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Pascual-Oliver A, Casas-Deza D, Yagüe-Caballero C, Arbones-Mainar JM, Bernal-Monterde V. Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Modification after Hepatitis C Virus Eradication. Pathogens 2024; 13:278. [PMID: 38668233 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has revolutionized the hepatology paradigm, halting the progression of advanced liver disease in patients with chronic infection and reducing the risk of hepatocarcinoma. In addition, treatment with direct-acting antivirals can reverse the lipid and carbohydrate abnormalities described in HCV patients. Although HCV eradication may reduce the overall risk of vascular events, it is uncertain whether altered lipid profiles increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease in certain patients. We have conducted a review on HCV and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as new scientific advances, following the advent of direct-acting antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pascual-Oliver
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Casas-Deza
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Yagüe-Caballero
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Lopez-Yus M, Hörndler C, Borlan S, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Unraveling Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets for Liver Fat Deposition. Cells 2024; 13:380. [PMID: 38474344 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), once considered a mere fat storage organ, is now recognized as a dynamic and complex entity crucial for regulating human physiology, including metabolic processes, energy balance, and immune responses. It comprises mainly two types: white adipose tissue (WAT) for energy storage and brown adipose tissue (BAT) for thermogenesis, with beige adipocytes demonstrating the plasticity of these cells. WAT, beyond lipid storage, is involved in various metabolic activities, notably lipogenesis and lipolysis, critical for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also functions as an endocrine organ, secreting adipokines that influence metabolic, inflammatory, and immune processes. However, dysfunction in WAT, especially related to obesity, leads to metabolic disturbances, including the inability to properly store excess lipids, resulting in ectopic fat deposition in organs like the liver, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This narrative review delves into the multifaceted roles of WAT, its composition, metabolic functions, and the pathophysiology of WAT dysfunction. It also explores diagnostic approaches for adipose-related disorders, emphasizing the importance of accurately assessing AT distribution and understanding the complex relationships between fat compartments and metabolic health. Furthermore, it discusses various therapeutic strategies, including innovative therapeutics like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-based treatments and gene therapy, highlighting the potential of precision medicine in targeting obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Hörndler
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Pathology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofia Borlan
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Lopez-Yus M, Casamayor C, Soriano-Godes JJ, Borlan S, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Del Moral-Bergos R, Calmarza P, Artigas JM, Lorente-Cebrian S, Bernal-Monterde V, Sanz-Paris A, Arbones-Mainar JM. Isthmin-1 (ISM1), a novel adipokine that reflects abdominal adipose tissue distribution in individuals with obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:335. [PMID: 38066623 PMCID: PMC10709909 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of obesity-related health risks has traditionally relied on the Body Mass Index and waist circumference, but their limitations have propelled the need for a more comprehensive approach. The differentiation between visceral (VIS) and subcutaneous (SC) fat provides a finer-grained understanding of these risks, yet practical assessment methods are lacking. We hypothesized that combining the SC-VIS fat ratio with non-invasive biomarkers could create a valuable tool for obesity-related risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS A clinical study of 125 individuals with obesity revealed significant differences in abdominal fat distribution measured by CT-scan among genders and distinct models of obesity, including visceral, subcutaneous, and the SC/VIS ratio. Stratification based on these models highlighted various metabolic changes. The SC/VIS ratio emerged as an excellent metric to differentiate metabolic status. Gene expression analysis identified candidate biomarkers, with ISM1 showing promise. Subsequent validation demonstrated a correlation between ISM1 levels in SC and plasma, reinforcing its potential as a non-invasive biomarker for fat distribution. Serum adipokine levels also correlated with the SC/VIS ratio. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis revealed ISM1's efficacy in discriminating individuals with favorable metabolic profiles based on adipose tissue distribution. Correlation analysis also suggested that ISM1 was involved in glucose regulation pathways. CONCLUSION The study's results support the hypothesis that the SC-VIS fat ratio and its derived non-invasive biomarkers can comprehensively assess obesity-related health risks. ISM1 could predict abdominal fat partitioning and be a potential biomarker for evaluating obesity-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Carmen Casamayor
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Sofia Borlan
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez-Irazabal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Pilar Calmarza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedad Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Artigas
- Department of Radiology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrian
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
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Lopez-Yus M, Frendo-Cumbo S, Del Moral-Bergos R, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Bernal-Monterde V, Rydén M, Lorente-Cebrian S, Arbones-Mainar JM. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of adipocyte genes associated with NAFLD alters adipocyte lipid handling and reduces steatosis in hepatocytes in vitro. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1178-C1189. [PMID: 37721003 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is the primary lipid storage depot and regulates lipid fluxes to other organs. Our previous work identified genes upregulated in scWAT of patients with NAFLD: SOCS3, DUSP1, and SIK1. Herein, we knocked down (KD) their expression in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology and characterized their phenotype. We found that SOCS3, DUSP1, and SIK1 expression in hADMSC-derived adipocytes was not critical for adipogenesis. However, the metabolic characterization of the cells suggested that the genes played important roles in lipid metabolism. Reduction of SIK1 expression significantly increased both de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and palmitate-induced lipogenesis (PIL). Editing out SOCS3 reduced DNL while increasing isoproterenol-induced lipolysis and insulin-induced palmitate accumulation. Conversely, DUSP1 reduced PIL and DNL. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis of edited cells showed that these genes not only altered lipid metabolism but also other biological pathways related to inflammatory processes, in the case of DUSP1, extracellular matrix remodeling for SOCS3, or cellular transport for SIK1. Finally, to evaluate a possible adipocyte-hepatocyte axis, human hepatoma HepG2 cells were cocultured with edited hADMSCs-derived adipocytes in the presence of [3H]-palmitate. All HepG2 cells cultured with DUSP1-, SIK1-, or SOCS3-KD adipocytes decreased [3H]-palmitate accumulation compared with control adipocytes. These results support our hypotheses that SOCS3, DUSP1, and SIK1 regulate multiple aspects of adipocyte function, which may play a role in the progression of obesity-associated comorbidities, such as NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology successfully edited genomic DNA of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC). SOCS3, SIK1, and DUSP1 regulate adipocyte lipid handling. Silencing SOCS3, SIK1, and DUSP1 expression in hADMSC-derived adipocytes reduces hepatocyte lipid storage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrian
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Casas-Deza D, Bernal-Monterde V, Betoré-Glaria E, Julián-Gomara AB, Yagüe-Caballero C, Sanz-París A, Fernández-Bonilla EM, Fuentes-Olmo J, Arbones-Mainar JM. Liver Disease Undernutrition Screening Tool Questionnaire Predicts Decompensation and Mortality in Cirrhotic Outpatients with Portal Hypertension. Nutrients 2023; 15:3780. [PMID: 37686812 PMCID: PMC10489934 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous scores are designed to predict outcomes of patients with liver cirrhosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the ability of the Liver Disease Undernutrition Screening Tool (LDUST) in predicting mortality and decompensation in outpatients with clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). We hypothesized that LDUST could help identify patients in need of nutritional supplementation and intervention. METHODS A prospective study of 57 CSPH patients (36.8% female, mean age: 63.5 ± 9.9 years) with a median follow-up of 41 months was conducted. Baseline liver function, nutrition, and sarcopenia were assessed, alongside LDUST. During follow-up, the occurrence of liver decompensation, hospital admission, need for emergency care, and mortality were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 56.1% of patients were Child A, and the most frequent etiology was alcohol (50.9%). Malnutrition risk according to LDUST raised mortality (HR: 25.96 (1.47-456.78)), decompensation (HR 9.78 (2.08-45.89)), and admission (HR 4.86 (1.09-21.61)) risks in multivariate Cox analysis. Combining LDUST with Child and MELD scores improved their decompensation prediction (0.936 vs. 0.811 and 0.866 vs. 0.700). CONCLUSIONS The LDUST has a solid ability to predict complications in cirrhosis outpatients with CSPH, and its integration with Child and MELD models enhances their predictive power. LDUST implementation could identify individuals necessitating early nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Casas-Deza
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
| | - Elena Betoré-Glaria
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
| | - Ana Belén Julián-Gomara
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
| | - Carmen Yagüe-Caballero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Sanz-París
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva María Fernández-Bonilla
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
| | - Javier Fuentes-Olmo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (E.B.-G.); (A.B.J.-G.); (C.Y.-C.); (E.M.F.-B.); (J.F.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (J.M.A.-M.)
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CiberOBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Casas-Deza D, Espina S, Martínez-Sapiña A, Del Moral-Bergos R, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Lopez-Yus M, Calmarza P, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving direct-acting antivirals. Atherosclerosis 2023; 375:59-66. [PMID: 37245427 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interferes with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism causing cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance (IR). Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective for the eradication of HCV, with positive effects on metabolic health although paradoxically associated with increased total and LDL-cholesterol. The aims of this study were 1) to characterize dyslipidemia (lipoprotein content, number, and size) in naive HCV-infected individuals and 2) to evaluate the longitudinal association of metabolic changes and lipoparticle characteristics after DAA therapy. METHODS We conducted a prospective study with one-year follow-up. 83 naive outpatients treated with DAAs were included. Those co-infected with HBV or HIV were excluded. IR was analyzed using the HOMA index. Lipoproteins were studied by fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). RESULTS FPLC analysis showed that lipoprotein-borne HCV was only present in the VLDL region most enriched in APOE. There was a lack of association between HOMA and total cholesterol or cholesterol carried by LDL or HDL at baseline. Alternatively, a positive association was found between HOMA and total circulating triglycerides (TG), as well as with TG transported in VLDL, LDL, and HDL. HCV eradication with DAAs resulted in a strong and significant decrease in HOMA (-22%) and HDL-TG (-18%) after one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS HCV-dependent lipid abnormalities are associated with IR and DAA therapy can reverse this association. These findings may have potential clinical implications as the HDL-TG trajectory may inform the evolution of glucose tolerance and IR after HCV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Casas-Deza
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Espina
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Sapiña
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Calmarza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Lopez-Yus M, García-Sobreviela MP, Del Moral-Bergos R, Arbones-Mainar JM. Gene Therapy Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087468. [PMID: 37108631 PMCID: PMC10138576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent condition often associated with dysfunctional adipose tissue. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention in the context of regenerative medicine. Among all stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are the most easily obtained, have immunomodulatory properties, show great ex vivo expansion capacity and differentiation to other cell types, and release a wide variety of angiogenic factors and bioactive molecules, such as growth factors and adipokines. However, despite the positive results obtained in some pre-clinical studies, the actual clinical efficacy of ADMSCs still remains controversial. Transplanted ADMSCs present a meager rate of survival and proliferation, possibly because of the damaged microenvironment of the affected tissues. Therefore, there is a need for novel approaches to generate more functional ADMSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential. In this context, genetic manipulation has emerged as a promising strategy. In the current review, we aim to summarize several adipose-focused treatments of obesity, including cell therapy and gene therapy. Particular emphasis will be given to the continuum from obesity to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, we will provide insights into the potential shared adipocentric mechanisms involved in these pathophysiological processes and their remediation using ADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar García-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Baila-Rueda L, Cenarro A, Lamiquiz-Moneo I, Marco-Benedi V, Gracia-Rubio I, Casamayor-Franco MC, Arbones-Mainar JM, Civeira F, Laclaustra M. Association of Cholesterol and Oxysterols in Adipose Tissue With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Traits. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3929-e3936. [PMID: 35453148 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue stores a substantial amount of body cholesterol in humans. Obesity is associated with decreased concentrations of serum cholesterol. During weight gain, adipose tissue dysfunction might be one of the causes of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate cholesterol storage and oxidized metabolites in adipose tissue and their relationship with metabolic clinical characteristics. METHODS Concentrations of cholesterol and oxysterols (27-hydroxycholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol) in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in 19 adult women with body mass index between 23 and 40 kg/m2 from the FAT expandability (FATe) study. Tissue concentration values were correlated with biochemical and clinical characteristics using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS Insulin correlated directly with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in both adipose tissues and with 27-hydroxycholesterol in visceral tissue. Leptin correlated directly with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Tissue cholesterol correlated directly with 27-hydroxycholesterol in both adipose tissues and with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in visceral tissue, where cholesterol correlation with 24S-hydroxycholesterol was higher than with 27-hydroxycholesterol. In addition, some tendencies were observed: serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to be inversely correlated with visceral adipose tissue cholesterol; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein tended to be correlated directly with subcutaneous adipose 24S-hydroxycholesterol and inversely with visceral 27-hydroxycholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue oxysterols are associated with blood insulin and insulin resistance. Tissue cholesterol correlated more with 27-hydroxycholesterol in subcutaneous adipose tissue and with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in visceral adipose tissue. Levels of adipose 24S-hydroxycholesterol seem to be correlated with some metabolic syndrome symptoms and inflammation while adipose 27-hydroxycholesterol could represent some protection against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Baila-Rueda
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedi
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Casamayor-Franco
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Unidad de Cirugía Endocrina, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin Laclaustra
- Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Lopez-Yus M, Lorente-Cebrian S, Del Moral-Bergos R, Hörndler C, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Casamayor C, Sanz-Paris A, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Identification of novel targets in adipose tissue involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22429. [PMID: 35792898 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200118rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesize that a dysfunctional subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) may lead to an accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the causative role of scWAT in NALFD progression. We performed a RNA-sequencing analysis in a discovery cohort (n = 45) to identify genes in scWAT correlated with fatty liver index, a qualitative marker of liver steatosis. We then validated those targets in a second cohort (n = 47) of obese patients who had liver biopsies available. Finally, we obtained scWAT mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from 13 obese patients at different stages of NAFLD and established in vitro models of human MSC (hMSC)-derived adipocytes. We observed impaired adipogenesis in hMSC-derived adipocytes as liver steatosis increased, suggesting that an impaired adipogenic capacity is a critical event in the development of NAFLD. Four genes showed a differential expression pattern in both scWAT and hMSC-derived adipocytes, where their expression paralleled steatosis degree: SOCS3, DUSP1, SIK1, and GADD45B. We propose these genes as key players in NAFLD progression. They could eventually constitute potential new targets for future therapies against liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrian
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Hörndler
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Pathology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Casamayor
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Endocrine, Bariatric and Breast Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Nutrition Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Casas-Deza D, Martínez-Sapiña A, Espina S, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Fernandez-Bonilla EM, Sanz-Paris A, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors after Hepatitis C Virus Eradication with Direct-Acting Antivirals in a Cohort of Treatment-Naïve Patients without History of Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144049. [PMID: 35887813 PMCID: PMC9315656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) produces changes at multiple levels in host metabolism, especially in lipid profile and cardio-metabolic risk. It is unclear how HCV eradication by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) modifies those changes. Objective: To evaluate the impact of DAA treatment on different risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Prospective study with two-year follow-up. All patients treated with DAAs in the Liver Clinic of a tertiary hospital were included. Patients co-infected with HBV or HIV, with other causes of liver disease, on lipid-lowering treatment, pregnant, or with previous HCV treatment were excluded. The results were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: 167 patients (53% female, 9.6% cirrhosis) were included. Low plasma lipid levels were observed before initiating HCV eradication. During the first year after treatment with DAA, we observed a sustained increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol (only in men), and LDL-cholesterol levels. An ameliorated glycemic control was also observed with a decrease in fasting insulin and reduced HOMA. Iron metabolism and coagulation function also improved with lower levels of serum ferritin and prothrombin activity; these biochemical changes resulted in a new diagnosis of hypercholesterolaemia in 17.4% of patients, requiring initiation of statins in 15%. Two non-fatal cardiovascular events were observed during the first 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: DAA treatments returned plasma lipids to the normal range without increasing either the occurrence of cardiovascular events or the consumption of lipid-lowering medication beyond what is normal in a sex- and age-matched population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Casas-Deza
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.C.-D.); (S.E.); (E.M.F.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
| | - Ana Martínez-Sapiña
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Silvia Espina
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.C.-D.); (S.E.); (E.M.F.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M. Fernandez-Bonilla
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.C.-D.); (S.E.); (E.M.F.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
- Nutrition Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez-Irazabal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.C.-D.); (S.E.); (E.M.F.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.-M.); (J.M.A.-M.)
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (B.G.-R.); (A.S.-P.); (Y.G.-I.)
- Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.B.-M.); (J.M.A.-M.)
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11
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Casas-Deza D, Bernal-Monterde V, Aranda-Alonso AN, Montil-Miguel E, Julián-Gomara AB, Letona-Giménez L, Arbones-Mainar JM. Age-related mortality in 61,993 confirmed COVID-19 cases over three epidemic waves in Aragon, Spain. Implications for vaccination programmes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261061. [PMID: 34882740 PMCID: PMC8659616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk for severe COVID-19 increases with age. Different vaccination strategies are currently being considered, including those aimed at slowing down transmission and those aimed at providing direct protection to those most at risk. METHODS The objectives of the current study were i) to assess age-related incidence and survival between PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 cases (n = 61,993) in the Autonomous Community of Aragon from March to November 2020, and ii) to characterize age differences regarding the course of the disease in hospitalized patients in a tertiary university hospital. RESULTS We found a similar incidence of COVID-19 in individuals between 10 and 79 years. Incidence increased in those over 80 years possibly because of the elevated transmission within the nursing homes. We observed a profound disparity among age groups; case fatality rates (CFRs) were near 0 in cases younger than 39 years throughout different waves. In contrast, there was an age-dependent and progressive increase in the CFRs, especially during the first pandemic wave. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a more severe and rapid progression in older patients. The elderly required faster hospitalization, presented more serious symptoms on admission, and had a worse clinical course. Hospitalized older individuals, even without comorbidities, had an increased mortality risk directly associated with their age. Lastly, the existence of comorbidities dramatically increased the CFRs in the elderly, especially in males. CONCLUSION The elevated incidence of COVID-19 and the vulnerability of the elderly call for their prioritization in vaccination and targeted prevention measures specifically focused on this aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Casas-Deza
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Letona-Giménez
- Internal Medicine Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Espina S, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Sanz-Paris A, Lopez-Yus M, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, del Moral-Bergos R, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Fuentes-Olmo J, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Amino Acid Profile in Malnourished Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Modification with Oral Nutritional Supplements: Implications on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113764. [PMID: 34836020 PMCID: PMC8617874 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low plasma levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in liver cirrhosis are associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). We aimed to identify a metabolic signature of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in malnourished cirrhotic patients and evaluate its modification with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) enriched with ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB), a derivative of the BCAA leucine. Post hoc analysis was conducted on a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 43 individuals with cirrhosis and malnutrition, who were randomized to receive, for 12 weeks, oral supplementation twice a day with either 220 mL of Ensure® Plus Advance (HMB group, n = 22) or with 220 mL of Ensure® Plus High Protein (HP group, n = 21). MHE evaluation was by psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). Compared to the HP group, an HMB-specific treatment effect led to a larger increase in Val, Leu, Phe, Trp and BCAA fasting plasma levels. Both treatments increased Fischer’s ratio and urea without an increase in Gln or ammonia fasting plasma levels. MHE was associated with a reduced total plasma amino acid concentration, a reduced BCAA and Fischer´s ratio, and an increased Gln/Glu ratio. HMB-enriched ONS increased Fischer´s ratio without varying Gln or ammonia plasma levels in liver cirrhosis and malnutrition, a protective amino acid profile that can help prevent MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Espina
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.E.); (J.F.-O.); (V.B.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez-Irazabal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Lopez-Yus
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel del Moral-Bergos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Fuentes-Olmo
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.E.); (J.F.-O.); (V.B.-M.)
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.E.); (J.F.-O.); (V.B.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (A.S.-P.); (M.L.-Y.); (M.P.G.-S.); (R.d.M.-B.); (B.G.-R.)
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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González-Fernández M, Perez-Nogueras J, Serrano-Oliver A, Torres-Anoro E, Sanz-Arque A, Arbones-Mainar JM, Sanz-Paris A. Masseter Muscle Thickness Measured by Ultrasound as a Possible Link with Sarcopenia, Malnutrition and Dependence in Nursing Homes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1587. [PMID: 34573928 PMCID: PMC8469670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is frequently associated with malnutrition and dependence in nursing homes. Masticatory muscle strength could be the link between sarcopenia, malnutrition and dependence. We aimed to study the relation between sarcopenia, malnutrition and dependence with masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasound. A cross-sectional study was realized, with 464 patients from 3 public nursing homes in Zaragoza (Spain). The diagnosis of sarcopenia was assessed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria, malnutrition by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and functional capacity by the Barhel Index and the texture diet. Masseter muscle thickness (MMT) was measured by ultrasound. The median age was 84.7 years, and 70% of the participants were women. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 39.2% of patients, malnutrition in 26.5% (risk 47.8%), total dependence in 37.9% and diet texture was modified in 44.6%. By logistic regression, once the model was adjusted for age, sex, Barthel index and texture diet, our analyses indicated that each 1 mm decrease in MMT increased the risk of sarcopenia by ~57% (OR: 0.43), the risk of malnutrition by MNA by ~63% (OR: 0.37) and the risk of malnutrition by GLIM by ~34% (OR: 0.66). We found that MMT was reduced in sarcopenic, malnourished and dependent patients, and it could be the common point of a vicious cycle between sarcopenia and malnutrition. Further studies are needed to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragon (IIS-Aragon), 50007 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50007 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50007 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragon (IIS-Aragon), 50007 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Lopez-Yus M, Lopez-Perez R, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Del Moral-Bergos R, Lorente-Cebrian S, Arbones-Mainar JM. Adiponectin overexpression in C2C12 myocytes increases lipid oxidation and myofiber transition. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 78:517-525. [PMID: 34423393 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and obesity have detrimental effects on the metabolic function of the skeletal muscle. Mounting evidence indicates that patients with those conditions may present an increased ratio of glycolytic to oxidative fibers associated with a decrease in oxidative capacity. In this regard, adiponectin, a hormone mainly secreted by adipocytes that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, has emerged as a myokine that could play an important role in this process. We aimed to investigate whether adiponectin overexpression in skeletal muscle might be a local protective mechanism, favoring fatty acid utilization. To that end, we generated an in vitro model of myocytes with upregulated endogenous adiponectin using a lentiviral carrier. We demonstrated that the adiponectin-transduced myocytes were able to produce and secrete fully functional adiponectin complexes. Adiponectin overexpression remarkably upregulated the mRNA level of myogenic regulatory factors as well as genes implicated in lipolysis (HSL, ATGL) and cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid transport (LPL, CD36, CPT1B). This was accompanied by increased isoproterenol-induced lipolysis and β-oxidation and reduced lipogenesis, whereas insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was unaltered in transduced myocytes. Lastly, the relative expression of the more glycolytic myofibers (MyHC IIb) compared to the more oxidative ones (MyHC I) was notably reduced. Our results showed that the released adiponectin acted in an autocrine/paracrine manner, increasing lipid oxidation in myocytes and leading to a transition of myofibers from the glycolytic to the oxidative type. In conclusion, muscle adiponectin overexpression might be a way to relieve muscle diseases caused by oxidative muscle fiber deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de La Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lopez-Perez
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de La Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de La Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Moral-Bergos
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de La Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrian
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de La Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal Y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de La Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Aragón, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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González-Fernández M, Arbones-Mainar JM, Ferrer-Lahuerta E, Perez-Nogueras J, Serrano-Oliver A, Torres-Anoro E, Sanz-Paris A. Ultrasonographic Measurement of Masseter Muscle Thickness Associates with Oral Phase Dysphagia in Institutionalized Elderly Individuals. Dysphagia 2021; 36:1031-1039. [PMID: 33462765 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oral phase dysphagia is dependent on ability to chew. As people age, general muscle atrophy contributes to decreased masseter strength. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the thickness of the masseter muscle measured by ultrasonography and the presence of dysphagia in a group of institutionalized elderly people. As a secondary objective, we aimed to establish cutoff points of masseters muscle thickness (MMT) to identify elderly individuals at risk of oral dysphagia. METHODS Cross-sectional study of all residents from 3 nursing homes. All individuals underwent ultrasonographic measurements of left and right MMT and were classified according to the presence of dysphagia assessed by both the EAT-10 screening questionnaire and the volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST). RESULTS 469 patients (69% women, mean age 84.7 yrs) were recruited. Dysphagia was present in 41.6% and 26% of individuals according the EAT-10 and V-VST, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that 1 mm increase in MMT reduced the risk of dysphagia by 21% according to the EAT-10 tool and by 30% using the V-VST after adjusting for age, sex, mini-nutritional assessment score, and body mass index. We used receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves to identify cutoff points of MMT to detect dysphagic individuals according to either EAT-10 or V-VST. CONCLUSIONS The MMT measured by ultrasonography is reduced in elderly individuals with dysphagia. Based on MMT, clinicians may be better informed about the patients'´ ability to masticate solid foods and identify potential nutrient deficiencies in geriatric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS-Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Department of Nutrition, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS-Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Bernal-Monterde V, Casas-Deza D, Letona-Giménez L, de la Llama-Celis N, Calmarza P, Sierra-Gabarda O, Betoré-Glaria E, Martínez-de Lagos M, Martínez-Barredo L, Espinosa-Pérez M, M. Arbones-Mainar J. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces a Dual Response in Liver Function Tests: Association with Mortality during Hospitalization. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090328. [PMID: 32899640 PMCID: PMC7555293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with abnormal liver function tests. We hypothesized that early altered liver biochemistries at admission might have different clinical relevance than subsequent changes during hospitalization. A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 540 consecutive hospitalized patients, PCR-diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Liver test abnormalities were defined as the elevation of either gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), above the upper limit of normality set by our laboratory. Linear mixed models (LMM) evaluated longitudinal associations, incorporating all available follow-up laboratory chemistries. By the end of the follow-up period, 502 patients (94.5%) were discharged (109 (20.5%) died). A total of 319 (64.3%) had at least one abnormal liver test result at admission. More prevalent were elevated AST (40.9%) and GGT (47.3%). Abnormalities were not associated with survival but with respiratory complications at admission. Conversely, LMM models adjusted for age and sex showed that longitudinal increases during hospitalization in ferritin, GGT, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as a decreased albumin levels, were associated with reduced survival. This dual pattern of liver damage might reconcile previous conflicting reports. GGT and ALP trajectories could be useful to determine who might need more surveillance and intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (D.C.-D.); (O.S.-G.); (E.B.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Casas-Deza
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (D.C.-D.); (O.S.-G.); (E.B.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Letona-Giménez
- Internal Medicine Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (M.M.-d.L.); (L.M.-B.); (M.E.-P.)
| | | | - Pilar Calmarza
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Olivia Sierra-Gabarda
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (D.C.-D.); (O.S.-G.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Elena Betoré-Glaria
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (D.C.-D.); (O.S.-G.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - María Martínez-de Lagos
- Internal Medicine Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (M.M.-d.L.); (L.M.-B.); (M.E.-P.)
| | - Lucía Martínez-Barredo
- Internal Medicine Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (M.M.-d.L.); (L.M.-B.); (M.E.-P.)
| | - María Espinosa-Pérez
- Internal Medicine Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (M.M.-d.L.); (L.M.-B.); (M.E.-P.)
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-769-565
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17
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Lardiés-Sánchez B, Arbones-Mainar JM, Perez-Nogueras J, Serrano-Oliver A, Torres-Anoro E, Sanz-Paris A. Neck circumference is associated with nutritional status in elderly nursing home residents. Nutrition 2019; 62:153-157. [PMID: 30913519 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anthropometry is an easy and noninvasive method to evaluate nutritional status in institutionalized elderly people who are often bedridden. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the neck circumference (NC) and nutritional status of elderly nursing home residents and to find cutoff points for NC size to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition. METHODS A cross-sectional study was developed with data collected from 352 elderly people living in five public nursing homes. Different anthropometric measures and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to determine nutritional status. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built for each anthropometric variable to determine their sensitivity and specificity for predicting the risk of malnutrition according to the MNA. RESULTS The mean age of the participants (59% females) was 83 years old. In total, 48.3% of women and 45.5% of men were at risk of malnutrition according to their MNA scores. All anthropometric measurements were highly intercorrelated in both men and women, indicating a high degree of collinearity. Bootstrapped linear regression was used to assess the strength of the association between an individuals' nutritional status and their anthropometric parameters. Calf circumference and NC presented the best predictive value with the highest sensitivity for diagnosing the risk of malnutrition in both institutionalized elderly men and women. The best cutoff points of NC to identify elderly nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition were 35.2 cm for females and 37.8 cm for males. CONCLUSIONS NC is associated with other classical anthropometric parameters and malnutrition status in elderly people living in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lardiés-Sánchez
- Nutrition Department of University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Nutrition Department of University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Leroux M, Lemery T, Boulet N, Briot A, Zakaroff A, Bouloumié A, Andrade F, Pérez-Matute P, Arbones-Mainar JM, Carpéné C. Effects of the amino acid derivatives, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, taurine, and N-methyltyramine, on triacylglycerol breakdown in fat cells. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:263-273. [PMID: 30919256 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Various amino acid (AA) metabolites are used as supplements to facilitate metabolic control and enhance responsiveness of insulin-sensitive tissues. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite proposed to prevent muscle wasting and to mitigate insulin resistance. Taurine, commonly added to energizing drinks, is a metabolite of methionine and cysteine present in bile juice, and proposed to be involved in lipid digestion and to be pro-lipolytic in adipocytes. N-methyltyramine (NMT) is a phenylalanine metabolite found in orange juices at 0.1-3 ppm while its effects on lipid mobilization remain controversial. Here, the putative lipolytic effects of these AA metabolites were studied and it was tested whether they could enhance insulin antilipolytic response in adipocytes. Release of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was measured after a 2-h incubation of adipocytes obtained from control and diet-induced obese mice or from obese patients. In mouse, none of the tested AA derivatives was lipolytic from 1 μM to 1 mM. These compounds did not improve insulin antilipolytic effect or isoprenaline lipolytic action, except for 1 mM NMT that impaired triacylglycerol breakdown in obese mice. In human adipocytes, HMB and taurine were not lipolytic, while NMT weakly activated glycerol and NEFA release at 1 mM. However, 100 μM NMT impaired isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis in a manner that was hardly added to insulin antilipolytic effect. Since none of these AA derivatives acutely helped or replaced insulin antilipolytic effect in adipocytes, the present in vitro observations do not support their proposed insulin-sensitizing properties. Moreover, NMT, HMB, and taurine were not notably lipolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Leroux
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Tristan Lemery
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Briot
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Zakaroff
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Metabolomics Platform, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, linked clinical group of Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Matute
- Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón. Zaragoza, Spain. CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France. .,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.
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Perez-Diaz S, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Espina S, Arenaz I, Arbones-Mainar JM. PTRF acts as an adipokine contributing to adipocyte dysfunctionality and ectopic lipid deposition. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:613-622. [PMID: 29869069 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expands under obesogenic conditions. Yet, when the growth exceeds a certain limit, AT becomes dysfunctional and surplus lipids start depositing ectopically. Polymerase I and transcription release factor (PTRF) has been proposed as a mechanism leading to a dysfunctional AT by decreasing the adipogenic potential of human adipocyte precursors. However, whether or not PTRF can be secreted by the adipocytes into the bloodstream is not yet known. For this work, PTRF presence was investigated in plasma. We also produced a recombinant PTRF (rPTRF) and examined its impact on the functional interactions between the adipocyte and the hepatocyte in vitro. We demonstrated that PTRF can be found in human plasma, and is at least in part, carried by exosomes. In vitro treatment with rPTRF increased the hypertrophy and senescence of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In turn, those rPTRF-treated adipocytes increased lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Lastly, we found a positive correlation between circulating PTRF and the concentration of PTRF in the visceral fat depot. All these findings point toward the presence of an enlarged and dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue which secretes PTRF. This circulating PTRF behaves as an adipokine and may partially contribute to the well-known detrimental effects of visceral fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Perez-Diaz
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria P Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Espina
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Izaskun Arenaz
- Biobanco del Sistema de Salud de Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Sanz-Paris A, Rodriguez-Valle A, Navarro MA, Puzo-Foncillas J, Arbones-Mainar JM. Post-lunch triglyceridaemia associates with HDLc and insulin resistance in fasting normotriglyceridaemic menopausal women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 30:700-708. [PMID: 28419643 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-prandial hypertriglyceridaemia (P-HTG) is associated with cardiovascular disease. This association is of paramount importance during menopause, which is also related to reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc) and elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. We aimed to provide a self-assesing tool to screen for P-HTG in menopausal women who were normotriglyceridaemic at fasting and adhered to a Mediterranean-style eating pattern. METHODS We performed oral fat loading tests (OFLT) in combination with self-measurements of diurnal capillary TG at fixed time-points (DC-TG) in 29 healthy menopausal women. TG levels >220 mg dL-1 at any given time during the OFLT served as diagnostic criteria for P-HTG. Subsequently, DC-TG profiles were examined to determine the best mealtime (breakfast, lunch or dinner), as well as optimal cut-off points to classify these women as having P-HTG according to the OFLT. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper tertile of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. RESULTS We found that, despite having normal fasting TG levels, P-HTG was highly prevalent (approximately 40%). Moreover, self-assessed 3-h post-lunch TG levels >165 mg dL-1 increased the odds of having hypo-HDL cholesterolaemia by 14.1-fold (P = 0.026) and the odds of having insulin resistance by 31.6-fold (P = 0.007), adjusted for total fat intake in women adhering to a Mediterranean eating pattern having their highest energy intake at lunch. CONCLUSIONS Self-assessed 3-h post-lunch TG can be used to study post-prandial TG metabolism in Southern European menopausal women who are normotriglyceridaemic at fasting. Characterising an individual's post-prandial response may help menopausal women to evaluate their risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanz-Paris
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Valle
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M A Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Puzo-Foncillas
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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21
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Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Laiglesia LM, Sáinz N, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Escoté X, Odriozola L, Corrales FJ, Arbones-Mainar JM, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:2135-2145. [PMID: 28188173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600859r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial actions of n-3 fatty acids on obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation have been related to the synthesis of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) like resolvins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of one of these SPMs, maresin 1 (MaR1), to reverse adipose tissue inflammation and/or insulin resistance in two models of obesity: diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and genetic (ob/ob) obese mice. In DIO mice, MaR1 (2 μg/kg; 10 d) reduced F4/80-positive cells and expression of the proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype marker Cd11c in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, MaR1 decreased Mcp-1, Tnf-α, and Il-1β expression, upregulated adiponectin and Glut-4, and increased Akt phosphorylation in WAT. MaR1 administration (2 μg/kg; 20 d) to ob/ob mice did not modify macrophage recruitment but increased the M2 macrophage markers Cd163 and Il-10. MaR1 reduced Mcp-1, Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Dpp-4 and increased adiponectin gene expression in WAT. MaR1 treatment also improved the insulin tolerance test of ob/ob mice and increased Akt and AMPK phosphorylation in WAT. These data suggest that treatment with MaR1 can counteract the dysfunctional inflamed WAT and could be useful to improve insulin sensitivity in murine models of obesity.-Martínez-Fernández, L., González-Muniesa, P., Laiglesia, L. M., Sáinz, N., Prieto-Hontoria, P. L., Escoté, X., Odriozola, L., Corrales, F. J., Arbones-Mainar, J. M., Martínez, J. A., Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura M Laiglesia
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando J Corrales
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Center.,Division of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Center of Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.,Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; .,Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Sanz-París A, Gómez-Candela C, Martín-Palmero Á, García-Almeida JM, Burgos-Pelaez R, Matía-Martin P, Arbones-Mainar JM. Application of the new ESPEN definition of malnutrition in geriatric diabetic patients during hospitalization: A multicentric study. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1564-1567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Perez-Diaz S, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Valero M, Lagos-Lizan J, Arbones-Mainar JM. Knockdown of PTRF ameliorates adipocyte differentiation and functionality of human mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C83-C91. [PMID: 27856429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Healthy expansion of human adipose tissue requires mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) able to proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes. Hence, characterization of those factors that coordinate hMSC-to-adipocyte transition is of paramount importance to modulate the adipose tissue expansion. It has been previously reported that the adipogenic program of hMSC can be disrupted by upregulating caveolar proteins, and polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) is an integral component of caveolae, highly expressed in adipose tissue. Here, we hypothesized that the role of PTRF in adipocyte functionality might stem from an effect on hMSC. To test this hypothesis, we isolated hMSC from the subcutaneous fat depot. We found an upregulated expression of the PTRF associated with decreased adipogenic potential of hMSC, likely due to the existence of senescent adipocyte precursors. Employing short hairpin RNA-based constructs to stably reduce PTRF, we were able to restore insulin sensitivity and reduced basal lipolysis and leptin levels in human adipocytes with high levels of PTRF. Additionally, we pinpointed the detrimental effect caused by PTRF on the adipose tissue to the existence of senescent adipocyte precursors unable to proliferate and differentiate into adipocytes. This study provides evidence that impaired adipocyte functionality can be corrected, at least partially, by PTRF downregulation and warrants further in vivo research in patients with dysfunctional adipose tissue to prevent metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Perez-Diaz
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Monica Valero
- Unidad de Cirugía, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain; and
| | | | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; .,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Arbones-Mainar JM, Johnson LA, Torres-Perez E, Garcia AE, Perez-Diaz S, Raber J, Maeda N. Metabolic shifts toward fatty-acid usage and increased thermogenesis are associated with impaired adipogenesis in mice expressing human APOE4. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1574-1581. [PMID: 27163745 PMCID: PMC5063049 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene encodes for three isoforms in the human population (APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4). Whereas the role of APOE in lipid metabolism is well characterized, the specific metabolic signatures of the APOE isoforms during metabolic disorders, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular underpinnings of APOE-directed metabolic alterations, we tested the hypothesis that APOE4 drives a whole-body metabolic shift toward increased lipid oxidation. METHODS We employed humanized mice in which the Apoe gene has been replaced by the human APOE*3 or APOE*4 allele to produce human APOE3 or APOE4 proteins and characterized several mechanisms of fatty-acid oxidation, lipid storage, substrate utilization and thermogenesis in those mice. RESULTS We show that, whereas APOE4 mice gained less body weight and mass than their APOE3 counterparts on a Western-type diet (P<0.001), they displayed elevated insulin and homeostatic model assessment, markers of insulin resistance (P=0.004 and P=0.025, respectively). APOE4 mice also demonstrated a reduced respiratory quotient during the postprandial period (0.95±0.03 versus 1.06±0.03, P<0.001), indicating increased usage of lipids as opposed to carbohydrates as a fuel source. Finally, APOE4 mice showed increased body temperature (37.30±0.68 versus 36.9±0.58 °C, P=0.039), augmented cold tolerance and more metabolically active brown adipose tissue compared with APOE3 mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that APOE4 mice may resist weight gain via an APOE4-directed global metabolic shift toward lipid oxidation and enhanced thermogenesis, and may represent a critical first step in the development of APOE-directed therapies for a large percentage of the population affected by disorders with established links to APOE and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat). Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Elena Torres-Perez
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat). Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Anna E. Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sergio Perez-Diaz
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat). Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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25
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Gamundi-Segura S, Torres-Perez E, Sanz-Paris A, Arbones-Mainar JM. Interaction of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms on miscarriage risk in black and white American women. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1554-1560.e1. [PMID: 26952784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether [1] apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms can differentially regulate miscarriage risk and [2] whether this genotype effect could also be modulated by the race within populations. DESIGN Data were derived from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), a longitudinal study with black and white participants from four U.S. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Women without miscarriages (controls) and women who miscarried at least once (cases). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A group of women (n = 1,372) successfully followed for 25 years and with their APOE alleles identified were analyzed for miscarriage risk throughout their reproductive life. Additionally, a larger longitudinal analysis encompassing all the participants who had their APOE characterized (n = 2,140) was also performed for the association between APOE and miscarriage risk. RESULT(S) In white women followed up for 25 years, the odds ratio for miscarriage associated with APOE*2 allele presence was 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.50) compared with APOE*33 carriers. This was a race-dependent phenomenon as no associations between APOE alleles and miscarriage was observed in black women. Likewise, Cox regression analysis showed that cumulative miscarriage risk in white women was 37.2% in the APOE*2 carriers compared with 27.8% and 24.8% in APOE*33 and APOE*4 carriers, respectively. With APOE*33 as the reference, the age-adjusted hazard ratio associated with carrying the APOE*2 allele was 1.47 (95 confidence interval, 1.06-2.05). CONCLUSION(S) This variable miscarriage risk, produced by an interaction between genotype and race, may reconcile, at least partially, the conflicting reports of the association of APOE and miscarriage risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gamundi-Segura
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Torres-Perez
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Llarena M, Andrade F, Hasnaoui M, Portillo MP, Pérez-Matute P, Arbones-Mainar JM, Hijona E, Villanueva-Millán MJ, Aguirre L, Carpéné C, Aldámiz-Echevarría L. Potential renoprotective effects of piceatannol in ameliorating the early-stage nephropathy associated with obesity in obese Zucker rats. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 72:555-66. [PMID: 26660756 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated nephropathy is considered to be a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Resveratrol supplementation represents a promising therapy to attenuate kidney injury, but the poor solubility and limited bioavailability of this polyphenol limits its use in dietary intervention. Piceatannol, a resveratrol analogue, has been suggested as a better option. In this study, we aimed to provide evidence of a preventive action of piceatannol in very early stages of obesity-associated nephropathy. Thirty obese Zucker rats were divided into three experimental groups: one control and two groups orally treated for 6 weeks with 15 and 45 mg piceatannol/kg body weight/day. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine renal and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), renal fibrosis markers (transforming growth factor β1 and fibronectin) and renal sirtuin-1 protein. Oxidative stress was assessed in the kidney by measuring lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates and 3-nitrotyrosine levels, respectively) together with the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Renal fatty acids profile analysis was performed by thin-layer and gas chromatography. Piceatannol-treated rats displayed lower levels of urinary and renal Kim-1. Renal fibrosis biomarkers and lipid peroxidation exhibited a tendency to decrease in the piceatannol-treated groups. Piceatannol treatment did not modify superoxide dismutase activity or sirtuin-1 protein levels, while it seemed to increase the levels of polyunsaturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the kidneys. Our findings suggest a mild renoprotective effect of piceatannol in obese Zucker rats and the need of intervention at early stages of renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llarena
- Unit of Metabolism, Cruces University Hospital - BioCruces Health Research Institute, GCV-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Unit of Metabolism, Cruces University Hospital - BioCruces Health Research Institute, GCV-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mounia Hasnaoui
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1048), Toulouse, France
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Centro de Investigación Lucio Lascaray, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Matute
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Hijona
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia Hospital and Biodonostia Institute and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Jesús Villanueva-Millán
- HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Centro de Investigación Lucio Lascaray, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 01006, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1048), Toulouse, France
| | - Luis Aldámiz-Echevarría
- Unit of Metabolism, Cruces University Hospital - BioCruces Health Research Institute, GCV-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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27
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Torres-Perez E, Ledesma M, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Leon-Latre M, Arbones-Mainar JM. Apolipoprotein E4 association with metabolic syndrome depends on body fatness. Atherosclerosis 2015; 245:35-42. [PMID: 26691908 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The human Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is polymorphic. The APOE*4 allele is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and could contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as it may affect all MetS components. We hypothesize that the common APOE4 polymorphism differentially regulates MetS risk and that this association might be modulated by body fatness. METHODS & RESULTS We used body mass index (BMI) as surrogate of fatness and cross-sectionally studied the prevalence of MetS in 4408 middle-aged men of the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS). Our analysis revealed i) a gene dose-dependent association between APOE*4 allele and increased risk for MetS, ii) this association primarily derived from the overweight subjects. For these individuals, the MetS risk was higher in APOE*4 carriers than in non-carriers (Odds Ratio = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67). Additionally, we examined 3908 healthy young individuals from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort, followed-up for 25 years. Compared with APOE*4 non-carriers, APOE*4 presence significantly increased the risk of developing MetS (Hazard Ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.26). Again, an interplay between APOE*4 and the longitudinal development of fatness towards the onset of MetS occurred throughout the study. For individuals with BMI gain below the median, the cumulative onset rate of MetS was significantly higher in APOE*4 carriers than in the non-carriers (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.55). CONCLUSIONS Carrying APOE*4 alleles increases MetS in a dose-dependent manner, characterizing individual's APOE genotype might help identify at-risk subjects for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torres-Perez
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Leon-Latre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Torres-Perez E, Valero M, Garcia-Rodriguez B, Gonzalez-Irazabal Y, Calmarza P, Calvo-Ruata L, Ortega C, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Sanz-Paris A, Artigas JM, Lagos J, Arbones-Mainar JM. The FAT expandability (FATe) Project: Biomarkers to determine the limit of expansion and the complications of obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:40. [PMID: 25896263 PMCID: PMC4409987 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat frequently, but not always, associated with health problems, mainly type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. During a positive energy balance, as caused by excessive intake or sedentary lifestyle, subcutaneous adipose tissue expands and accumulates lipids as triglycerides. However, the amount of adipose tissue per se is unlikely to be the factor linking obesity and metabolic complications. The expandability hypothesis states that, if this positive energy balance is prolonged, a point is eventually reached where subcutaneous adipose tissue can not further expand and energy surplus no longer can be safely stored. Once the limit on storage capacity has been exceeded, the dietary lipids start spilling and accumulate ectopically in other organs (omentum, liver, muscle, pancreas) forming lipid byproducts toxic to cells. Methods/Design FATe is a multidisciplinary clinical project aimed to fill gaps that still exist in the expandability hypothesis. Imaging techniques (CT-scan), metabolomics, and transcriptomics will be used to identify the factors that set the limit expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue in a cohort of caucasian individuals with varying degrees of adiposity. Subsequently, a set of biomarkers that inform the individual limits of expandability will be developed using computational and mathematical modeling. A different validation cohort will be used to minimize the risk of false positive rates and increase biomarkers' predictive performance. Discussion The work proposed here will render a clinically useful screening method to predict which obese individuals will develop metabolic derangements, specially diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study will also provide mechanistic evidence that promoting subcutaneous fat expansion might be a suitable therapy to reduce metabolic complications associated with positive energy balance characteristic of Westernized societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torres-Perez
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Monica Valero
- Unidad de Cirugía, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | | | - Pilar Calmarza
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luisa Calvo-Ruata
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ortega
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Paris
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Artigas
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Javier Lagos
- Unidad de Cirugía, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Tejedor MT, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Ledesma M, Arbones-Mainar JM. The apolipoprotein E polymorphism rs7412 associates with body fatness independently of plasma lipids in middle aged men. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108605. [PMID: 25268647 PMCID: PMC4182517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is polymorphic, encoding one of 3 common alleles (ε2, ε3, ε4) produced from combinations of 2 non-synonymous SNPs (rs429358 and rs7412). APOE plays an important role controlling plasma lipids but its association with adipocyte functionality and body fatness remains to be determined. METHODS We analyzed fasting plasma lipids and genotyped the two main APOE-SNPs (rs429358 and rs7412), both located in the fourth exon of the APOE, in 4660 Caucasian middle-aged men free of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS The rs7412 SNP, which determines the APOE2 isoform, was significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Girth (WG) in a multivariate model accounting for age, smoking status and plasma lipids. BMI and WG were highest in TT homozygotes and lowest in CC homozygotes. This effect was independent of the rs429358 SNP, which failed to show any association with the BMI and WG variables. The odds ratio of being obese (BMI>30) for individuals carrying the APOε2 allele, present in 14% of the cohort and defined by the rs7412 SNP, was also significant in this multivariate model, with an OR of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01-1.59). CONCLUSIONS This study provides an evidence of a lipid-independent association between the APOE SNP rs7412 and body fatness surrogates, BMI and WG, in a large cohort of middle-aged males.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Tejedor
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Ledesma
- Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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30
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Perez-Diaz S, Johnson LA, DeKroon RM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Alzate O, Fernandez-Real JM, Maeda N, Arbones-Mainar JM. Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) regulates adipocyte differentiation and determines adipose tissue expandability. FASEB J 2014; 28:3769-79. [PMID: 24812087 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Impaired adipogenesis renders an adipose tissue unable to expand, leading to lipotoxicity and conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While factors important for adipogenesis have been studied extensively, those that set the limits of adipose tissue expansion remain undetermined. Feeding a Western-type diet to apolipoprotein E2 knock-in mice, a model of metabolic syndrome, produced 3 groups of equally obese mice: mice with normal glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemic yet glucose-tolerant mice, and prediabetic mice with impaired glucose tolerance and reduced circulating insulin. Using proteomics, we compared subcutaneous adipose tissues from mice in these groups and found that the expression of PTRF (polymerase I and transcript release factor) associated selectively with their glucose tolerance status. Lentiviral and pharmacologically overexpressed PTRF, whose function is critical for caveola formation, compromised adipocyte differentiation of cultured 3T3-L1cells. In human adipose tissue, PTRF mRNA levels positively correlated with markers of lipolysis and cellular senescence. Furthermore, a negative relationship between telomere length and PTRF mRNA levels was observed in human subcutaneous fat. PTRF is associated with limited adipose tissue expansion underpinning the key role of caveolae in adipocyte regulation. Furthermore, PTRF may be a suitable adipocyte marker for predicting pathological obesity and inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Perez-Diaz
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Robert M DeKroon
- University of North Carolina Systems-Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jose M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Alzate
- University of North Carolina Systems-Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jose M Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi) Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Johnson LA, Arbones-Mainar JM, Fox RG, Pendse AA, Altenburg MK, Kim HS, Maeda N. Apolipoprotein E4 exaggerates diabetic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice lacking the LDL receptor. Diabetes 2011; 60:2285-94. [PMID: 21810592 PMCID: PMC3161311 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the differential roles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms in modulating diabetic dyslipidemia-a potential cause of the increased cardiovascular disease risk of patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) in human apoE3 (E3) or human apoE4 (E4) mice deficient in the LDL receptor (LDLR(-/-)). RESULTS Diabetic E3LDLR(-/-) and E4LDLR(-/-) mice have indistinguishable levels of plasma glucose and insulin. Despite this, diabetes increased VLDL triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in E4LDLR(-/-) mice twice as much as in E3LDLR(-/-) mice. Diabetic E4LDLR(-/-) mice had similar lipoprotein fractional catabolic rates compared with diabetic E3LDLR(-/-) mice but had larger hepatic fat stores and increased VLDL secretion. Diabetic E4LDLR(-/-) mice demonstrated a decreased reliance on lipid as an energy source based on indirect calorimetry. Lower phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase content and higher gene expression of fatty acid synthase in the liver indicated reduced fatty acid oxidation and increased fatty acid synthesis. E4LDLR(-/-) primary hepatocytes cultured in high glucose accumulated more intracellular lipid than E3LDLR(-/-) hepatocytes concomitant with a 60% reduction in fatty acid oxidation. Finally, the exaggerated dyslipidemia in diabetic E4LDLR(-/-) mice was accompanied by a dramatic increase in atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS ApoE4 causes severe dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis independent of its interaction with LDLR in a model of STZ-induced diabetes. ApoE4-expressing livers have reduced fatty acid oxidation, which contributes to the accumulation of tissue and plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Raymond G. Fox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Avani A. Pendse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael K. Altenburg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Arbones-Mainar JM, Johnson LA, Altenburg MK, Kim HS, Maeda N. Impaired adipogenic response to thiazolidinediones in mice expressing human apolipoproteinE4. FASEB J 2010; 24:3809-18. [PMID: 20501792 PMCID: PMC2996914 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-159517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are insulin sensitizers used to treat patients with insulin resistance. To assess potential gene-drug interactions, mice expressing human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 (APOE3 or APOE4) were fed a Western-type high-fat diet for 12 wk, at which time they developed similarly impaired glucose tolerance. Supplementing the diet with rosiglitazone (1.5 mg/g body weight) for an additional 4 wk improved plasma lipid profiles in both APOE3 and APOE4 mice. However, glucose tolerance improved only in APOE3 mice. Induction of adipogenesis and lipogenesis was severely blunted in adipose tissues, but not in the livers, of APOE4 mice. Consequently, lipids were channeled to the liver, causing marked steatosis in these mice. Impaired glucose tolerance was not a prerequisite for this adverse effect, and long-term treatment with rosiglitazone altered liver enzymes and caused hepatic fibrosis in APOE4 mice. Finally, TZDs failed to stimulate PPARγ activation and adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes and embryonic fibroblasts isolated from APOE4 mice compared to those from APOE3 mice. We conclude that the effects of TZDs are APOE isoform dependent, and that the metabolic damage observed in APOE4 mice is rooted in an impaired activation of the adipogenic program in the adipose tissues expressing APOE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael K. Altenburg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Pendse AA, Arbones-Mainar JM, Johnson LA, Altenburg MK, Maeda N. Apolipoprotein E knock-out and knock-in mice: atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and beyond. J Lipid Res 2008; 50 Suppl:S178-82. [PMID: 19060252 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800070-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the multiple differences between mice and men, it was once thought that mice could not be used to model atherosclerosis, principally a human disease. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoEKO) mice have convincingly changed this view, and the ability to model human-like plaques in these mice has provided scientists a platform to study multiple facets of atherogenesis and to explore potential therapeutic interventions. In addition to its well-established role in lipoprotein metabolism, recent observations of reduced adiposity and improved glucose homeostasis in apoEKO mice suggest that apoE may also play a key role in energy metabolism in peripheral organs, including adipose tissue. Finally, along with apoEKO mice, knockin mice expressing human apoE isoforms in place of endogenous mouse apoE have provided insights into how quantitative and qualitative genetic alterations interact with the environment in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Pendse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Arbones-Mainar JM, Johnson LA, Altenburg MK, Maeda N. Differential modulation of diet-induced obesity and adipocyte functionality by human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1595-605. [PMID: 18725890 PMCID: PMC2805194 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a key protein in lipid metabolism, is highly expressed in adipose tissues. Studies have shown that human APOE*4 is associated with a lower body mass index but with a greater risk of coronary heart disease compared with other APOE alleles. To define the isoform-specific role of apoE in regulating the expandability and functionality of adipose tissues, we investigated the effects of diet-induced obesity in mice whose endogenous Apoe gene has been replaced by either the human APOE*3 or APOE*4 allele. RESULTS After 8 weeks on a Western-type high-fat diet, male APOE4 mice displayed impaired tolerance to glucose and fat overload compared with APOE3 mice. Subcutaneous fat tissues in APOE4 and APOE3 mice after high fat feeding were not different. In contrast, although epididymal fat tissues in APOE4 mice gained 30% less weight during the high fat feeding than in APOE3 mice, they showed impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ex vivo. Epididymal APOE4 adipocytes were larger in size than APOE3 adipocytes, and expressed reduced levels of mRNA for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 and adiponectin, important markers of adipocyte functionality. Adenoviral expression of apoE3 in apoE-null culture adipocytes induced adiponectin mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, but the induction was significantly blunted in cells overexpressing apoE4. However, in contrast to the apoE3-expressing cells, Glut1, but not Glut4, expression levels were positively correlated with increased apoE4 mRNA, suggesting that apoE4 expression in adipocyte interferes in insulin-sensing pathways. CONCLUSION Dysfunctional epididymal adipose tissues contribute to the accelerated impairment of glucose tolerance in APOE4 mice fed a Western-type diet. Our results underscore the importance of functionality of individual fat depots rather than total fat mass as a determinant for metabolic disturbance during diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Arbones-Mainar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Carnicer R, Guzman MA, Acin S, Surra JC, Navarro MA, Arbones-Mainar JM, Arnal C, Morales R, Osada J. Genetic background in apolipoprotein A-I and cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2008; 13:5155-62. [PMID: 18508577 DOI: 10.2741/3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Double heterozygous mice lacking one allele of Cbs and Apoa1 develop hyperhomocysteinemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia together with moderate hypertension. To study the influence of the genetic background into this specific phenotype, four groups of male mice were established: control and double heterozygous groups in C57BL/6J and in C57BL/6J x 129 backgrounds, respectively. Nitric oxide levels, systolic blood pressure, plasma lipid parameters, arylesterase activity and aorta histology were analyzed as well as oligonucleotide array hybridization of liver RNA. Results demonstrated that double heterozygous mice in C57BL/6J substrate had a milder phenotype showing lower increase in blood pressure compared to double heterozygous group in hybrid background. The severity of the phenotype in the latter group was associated with lower nitric oxide and arylesterase activity levels, and hyperplasia of the vascular media layer. Hepatic profiling of both genetic substrates showed profound differences in expression of contractile proteins that could explain these pathological findings. In summary, the phenotypic presentation of hypertension is associated with multiple processes from vascular bedside to liver as evidenced by nitric oxide production or paraoxonase levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Carnicer
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Sarria AJ, Surra JC, Acin S, Carnicer R, Navarro MA, Arbones-Mainar JM, Guillen N, Martinez-Gracia MV, Arnal C, Osada J. Understanding the role of dietary components on atherosclerosis using genetic engineered mouse models. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2006; 11:955-67. [PMID: 16146786 DOI: 10.2741/1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation by genetic engineering of two murine models to investigate atherosclerosis, such as the apoE- and LDLr- deficient mice, is providing an extraordinaire knowledge of the effect of different nutrients on this complex disease. The present revision provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in this field that point to a remarkable complexity. While some controversies over puzzling results could be explained invoking potential nutrient interactions or different food sources of nutrients, it also appears that other factors such as sex, genetic background or immunological status are emerging as generators of differential responses to nutrients during the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Sarria
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, E-50013, Zaragoza
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de Roos B, Rucklidge G, Reid M, Ross K, Duncan G, Navarro MA, Arbones-Mainar JM, Guzman-Garcia MA, Osada J, Browne J, Loscher CE, Roche HM. Divergent mechanisms of
cis
9,
trans
11
‐
and
trans
10
, cis
12
‐
conjugated linoleic acid affecting insulin resistance and inflammation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice: a proteomics approach. FASEB J 2005; 19:1746-8. [PMID: 16055499 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-3953fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) affect atherogenesis, but mechanisms are not well understood. We explored how two isomers of CLA, cis9, trans11-CLA and trans10, cis12-CLA, affected lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as hepatic protein expression, in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. After 12 wk of intervention, plasma triglyceride, NEFA, and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the trans10, cis12-CLA group, whereas plasma triglyceride, NEFA, glucose, and insulin concentrations were significantly lower in the cis9, trans11-CLA group, compared with control mice consuming linoleic acid. Proteomics identified significant up- or down-regulation of 113 liver cytosolic proteins by either CLA isomer. Principal component analysis revealed that the treatment effect of cis9, trans11-CLA was mainly explained by the up-regulation of different posttranslational forms of heat shock protein 70 kD. In contrast, the treatment effect of trans10, cis12-CLA was mainly explained by up-regulation of key enzymes in the gluconeogenic, beta-oxidation, and ketogenesic pathways. Correlation analysis again emphasized the divergent effects of both CLA isomers on different pathways, but also revealed a linkage between insulin resistance and increased levels of hepatic serotransferrin. Thus, our systems biology approach provided novel insights into the mechanisms by which individual CLA isomers differentially affect pathways related to atherogenesis, such as insulin resistance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de Roos
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.
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