1
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Brahlek M, Mazza AR, Annaberdiyev A, Chilcote M, Rimal G, Halász GB, Pham A, Pai YY, Krogel JT, Lapano J, Lawrie BJ, Eres G, McChesney J, Prokscha T, Suter A, Oh S, Freeland JW, Cao Y, Gardner JS, Salman Z, Moore RG, Ganesh P, Ward TZ. Emergent Magnetism with Continuous Control in the Ultrahigh-Conductivity Layered Oxide PdCoO 2. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7279-7287. [PMID: 37527431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The current challenge to realizing continuously tunable magnetism lies in our inability to systematically change properties, such as valence, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom, as well as crystallographic geometry. Here, we demonstrate that ferromagnetism can be externally turned on with the application of low-energy helium implantation and can be subsequently erased and returned to the pristine state via annealing. This high level of continuous control is made possible by targeting magnetic metastability in the ultrahigh-conductivity, nonmagnetic layered oxide PdCoO2 where local lattice distortions generated by helium implantation induce the emergence of a net moment on the surrounding transition metal octahedral sites. These highly localized moments communicate through the itinerant metal states, which trigger the onset of percolated long-range ferromagnetism. The ability to continuously tune competing interactions enables tailoring precise magnetic and magnetotransport responses in an ultrahigh-conductivity film and will be critical to applications across spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brahlek
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alessandro R Mazza
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Abdulgani Annaberdiyev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael Chilcote
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gaurab Rimal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gábor B Halász
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anh Pham
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yun-Yi Pai
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jaron T Krogel
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jason Lapano
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin J Lawrie
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gyula Eres
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jessica McChesney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yue Cao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jason S Gardner
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zaher Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Robert G Moore
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - T Zac Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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2
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Shao Z, Schnitzer N, Ruf J, Gorobtsov OY, Dai C, Goodge BH, Yang T, Nair H, Stoica VA, Freeland JW, Ruff JP, Chen LQ, Schlom DG, Shen KM, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A. Real-space imaging of periodic nanotextures in thin films via phasing of diffraction data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303312120. [PMID: 37410867 PMCID: PMC10334741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303312120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New properties and exotic quantum phenomena can form due to periodic nanotextures, including Moire patterns, ferroic domains, and topologically protected magnetization and polarization textures. Despite the availability of powerful tools to characterize the atomic crystal structure, the visualization of nanoscale strain-modulated structural motifs remains challenging. Here, we develop nondestructive real-space imaging of periodic lattice distortions in thin epitaxial films and report an emergent periodic nanotexture in a Mott insulator. Specifically, we combine iterative phase retrieval with unsupervised machine learning to invert the diffuse scattering pattern from conventional X-ray reciprocal-space maps into real-space images of crystalline displacements. Our imaging in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices exhibiting checkerboard strain modulation substantiates published phase-field model calculations. Furthermore, the imaging of biaxially strained Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 reveals a strain-induced nanotexture comprised of nanometer-thin metallic-structure wires separated by nanometer-thin Mott-insulating-structure walls, as confirmed by cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM). The nanotexture in Ca2RuO4 film is induced by the metal-to-insulator transition and has not been reported in bulk crystals. We expect the phasing of diffuse X-ray scattering from thin crystalline films in combination with cryo-STEM to open a powerful avenue for discovering, visualizing, and quantifying the periodic strain-modulated structures in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Jacob Ruf
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Oleg Yu. Gorobtsov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Cheng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Berit H. Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Hari Nair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Vlad A. Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Jacob P. Ruff
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Darrell G. Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Kyle M. Shen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
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3
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Woodahl C, Jamnuch S, Amado A, Uzundal CB, Berger E, Manset P, Zhu Y, Li Y, Fong DD, Connell JG, Hirata Y, Kubota Y, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Te Velthuis SGE, Tepavcevic S, Matsuda I, Drisdell WS, Schwartz CP, Freeland JW, Pascal TA, Zong A, Zuerch M. Probing lithium mobility at a solid electrolyte surface. Nat Mater 2023; 22:848-852. [PMID: 37106132 PMCID: PMC10313518 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes overcome many challenges of present-day lithium ion batteries, such as safety hazards and dendrite formation1,2. However, detailed understanding of the involved lithium dynamics is missing due to a lack of in operando measurements with chemical and interfacial specificity. Here we investigate a prototypical solid-state electrolyte using linear and nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet spectroscopies. Leveraging the surface sensitivity of extreme-ultraviolet-second-harmonic-generation spectroscopy, we obtained a direct spectral signature of surface lithium ions, showing a distinct blueshift relative to bulk absorption spectra. First-principles simulations attributed the shift to transitions from the lithium 1 s state to hybridized Li-s/Ti-d orbitals at the surface. Our calculations further suggest a reduction in lithium interfacial mobility due to suppressed low-frequency rattling modes, which is the fundamental origin of the large interfacial resistance in this material. Our findings pave the way for new optimization strategies to develop these electrochemical devices via interfacial engineering of lithium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Woodahl
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasawat Jamnuch
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angelique Amado
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Can B Uzundal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emma Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul Manset
- École Normale Supérieure - PSL, Paris, France
| | - Yisi Zhu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Justin G Connell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | - Yuya Kubota
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Sanja Tepavcevic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Walter S Drisdell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Craig P Schwartz
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Tod A Pascal
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Ramanathan A, Kaplan J, Sergentu DC, Branson JA, Ozerov M, Kolesnikov AI, Minasian SG, Autschbach J, Freeland JW, Jiang Z, Mourigal M, La Pierre HS. Chemical design of electronic and magnetic energy scales of tetravalent praseodymium materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3134. [PMID: 37253731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lanthanides in the trivalent oxidation state are typically described using an ionic picture that leads to localized magnetic moments. The hierarchical energy scales associated with trivalent lanthanides produce desirable properties for e.g., molecular magnetism, quantum materials, and quantum transduction. Here, we show that this traditional ionic paradigm breaks down for praseodymium in the tetravalent oxidation state. Synthetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical tools deployed on several solid-state Pr4+-oxides uncover the unusual participation of 4f orbitals in bonding and the anomalous hybridization of the 4f1 configuration with ligand valence electrons, analogous to transition metals. The competition between crystal-field and spin-orbit-coupling interactions fundamentally transforms the spin-orbital magnetism of Pr4+, which departs from the Jeff = 1/2 limit and resembles that of high-valent actinides. Our results show that Pr4+ ions are in a class on their own, where the hierarchy of single-ion energy scales can be tailored to explore new correlated phenomena in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ramanathan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jensen Kaplan
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- University of Rennes, CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- A. I. Cuza University of Iași, RA-03 Laboratory (RECENT AIR), Iași, 700506, Romania
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Jacob A Branson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | | | | | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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5
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Rosenberg E, Bauer J, Cho E, Kumar A, Pelliciari J, Occhialini CA, Ning S, Kaczmarek A, Rosenberg R, Freeland JW, Chen YC, Wang JP, LeBeau J, Comin R, de Groot FMF, Ross CA. Revealing Site Occupancy in a Complex Oxide: Terbium Iron Garnet. Small 2023:e2300824. [PMID: 37060220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxide films stabilized by epitaxial growth can exhibit large populations of point defects which have important effects on their properties. The site occupancy of pulsed laser-deposited epitaxial terbium iron garnet (TbIG) films with excess terbium (Tb) is analyzed, in which the terbium:iron (Tb:Fe)ratio is 0.86 compared to the stoichiometric value of 0.6. The magnetic properties of the TbIG are sensitive to site occupancy, exhibiting a higher compensation temperature (by 90 K) and a lower Curie temperature (by 40 K) than the bulk Tb3 Fe5 O12 garnet. Data derived from X-ray core-level spectroscopy, magnetometry, and molecular field coefficient modeling are consistent with occupancy of the dodecahedral sites by Tb3+ , the octahedral sites by Fe3+ , Tb3+ and vacancies, and the tetrahedral sites by Fe3+ and vacancies. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope provides direct evidence of TbFe antisites. A small fraction of Fe2+ is present, and oxygen vacancies are inferred to be present to maintain charge neutrality. Variation of the site occupancies provides a path to considerable manipulation of the magnetic properties of epitaxial iron garnet films and other complex oxides, which readily accommodate stoichiometries not found in their bulk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Rosenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN, 55114, USA
| | - Jackson Bauer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eunsoo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Abinash Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Pelliciari
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Connor A Occhialini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Shuai Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Allison Kaczmarek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Richard Rosenberg
- Advanced Photon Source, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - James LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Riccardo Comin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - F M F de Groot
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, Utrecht, 3584 CG, Netherlands
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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6
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McCarter MR, Kim KT, Stoica VA, Das S, Klewe C, Donoway EP, Burn DM, Shafer P, Rodolakis F, Gonçalves MAP, Gómez-Ortiz F, Íñiguez J, García-Fernández P, Junquera J, Lovesey SW, van der Laan G, Park SY, Freeland JW, Martin LW, Lee DR, Ramesh R. Structural Chirality of Polar Skyrmions Probed by Resonant Elastic X-Ray Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:247601. [PMID: 36563236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An escalating challenge in condensed-matter research is the characterization of emergent order-parameter nanostructures such as ferroelectric and ferromagnetic skyrmions. Their small length scales coupled with complex, three-dimensional polarization or spin structures makes them demanding to trace out fully. Resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) has emerged as a technique to study chirality in spin textures such as skyrmions and domain walls. It has, however, been used to a considerably lesser extent to study analogous features in ferroelectrics. Here, we present a framework for modeling REXS from an arbitrary arrangement of charge quadrupole moments, which can be applied to nanostructures in materials such as ferroelectrics. With this, we demonstrate how extended reciprocal space scans using REXS with circularly polarized x rays can probe the three-dimensional structure and chirality of polar skyrmions. Measurements, bolstered by quantitative scattering calculations, show that polar skyrmions of mixed chirality coexist, and that REXS allows valuation of relative fractions of right- and left-handed skyrmions. Our quantitative analysis of the structure and chirality of polar skyrmions highlights the capability of REXS for establishing complex topological structures toward future application exploits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kook Tae Kim
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sujit Das
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Christoph Klewe
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Donoway
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David M Burn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fanny Rodolakis
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Mauro A P Gonçalves
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando Gómez-Ortiz
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Junquera
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Stephen W Lovesey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit van der Laan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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Padmanabhan H, Stoica VA, Kim PK, Poore M, Yang T, Shen X, Reid AH, Lin MF, Park S, Yang J, Wang HH, Koocher NZ, Puggioni D, Georgescu AB, Min L, Lee SH, Mao Z, Rondinelli JM, Lindenberg AM, Chen LQ, Wang X, Averitt RD, Freeland JW, Gopalan V. Large Exchange Coupling Between Localized Spins and Topological Bands in MnBi 2 Te 4. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202841. [PMID: 36189841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in topological materials creates phases exhibiting quantized transport phenomena with potential technological applications. The emergence of such phases relies on strong interaction between localized spins and the topological bands, and the consequent formation of an exchange gap. However, this remains experimentally unquantified in intrinsic magnetic topological materials. Here, this interaction is quantified in MnBi2 Te4 , a topological insulator with intrinsic antiferromagnetism. This is achieved by optically exciting Bi-Te p states comprising the bulk topological bands and interrogating the consequent Mn 3d spin dynamics, using a multimodal ultrafast approach. Ultrafast electron scattering and magneto-optic measurements show that the p states demagnetize via electron-phonon scattering at picosecond timescales. Despite being energetically decoupled from the optical excitation, the Mn 3d spins, probed by resonant X-ray scattering, are observed to disorder concurrently with the p spins. Together with atomistic simulations, this reveals that the exchange coupling between localized spins and the topological bands is at least 100 times larger than the superexchange interaction, implying an optimal exchange gap of at least 25 meV in the surface states. By quantifying this exchange coupling, this study validates the materials-by-design strategy of utilizing localized magnetic order to manipulate topological phases, spanning static to ultrafast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Padmanabhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maxwell Poore
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Suji Park
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Huaiyu Hugo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nathan Z Koocher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexandru B Georgescu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lujin Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Seng Huat Lee
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Aaron M Lindenberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Richard D Averitt
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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8
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Hu L, Kim S, Jokisaari JR, Nolis GM, Yoo HD, Freeland JW, Klie RF, Fister TT, Cabana J. Synthesis and Mg2+ deintercalation in manganese spinel nanocrystals. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Cheema SS, Shanker N, Hsu SL, Rho Y, Hsu CH, Stoica VA, Zhang Z, Freeland JW, Shafer P, Grigoropoulos CP, Ciston J, Salahuddin S. Emergent ferroelectricity in subnanometer binary oxide films on silicon. Science 2022; 376:648-652. [PMID: 35536900 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The critical size limit of voltage-switchable electric dipoles has extensive implications for energy-efficient electronics, underlying the importance of ferroelectric order stabilized at reduced dimensionality. We report on the thickness-dependent antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition in zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) thin films on silicon. The emergent ferroelectricity and hysteretic polarization switching in ultrathin ZrO2, conventionally a paraelectric material, notably persists down to a film thickness of 5 angstroms, the fluorite-structure unit-cell size. This approach to exploit three-dimensional centrosymmetric materials deposited down to the two-dimensional thickness limit, particularly within this model fluorite-structure system that possesses unconventional ferroelectric size effects, offers substantial promise for electronics, demonstrated by proof-of-principle atomic-scale nonvolatile ferroelectric memory on silicon. Additionally, it is also indicative of hidden electronic phenomena that are achievable across a wide class of simple binary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj S Cheema
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nirmaan Shanker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Lin Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yoonsoo Rho
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sayeef Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Mazza AR, Skoropata E, Sharma Y, Lapano J, Heitmann TW, Musico BL, Keppens V, Gai Z, Freeland JW, Charlton TR, Brahlek M, Moreo A, Dagotto E, Ward TZ. Designing Magnetism in High Entropy Oxides. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200391. [PMID: 35150081 PMCID: PMC8981892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In magnetic systems, spin and exchange disorder can provide access to quantum criticality, frustration, and spin dynamics, but broad tunability of these responses and a deeper understanding of strong limit disorder are lacking. Here, it is demonstrated that high entropy oxides present a previously unexplored route to designing materials in which the presence of strong local compositional disorder may be exploited to generate tunable magnetic behaviors-from macroscopically ordered states to frustration-driven dynamic spin interactions. Single-crystal La(Cr0.2 Mn0.2 Fe0.2 Co0.2 Ni0.2 )O3 films are used as a model system hosting a magnetic sublattice with a high degree of microstate disorder in the form of site-to-site spin and exchange type inhomogeneity. A classical Heisenberg model simplified to represent the highest probability microstates well describes how compositionally disordered systems can paradoxically host magnetic uniformity and demonstrates a path toward continuous control over ordering types and critical temperatures. Model-predicted materials are synthesized and found to possess an incipient quantum critical point when magnetic ordering types are designed to be in direct competition, this leads to highly controllable exchange bias behaviors previously accessible only in intentionally designed bilayer heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro R. Mazza
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Elizabeth Skoropata
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Center for Integrated NanotechnologiesLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Jason Lapano
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Thomas W. Heitmann
- University of Missouri Research ReactorThe University of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Brianna L. Musico
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996‐4545USA
| | - Veerle Keppens
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996‐4545USA
| | - Zheng Gai
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced Photon SourceArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA
| | | | - Matthew Brahlek
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Adriana Moreo
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Elbio Dagotto
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Thomas Z. Ward
- Materials Science and Technology DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
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11
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Cheema SS, Shanker N, Wang LC, Hsu CH, Hsu SL, Liao YH, San Jose M, Gomez J, Chakraborty W, Li W, Bae JH, Volkman SK, Kwon D, Rho Y, Pinelli G, Rastogi R, Pipitone D, Stull C, Cook M, Tyrrell B, Stoica VA, Zhang Z, Freeland JW, Tassone CJ, Mehta A, Saheli G, Thompson D, Suh DI, Koo WT, Nam KJ, Jung DJ, Song WB, Lin CH, Nam S, Heo J, Parihar N, Grigoropoulos CP, Shafer P, Fay P, Ramesh R, Mahapatra S, Ciston J, Datta S, Mohamed M, Hu C, Salahuddin S. Ultrathin ferroic HfO 2-ZrO 2 superlattice gate stack for advanced transistors. Nature 2022; 604:65-71. [PMID: 35388197 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the scaling of lateral dimensions in advanced transistors, an increased gate capacitance is desirable both to retain the control of the gate electrode over the channel and to reduce the operating voltage1. This led to a fundamental change in the gate stack in 2008, the incorporation of high-dielectric-constant HfO2 (ref. 2), which remains the material of choice to date. Here we report HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice heterostructures as a gate stack, stabilized with mixed ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order, directly integrated onto Si transistors, and scaled down to approximately 20 ångströms, the same gate oxide thickness required for high-performance transistors. The overall equivalent oxide thickness in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors is equivalent to an effective SiO2 thickness of approximately 6.5 ångströms. Such a low effective oxide thickness and the resulting large capacitance cannot be achieved in conventional HfO2-based high-dielectric-constant gate stacks without scavenging the interfacial SiO2, which has adverse effects on the electron transport and gate leakage current3. Accordingly, our gate stacks, which do not require such scavenging, provide substantially lower leakage current and no mobility degradation. This work demonstrates that ultrathin ferroic HfO2-ZrO2 multilayers, stabilized with competing ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order in the two-nanometre-thickness regime, provide a path towards advanced gate oxide stacks in electronic devices beyond conventional HfO2-based high-dielectric-constant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj S Cheema
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Nirmaan Shanker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Li-Chen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Lin Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hung Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew San Jose
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jorge Gomez
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Wriddhi Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Wenshen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Bae
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steve K Volkman
- Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daewoong Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yoonsoo Rho
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gianni Pinelli
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Rastogi
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Dominick Pipitone
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Corey Stull
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Cook
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Brian Tyrrell
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dong Ik Suh
- Research & Development Division, SK hynix, Icheon, Korea
| | - Won-Tae Koo
- Research & Development Division, SK hynix, Icheon, Korea
| | - Kab-Jin Nam
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Jung
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Woo-Bin Song
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chung-Hsun Lin
- Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Seunggeol Nam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jinseong Heo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Korea
| | - Narendra Parihar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Fay
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Souvik Mahapatra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suman Datta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Chenming Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sayeef Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Dai C, Stoica VA, Das S, Hong Z, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Freeland JW, Wen H, Gopalan V, Chen LQ. Tunable Nanoscale Evolution and Topological Phase Transitions of a Polar Vortex Supercrystal. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2106401. [PMID: 34958699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the phase transitions and domain evolutions of mesoscale topological structures in ferroic materials is critical to realizing their potential applications in next-generation high-performance storage devices. Here, the behaviors of a mesoscale supercrystal are studied with 3D nanoscale periodicity and rotational topology phases in a PbTiO3 /SrTiO3 (PTO/STO) superlattice under thermal and electrical stimuli using a combination of phase-field simulations and X-ray diffraction experiments. A phase diagram of temperature versus polar state is constructed, showing the formation of the supercrystal from a mixed vortex and a-twin state and a temperature-dependent erasing process of a supercrystal returning to a classical a-twin structure. Under an in-plane electric field bias at room temperature, the vortex topology of the supercrystal irreversibly transforms to a new type of stripe-like supercrystal. Under an out-of-plane electric field, the vortices inside the supercrystal undergo a topological phase transition to polar skyrmions. These results demonstrate the potential for the on-demand manipulation of polar topology and transformations in supercrystals using electric fields. The findings provide a theoretical understanding that may be utilized to guide the design and control of mesoscale polar structures and to explore novel polar structures in other systems and their topological nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vladimir Alexandru Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sujit Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zijian Hong
- Lab of Dielectric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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13
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Liu X, Fang S, Fu Y, Ge W, Kareev M, Kim JW, Choi Y, Karapetrova E, Zhang Q, Gu L, Choi ES, Wen F, Wilson JH, Fabbris G, Ryan PJ, Freeland JW, Haskel D, Wu W, Pixley JH, Chakhalian J. Magnetic Weyl Semimetallic Phase in Thin Films of Eu_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:277204. [PMID: 35061435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.277204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between electronic interactions and strong spin-orbit coupling is expected to create a plethora of fascinating correlated topological states of quantum matter. Of particular interest are magnetic Weyl semimetals originally proposed in the pyrochlore iridates, which are only expected to reveal their topological nature in thin film form. To date, however, direct experimental demonstrations of these exotic phases remain elusive, due to the lack of usable single crystals and the insufficient quality of available films. Here, we report on the discovery of signatures for the long-sought magnetic Weyl semimetallic phase in (111)-oriented Eu_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7} high-quality epitaxial thin films. We observed an intrinsic anomalous Hall effect with colossal coercivity but vanishing net magnetization, which emerges right below the onset of a peculiar magnetic phase with all-in-all-out (AIAO) antiferromagnetic ordering. The anomalous Hall conductivity obtained experimentally is consistent with the theoretical prediction, likely arising from the nonzero Berry curvature emanated by Weyl node pairs near the Fermi level that act as sources and sinks of Berry flux, activated by broken cubic crystal symmetry at the top and bottom terminations of the thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10019, P. R. China
| | - Shiang Fang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yixing Fu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Wenbo Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Mikhail Kareev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yongseong Choi
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Evguenia Karapetrova
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10019, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10019, P. R. China
| | - Eun-Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Fangdi Wen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Justin H Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Gilberto Fabbris
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Philip J Ryan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Haskel
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - J H Pixley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jak Chakhalian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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14
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang M, Wang J, Li H, Xi S, Wei C, Xi P, Sterbinsky GE, Freeland JW, Fisher AC, Ager JW, Feng Z, Xu ZJ. Lattice site-dependent metal leaching in perovskites toward a honeycomb-like water oxidation catalyst. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabk1788. [PMID: 34890227 PMCID: PMC8664262 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal leaching during water oxidation has been typically observed in conjunction with surface reconstruction on perovskite oxide catalysts, but the role of metal leaching at each geometric site has not been distinguished. Here, we manipulate the occurrence and process of surface reconstruction in two model ABO3 perovskites, i.e., SrSc0.5Ir0.5O3 and SrCo0.5Ir0.5O3, which allow us to evaluate the structure and activity evolution step by step. The occurrence and order of leaching of Sr (A-site) and Sc/Co (B-site) were controlled by tailoring the thermodynamic stability of B-site. Sr leaching from A-site mainly generates more electrochemical surface area for the reaction, and additional leaching of Sc/Co from B-site triggers the formation of a honeycomb-like IrOxHy phase with a notable increase in intrinsic activity. A thorough surface reconstruction with dual-site metal leaching induces an activity improvement by approximately two orders of magnitude, which makes the reconstructed SrCo0.5Ir0.5O3 among the best for water oxidation in acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yuanmiao Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jingxian Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, 627833, Singapore
| | - Chao Wei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pinxian Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - George E. Sterbinsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - John W. Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Adrian C. Fisher
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Joel W. Ager
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Educational Alliance for Research in Singapore Ltd., 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Zhichuan J. Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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15
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Uzundal CB, Jamnuch S, Berger E, Woodahl C, Manset P, Hirata Y, Sumi T, Amado A, Akai H, Kubota Y, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Freeland JW, Schwartz CP, Drisdell WS, Matsuda I, Pascal TA, Zong A, Zuerch M. Polarization-Resolved Extreme-Ultraviolet Second-Harmonic Generation from LiNbO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:237402. [PMID: 34936786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy ubiquitously enables the investigation of surface chemistry, interfacial chemistry, as well as symmetry properties in solids. Polarization-resolved SHG spectroscopy in the visible to infrared regime is regularly used to investigate electronic and magnetic order through their angular anisotropies within the crystal structure. However, the increasing complexity of novel materials and emerging phenomena hampers the interpretation of experiments solely based on the investigation of hybridized valence states. Here, polarization-resolved SHG in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV-SHG) is demonstrated for the first time, enabling element-resolved angular anisotropy investigations. In noncentrosymmetric LiNbO_{3}, elemental contributions by lithium and niobium are clearly distinguished by energy dependent XUV-SHG measurements. This element-resolved and symmetry-sensitive experiment suggests that the displacement of Li ions in LiNbO_{3}, which is known to lead to ferroelectricity, is accompanied by distortions to the Nb ion environment that breaks the inversion symmetry of the NbO_{6} octahedron as well. Our simulations show that the measured second harmonic spectrum is consistent with Li ion displacements from the centrosymmetric position while the Nb─O bonds are elongated and contracted by displacements of the O atoms. In addition, the polarization-resolved measurement of XUV-SHG shows excellent agreement with numerical predictions based on dipole-induced SHG commonly used in the optical wavelengths. Our result constitutes the first verification of the dipole-based SHG model in the XUV regime. The findings of this work pave the way for future angle and time-resolved XUV-SHG studies with elemental specificity in condensed matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can B Uzundal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sasawat Jamnuch
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92023, USA
| | - Emma Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Clarisse Woodahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Paul Manset
- Ecole Normale Superieure de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yasuyuki Hirata
- National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Toshihide Sumi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Angelique Amado
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hisazumi Akai
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yuya Kubota
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Craig P Schwartz
- Nevada Extreme Conditions Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Walter S Drisdell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tod A Pascal
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92023, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92023, USA
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92023, USA
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Michael Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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16
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Abstract
ConspectusThe redox reaction pathway is crucial to the sustainable production of the fuels and chemicals required for a carbon-neutral society. Our society is becoming increasingly dependent on devices using batteries and electrolyzers, all of which rely on a series of redox reactions. The overall properties of oxide materials make them very well suited for such electrochemical and catalytic applications due to their associated cationic redox properties and the static site-adsorbate interactions. As these technologies have matured, it has become apparent that defect-driven redox reactions, defect-coupled diffusion, and structural transformations that are both time- and rate-dependent are also critical materials processes. This change in focus, considering not only redox properties but also more complex, dynamic behaviors, represents a new research frontier in the molecular sciences as they are strongly linked to device operation and degradation and lie at the heart of various phenomena that take place at electrochemical interfaces. Fundamental studies of the structural, electronic, and chemical transformation mechanisms are key to the advancement of materials and technological innovations that could be implemented in various electrochemical systems.In this Account, we focus on recent studies and advances in characterizing and understanding the dynamic redox evolution and structural transformations that take place in model perovskites and layered oxides under reactive conditions and correlate them with degradation mechanisms and operations in electrolyzers and batteries. We show that the dynamic evolution of oxygen vacancies and cationic migration in the surface or bulk occurs at the solid-liquid interface, using a combination of different synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies and scattering probes. Detailed redox-structure-reactivity correlation studies show how defects and diffusion processes can be tailored to drive various physical and chemical transformations in electrolyzers and batteries. We also highlight a strong correlation between oxygen redox reactivity and structural reorganization in both model thin films and particles, helping to bridge the gap between fundamental studies of the reaction mechanism and device applications. On the basis of these findings, we discuss strategies to probe and tune the redox reactivity and structural stability of the redox-active oxide interphase toward devising efficient pathways for energy and chemical harvesting.
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17
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Berger E, Jamnuch S, Uzundal CB, Woodahl C, Padmanabhan H, Amado A, Manset P, Hirata Y, Kubota Y, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Wang C, Shi Y, Gopalan V, Schwartz CP, Drisdell WS, Matsuda I, Freeland JW, Pascal TA, Zuerch M. Extreme Ultraviolet Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy in a Polar Metal. Nano Lett 2021; 21:6095-6101. [PMID: 34264679 PMCID: PMC8323121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of ferroelectricity and metallicity seems paradoxical, since the itinerant electrons in metals should screen the long-range dipole interactions necessary for dipole ordering. The recent discovery of the polar metal LiOsO3 was therefore surprising [as discussed earlier in Y. Shi et al., Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 1024]. It is thought that the coordination preferences of the Li play a key role in stabilizing the LiOsO3 polar metal phase, but an investigation from the combined viewpoints of core-state specificity and symmetry has yet to be done. Here, we apply the novel technique of extreme ultraviolet second harmonic generation (XUV-SHG) and find a sensitivity to the broken inversion symmetry in the polar metal phase of LiOsO3 with an enhanced feature above the Li K-edge that reflects the degree of Li atom displacement as corroborated by density functional theory calculations. These results pave the way for time-resolved probing of symmetry-breaking structural phase transitions on femtosecond time scales with element specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Berger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sasawat Jamnuch
- ATLAS
Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical
Engineering, University of California−San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
| | - Can B. Uzundal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clarisse Woodahl
- University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hari Padmanabhan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Angelique Amado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul Manset
- Ecole Normale
Supérieure - PSL, Paris, France
| | - Yasuyuki Hirata
- National
Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Yuya Kubota
- RIKEN
SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN
SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- RIKEN
SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN
SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Cuixiang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Craig P. Schwartz
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Walter S. Drisdell
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University
of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Trans-scale
Quantum Science Institute, The University
of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - John W. Freeland
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tod A. Pascal
- ATLAS
Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical
Engineering, University of California−San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of California−San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
- Sustainable
Power and Energy Center, University of California−San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
| | - Michael Zuerch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Friedrich
Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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18
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Das S, Hong Z, Stoica VA, Gonçalves MAP, Shao YT, Parsonnet E, Marksz EJ, Saremi S, McCarter MR, Reynoso A, Long CJ, Hagerstrom AM, Meyers D, Ravi V, Prasad B, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wen H, Gómez-Ortiz F, García-Fernández P, Bokor J, Íñiguez J, Freeland JW, Orloff ND, Junquera J, Chen LQ, Salahuddin S, Muller DA, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Author Correction: Local negative permittivity and topological phase transition in polar skyrmions. Nat Mater 2021; 20:905. [PMID: 33627832 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M A P Gonçalves
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Y T Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E J Marksz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Reynoso
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C J Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A M Hagerstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - V Ravi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - H Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - F Gómez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - P García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - J Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - N D Orloff
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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19
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Nickel R, Chi CC, Ranjan A, Ouyang C, Freeland JW, van Lierop J. Reverse-Engineering Strain in Nanocrystallites by Tracking Trimerons. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007413. [PMID: 33710686 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although strain underpins the behavior of many transition-oxide-based magnetic nanomaterials, it is elusive to quantify. Since the formation of orbital molecules is sensitive to strain, a metal-insulator transition should be a window into nanocrystallite strain. Using three sizes of differently strained Fe3 O4 polycrystalline nanorods, the impact of strain on the Verwey transition and the associated formation and dissolution processes of quasiparticle trimerons is tracked. In 40 and 50 nm long nanorods, increasing isotropic strain results in Verwey transitions going from TV ≈ 60 K to 20 K. By contrast, 700 nm long nanorods with uniaxial strain along the (110) direction have TV ≈ 150 K-the highest value reported thus far. A metal-insulator transition, like TV in Fe3 O4 , can be used to determine the effective strain within nanocrystallites, thus providing new insights into nanoparticle properties and nanomagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Nickel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C-C Chi
- Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ashok Ranjan
- Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuenhou Ouyang
- Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Johan van Lierop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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20
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Liu X, Singh S, Drouin-Touchette V, Asaba T, Brewer J, Zhang Q, Cao Y, Pal B, Middey S, Kumar PSA, Kareev M, Gu L, Sarma DD, Shafer P, Arenholz E, Freeland JW, Li L, Vanderbilt D, Chakhalian J. Proximate Quantum Spin Liquid on Designer Lattice. Nano Lett 2021; 21:2010-2017. [PMID: 33617255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Complementary to bulk synthesis, here we propose a designer lattice with extremely high magnetic frustration and demonstrate the possible realization of a quantum spin liquid state from both experiments and theoretical calculations. In an ultrathin (111) CoCr2O4 slice composed of three triangular and one kagome cation planes, the absence of a spin ordering or freezing transition is demonstrated down to 0.03 K, in the presence of strong antiferromagnetic correlations in the energy scale of 30 K between Co and Cr sublattices, leading to the frustration factor of ∼1000. Persisting spin fluctuations are observed at low temperatures via low-energy muon spin relaxation. Our calculations further demonstrate the emergence of highly degenerate magnetic ground states at the 0 K limit, due to the competition among multiply altered exchange interactions. These results collectively indicate the realization of a proximate quantum spin liquid state on the synthetic lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Sobhit Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Victor Drouin-Touchette
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tomoya Asaba
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jess Brewer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Banabir Pal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Srimanta Middey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - P S Anil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Mikhail Kareev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - D D Sarma
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jak Chakhalian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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21
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Lin JQ, Villar Arribi P, Fabbris G, Botana AS, Meyers D, Miao H, Shen Y, Mazzone DG, Feng J, Chiuzbăian SG, Nag A, Walters AC, García-Fernández M, Zhou KJ, Pelliciari J, Jarrige I, Freeland JW, Zhang J, Mitchell JF, Bisogni V, Liu X, Norman MR, Dean MPM. Strong Superexchange in a d^{9-δ} Nickelate Revealed by Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:087001. [PMID: 33709756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.087001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of superconductivity in a d^{9-δ} nickelate has inspired disparate theoretical perspectives regarding the essential physics of this class of materials. A key issue is the magnitude of the magnetic superexchange, which relates to whether cuprate-like high-temperature nickelate superconductivity could be realized. We address this question using Ni L-edge and O K-edge spectroscopy of the reduced d^{9-1/3} trilayer nickelates R_{4}Ni_{3}O_{8} (where R=La, Pr) and associated theoretical modeling. A magnon energy scale of ∼80 meV resulting from a nearest-neighbor magnetic exchange of J=69(4) meV is observed, proving that d^{9-δ} nickelates can host a large superexchange. This value, along with that of the Ni-O hybridization estimated from our O K-edge data, implies that trilayer nickelates represent an intermediate case between the infinite-layer nickelates and the cuprates. Layered nickelates thus provide a route to testing the relevance of superexchange to nickelate superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Lin
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - P Villar Arribi
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Fabbris
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A S Botana
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - H Miao
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Y Shen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D G Mazzone
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Feng
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - S G Chiuzbăian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Nag
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - A C Walters
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M García-Fernández
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Ke-Jin Zhou
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J Pelliciari
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - I Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J F Mitchell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Bisogni
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - X Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - M R Norman
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M P M Dean
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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22
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Das S, Hong Z, Stoica VA, Gonçalves MAP, Shao YT, Parsonnet E, Marksz EJ, Saremi S, McCarter MR, Reynoso A, Long CJ, Hagerstrom AM, Meyers D, Ravi V, Prasad B, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wen H, Gómez-Ortiz F, García-Fernández P, Bokor J, Íñiguez J, Freeland JW, Orloff ND, Junquera J, Chen LQ, Salahuddin S, Muller DA, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Local negative permittivity and topological phase transition in polar skyrmions. Nat Mater 2021; 20:194-201. [PMID: 33046856 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Topological solitons such as magnetic skyrmions have drawn attention as stable quasi-particle-like objects. The recent discovery of polar vortices and skyrmions in ferroelectric oxide superlattices has opened up new vistas to explore topology, emergent phenomena and approaches for manipulating such features with electric fields. Using macroscopic dielectric measurements, coupled with direct scanning convergent beam electron diffraction imaging on the atomic scale, theoretical phase-field simulations and second-principles calculations, we demonstrate that polar skyrmions in (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n superlattices are distinguished by a sheath of negative permittivity at the periphery of each skyrmion. This enhances the effective dielectric permittivity compared with the individual SrTiO3 and PbTiO3 layers. Moreover, the response of these topologically protected structures to electric field and temperature shows a reversible phase transition from the skyrmion state to a trivial uniform ferroelectric state, accompanied by large tunability of the dielectric permittivity. Pulsed switching measurements show a time-dependent evolution and recovery of the skyrmion state (and macroscopic dielectric response). The interrelationship between topological and dielectric properties presents an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate both by a single, and easily controlled, stimulus, the applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M A P Gonçalves
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Y T Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E J Marksz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Saremi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Reynoso
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C J Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A M Hagerstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - V Ravi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Prasad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - H Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - F Gómez-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - P García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - J Bokor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxemburg
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - N D Orloff
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Santander, Spain
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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23
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Wan G, Freeland JW, Kloppenburg J, Petretto G, Nelson JN, Kuo DY, Sun CJ, Wen J, Diulus JT, Herman GS, Dong Y, Kou R, Sun J, Chen S, Shen KM, Schlom DG, Rignanese GM, Hautier G, Fong DD, Feng Z, Zhou H, Suntivich J. Amorphization mechanism of SrIrO 3 electrocatalyst: How oxygen redox initiates ionic diffusion and structural reorganization. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabc7323. [PMID: 33523986 PMCID: PMC7793586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of renewable electricity to prepare materials and fuels from abundant molecules offers a tantalizing opportunity to address concerns over energy and materials sustainability. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is integral to nearly all material and fuel electrosyntheses. However, very little is known about the structural evolution of the OER electrocatalyst, especially the amorphous layer that forms from the crystalline structure. Here, we investigate the interfacial transformation of the SrIrO3 OER electrocatalyst. The SrIrO3 amorphization is initiated by the lattice oxygen redox, a step that allows Sr2+ to diffuse and O2- to reorganize the SrIrO3 structure. This activation turns SrIrO3 into a highly disordered Ir octahedral network with Ir square-planar motif. The final Sr y IrO x exhibits a greater degree of disorder than IrO x made from other processing methods. Our results demonstrate that the structural reorganization facilitated by coupled ionic diffusions is essential to the disordered structure of the SrIrO3 electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jan Kloppenburg
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guido Petretto
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jocienne N Nelson
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ding-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - J Trey Diulus
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gregory S Herman
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ronghui Kou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jingying Sun
- Department of Physics and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kyle M Shen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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24
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Wang L, Yang Z, Bowden ME, Freeland JW, Sushko PV, Spurgeon SR, Matthews B, Samarakoon WS, Zhou H, Feng Z, Engelhard MH, Du Y, Chambers SA. Hole-Trapping-Induced Stabilization of Ni 4 + in SrNiO 3 /LaFeO 3 Superlattices. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2005003. [PMID: 33006412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Creating new functionality in materials containing transition metals is predicated on the ability to control the associated charge states. For a given transition metal, there is an upper limit on valence that is not exceeded under normal conditions. Here, it is demonstrated that this limit of 3+ for Ni and Fe can be exceeded via synthesis of (SrNiO3 )m /(LaFeO3 )n superlattices by tuning n and m. The Goldschmidt tolerance constraints are lifted, and SrNi4+ O3 with holes on adjacent O anions is stabilized as a perovskite at the single-unit-cell level (m = 1). Holding m = 1, spectroscopy reveals that the n = 1 superlattice contains Ni3+ and Fe4+ , whereas Ni4+ and Fe3+ are observed in the n = 5 superlattice. It is revealed that the B-site cation valences can be tuned by controlling the magnitude of the FeO6 octahedral rotations, which, in turn, determine the energy balance between Ni3+ /Fe4+ and Ni4+ /Fe3+ , thus controlling emergent electrical properties such as the band alignment and resulting hole confinement. This approach can be extended to other systems for synthesizing novel, metastable layered structures with new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Peter V Sushko
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Steven R Spurgeon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bethany Matthews
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Widitha S Samarakoon
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environment Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environment Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yingge Du
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Scott A Chambers
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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25
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Zhang W, Mazza AR, Skoropata E, Mukherjee D, Musico B, Zhang J, Keppens VM, Zhang L, Kisslinger K, Stavitski E, Brahlek M, Freeland JW, Lu P, Ward TZ. Applying Configurational Complexity to the 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Crystal Structure. ACS Nano 2020; 14:13030-13037. [PMID: 32931257 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The layered Ruddlesden-Popper crystal structure can host a broad range of functionally important behaviors. Here we establish extraordinary configurational disorder in a layered Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) structure using entropy stabilization assisted synthesis. A protype A2CuO4 RP cuprate oxide with five cations on the A-site sublattice is designed and fabricated into epitaxial single crystal films using pulsed laser deposition. When grown on a near lattice matched substrate, the (La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)2CuO4 film features a T'-type RP structure with uniform A-site cation mixing and square-planar CuO4 units. These observations are made with a range of combined characterizations using X-ray diffraction, atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. It is further found that heteroepitaxial strain plays an important role in crystal phase formation during synthesis. Compressive strain over ∼1.5% results in the formation of a non-RP cubic phase consistent with a CuX2O4 spinel structure. The ability to manipulate configurational complexity and move between 2D layered RP and 3D cubic crystal structures in cuprate and related materials promises to enable flexible design strategies for a range of functionalities, such as magnetoresistance, unconventional superconductivity, ferroelectricity, catalysis, and ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alessandro R Mazza
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Elizabeth Skoropata
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Debangshu Mukherjee
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Brianna Musico
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Veerle M Keppens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Thomas Z Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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26
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Johnson ID, Nolis G, McColl K, Wu YA, Thornton D, Hu L, Yoo HD, Freeland JW, Corà F, Cockcroft JK, Parkin IP, Klie RF, Cabana J, Darr JA. Probing Mg Intercalation in the Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Framework V 4Nb 18O 55. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9783-9797. [PMID: 32633981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While commercial Li-ion batteries offer the highest energy densities of current rechargeable battery technologies, their energy storage limit has almost been achieved. Therefore, there is considerable interest in Mg batteries, which could offer increased energy densities in comparison to Li-ion batteries if a high-voltage electrode material, such as a transition-metal oxide, can be developed. However, there are currently very few oxide materials which have demonstrated reversible and efficient Mg2+ insertion and extraction at high voltages; this is thought to be due to poor Mg2+ diffusion kinetics within the oxide structural framework. Herein, the authors provide conclusive evidence of electrochemical insertion of Mg2+ into the tetragonal tungsten bronze V4Nb18O55, with a maximum reversible electrochemical capacity of 75 mA h g-1, which corresponds to a magnesiated composition of Mg4V4Nb18O55. Experimental electrochemical magnesiation/demagnesiation revealed a large voltage hysteresis with charge/discharge (1.12 V vs Mg/Mg2+); when magnesiation is limited to a composition of Mg2V4Nb18O55, this hysteresis can be reduced to only 0.5 V. Hybrid-exchange density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that a limited number of Mg sites are accessible via low-energy diffusion pathways, but that larger kinetic barriers need to be overcome to access the entire structure. The reversible Mg2+ intercalation involved concurrent V and Nb redox activity and changes in crystal structure, as confirmed by an array of complementary methods, including powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Consequently, it can be concluded that the tetragonal tungsten bronzes show promise as intercalation electrode materials for Mg batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Gene Nolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kit McColl
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Yimin A Wu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daisy Thornton
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Linhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hyun Deog Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Furio Corà
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Jeremy K Cockcroft
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jawwad A Darr
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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27
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Skoropata E, Nichols J, Ok JM, Chopdekar RV, Choi ES, Rastogi A, Sohn C, Gao X, Yoon S, Farmer T, Desautels RD, Choi Y, Haskel D, Freeland JW, Okamoto S, Brahlek M, Lee HN. Interfacial tuning of chiral magnetic interactions for large topological Hall effects in LaMnO 3/SrIrO 3 heterostructures. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz3902. [PMID: 32923583 PMCID: PMC7455502 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chiral interactions in magnetic systems can give rise to rich physics manifested, for example, as nontrivial spin textures. The foremost interaction responsible for chiral magnetism is the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), resulting from inversion symmetry breaking in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling. However, the atomistic origin of DMIs and their relationship to emergent electrodynamic phenomena, such as topological Hall effect (THE), remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of interfacial DMIs in 3d-5d transition metal-oxide-based LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattices on THE from a chiral spin texture. By additively engineering the interfacial inversion symmetry with atomic-scale precision, we directly link the competition between interfacial collinear ferromagnetic interactions and DMIs to an enhanced THE. The ability to control the DMI and resulting THE points to a pathway for harnessing interfacial structures to maximize the density of chiral spin textures useful for developing high-density information storage and quantum magnets for quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Skoropata
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - John Nichols
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jong Mok Ok
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Rajesh V. Chopdekar
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eun Sang Choi
- National High Field Magnet Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Changhee Sohn
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Sangmoon Yoon
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Thomas Farmer
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ryan D. Desautels
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yongseong Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Haskel
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Satoshi Okamoto
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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28
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Li H, Ramakrishnan S, Freeland JW, McCloskey BD, Cabana J. Definition of Redox Centers in Reactions of Lithium Intercalation in Li3RuO4 Polymorphs. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8160-8173. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Srinivasan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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29
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Liu X, Singh S, Kirby BJ, Zhong Z, Cao Y, Pal B, Kareev M, Middey S, Freeland JW, Shafer P, Arenholz E, Vanderbilt D, Chakhalian J. Emergent Magnetic State in (111)-Oriented Quasi-Two-Dimensional Spinel Oxides. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8381-8387. [PMID: 31665887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the emergent magnetic state of (111)-oriented CoCr2O4 ultrathin films sandwiched between Al2O3 spacer layers in a quantum confined geometry. At the two-dimensional crossover, polarized neutron reflectometry reveals an anomalous enhancement of the total magnetization compared to the bulk value. Synchrotron X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements demonstrate the appearance of a long-range ferromagnetic ordering of spins on both Co and Cr sublattices. Brillouin function analyses and ab-initio density functional theory calculations further corroborate that the observed phenomena are due to the strongly altered magnetic frustration invoked by quantum confinement effects, manifested by the onset of a Yafet-Kittel-type ordering as the magnetic ground state in the ultrathin limit, which is unattainable in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Sobhit Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Brian J Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315201 , China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315201 , China
| | - Banabir Pal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Mikhail Kareev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Srimanta Middey
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560012 , India
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Jak Chakhalian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
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30
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Lee S, Lee AT, Georgescu AB, Fabbris G, Han MG, Zhu Y, Freeland JW, Disa AS, Jia Y, Dean MPM, Walker FJ, Ismail-Beigi S, Ahn CH. Strong Orbital Polarization in a Cobaltate-Titanate Oxide Heterostructure. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:117201. [PMID: 31573260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Through a combination of experimental measurements and theoretical modeling, we describe a strongly orbital-polarized insulating ground state in an (LaTiO_{3})_{2}/(LaCoO_{3})_{2} oxide heterostructure. X-ray absorption spectra and ab initio calculations show that an electron is transferred from the titanate to the cobaltate layers. The charge transfer, accompanied by a large octahedral distortion, induces a substantial orbital polarization in the cobaltate layer of a size unattainable via epitaxial strain alone. The asymmetry between in-plane and out-of-plane orbital occupancies in the high-spin cobaltate layer is predicted by theory and observed through x-ray linear dichroism experiments. Manipulating orbital configurations using interfacial coupling within heterostructures promises exciting ground-state engineering for realizing new emergent electronic phases in metal oxide superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjae Lee
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Alex Taekyung Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Alexandru B Georgescu
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Gilberto Fabbris
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ankit S Disa
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Yichen Jia
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Mark P M Dean
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Frederick J Walker
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Sohrab Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Charles H Ahn
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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31
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Stoica VA, Laanait N, Dai C, Hong Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Lei S, McCarter MR, Yadav A, Damodaran AR, Das S, Stone GA, Karapetrova J, Walko DA, Zhang X, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V, Freeland JW. Optical creation of a supercrystal with three-dimensional nanoscale periodicity. Nat Mater 2019; 18:377-383. [PMID: 30886403 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation with ultrafast light pulses can realize and manipulate states of matter with emergent structural, electronic and magnetic phenomena. However, these non-equilibrium phases are often transient and the challenge is to stabilize them as persistent states. Here, we show that atomic-scale PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, counterpoising strain and polarization states in alternate layers, are converted by sub-picosecond optical pulses to a supercrystal phase. This phase persists indefinitely under ambient conditions, has not been created via equilibrium routes, and can be erased by heating. X-ray scattering and microscopy show this unusual phase consists of a coherent three-dimensional structure with polar, strain and charge-ordering periodicities of up to 30 nm. By adjusting only dielectric properties, the phase-field model describes this emergent phase as a photo-induced charge-stabilized supercrystal formed from a two-phase equilibrium state. Our results demonstrate opportunities for light-activated pathways to thermally inaccessible and emergent metastable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - N Laanait
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - C Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - S Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M R McCarter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G A Stone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J Karapetrova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - L W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L-Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - V Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
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32
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Li L, Lee E, Freeland JW, Fister TT, Thackeray MM, Chan MKY. Identifying the Chemical Origin of Oxygen Redox Activity in Li-Rich Anti-Fluorite Lithium Iron Oxide by Experimental and Theoretical X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:806-812. [PMID: 30615467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing oxygen redox reactions is an intriguing route to increasing capacity in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite numerous experimental and theoretical attempts to unravel the mechanism of oxygen redox behavior, the electronic origin of oxygen activities in energy storage of Li-rich LIB materials remains under intense debate. In this work, the onset of oxygen activity was examined using a Li-rich material that has been reported to exhibit oxygen redox, namely, Li5FeO4. By comparing experimental measurements and first-principles Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations of oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), it was found that experimentally-observed changes in XAS originate from the nonbonding oxygen states in cation-disordered delithiated Li5FeO4, and the spectral features of oxygen dimers were also determined. This combined experimental and theoretical study offers an effective approach to disentangle the intertwined signals in XAS and can be further utilized in broader contexts for characterizing other energy storage and conversion materials.
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33
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Liao Z, Skoropata E, Freeland JW, Guo EJ, Desautels R, Gao X, Sohn C, Rastogi A, Ward TZ, Zou T, Charlton T, Fitzsimmons MR, Lee HN. Large orbital polarization in nickelate-cuprate heterostructures by dimensional control of oxygen coordination. Nat Commun 2019; 10:589. [PMID: 30718483 PMCID: PMC6362240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial heterostructures composed of dissimilar transition metal oxides provide unprecedented opportunities to create remarkable physical phenomena. Here, we report a means to deliberately control the orbital polarization in LaNiO3 (LNO) through interfacing with SrCuO2 (SCO), which has an infinite-layer structure for CuO2. Dimensional control of SCO results in a planar-type (P–SCO) to chain-type (C–SCO) structure transition depending on the SCO thickness. This transition is exploited to induce either a NiO5 pyramidal or a NiO6 octahedral structure at the SCO/LNO interface. Consequently, a large change in the Ni d orbital occupation up to ~30% is achieved in P–SCO/LNO superlattices, whereas the Ni eg orbital splitting is negligible in C–SCO/LNO superlattices. The engineered oxygen coordination triggers a metal-to-insulator transition in SCO/LNO superlattices. Our results demonstrate that interfacial oxygen coordination engineering provides an effective means to manipulate the orbital configuration and associated physical properties, paving a pathway towards the advancement of oxide electronics. In correlated materials, physical properties depend on orbital occupancy and polarization. Here, a way to control the oxygen coordination via dimensionality of superlattices is presented that results in the change of orbital occupancy by 30%, which is larger than what has been achieved by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Liao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Elizabeth Skoropata
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Ryan Desautels
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Xiang Gao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Changhee Sohn
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - T Zac Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Tao Zou
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Timothy Charlton
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Michael R Fitzsimmons
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States.
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34
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Hu L, Johnson ID, Kim S, Nolis GM, Freeland JW, Yoo HD, Fister TT, McCafferty L, Ashton TE, Darr JA, Cabana J. Tailoring the electrochemical activity of magnesium chromium oxide towards Mg batteries through control of size and crystal structure. Nanoscale 2019; 11:639-646. [PMID: 30564812 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromium oxides with the spinel structure have been predicted to be promising high voltage cathode materials in magnesium batteries. Perennial challenges involving the mobility of Mg2+ and reaction kinetics can be circumvented by nano-sizing the materials in order to reduce diffusion distances, and by using elevated temperatures to overcome activation energy barriers. Herein, ordered 7 nm crystals of spinel-type MgCr2O4 were synthesized by a conventional batch hydrothermal method. In comparison, the relatively underexplored Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis (CHFS) method was used to make highly defective sub-5 nm MgCr2O4 crystals. When these materials were made into electrodes, they were shown to possess markedly different electrochemical behavior in a Mg2+ ionic liquid electrolyte, at moderate temperature (110 °C). The anodic activity of the ordered nanocrystals was attributed to surface reactions, most likely involving the electrolyte. In contrast, evidence was gathered regarding the reversible bulk deintercalation of Mg2+ from the nanocrystals made by CHFS. This work highlights the impact on electrochemical behavior of a precise control of size and crystal structure of MgCr2O4. It advances the understanding and design of new cathode materials for Mg-based batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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35
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Plews MR, Yi T, Lee J, Chan E, Freeland JW, Nordlund D, Cabana J. Synthesis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of potassium transition metal fluoride nanocrystals. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals of KMF3 (M = Mn–Ni) and K3MF6 (M = V, Fe) were synthesized via non-aqueous routes based on colloidal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Plews
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Tanghong Yi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - John Lee
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Berkeley
| | - Emory Chan
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Berkeley
| | | | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- Menlo Park
- USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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36
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Brahlek M, Stoica VA, Lapano J, Zhang L, Akamatsu H, Tung IC, Gopalan V, Walko DA, Wen H, Freeland JW, Engel-Herbert R. Structural dynamics of LaVO 3 on the nanosecond time scale. Struct Dyn 2019; 6:014502. [PMID: 30868087 PMCID: PMC6404919 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strong dependence of electronic properties on the local bonding environment, a full characterization of the structural dynamics in ultrafast experiments is critical. Here, we report the dynamics and structural refinement at nanosecond time scales of a perovskite thin film by combining optical excitation with time-resolved X-ray diffraction. This is achieved by monitoring the temporal response of both integer and half-integer diffraction peaks of LaVO3 in response to an above-band-gap 800 nm pump pulse. We find that the lattice expands by 0.1% out of plane, and the relaxation is characterized by a biexponential decay with 2 and 12 ns time scales. We analyze the relative intensity change in half-integer peaks and show that the distortions to the substructure are small: the oxygen octahedral rotation angles decrease by ∼0.3° and La displacements decrease by ∼0.2 pm, which directly corresponds to an ∼0.8° increase in the V-O-V bond-angles, an in-plane V-O bond length reduction of ∼0.3 pm, and an unchanged out-of-plane bond length. This demonstration of tracking the atomic positions in a pump-probe experiment provides experimentally accessible values for structural and electronic tunability in this class of materials and will stimulate future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brahlek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16801, USA
| | | | - Jason Lapano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16801, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16801, USA
| | - Hirofumi Akamatsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16801, USA
| | - I-Cheng Tung
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
USA
| | | | - Donald A. Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
USA
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
USA
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37
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Sohn C, Skoropata E, Choi Y, Gao X, Rastogi A, Huon A, McGuire MA, Nuckols L, Zhang Y, Freeland JW, Haskel D, Lee HN. Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Insulating State in Cation-Ordered Double-Perovskite Sr 2 Fe 1+ x Re 1- x O 6 Films. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1805389. [PMID: 30489665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic insulators (FMIs) are one of the most important components in developing dissipationless electronic and spintronic devices. However, FMIs are innately rare to find in nature as ferromagnetism generally accompanies metallicity. Here, novel room-temperature FMI films that are epitaxially synthesized by deliberate control of the ratio between two B-site cations in the double perovskite Sr2 Fe1+ x Re1- x O6 (-0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) are reported. In contrast to the known FM metallic phase in stoichiometric Sr2 FeReO6 , an FMI state with a high Curie temperature (Tc ≈ 400 K) and a large saturation magnetization (MS ≈ 1.8 µB f.u.-1 ) is found in highly cation-ordered Fe-rich phases. The stabilization of the FMI state is attributed to the formation of extra Fe3+ Fe3+ and Fe3+ Re6+ bonding states, which originate from the relatively excess Fe ions owing to the deficiency in Re ions. The emerging FMI state created by controlling cations in the oxide double perovskites opens the door to developing novel oxide quantum materials and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Sohn
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Elizabeth Skoropata
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yongseong Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Amanda Huon
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael A McGuire
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lauren Nuckols
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Haskel
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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38
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Grimaud A, Iadecola A, Batuk D, Saubanère M, Abakumov AM, Freeland JW, Cabana J, Li H, Doublet ML, Rousse G, Tarascon JM. Chemical Activity of the Peroxide/Oxide Redox Couple: Case Study of Ba 5Ru 2O 11 in Aqueous and Organic Solvents. Chem Mater 2018; 30:3882-3893. [PMID: 30057438 PMCID: PMC6057743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The finding that triggering the redox activity of oxygen ions within the lattice of transition metal oxides can boost the performances of materials used in energy storage and conversion devices such as Li-ion batteries or oxygen evolution electrocatalysts has recently spurred intensive and innovative research in the field of energy. While experimental and theoretical efforts have been critical in understanding the role of oxygen nonbonding states in the redox activity of oxygen ions, a clear picture of the redox chemistry of the oxygen species formed upon this oxidation process is still missing. This can be, in part, explained by the complexity in stabilizing and studying these species once electrochemically formed. In this work, we alleviate this difficulty by studying the phase Ba5Ru2O11, which contains peroxide O22- groups, as oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst and Li-ion battery material. Combining physical characterization and electrochemical measurements, we demonstrate that peroxide groups can easily be oxidized at relatively low potential, leading to the formation of gaseous dioxygen and to the instability of the oxide. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, owing to the stabilization at high energy of peroxide, the high-lying energy of the empty σ* antibonding O-O states limits the reversibility of the electrochemical reactions when the O22-/O2- redox couple is used as redox center for Li-ion battery materials or as OER redox active sites. Overall, this work suggests that the formation of true peroxide O22- states are detrimental for transition metal oxides used as OER catalysts and Li-ion battery materials. Rather, oxygen species with O-O bond order lower than 1 would be preferred for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Grimaud
- Chimie
du Solide et de l’Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR
3459,33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Antonella Iadecola
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR
3459,33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Dmitry Batuk
- Chimie
du Solide et de l’Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- EMAT,
University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Saubanère
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR
3459,33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, CNRS UMR 5253, Université
Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Artem M. Abakumov
- EMAT,
University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United
States
- Joint Center
for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United
States
| | - Marie-Liesse Doublet
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR
3459,33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, CNRS UMR 5253, Université
Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Rousse
- Chimie
du Solide et de l’Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR
3459,33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Sorbonne
Université - UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Tarascon
- Chimie
du Solide et de l’Energie, UMR 8260, Collège de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR
3459,33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
- Sorbonne
Université - UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
- ALISTORE-European
Research Institute, Amiens, France
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39
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Connell JG, Zhu Y, Zapol P, Tepavcevic S, Sharafi A, Sakamoto J, Curtiss LA, Fong DD, Freeland JW, Markovic NM. Crystal Orientation-Dependent Reactivity of Oxide Surfaces in Contact with Lithium Metal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:17471-17479. [PMID: 29708721 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ionic transport across interfaces between dissimilar materials and the intrinsic chemical stability of such interfaces is a fundamental challenge spanning many disciplines and is of particular importance for designing conductive and stable solid electrolytes for solid-state Li-ion batteries. In this work, we establish a surface science-based approach for assessing the intrinsic stability of oxide materials in contact with Li metal. Through a combination of experimental and computational insights, using Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb/STO) single crystals as a model system, we were able to understand the impact of crystallographic orientation and surface morphology on the extent of the chemical reactions that take place between surface Nb, Ti, and Sr upon reaction with Li. By expanding our approach to investigate the intrinsic stability of the technologically relevant, polycrystalline Nb-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Li6.5La3Zr1.5Nb0.5O12) system, we found that this material reacts with Li metal through the reduction of Nb, similar to that observed for Nb/STO. These results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to assess the intrinsic (in)stability of oxide materials for solid-state batteries and point to new strategies for understanding the performance of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Asma Sharafi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jeff Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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40
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Kwon BJ, Phillips PJ, Key B, Dogan F, Freeland JW, Kim C, Klie RF, Cabana J. Nanocrystal heterostructures of LiCoO 2 with conformal passivating shells. Nanoscale 2018; 10:6954-6961. [PMID: 29595859 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of electrode-electrolyte interfaces is required to increase the energy stored in battery electrodes. Introducing redox-inactive ions on the electrode surface minimizes deleterious side reactions without affecting the bulk properties. A synthetic challenge exists to grow such layers conformally at each primary particle, to fully passivate interfaces that are buried in the final electrode architecture. The development of methods of sequential colloidal growth of complex oxides and overlayers, enabled by surfactant interactions, would provide novel means to advance toward this goal. Here, nanocrystals composed of LiCoO2, a commercially relevant material for high energy devices, were grown with a shell enriched in Al3+, deposited conformally through a one-pot colloidal synthetic method. The effects of synthetic conditions on the composition of the Al-rich shell and the corresponding electrochemical performance were investigated. The modified nanocrystals showed enhanced electrochemical properties, while maintaining carrier transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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41
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Middey S, Meyers D, Kareev M, Cao Y, Liu X, Shafer P, Freeland JW, Kim JW, Ryan PJ, Chakhalian J. Disentangled Cooperative Orderings in Artificial Rare-Earth Nickelates. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:156801. [PMID: 29756872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coupled transitions between distinct ordered phases are important aspects behind the rich phase complexity of correlated oxides that hinder our understanding of the underlying phenomena. For this reason, fundamental control over complex transitions has become a leading motivation of the designer approach to materials. We have devised a series of new superlattices by combining a Mott insulator and a correlated metal to form ultrashort period superlattices, which allow one to disentangle the simultaneous orderings in RENiO_{3}. Tailoring an incommensurate heterostructure period relative to the bulk charge ordering pattern suppresses the charge order transition while preserving metal-insulator and antiferromagnetic transitions. Such selective decoupling of the entangled phases resolves the long-standing puzzle about the driving force behind the metal-insulator transition and points to the site-selective Mott transition as the operative mechanism. This designer approach emphasizes the potential of heterointerfaces for selective control of simultaneous transitions in complex materials with entwined broken symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Middey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - D Meyers
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Kareev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - P Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J-W Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P J Ryan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Chakhalian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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42
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Guo EJ, Liu Y, Sohn C, Desautels RD, Herklotz A, Liao Z, Nichols J, Freeland JW, Fitzsimmons MR, Lee HN. Oxygen Diode Formed in Nickelate Heterostructures by Chemical Potential Mismatch. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1705904. [PMID: 29512212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deliberate control of oxygen vacancy formation and migration in perovskite oxide thin films is important for developing novel electronic and iontronic devices. Here, it is found that the concentration of oxygen vacancies (VO ) formed in LaNiO3 (LNO) during pulsed laser deposition is strongly affected by the chemical potential mismatch between the LNO film and its proximal layers. Increasing the VO concentration in LNO significantly modifies the degree of orbital polarization and drives the metal-insulator transition. Changes in the nickel oxidization state and carrier concentration in the films are confirmed by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The ability to unidirectional-control the oxygen flow across the heterointerface, e.g., a so-called "oxygen diode", by exploiting chemical potential mismatch at interfaces provides a new avenue to tune the physical and electrochemical properties of complex oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Jia Guo
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yaohua Liu
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Changhee Sohn
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ryan D Desautels
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Andreas Herklotz
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zhaoliang Liao
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John Nichols
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael R Fitzsimmons
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division and Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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43
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Akamatsu H, Yuan Y, Stoica VA, Stone G, Yang T, Hong Z, Lei S, Zhu Y, Haislmaier RC, Freeland JW, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V. Light-Activated Gigahertz Ferroelectric Domain Dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:096101. [PMID: 29547337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using time- and spatially resolved hard x-ray diffraction microscopy, the striking structural and electrical dynamics upon optical excitation of a single crystal of BaTiO_{3} are simultaneously captured on subnanoseconds and nanoscale within individual ferroelectric domains and across walls. A large emergent photoinduced electric field of up to 20×10^{6} V/m is discovered in a surface layer of the crystal, which then drives polarization and lattice dynamics that are dramatically distinct in a surface layer versus bulk regions. A dynamical phase-field modeling method is developed that reveals the microscopic origin of these dynamics, leading to gigahertz polarization and elastic waves traveling in the crystal with sonic speeds and spatially varying frequencies. The advances in spatiotemporal imaging and dynamical modeling tools open up opportunities for disentangling ultrafast processes in complex mesoscale structures such as ferroelectric domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Akamatsu
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yakun Yuan
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Greg Stone
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Zijian Hong
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shiming Lei
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ryan C Haislmaier
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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44
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Desautels RD, Rowe MP, Freeland JW, Jones M, van Lierop J. Influence of vanadium-doping on the magnetism of FeCo/SiO2 nanoparticle. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:10127-30. [PMID: 27232274 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00991c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FeCo nanoparticles (4 ± 1 nm), encapsulated by SiO2, were synthesized with and without a 2% (atomic ratio) vanadium doping. The impact from the presence of vanadium, an additive often used in the bulk to alter both physical and mechanical properties, on the nanomagnetism was probed by element-specific X-ray spectroscopy and magnetometry techniques. While the nanostructure was unaffected by the addition of 2% vanadium, the temperature dependent magnetic properties were altered significantly, such as the increased coercivity and an exchange bias field shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Desautels
- Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2.
| | - Michael P Rowe
- Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Michael Jones
- Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Johan van Lierop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2.
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45
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Meyer TL, Jacobs R, Lee D, Jiang L, Freeland JW, Sohn C, Egami T, Morgan D, Lee HN. Strain control of oxygen kinetics in the Ruddlesden-Popper oxide La 1.85Sr 0.15CuO 4. Nat Commun 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29311690 PMCID: PMC5758782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen defect control has long been considered an important route to functionalizing complex oxide films. However, the nature of oxygen defects in thin films is often not investigated beyond basic redox chemistry. One of the model examples for oxygen-defect studies is the layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase La2-xSr x CuO4-δ (LSCO), in which the superconducting transition temperature is highly sensitive to epitaxial strain. However, previous observations of strain-superconductivity coupling in LSCO thin films were mainly understood in terms of elastic contributions to mechanical buckling, with minimal consideration of kinetic or thermodynamic factors. Here, we report that the oxygen nonstoichiometry commonly reported for strained cuprates is mediated by the strain-modified surface exchange kinetics, rather than reduced thermodynamic oxygen formation energies. Remarkably, tensile-strained LSCO shows nearly an order of magnitude faster oxygen exchange rate than a compressively strained film, providing a strategy for developing high-performance energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia L Meyer
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ryan Jacobs
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 60439, IL, USA
| | - Changhee Sohn
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Dane Morgan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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46
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Hamann-Borrero JE, Macke S, Gray B, Kareev M, Schierle E, Partzsch S, Zwiebler M, Treske U, Koitzsch A, Büchner B, Freeland JW, Chakhalian J, Geck J. Site-selective spectroscopy with depth resolution using resonant x-ray reflectometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13792. [PMID: 29061996 PMCID: PMC5653850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining dissimilar transition metal oxides (TMOs) into artificial heterostructures enables to create electronic interface systems with new electronic properties that do not exist in bulk. A detailed understanding of how such interfaces can be used to tailor physical properties requires characterization techniques capable to yield interface sensitive spectroscopic information with monolayer resolution. In this regard resonant x-ray reflectivity (RXR) provides a unique experimental tool to achieve exactly this. It yields the element specific electronic depth profiles in a non-destructive manner. Here, using a YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) thin film, we demonstrate that RXR is further capable to deliver site selectivity. By applying a new analysis scheme to RXR, which takes the atomic structure of the material into account, together with information of the local charge anisotropy of the resonant ions, we obtained spectroscopic information from the different Cu sites (e.g., chain and plane) throughout the film profile. While most of the film behaves bulk-like, we observe that the Cu-chains at the surface show characteristics of electron doping, whereas the Cu-planes closest to the surface exhibit an orbital reconstruction similar to that observed at La1−xCaxMnO3/YBCO interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hamann-Borrero
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Macke
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Gray
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 70701, USA
| | - M Kareev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - E Schierle
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Partzsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Zwiebler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Treske
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Koitzsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - J Chakhalian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - J Geck
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, TU Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany.
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47
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Zhang HT, Brahlek M, Ji X, Lei S, Lapano J, Freeland JW, Gopalan V, Engel-Herbert R. High-Quality LaVO 3 Films as Solar Energy Conversion Material. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:12556-12562. [PMID: 28323409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mott insulating oxides and their heterostructures have recently been identified as potential photovoltaic materials with favorable absorption properties and an intrinsic built-in electric field that can efficiently separate excited electron-hole pairs. At the same time, they are predicted to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit due to strong electron-electron interaction present. Despite these premises a high concentration of defects commonly observed in Mott insulating films acting as recombination centers can derogate the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. With use of the self-regulated growth kinetics in hybrid molecular beam epitaxy, this obstacle can be overcome. High-quality, stoichiometric LaVO3 films were grown with defect densities of in-gap states up to 2 orders of magnitude lower compared to the films in the literature, and a factor of 3 lower than LaVO3 bulk single crystals. Photoconductivity measurements revealed a significant photoresponsivity increase as high as tenfold of stoichiometric LaVO3 films compared to their nonstoichiometric counterparts. This work marks a critical step toward the realization of high-performance Mott insulator solar cells beyond conventional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tian Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shiming Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jason Lapano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Roman Engel-Herbert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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48
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Manna PK, Skoropata E, Ting YW, Lin KW, Freeland JW, van Lierop J. Interface mixing and its impact on exchange coupling in exchange biased systems. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:486004. [PMID: 27705957 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/48/486004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exchange bias and interlayer exchange coupling are interface driven phenomena. Since an ideal interface is very challenging to achieve, a clear understanding of the chemical and magnetic natures of interfaces is pivotal to identify their influence on the magnetism. We have chosen Ni80Fe20/CoO(t CoO)/Co trilayers as a model system, and identified non-stoichiometric Ni-ferrite and Co-ferrite at the surface and interface, respectively. These ferrites, being ferrimagnets typically, should influence the exchange coupling. However, in our trilayers the interface ferrites were found not to be ferro- or ferri-magnetic; thus having no observable influence on the exchange coupling. Our analysis also revealed that (i) interlayer exchange coupling was present between Ni80Fe20 and Co even though the interlayer thickness was significantly larger than expected for this phenomenon to happen, and (ii) the majority of the CoO layer (except some portion near the interface) did not contribute to the observed exchange bias. We also identified that the interlayer exchange coupling and the exchange bias properties were not interdependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Manna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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49
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Singh S, Freeland JW, Fitzsimmons MR, Jeen H, Biswas A. Composition dependence of charge and magnetic length scales in mixed valence manganite thin films. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29632. [PMID: 27461993 PMCID: PMC4995356 DOI: 10.1038/srep29632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-valence manganese oxides present striking properties like the colossal magnetoresistance, metal-insulator transition (MIT) that may result from coexistence of ferromagnetic, metallic and insulating phases. Percolation of such phase coexistence in the vicinity of MIT leads to first-order transition in these manganites. However the length scales over which the electronic and magnetic phases are separated across MIT which appears compelling for bulk systems has been elusive in (La1−yPry)1−xCaxMnO3 films. Here we show the in-plane length scale over which charge and magnetism are correlated in (La0.4Pr0.6)1−xCaxMnO3 films with x = 0.33 and 0.375, across the MIT temperature. We combine electrical transport (resistance) measurements, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and specular/off-specular x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) measurements as a function of temperature to elucidate relationships between electronic, magnetic and morphological structure of the thin films. Using off-specular XRMS we obtained the charge-charge and charge-magnetic correlation length of these LPCMO films across the MIT. We observed different charge-magnetic correlation length for two films which increases below the MIT. The different correlation length shown by two films may be responsible for different macroscopic (transport and magnetic) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 India
| | - J W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M R Fitzsimmons
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - H Jeen
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - A Biswas
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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50
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DiLullo A, Shirato N, Cummings M, Kersell H, Chang H, Rosenmann D, Miller D, Freeland JW, Hla SW, Rose V. Local X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study of Fe/Cu(111) using a tunneling smart tip. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:574-8. [PMID: 26917146 PMCID: PMC4768769 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515023383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Localized spectroscopy with simultaneous topographic, elemental and magnetic information is presented. A synchrotron X-ray scanning tunneling microscope has been employed for the local study of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L2,3-edges of a thin iron film grown on Cu(111). Polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectra have been obtained through a tunneling smart tip that serves as a photoelectron detector. In contrast to conventional spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray excitations provide magnetic contrast even with a non-magnetic tip. Intensity variations in the photoexcited tip current point to chemical variations within a single magnetic Fe domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew DiLullo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nozomi Shirato
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Marvin Cummings
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Heath Kersell
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Physics and Astronomy Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Physics and Astronomy Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Daniel Rosenmann
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Dean Miller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - John W. Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Saw-Wai Hla
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Physics and Astronomy Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Volker Rose
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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