the wild type and a series of individual cysteine mutants. Competitive in vitro substrate selectivity assays have been established that differentiate between selective and non-selective forms of the enzyme. Particular care was taken to use near-physiological concentrations of both substrates. Clear substrate selectivity can be demonstrated with the natural substrate acyl-acyl carrier protein but not with the substrate analogue acyl-CoA. The use of site-directed mutagenesis, coupled to three-dimensional structural determinations, should provide a rational basis for elucidating structural components important in determining the substrate selectivity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Slabas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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41
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Sanchez EF, Santos CI, Magalhaes A, Diniz CR, Figueiredo S, Gilroy J, Richardson M. Isolation of a proteinase with plasminogen-activating activity from Lachesis muta muta (bushmaster) snake venom. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 378:131-41. [PMID: 10871053 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A plasminogen activator enzyme (LV-PA) from Lachesis muta muta venom was purified to homogeneity using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions showed a single protein band with an Mr of 33,000 Da. It is an acidic glycoprotein which activates plasminogen to plasmin indirectly, functioning via prior formation of a molecular complex, known as plasminogen activator. The purified preparation catalyzes the hydrolysis of several p-nitroanilide peptide substrates containing Lys at the scissile bond. In contrast, no hydrolysis was detected on the synthetic substrates TAME and BAPNA, which contain arginine. By the use of the plasmin-specific chromogenic substrate Tos-Gly-Pro-Lys-pNA, the preparation had a plasmin-like activity of 0.68 U/mg, which was 35.8-fold higher than that of the crude venom from which it was prepared. In vitro, fibrin hydrolysis using LV-PA as plasminogen activator displayed more similarity with the effect produced by streptokinase (SK). SDS-PAGE (10%) analysis showed a 115-kDa complex formation after incubation of plasminogen with either LV-PA or SK. At a molar ratio of 50:1 (fibrinogen:enzyme), the preparation exhibited weakly fibrinogenolytic activity. However, LV-PA is distinguished from thrombin in that it does not clot fibrinogen. After incubation of LV-PA with platelet-rich plasma, the enzyme (2 microM) showed no effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, or collagen. Comparison of the N-terminal sequence of LV-PA with other snake venom plasminogen activators revealed that LV-PA exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with the TsVPA from Trimeresurus stejnegeri (90%) and with the Haly-PA from Agkistrodon halys (85%). LV-PA also has homology with other snake venom serine proteinases such as the thrombin-like/gyroxin analogue (38%) from bushmaster venom and with other coagulation serine proteases. The proteinase was readily inhibited by treatment with p-nitrophenyl p-guanidinebenzoate, p-aminobenzamidine, and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride but was not affected by metal chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Sanchez
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundacão Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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42
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Milligan RA, Gilroy J, Katz KS, Rodan MF, Subramanian KN. Developing a shared language: interdisciplinary communication among diverse health care professionals. Holist Nurs Pract 1999; 13:47-53. [PMID: 10196902 DOI: 10.1097/00004650-199901000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary teams of nurses, physicians, and other professionals may have difficulty communicating because of inconsistent theoretical underpinnings. A theoretical base that spans both clinical outcomes and professional boundaries is needed. The web of causation is a theoretical framework that provides a platform of communication connecting issues related to infant mortality among various health-related professions. It includes professional, community, and institutional issues relevant to pregnant women and new mothers as infant caregivers. The article discusses how the web was used for interdisciplinary health care professional interaction and how it was used to develop a series of research protocols that will affect the care of mothers and infants in the District of Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Milligan
- School of Nursing, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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43
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Pandya MJ, Smith DA, Yarwood A, Gilroy J, Richardson M. Complete amino acid sequences of two trypsin inhibitors from buckwheat seed. Phytochemistry 1996; 43:327-331. [PMID: 8862028 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The major trypsin isoinhibitors from seed extracts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Mönch) were purified by affinity chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, anion exchange HPLC and reversed-phase HPLC, and the complete amino acid sequences of two isoinhibitors, BTI-1 and BTI-2, were established by automated Edman degradation. Each isoinhibitor consists of a single polypeptide chain of 69 amino acids, including two Cys residues. The N-terminal sequence of a third isoform, BTI-3, was also determined. The buckwheat trypsin isoinhibitors exhibit clear sequence similarities with the potato chymotrypsin inhibitor I family of serine proteinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pandya
- IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bristol, U.K
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44
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Nunn JH, Smeaton I, Gilroy J. The development of formocresol as a medicament for primary molar pulpotomy procedures. ASDC J Dent Child 1996; 63:51-53. [PMID: 8655751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of formocresol as a pulpotomy medicament is charted from the 19th Century to the present day. While the solution has come in and out of vogue, few agents can seriously challenge its efficacy. Doubts about its toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity have led, however, to a call for a more dilute formulation as well as a review of alternative medicaments. Problems arise in deriving an appropriate formula for a dilute version from existing formulations, which appear to have misinterpreted the concentration of constituents in the original solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nunn
- Department of Child Dental Health, Dental School, Newcastle Upon Tyne
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45
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Abstract
One hundred consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of exacerbation of multiple sclerosis were evaluated for an infectious process. All patients received a complete blood count, urinalysis, urine culture with susceptibility studies, blood cultures, and a chest x-ray at the time of admission. A control group of 55 patients carrying the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis but without symptoms of neurologic decline were also studied. Thirty-five percent of patients experiencing exacerbation of their disease were identified as having a significant bacterial infection compared with 11% in the control group with quiescent disease. These results were significant with a P value of < 0.001. When presumptive viral and bacterial infections diagnosed before admission were included, almost 50% of patients could have had an exacerbation of their disease in response to an infectious process. Bacterial infection might well play a role in precipitating relapse in multiple sclerosis as well as influencing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Rapp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073, USA
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46
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Duranti M, Horstmann C, Gilroy J, Croy RR. The molecular basis for N-glycosylation in the 11S globulin (legumin) of lupin seed. J Protein Chem 1995; 14:107-10. [PMID: 7786405 DOI: 10.1007/bf01888368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1994] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange-HPLC under denaturing conditions was used to purify to homogeneity the major M(r) 44,000 alpha subunit of lupin seed (Lupinus albus, L.) 11S storage globulin (legumin). The carboxymethylated subunit was digested with trypsin and the peptide fragments separated by reverse phase HPLC. Only one glycosylated peptide reacting with concanavalin A was identified by dot-blotting. Its amino acid sequence allowed the location of this peptide within a highly conserved region in proximity to the N-terminus of the alpha subunits of the 11S globulins from other seeds. The unique presence of a serine residue in a sequence N-X-S of lupin 11S globulin, compared with all other 11S proteins, allows it to be the only protein of this class to bear covalently linked carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duranti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari, Università Statale di Milano, Italy
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47
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Gendi NS, Welsh KI, Van Venrooij WJ, Vancheeswaran R, Gilroy J, Black CM. HLA type as a predictor of mixed connective tissue disease differentiation. Ten-year clinical and immunogenetic followup of 46 patients. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38:259-66. [PMID: 7848317 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780380216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine any clinical or genetic markers of differentiation and outcome in a previously described cohort of 46 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). METHODS Patients were clinically evaluated, chart notes reviewed, and HLA subtyping and immunology profiles performed where possible. Eleven had died and 7 were lost to followup. RESULTS MCTD had differentiated into systemic lupus erythematosus in 12 patients and into systemic sclerosis in 13. The latter was associated with HLA-DR5 (P = 0.038), and nondifferentiation was associated with HLA-DR2 or DR4 (P = 0.007). Three HLA-DR4 positive patients had MCTD that evolved into rheumatoid arthritis. Erosive and/or deforming arthritis was associated with HLA-DR1 or DR4 (P = 0.015). HLA-DR3 was associated with interstitial lung fibrosis (P = 0.044) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (0.001 < P < 0.01). Severe Raynaud's phenomenon predicted higher mortality (0.01 < P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We suggest that MCTD is, for most patients, an intermediate stage in a genetically determined progression to a recognized connective tissue disease. Those whose disease remains undifferentiated might be considered a distinct subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Gendi
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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48
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Abstract
1. Recent evidence has hinted at a peripheral site of action of morphine analgesic efficacy. 2. Previous studies by the same authors have developed a model for testing local analgesic efficacy by placing drugs into tooth sockets after third molar surgery. 3. The present studies test the hypothesis of local morphine activity at two dosage concentrations, 100 ng ml-1 and 100 micrograms ml-1 after third molar surgery. 4. No significant analgesic efficacy was found at either dose when compared with placebo.
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49
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Magalhaes A, Da Fonseca BC, Diniz CR, Gilroy J, Richardson M. The complete amino acid sequence of a thrombin-like enzyme/gyroxin analogue from venom of the bushmaster snake (Lachesis muta muta). FEBS Lett 1993; 329:116-20. [PMID: 8354384 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of a thrombin-like enzyme with gyroxin activity isolated from the venom of the bushmaster snake Lachesis muta muta was determined by automated and DABITC/PITC microsequencing of the intact protein; fragments derived from it by separate cleavages with cyanogen bromide, iodosobenzoic acid and hydroxylamine; and peptides resulting from enzymatic digestions with trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. The protein, which is composed of 228 residues, contains four putative sites of N-linked glycosylation and exhibits significant sequence similarities with other serine proteases reported from snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Magalhaes
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundacão Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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50
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Cordeiro MDN, de Figueiredo SG, Valentim ADC, Diniz CR, von Eickstedt VR, Gilroy J, Richardson M. Purification and amino acid sequences of six Tx3 type neurotoxins from the venom of the Brazilian 'armed' spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keys). Toxicon 1993; 31:35-42. [PMID: 8446961 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(93)90354-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Six neurotoxic peptides (Tx3-1 to Tx3-6) were purified from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer by a combination of gel filtration, reverse phase FPLC on PEP-RPC and PRO-RPC columns, reverse phase HPLC on Vydac C18, and ion exchange HPLC on cationic and anionic columns. These toxins caused different neurological symptoms in mice after intracerebroventricular injection. At dose levels of 5 micrograms/mouse, Tx3-3 and Tx3-4 caused rapid general flaccid paralysis followed by death in 10-30 min; Tx3-2 induced immediate clockwise gyration and flaccid paralysis after 6 hr; Tx3-1, Tx3-5 and Tx3-6 produced paralysis only in the posterior limbs and gradual decreases in movement and aggression during 24 hr. The mol. wt of these cystine-rich peptides were found to be in the range of 3500-8500 by mass spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE. The complete amino acid sequences of the neurotoxins Tx3-1 (40 residues), Tx3-2 (34 residues) and Tx3-6 (55 residues), and the N-terminal sequences of Tx3-3 (34 res.), Tx3-4 (40 res.) and Tx3-5 (36 res.) were established by direct automated Edman degradation, and manual DABITC/PITC microsequence analyses of peptides obtained from digests with various proteases. The structures of these Tx3 neurotoxins from Phoneutria nigriventer exhibited sequence similarities to one another and to the neurotoxins from the venoms of the spiders Hololena curta and Agelenopsis aperta, which were most evident in the location of the Cys residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M do N Cordeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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