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Madrigal M, Martín P, Lamus F, Fernandez JM, Gato A, Alonso MI. Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid influence in the subependymal neurogenic niche in adult mouse hippocampus. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102120. [PMID: 37285750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adult mouse hippocampal neurogenic niche is a complex structure which is not completely understood. It has mainly been related to the Subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus; however, as a result of differential neural stem cell populations reported in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and associated with the hippocampus, the possibility remains of a multifocal niche reproducing developmental stages. Here, using a set of molecular markers for neural precursors, we describe in the adult mouse brain hippocampus the existence of a disperse population of neural precursors in the Subependymal Zone, the Dentate Migratory Stream and the hilus; these display dynamic behaviour compatible with neurogenesis. This supports the idea that the adult hippocampal niche cannot be restricted to the dentate gyrus subgranular layer. In other neurogenic niches such as the Subventricular Zone, a functional periventricular dependence has been shown due to the ability to respond to embryonic cerebro-spinal fluid. In this study, we demonstrate that neural precursors from the three areas studied (Sub-ependymal Zone, Dentate Migratory Stream and hilus) are able to modify their behaviour by increasing neurogenesis in a locally differential manner. Our results are compatible with the persistence in the adult mouse hippocampus of a neurogenic niche with the same spatial structure as that seen during development and early postnatal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madrigal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - P Martín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - F Lamus
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J M Fernandez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - A Gato
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Teratología del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - M I Alonso
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Teratología del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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2
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Weinschutz Mendes H, Neelakantan U, Liu Y, Fitzpatrick SE, Chen T, Wu W, Pruitt A, Jin DS, Jamadagni P, Carlson M, Lacadie CM, Enriquez KD, Li N, Zhao D, Ijaz S, Sakai C, Szi C, Rooney B, Ghosh M, Nwabudike I, Gorodezky A, Chowdhury S, Zaheer M, McLaughlin S, Fernandez JM, Wu J, Eilbott JA, Vander Wyk B, Rihel J, Papademetris X, Wang Z, Hoffman EJ. High-throughput functional analysis of autism genes in zebrafish identifies convergence in dopaminergic and neuroimmune pathways. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112243. [PMID: 36933215 PMCID: PMC10277173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing from gene discovery in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to the identification of biologically relevant mechanisms remains a central challenge. Here, we perform parallel in vivo functional analysis of 10 ASD genes at the behavioral, structural, and circuit levels in zebrafish mutants, revealing both unique and overlapping effects of gene loss of function. Whole-brain mapping identifies the forebrain and cerebellum as the most significant contributors to brain size differences, while regions involved in sensory-motor control, particularly dopaminergic regions, are associated with altered baseline brain activity. Finally, we show a global increase in microglia resulting from ASD gene loss of function in select mutants, implicating neuroimmune dysfunction as a key pathway relevant to ASD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Neelakantan
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yunqing Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah E Fitzpatrick
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; MD-PhD Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tianying Chen
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Weimiao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - April Pruitt
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David S Jin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Marina Carlson
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Cheryl M Lacadie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Ningshan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sundas Ijaz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Catalina Sakai
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christina Szi
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ijeoma Nwabudike
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; MD-PhD Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrea Gorodezky
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sumedha Chowdhury
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Meeraal Zaheer
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah McLaughlin
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jia Wu
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Eilbott
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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3
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Hastie KM, Li H, Bedinger D, Schendel SL, Dennison SM, Li K, Rayaprolu V, Yu X, Mann C, Zandonatti M, Diaz Avalos R, Zyla D, Buck T, Hui S, Shaffer K, Hariharan C, Yin J, Olmedillas E, Enriquez A, Parekh D, Abraha M, Feeney E, Horn GQ, Aldon Y, Ali H, Aracic S, Cobb RR, Federman RS, Fernandez JM, Glanville J, Green R, Grigoryan G, Lujan Hernandez AG, Ho DD, Huang KYA, Ingraham J, Jiang W, Kellam P, Kim C, Kim M, Kim HM, Kong C, Krebs SJ, Lan F, Lang G, Lee S, Leung CL, Liu J, Lu Y, MacCamy A, McGuire AT, Palser AL, Rabbitts TH, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Sajadi MM, Sanders RW, Sato AK, Schweizer L, Seo J, Shen B, Snitselaar JL, Stamatatos L, Tan Y, Tomic MT, van Gils MJ, Youssef S, Yu J, Yuan TZ, Zhang Q, Peters B, Tomaras GD, Germann T, Saphire EO. Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A global consortium study. Science 2021; 374:472-478. [PMID: 34554826 PMCID: PMC9302186 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines are essential to combat COVID-19 morbidity and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple mutations in SARS-CoV-2 that could impair antibody defenses propagated in human-to-human transmission and spillover or spillback events between humans and animals. To develop prevention and therapeutic strategies, we formed an international consortium to map the epitope landscape on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, defining and structurally illustrating seven receptor binding domain (RBD)–directed antibody communities with distinct footprints and competition profiles. Pseudovirion-based neutralization assays reveal spike mutations, individually and clustered together in variants, that affect antibody function among the communities. Key classes of RBD-targeted antibodies maintain neutralization activity against these emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These results provide a framework for selecting antibody treatment cocktails and understanding how viral variants might affect antibody therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haoyang Li
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Bedinger
- Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Sharon L. Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S. Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kan Li
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin Mann
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle Zandonatti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruben Diaz Avalos
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dawid Zyla
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tierra Buck
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Hui
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kelly Shaffer
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chitra Hariharan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adrian Enriquez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diptiben Parekh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Milite Abraha
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Elizabeth Feeney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gillian Q. Horn
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - CoVIC-DB team1
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Quadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK
- Myrio Therapeutics Pty, Ltd., 1 Dalmore Drive, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
- National Resilience, Inc., 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
- Centivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Twist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Kymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- AbCipher Biotechnology, 188 Xinjun Ring Road, Building 2, 4th Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- HiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- National Resilience, Inc., 2061 Challenger Dr., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanif Ali
- Quadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK
| | - Sanja Aracic
- Myrio Therapeutics Pty, Ltd., 1 Dalmore Drive, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
| | - Ronald R. Cobb
- National Resilience, Inc., 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Ross S. Federman
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph M. Fernandez
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jacob Glanville
- Centivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robin Green
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gevorg Grigoryan
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Ingraham
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cheolmin Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Mi Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Kong
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Fei Lan
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Lang
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheuk Lun Leung
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
- AbCipher Biotechnology, 188 Xinjun Ring Road, Building 2, 4th Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Anna MacCamy
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T. McGuire
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne L. Palser
- Kymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Terence H. Rabbitts
- Quadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aaron K. Sato
- Twist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Jimin Seo
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bingqing Shen
- HiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonne L. Snitselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yongcong Tan
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Milan T. Tomic
- National Resilience, Inc., 2061 Challenger Dr., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sawsan Youssef
- Centivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tom Z. Yuan
- Twist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- HiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy Germann
- Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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4
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Abstract
Blast-induced hearing difficulties affect thousands of veterans and civilians. The long-term impact of even a mild blast exposure on the central auditory system is hypothesized to contribute to lasting behavioral complaints associated with mild blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Although recovery from mild blast has been studied separately over brief or long time windows, few, if any, studies have investigated recovery longitudinally over short-term and longer-term (months) time windows. Specifically, many peripheral measures of auditory function either recover or exhibit subclinical deficits, masking deficits in processing complex, real-world stimuli that may recover differently. Thus, examining the acute time course and pattern of neurophysiological impairment using appropriate stimuli is critical to better understanding and intervening in bTBI-induced auditory system impairments. Here, we compared auditory brainstem response, middle-latency auditory-evoked potentials, and envelope following responses. Stimuli were clicks, tone pips, amplitude-modulated tones in quiet and in noise, and speech-like stimuli (iterated rippled noise pitch contours) in adult male rats subjected to mild blast and sham exposure over the course of 2 mo. We found that blast animals demonstrated drastic threshold increases and auditory transmission deficits immediately after blast exposure, followed by substantial recovery during the window of 7-14 days postblast, although with some deficits remaining even after 2 mo. Challenging conditions and speech-like stimuli can better elucidate mild bTBI-induced auditory deficit during this period. Our results suggest multiphasic recovery and therefore potentially different time windows for treatment, and deficits can be best observed using a small battery of sound stimuli.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Few studies on blast-induced hearing deficits go beyond simple sounds and sparsely track postexposure. Therefore, the recovery arc for potential therapies and real-world listening is poorly understood. Evidence suggested multiple recovery phases over 2 mo postexposure. Hearing thresholds largely recovered within 14 days and partially explained recovery. However, midlatency responses, responses to amplitude modulation in noise, and speech-like pitch sweeps exhibited extended changes, implying persistent central auditory deficits and the importance of subclinical threshold shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily X Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Joseph M Fernandez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Department Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Caitlin Swanberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Department Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Edward L Bartlett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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5
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Thompson AM, Fernandez JM, Rick J, Hendricks AJ, Maarouf M, Mata EM, Collier EK, Grogan TR, Hsiao JL, Shi VY. Identifying triggers for hidradenitis suppurativa flare: a patient survey. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:225-226. [PMID: 33665807 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Thompson
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J M Fernandez
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J Rick
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A J Hendricks
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M Maarouf
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E M Mata
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E K Collier
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T R Grogan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J L Hsiao
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Y Shi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Kroll F, Powell GT, Ghosh M, Gestri G, Antinucci P, Hearn TJ, Tunbak H, Lim S, Dennis HW, Fernandez JM, Whitmore D, Dreosti E, Wilson SW, Hoffman EJ, Rihel J. A simple and effective F0 knockout method for rapid screening of behaviour and other complex phenotypes. eLife 2021; 10:e59683. [PMID: 33416493 PMCID: PMC7793621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of human genes are associated with neurological diseases, but translation into tractable biological mechanisms is lagging. Larval zebrafish are an attractive model to investigate genetic contributions to neurological diseases. However, current CRISPR-Cas9 methods are difficult to apply to large genetic screens studying behavioural phenotypes. To facilitate rapid genetic screening, we developed a simple sequencing-free tool to validate gRNAs and a highly effective CRISPR-Cas9 method capable of converting >90% of injected embryos directly into F0 biallelic knockouts. We demonstrate that F0 knockouts reliably recapitulate complex mutant phenotypes, such as altered molecular rhythms of the circadian clock, escape responses to irritants, and multi-parameter day-night locomotor behaviours. The technique is sufficiently robust to knockout multiple genes in the same animal, for example to create the transparent triple knockout crystal fish for imaging. Our F0 knockout method cuts the experimental time from gene to behavioural phenotype in zebrafish from months to one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kroll
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth T Powell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paride Antinucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Hearn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hande Tunbak
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Harvey W Dennis
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - David Whitmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Elena Dreosti
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Fernandez JM, Thompson AM, Kirby JS, Hsiao JL, Shi VY. Characterizing physical symptoms of flare in hidradenitis suppurativa: a patient survey. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:160-162. [PMID: 32702152 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernandez
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A M Thompson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J S Kirby
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J L Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Y Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Dieguez-Varela C, Lion-Vazquez S, Fraga-Bau A, Rodriguez-Acevedo B, Rodriguez-Sanchez L, Collazo-Dieguez M, Pereira-Martinez MN, Salgado-Barreira A, Alvarez-Rodriguez E, Vicente-Alba P, Munoz D, Fernandez JM, Ribeiro SJ, Midaglia L. [Intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of spasticity in patients with recurring multiple sclerosis: the results of a double-blind randomised clinical trial]. Rev Neurol 2019; 69:45-52. [PMID: 31287147 DOI: 10.33588/rn.6902.2018275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been suggested that the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could be useful as a non-pharmacological treatment for spasticity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and neurophysiological effects of high-frequency intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on lower limb spasticity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients in the remitting phase of the disease were randomly allocated to sham or magnetic therapy group and underwent iTBS over contralateral motor cortex of the most affected leg once a day for two weeks. Each session consisted of 10 bursts containing three pulses at 50 Hz repeated at 200 ms intervals (5 Hz) every 10 s for a total of 600 stimuli. The iTBS effect was assessed by using clinical (such as the Modified Ashworth Scale) and neuro-physiological (H/M amplitude ratio and cortical silent period duration) parameters. RESULTS Two-week iTBS over motor cortex of the most affected leg did not produce any significant clinical effect on spasticity. However, it decreases the H/M amplitude ratio and increases duration of cortical silent period but not significantly, in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION The stimulation protocol used in this study does not have significant therapeutic effect. Therefore, we do recommend further studies as neurophysiological changes were evident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Lion-Vazquez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | - A Fraga-Bau
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Vicente-Alba
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Espana
| | - D Munoz
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | - J M Fernandez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | - S J Ribeiro
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | - L Midaglia
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
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Vano E, Fernandez JM, Resel LE, Moreno J, Sanchez RM. Staff lens doses in interventional urology. A comparison with interventional radiology, cardiology and vascular surgery values. J Radiol Prot 2016; 36:37-48. [PMID: 26583458 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to evaluate radiation doses to the lens of urologists during interventional procedures and to compare them with values measured during interventional radiology, cardiology and vascular surgery. The measurements were carried out in a surgical theatre using a mobile C-arm system and electronic occupational dosimeters (worn over the lead apron). Patient and staff dose measurements were collected in a sample of 34 urology interventions (nephrolithotomies). The same dosimetry system was used in other medical specialties for comparison purposes. Median and 3rd quartile values for urology procedures were: patient doses 30 and 40 Gy cm(2); personal dose equivalent Hp(10) over the apron (μSv/procedure): 393 and 848 (for urologists); 21 and 39 (for nurses). Median values of over apron dose per procedure for urologists resulted 18.7 times higher than those measured for radiologists and cardiologists working with proper protection (using ceiling suspended screens) in catheterisation laboratories, and 4.2 times higher than the values measured for vascular surgeons at the same hospital. Comparison with passive dosimeters worn near the eyes suggests that dosimeters worn over the apron could be a reasonable conservative estimate for ocular doses for interventional urology. Authors recommend that at least the main surgeon uses protective eyewear during interventional urology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Medical Physics Service, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Martin Lagos s.n., 28040 Madrid, Spain. Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine. Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Hoffman EJ, Turner KJ, Fernandez JM, Cifuentes D, Ghosh M, Ijaz S, Jain RA, Kubo F, Bill BR, Baier H, Granato M, Barresi MJF, Wilson SW, Rihel J, State MW, Giraldez AJ. Estrogens Suppress a Behavioral Phenotype in Zebrafish Mutants of the Autism Risk Gene, CNTNAP2. Neuron 2016; 89:725-33. [PMID: 26833134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of devastating neurodevelopmental syndromes that affect up to 1 in 68 children. Despite advances in the identification of ASD risk genes, the mechanisms underlying ASDs remain unknown. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in Contactin Associated Protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) are strongly linked to ASDs. Here we investigate the function of Cntnap2 and undertake pharmacological screens to identify phenotypic suppressors. We find that zebrafish cntnap2 mutants display GABAergic deficits, particularly in the forebrain, and sensitivity to drug-induced seizures. High-throughput behavioral profiling identifies nighttime hyperactivity in cntnap2 mutants, while pharmacological testing reveals dysregulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. Finally, we find that estrogen receptor agonists elicit a behavioral fingerprint anti-correlative to that of cntnap2 mutants and show that the phytoestrogen biochanin A specifically reverses the mutant behavioral phenotype. These results identify estrogenic compounds as phenotypic suppressors and illuminate novel pharmacological pathways with relevance to autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katherine J Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joseph M Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sundas Ijaz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Fumi Kubo
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Brent R Bill
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J F Barresi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Matthew W State
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Antonio J Giraldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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11
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Vano E, Sanchez RM, Fernandez JM, Bartal G, Canevaro L, Lykawka R, Melo C. A set of patient and staff dose data for validation of Monte Carlo calculations in interventional cardiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 165:235-239. [PMID: 25802462 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to report a set of experimental values of patient and staff doses in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory using the range of radiographic and geometric parameters from routine clinical practice. The data obtained will be available for validation of Monte Carlo calculations and for training purposes. They will also help optimise radiation protection for patients and staff. Experimental measurements were made with an anthropomorphic phantom, and a monoplane flat detector-based X-ray system was used for interventional cardiology procedures. Standard operational protocols used in clinical practice were applied. Around 1000 patient dose and 5000 staff dose values were measured for different operational conditions (angulations, distances, collimation and wedge filter, magnification, phantom thicknesses, using Copper absorber, etc.). Uncertainties were also estimated. Increase factors of 3-10 for patients and staff doses were measured for the different C-arm angulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Radiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University and IdISSC San Carlos Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R M Sanchez
- Radiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University and IdISSC San Carlos Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J M Fernandez
- Radiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University and IdISSC San Carlos Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - G Bartal
- Department of Radiology, Meir MC, 59 Tshernihovsky St., Kfar Saba 44281, Israel
| | - L Canevaro
- Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Institute, Medical Physics Division, National Commission of Nuclear Energy, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Lykawka
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Division of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C Melo
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão Travessa R, 187 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Vano E, Sanchez RM, Fernandez JM. Estimation of staff lens doses during interventional procedures. Comparing cardiology, neuroradiology and interventional radiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 165:279-283. [PMID: 25848117 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to estimate lens doses using over apron active personal dosemeters in interventional catheterisation laboratories (cardiology IC, neuroradiology IN and radiology IR) and to investigate correlations between occupational lens doses and patient doses. Active electronic personal dosemeters placed over the lead apron were used on a sample of 204 IC procedures, 274 IN and 220 IR (all performed at the same university hospital). Patient dose values (kerma area product) were also recorded to evaluate correlations with occupational doses. Operators used the ceiling-suspended screen in most cases. The median and third quartile values of equivalent dose Hp(10) per procedure measured over the apron for IC, IN and IR resulted, respectively, in 21/67, 19/44 and 24/54 µSv. Patient dose values (median/third quartile) were 75/128, 83/176 and 61/159 Gy cm(2), respectively. The median ratios for dosemeters worn over the apron by operators (protected by the ceiling-suspended screen) and patient doses were 0.36; 0.21 and 0.46 µSv Gy(-1) cm(-2), respectively. With the conservative approach used (lens doses estimated from the over apron chest dosemeter) we came to the conclusion that more than 800 procedures y(-1) and per operator were necessary to reach the new lens dose limit for the three interventional specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Radiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University and IdISSC San Carlos Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R M Sanchez
- Radiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University and IdISSC San Carlos Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J M Fernandez
- Radiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Complutense University and IdISSC San Carlos Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
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13
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Sanchez RM, Vano E, Fernandez JM, Ginjaume M, Duch MA. Measurements of eye lens doses in interventional cardiology using OSL and electronic dosemeters†. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 162:569-576. [PMID: 24464819 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to test the appropriateness of OSL and electronic dosemeters to estimate eye lens doses at interventional cardiology environment. Using TLD as reference detectors, personal dose equivalent was measured in phantoms and during clinical procedures. For phantom measurements, OSL dose values resulted in an average difference of -15 % vs. TLD. Tests carried out with other electronic dosemeters revealed differences up to ±20 % versus TLD. With dosemeters positioned outside the goggles and when TLD doses were >20 μSv, the average difference OSL vs. TLD was -9 %. Eye lens doses of almost 700 μSv per procedure were measured in two cases out of a sample of 33 measurements in individual clinical procedures, thus showing the risk of high exposure to the lenses of the eye when protection rules are not followed. The differences found between OSL and TLD are acceptable for the purpose and range of doses measured in the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Sanchez
- Medical Physics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vano
- Medical Physics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Fernandez
- Medical Physics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ginjaume
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Duch
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Portillo JA, Madero R, Solsona E, Fernandez JM, Martínez-Piñeiro L, Palou J, Montesino M, Martínez-Piñeiro JA, Unda M. Influence of the true number of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillations on the prognosis of non-muscle invasive bladder tumors. Actas Urol Esp 2014; 38:280-4. [PMID: 24529538 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze if the true number of BCG instillations applied in non-muscle invasive bladder tumors has any influence on their prognosis as well as other tumor and clinical characteristics: age, sex, different protocols, BCG dose, whether primary or recurrent, solitary or multiple, tumor size G3 or Cis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 324 high grade NMIBC (15 TaG3, 184 T1G3, 125 Cis) out of 1491 cases included in the CUETO database were analyzed. Following 6 post transurethral resection (RTU) BCG instillations, the patients were scheduled to receive one instillation every two weeks (3-6 times), for a total of 9-12 instillations. One third of the dose (27 mg) (112 cases) or total dose of 81 mg (212 cases). Mean follow-up was 59.6 months. Statistical Analysis: Kaplan-Meier, Cox-regression (uni-multivariate). RESULTS A higher level of recurrence (p = 0.032) and progression (P = .013) risk as well as worse Ca-specific survival (P = .005) were obtained if there were fewer than 12 instillations with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression multivariate analysis. A 27 mg (P = .008) dosage and being a female (P < .001) were independent factors for a higher recurrence risk, but not for progression or Ca-specific survival. The remaining characteristics studied were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with the results obtained, we can conclude that the number of BCG instillations applied has some influence on the outcome of high grade NMIBC. The optimum number of instillations as well as their time of application must still be determined. A dose of 27 mg and being a female are predictive factors of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Portillo
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, España.
| | - R Madero
- Servicio de Bioestadística, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - E Solsona
- Servicio de Urología, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España
| | - J M Fernandez
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | | | - J Palou
- Servicio de Urologia, Fundacion Puigvert, Barcelona, España
| | - M Montesino
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, España
| | | | - M Unda
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Basurto, Bilbao, España
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15
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Vano E, Fernandez JM, Sanchez RM, Martinez D, Ibor LL, Gil A, Serna-Candel C. Patient radiation dose management in the follow-up of potential skin injuries in neuroradiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:277-82. [PMID: 22859286 PMCID: PMC7965086 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiation exposure from neurointerventional procedures can be substantial, with risk of radiation injuries. We present the results of a follow-up program applied to potential skin injuries in interventional neuroradiology based on North American and European guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following guidelines approved in 2009 by SIR and CIRSE have been used over the last 2 years to identify patients with potential skin injuries requiring clinical follow-up: peak skin dose >3 Gy, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point >5 Gy, kerma area product >500 Gy · cm(2), or fluoroscopy time >60 minutes. RESULTS A total of 708 procedures (325 in 2009 and 383 in 2010) were included in the study. After analyzing each dose report, 19 patients (5.9%) were included in a follow-up program for potential skin injuries in 2009, while in 2010, after introducing several optimizing actions and refining the selection criteria, only 4 patients (1.0%) needed follow-up. Over the last 2 years, only 3 patients required referral to a dermatology service. CONCLUSIONS The application of the guidelines to patient radiation dose management helped standardize the selection criteria for including patients in the clinical follow-up program of potential skin radiation injuries. The peak skin dose resulted in the most relevant parameter. The refinement of selection criteria and the introduction of a low-dose protocol in the x-ray system, combined with a training program focused on radiation protection, reduced the number of patients requiring clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Medical Physics Service and Radiology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Ten JI, Fernandez JM, Vaño E. Automatic management system for dose parameters in interventional radiology and cardiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2011; 147:325-328. [PMID: 21831869 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop an automatic management system to archive and analyse the major study parameters and patient doses for fluoroscopy guided procedures performed in cardiology and interventional radiology systems. The X-ray systems used for this trial have the capability to export at the end of the procedure and via e-mail the technical parameters of the study and the patient dose values. An application was developed to query and retrieve from a mail server, all study reports sent by the imaging modality and store them on a Microsoft SQL Server data base. The results from 3538 interventional study reports generated by 7 interventional systems were processed. In the case of some technical parameters and patient doses, alarms were added to receive malfunction alerts so as to immediately take appropriate corrective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Ten
- Radiology Department, San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Ouillon S, Douillet P, Lefebvre JP, Le Gendre R, Jouon A, Bonneton P, Fernandez JM, Chevillon C, Magand O, Lefèvre J, Le Hir P, Laganier R, Dumas F, Marchesiello P, Bel Madani A, Andréfouët S, Panché JY, Fichez R. Circulation and suspended sediment transport in a coral reef lagoon: the south-west lagoon of New Caledonia. Mar Pollut Bull 2010; 61:269-296. [PMID: 20637477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The south-west lagoon of New Caledonia is a wide semi-open coral reef lagoon bounded by an intertidal barrier reef and bisected by numerous deep inlets. This paper synthesizes findings from the 2000-2008 French National Program EC2CO-PNEC relative to the circulation and the transport of suspended particles in this lagoon. Numerical model development (hydrodynamic, fine suspended sediment transport, wind-wave, small-scale atmospheric circulation) allowed the determination of circulation patterns in the lagoon and the charting of residence time, the later of which has been recently used in a series of ecological studies. Topical studies based on field measurements permitted the parameterisation of wave set-up induced by the swell breaking on the reef barrier and the validation of a wind-wave model in a fetch-limited environment. The analysis of spatial and temporal variability of suspended matter concentration over short and long time-scales, the measurement of grain size distribution and the density of suspended matter (1.27 kg l(-1)), and the estimation of erodibility of heterogeneous (sand/mud, terrigenous/biogenic) soft bottoms was also conducted. Aggregates were shown to be more abundant near or around reefs and a possible biological influence on this aggregation is discussed. Optical measurements enabled the quantification of suspended matter either in situ (monochromatic measurements) or remotely (surface spectral measurements and satellite observations) and provided indirect calibration and validation of a suspended sediment transport model. The processes that warrant further investigation in order to improve our knowledge of circulation and suspended sediment transport in the New Caledonia lagoon as well as in other coral reef areas are discussed, as are the relevance and reliability of the numerical models for this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ouillon
- Université de Toulouse, UPS OMP-PCA, LEGOS, 14 av Edouard Belin, Toulouse F-31400, France.
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18
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Adjeroud M, Fernandez JM, Carroll AG, Harrison PL, Penin L. Spatial patterns and recruitment processes of coral assemblages among contrasting environmental conditions in the southwestern lagoon of New Caledonia. Mar Pollut Bull 2010; 61:375-386. [PMID: 20621316 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the spatial distribution of adult and juvenile coral assemblages in the southwestern lagoon of New Caledonia, from disturbed fringing reefs within bays, to oceanic barrier reefs. Generic richness, abundance, and percent cover were highly variable at this scale, but no clear cross-shelf gradient was found. Rather, community composition was more related to reef biotopes. Correlations and canonical correspondence analyses revealed that composition and abundance of coral assemblages were related to substrate types (cover of turf algae and cover of encrusting coralline algae), but not to water quality or metal concentrations in sediments. We found a strong relationship between juvenile and adult distribution for all dominant genera, which suggests that recruitment processes are also a major factor structuring these populations. The densities of juveniles and their proportion in the coral assemblages were relatively low, which implies that replenishment capacities and potential for recovery are probably limited for these reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, U 227 COREUS 2, Centre IRD de Nouméa, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France.
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19
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Vano E, Martinez D, Fernandez JM, Ordiales JM, Prieto C, Floriano A, Ten JI. Paediatric entrance doses from exposure index in computed radiography. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:3365-80. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/12/020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Vano E, Segarra A, Fernandez JM, Ordiales JM, Simon R, Gallego JJ, del Cerro J, Casasola E, Verdu JF, Ballester T, Sotil J, Aspiazu A, Garcia MA, Moreno F, Carreras F, Canis M, Soler MM, Palmero J, Ciudad J, Diaz F, Hernandez J, Gonzalez M, Rosales P. A pilot experience launching a national dose protocol for vascular and interventional radiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 129:46-49. [PMID: 18310098 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The design of a national dose protocol for interventional radiology has been one of the tasks during the European SENTINEL Coordination Action. The present paper describes the pilot experience carried out in cooperation with the Spanish Society on Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI). A prospective sample of procedures was initially agreed. A common quality control of the X-ray systems was carried out, including calibration of the air kerma area product (KAP) meters. Occupational doses of the radiologists involved in the survey were also included in the survey. A total of 10 Spanish hospitals with interventional X-ray units were involved. Six hundred and sixty-four patient dose data were collected from 397 diagnostic and 267 therapeutic procedures. Occupational doses were evaluated in a sample of 635 values. The obtained KAP median/mean values (Gy.cm2) for the gathered procedures were: biliary drainage (30.6/68.9), fistulography (4.5/9.8), lower limb arteriography (52.2/60.7), hepatic chemoembolisation (175.8/218.3), iliac stent (45.9/73.2) and renal arteriography (39.1/59.8). Occupational doses (mean monthly values, in mSv) were 1.9 (over apron); 0.3 (under apron) and 4.5 (on hands). With this National experience, a protocol was agreed among the SENTINEL partners to conduct future similar surveys in other European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Simon R, Vano E, Prieto C, Fernandez JM, Ordiales JM, Martinez D. Criteria to optimise a dynamic flat detector system used for interventional radiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 129:261-264. [PMID: 18304958 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the relationship between image quality and incident air kerma has been carried out for a dynamic flat detector X-ray system used for interventional radiology. A phantom of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to simulate patients and two different image test objects, Leeds TOR 18FG and NEMA XR 21, were used to evaluate the quality of the obtained images. Measurements were made simulating clinical configuration with different PMMA thicknesses (16, 20, 24 and 28 cm), available fields of view of 22, 31, 42 and 48 cm (diagonal dimension), in the three default fluoroscopy modes and in one of the most used digital subtraction angiography image acquisition modes. The obtained results are being used to help in the optimisation of clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simon
- Medical Physics Service, San Carlos University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Fernandez JM, Ordiales JM, Guibelalde E, Prieto C, Vano E. Physical image quality comparison of four types of digital detector for chest radiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 129:140-143. [PMID: 18283060 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Image quality for similar exposure conditions has been compared for two computed radiography (CR) systems (needle-based and conventional storage phosphor) and two flat-panel (DR) systems from different manufacturers mainly devoted to chest radiology. Image quality was assessed with a contrast-detail object and acrylic material to simulate clinical conditions. Specific image evaluation software was used to measure the contrast and obtain an image quality figure. Phantom and detector incident air kerma were measured for all images. Image quality differences were significant, and in the range of 100-300 microGy (phantom incident air kerma) the needle-based CR system and one of the DR systems show similar image quality and they are quite superior when compared with the conventional CR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernandez
- Medical Physics Department, San Carlos University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Vano E, Ten JI, Fernandez JM, Prieto C, Ordiales JM, Martinez D. Quality control and patient dosimetry in digital radiology. On line system: new features and transportability. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 129:144-146. [PMID: 18283057 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
New features have been added to a system (QCONLINE) for auditing patient dosimetric and technical parameters 'on line', working on a digital radiology department and using the information contained in the DICOM header of some modalities. The audit of other parameters than patient doses have been included, setting alarm conditions to alert on malfunction of the X-ray system or bad operation modes, in addition to the evaluation of patient doses. A new module to analyse, collect and process the relevant information transferred by the modality performed procedure step (MPPS) service has been launched. Several examples with the exploitation of the new features are presented. The transportability of the system has been tested in two remote hospitals during several months. The new MPPS module has demonstrated to be a good tool to complement the information existing in the DICOM header. The system allows to help in the optimisation of digital radiology departments managing patient dosimetry and procedure data in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Medical Physics Department, San Carlos University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Cerón MC, García-Malea MC, Rivas J, Acien FG, Fernandez JM, Del Río E, Guerrero MG, Molina E. Antioxidant activity of Haematococcus pluvialis cells grown in continuous culture as a function of their carotenoid and fatty acid content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 74:1112-9. [PMID: 17171393 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of culture conditions on the quality of Haematococcus pluvialis biomass is assessed. Continuously grown cells have been characterised with respect to their astaxanthin, fatty acid content, and antioxidant activity and compared with those of non-growing haematocysts. Moderate limitation of nitrate availability (1.7 mM) under continuous growth conditions favoured the production of reddish palmelloid cells whose extracts possessed antioxidant activity equivalent to that of haematocyst extracts, despite the lower astaxanthin content (0.6%d.wt.), which is compensated by a higher fatty acid level (7.6%d.wt.). Green cells produced under nitrate saturation conditions (>4.7 mM) exhibit only 40% antioxidant activity than palmelloid. In addition, the major fatty acid present in palmelloid cells was oleic acid (40%f.a.), whereas, in both green cells and haematocysts, the main fatty acids were myristic, palmitic, and oleic acid (20-30%f.a. each). Biomass extracts were fractionated and analysed. The antioxidant capacity was a function of both the carotenoid and the fatty acid profiles, the antioxidant capacity of astaxanthin diesters fraction being 60% higher than astaxanthin monoesters fraction and twice than free astaxanthin. In such a way, the evaluation of the quality of H. pluvialis biomass must take into account both variables. When considering the production of H. pluvialis biomass for human consumption, special attention should be paid to the one-step continuous system approach for the generation of cells rich in both astaxanthin and fatty acids, as they have high antioxidant activity but without thick hard cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cerón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, Cañada San Urbano S/N, 04071 Almeria, Spain
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25
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Nel-Themaat L, Harding GD, Chandler JE, Chenevert JF, Damiani P, Fernandez JM, Humes PE, Pope CE, Godke RA. Quality and freezing qualities of first and second ejaculates collected from endangered Gulf Coast Native rams. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 95:251-61. [PMID: 16289553 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Gulf Coast Native sheep, or Louisiana Native sheep, is an endangered previously feral domestic sheep population of European origin that has been under natural selection pressure for reproductive survival in their transplanted range while roaming in the southern Gulf Coast Region of the United States. This sheep population has an increased natural resistance to internal parasites, breeds year-around and has a greater percentage of live lambs as compared with other breeds of sheep raised in similar environments. To preserve the genetic diversity of this important feral sheep population, semen was collected by electro-ejaculation and subjected to cryopreservation for subsequent storage in a genome resource bank. Unrelated rams (n=5) were collected 3 days-a-week, allowing at least 2 days of rest between collections. Two ejaculates were obtained from each ram per collection day, with the second collection conducted 10min after the first ejaculation. Semen was processed using the standard Salamon cryopreservation procedure in a Tris-yolk-glycerol extender, frozen in 0.5ml plastic straws using liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) vapor and stored in LN(2). Each ejaculate was evaluated for volume, sperm concentration/ml (x10(9)/ml), number of spermatozoa/ejaculate (x10(9)), sperm progressive motility (%) for pre-cooled semen, cooled semen and semen after thawing. For the five rams, each semen variable for the first ejaculate was compared with that of the second ejaculate collected 10min later. The mean semen volume, sperm concentration and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate obtained from the first ejaculate were significantly greater (P< or =0.01) than those of the second ejaculate (comparisons being 1.62 and 1.06; 3.2 and 1.5; 5.4 and 1.8, respectively). Overall, the mean motility of pre-cooled (22 degrees Celsius), cooled (5 degrees Celsius) and frozen (-196 degrees Celsius) post-thawed spermatozoa was less (P< or =0.01) in the first ejaculate (71.5, 64.8 and 34.1%, respectively) compared with that of the second ejaculate (75, 72.4 and 44.1%, respectively). Conversely, no differences were detected in loss in the percent progressive motility of sperm from cooled sperm to post-thaw sperm from the first and second ejaculates. In summary, our findings suggest sperm collected during the second ejaculate 10min after the first ejaculate of rams survives thawing with a greater rate of progressive motility than that of the first ejaculate. The ability to collect two consecutive ejaculates in a short period by electro-ejaculation could be valuable for gamete resource banking and preserving genetic diversity of the Gulf Coast Native sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nel-Themaat
- Department of Animal Sciences, 203 J.B. Francioni Hall, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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26
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Abstract
This report describes occupational radiation doses of interventional cardiologists over 15 years and assesses action undertaken to optimize radiation protection. Personal dosimetry records of nine staff cardiologists and eight interventional cardiology fellows were recorded using personal dosemeters worn over and under their lead aprons. The hospital in which this study was conducted currently performs 5000 cardiology procedures per year. The hospital has improved its facilities since 1989, when it had two old-fashioned theatres, to include four rooms with more advanced and safer equipment. Intensive radiation protection training was also implemented since 1989. Initially, some individual dose values in the range of 100-300 mSv month(-1), which risked exceeding some regulatory dose limits, were measured over the lead apron. Several doses in the range of 5-11 mSv month(-1) were recorded under the apron (mean = 10.2 mSv year(-1)). During the last 5 years of the study, after the implementation of the radiation protection actions and a programme of patient-dose optimization, the mean dose under the apron was reduced to 1.2 mSv year(-1). Current mean occupational doses recorded under the lead apron are 14% of those recorded during 1989-1992 and those recorded over the apron are 14-fold less than those recorded during 1989-1992. The regulatory dose limits and the threshold for lens injuries might have been exceeded if radiation protection facilities had not been used systematically. The most effective actions involved in reducing the radiation risk were training in radiation protection, a programme of patient-dose reduction and the systematic use of radiation protection facilities, specifically ceiling-suspended protective screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vaño
- Department of Radiology, Complutense University Medical School 28040 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Fernandez JM, Piault E, Macouillard D, Juncos C. Forty years of 90Sr in situ migration: importance of soil characterization in modeling transport phenomena. J Environ Radioact 2006; 87:209-26. [PMID: 16430998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1960 experiments were carried out on the transfer of (90)Sr between soil, grapes and wine. The experiments were conducted in situ on a piece of land limited by two control strips. The (90)Sr migration over the last 40 years was studied by performing radiological and physico-chemical characterizations of the soil on eight 70 cm deep cores. The vertical migration modeling of (90)Sr required the definition of a triple layer conceptual model integrating the rainwater infiltration at constant flux as the only external factor of influence. Afterwards the importance of a detailed soil characterization for modeling was discussed and satisfactory simulation of the (90)Sr vertical transport was obtained and showed a calculated migration rate of about 1.0 cm year(-1) in full agreement with the in situ measured values. The discussion was regarding some of the key parameters such as granulometry, organic matter content (in the Van Genuchten parameter determination), Kd and the efficient rainwater infiltration. Besides the experimental data, simplifying assumptions in modeling such as water-soil redistribution calculation and factual discontinuities in conceptual model were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernandez
- CEA-Cadarache, DTN/SMTM/LMTE, BP 1, 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
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28
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Vano E, Gonzalez L, Fernandez JM, Prieto C, Guibelalde E. Influence of patient thickness and operation modes on occupational and patient radiation doses in interventional cardiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 118:325-30. [PMID: 16439516 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Patient and staff dose values in an interventional cardiology laboratory for different operational modes and several patient thicknesses (from 16 to 28 cm, simulated using polymethylmethacrylate) are presented. When increasing patient thicknesses and depending on fluoroscopy and cine modes, occupational doses can increase >30 times the baseline level. Scatter dose rates at the cardiologist's position with no radiation protective tools ranged from 1 to 14 mSv h(-1) for fluoroscopy, and from 10 to 47 mSv h(-1) during cine acquisition. Patient entrance surface air kerma rates increased by nearly 3 and staff dose rates by up to 2.6 when fluoroscopy was moved from the low to the high mode, for a typical 20 cm thickness. The respective increase factors were 6 and 4.2 when patient thickness rose from 16 to 28 cm, and by 10 and 8.3, when comparing cine acquisition with the low fluoroscopy mode. The knowledge of typical dose rates for each X-ray system in use in catheterisation laboratories is essential in order to optimise protection of patients and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Radiology Department, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Chan PS, West JW, Bernard JK, Fernandez JM. Effects of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Intake, Milk Yield, and Blood Components of the Early Lactation Cow. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:4384-92. [PMID: 16291630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early lactation Holsteins cows (15 primiparous and 18 multiparous) were offered rations with dietary cation-anion difference, calculated as mEq (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of feed dry matter (DCAD:S), of 20, 35, or 50 mEq from d 0 (calving) to 42 d postpartum (August 20, 2000 to January 9, 2001) to determine the effects of increasing DCAD:S on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and blood metabolites. For DCAD:S of 20, 35, and 50, DMI was 3.30, 3.38, 2.96 kg/100 kg of body weight (BW); milk yield was 25.5, 24.2, and 22.4 kg/d, respectively. No differences were observed for concentration or yield of milk fat or milk protein. Serum Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, cation-anion difference, insulin, and glucose did not differ with DCAD. Serum HCO3- was 26.07, 25.88, and 27.64 mEq/L for 20, 35, and 50 DCAD:S. Serum Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations were greater for primiparous cows (9.52 mg/dL, 2.35 mg/dL, 140.03 mEq/L, 4.66 mEq/L, respectively) than for multiparous cows (9.27 mg/dL, 2.12 mg/dL, 137.63 mEq/L, 4.46 mEq/ L, respectively). A DCAD:S between 23 and 33 mEq/100 g of dry matter (DM) appears to be adequate during cool weather for the milk yield that occurred in the present study based on DMI (kg/100 kg of BW), whereas DCAD:S of 50 mEq/100 g of DM may be excessive and could be too alkaline or unpalatable, resulting in decreased DMI (kg/100 kg of BW).
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Chan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, 31793-0748, USA
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Fichez R, Harris PA, Fernandez JM, Chevillon C, Badie C. Sediment records of past anthropogenic environmental changes in a barrier reef lagoon (Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia). Mar Pollut Bull 2005; 50:599-608. [PMID: 15907504 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Fichez
- Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.
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31
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Melton SA, Keenan MJ, Stanciu CE, Hegsted M, Zablah-Pimentel EM, O'Neil CE, Gaynor P, Schaffhauser A, Owen K, Prisby RD, LaMotte LL, Fernandez JM. L-Carnitine Supplementation does not Promote Weight Loss in Ovariectomized Rats Despite Endurance Exercise. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2005; 75:156-60. [PMID: 15929637 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.75.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this five-week study, we tested the hypotheses that free access to a maintenance diet supplemented with L-carnitine (L-C) would reduce body fat in adult, sedentary, ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and that there would be an additive effect of L-C on weight reduction in swim-trained animals. As expected, serum carnitine was higher in rats fed the L-C diet, and the OVX-induced weight gain and abdominal fat were counteracted by swimming. L-C supplementation did not reduce the weight gain or abdominal fat in these adult female rats. Moreover, though not reaching statistical significance, rats that were fed L-C demonstrated a tendency for greater weight gain than their basal-fed counterparts despite no difference in energy intake. If the results of this study on ovariectomized rats can be translated to postmenopausal women, moderate intensity exercise may be recommended, but L-C supplementation, with no energy restriction, may be contraindicated as a weight loss method in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Melton
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health Sciences, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
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Vano E, Fernandez JM, Ten JI, Gonzalez L, Guibelalde E, Prieto C. Patient dosimetry and image quality in digital radiology from online audit of the X-ray system. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2005; 117:199-203. [PMID: 16461529 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes an online patient dosimetry and an image quality system in digital radiology. For the patient dosimetry audit, current mean values of entrance surface dose (ESD) were compared with local and national reference values (RVs) for the specific examination type evaluated. Mean values exceeding the RV trigger an alarm signal and then an evaluation of the technical parameters, operational practice and image quality was begun, using data available in the DICOM header to derive any abnormal settings or performance to obtain the image. The X-ray tube output for different kVp values is measured periodically, to allow for the automatic calculation of ESD. The system allows also for image audit, linking the dose imparted, the image quality and the alarm condition, if produced. Results and the benefits derived from this online quality control are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Medical Physics Service, San Carlos University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Vano E, Gonzalez L, Guibelalde E, Aviles P, Fernandez JM, Prieto C, Galvan C. Evaluation of risk of deterministic effects in fluoroscopically guided procedures. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2005; 117:190-4. [PMID: 16461530 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for the evaluation of skin dose distribution and possible skin injuries on patients undergoing interventional procedures has been developed as part of the European DIMOND programme. Relevant dosimetric data from the procedures are recorded and other specific measurements for skin dose evaluation (slow films for therapy, radiochromic films, thermoluminescence dosemeters and optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters) have been carried out. For non-cardiac and for some cardiac procedures, dose-area product values of 200 and 300 Gy cm2 were proposed, respectively, as a trigger level for further detailed skin dose investigation and possible clinical follow-up. Results from a survey of 191 selected complex procedures are reported. Out of all the patients included in the trial, 16% received skin doses > or =1.5 Gy. No skin injuries were found in any of the patients followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Medical Physics Service, San Carlos University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Rivas E, Teijeira S, dos Santos MR, Porrit I, Leturcq F, Fernandez JM, Navarro C. Beta-sarcoglycanopathy (LGMD 2E) in a Spanish family. Acta Myol 2004; 23:159-62. [PMID: 15938574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Out of 10 autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies reported, 4 are caused by mutations in the genes encoding for sarcoglycans (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-SG). Beta-sarcoglycanopathy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2E) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder which usually presents a severe progressive clinical course. A complete immunohistochemical evaluation of the sarcoglycan complex should be carried out to direct the mutation analysis approach. The present report concerns a Spanish family with a genetically confirmed beta-sarcoglycanopathy. The patient, a 16-year-old female, offspring of a consanguineous marriage, developed a severe limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with a Duchenne-like phenotype. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophic changes and complete absence of the four sarcoglycans. Genetic analysis demonstrated homozygosis for the M100K missense mutation in exon 3, encoding for the proximal extracellular domain. The parents and one sister were found to be carriers. Missense mutations affecting this domain result in the instability of the entire sarcoglycan complex and lead to severe phenotypes as seen in non-sense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rivas
- Pathology and Neuropathology Service, Meixoeiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain
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Shelton JL, Matthews JO, Southern LL, Higbie AD, Bidner TD, Fernandez JM, Pontif JE. Effect of nonwaxy and waxy sorghum on growth, carcass traits, and glucose and insulin kinetics of growing-finishing barrows and gilts12. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:1699-706. [PMID: 15216997 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8261699x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nonwaxy (amylose and amylopectin starch) or waxy (amylopectin starch) sorghum on growth, carcass traits, and glucose and insulin kinetics of pigs. In Exp. 1 (95-d), 60 crossbred barrows or gilts (initial and final BW of 24 and 104 kg) were allotted to three treatments with five replications of four pigs per replicate pen in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diet, 2) sorghum-SBM (red pericarp, non-waxy), and 3) sorghum-SBM (red pericarp, waxy). In Exp. 2, 28 crossbred barrows (initial and final BW of 24 and 64 kg) were allotted to two treatments with three replications of four or five pigs per replicate pen in a randomized complete block design. Growth data were collected for 49 d, and then 20 barrows were fitted with jugular catheters, and then a glucose tolerance test (500 mg glucose/kg BW), an insulin challenge test (0.1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW), and a feeding challenge were conducted. The dietary treatments for Exp. 2 were 1) sorghum-SBM (white pericarp, nonwaxy) and 2) sorghum-SBM (white pericarp, waxy). In Exp. 1, ADG (P = 0.10) and ADFI (as-fed basis; P = 0.02) were increased (P = 0.10) and gain:feed was decreased (P = 0.04) in pigs fed the sorghum-SBM diets relative to those fed the C-SBM diet. These responses may have resulted from the lower energy content of sorghum relative to corn. Plasma NEFA concentration (collected after a 16-h fast on d 77) was decreased (P = 0.08) in pigs fed the waxy sorghum-SBM diet relative to those fed the nonwaxy sorghum-SBM diet. Kilograms of carcass fat was decreased (P = 0.07) in pigs fed the waxy sorghum-SBM diet relative to those fed the nonwaxy sorghum-SBM diet. In Exp. 2, there was no effect (P = 0.57 to 0.93) of sorghum starch type on growth performance by pigs. During the glucose tolerance and insulin challenge tests, there were no effects (P = 0.16 to 0.98) of diet on glucose or insulin kinetics. During the feeding challenge, glucose (P = 0.02) and plasma urea N (P = 0.06) area under the response curves from 0 to 90 min were decreased in pigs fed the waxy sorghum-SBM diet. Feeding waxy sorghum had minimal effects on growth and carcass traits relative to pigs fed corn or nonwaxy sorghum. Waxy sorghum vs. nonwaxy sorghum had no effect on glucose or insulin kinetics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Shelton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-4210, USA
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Walz LS, Ellis WC, White TW, Matis JH, Bateman HG, Williams CC, Fernandez JM, Gentry LR. Flow paths of plant tissue residues and digesta through gastrointestinal segments in Spanish goats and methodological considerations1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:508-20. [PMID: 14974550 DOI: 10.2527/2004.822508x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A sequence of eight twice-daily meals, each marked with different rare earth elements, was fed to 24 Spanish goats (BW = 20.6 +/- 1.94 kg) to produce meal-based profiles of rare earth markers within segments of the gastrointestinal digesta on subsequent slaughter. Accumulative mean residence time and time delay of rare earths and segmental and accumulative mean residence times of indigestible NDF (IDF) were estimated for each sampled segment. Diets consisted of ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay with a limit feeding of one of four supplements: 1) minerals (basal, B); 2) B + energy (E); 3) B + CP (CP); or 4) B + E + CP for 84 d. Mean daily intake (g/kg of BW) during the 5 d before slaughter differed (P < 0.05) via diet for DM but not for IDF (8.0 +/- 0.35 g/kg of BW). Larger estimates of cumulative mean residence time for IDF vs. rare earths were suggested to be the consequence of a meal-induced bias in the single measurement of IDF pool size by anatomical site. The rare earth compartment method was considered more reliable than the IDF pool dilution method because it yielded flow estimates based on the flux of eight meal-dosed rare earth markers over 4 d and was independent of anatomical definitions of pool size. Statistically indistinguishable estimates for gastrointestinal mean residence times for IDF and rare earths conform to assumed indelibility for the specifically applied rare earths and indigestibility of IDF. The potentially digestible NDF (PDF):IDF ratio of dietary fragments (0.8) progressively decreased in the following order: caudodorsal reticulorumen (0.390) > crainodorsal reticulorumen (0.357) approximately reticulum (0.354) > mid-dorsal reticulorumen (0.291) approximately ventral reticulorumen (0.286), to that within the omasal folds and in the abomasum (0.259). Such a gradient of progressively aging mixture of plant tissue fragments is consistent with age-dependent flow paths established in the reticulorumen and flowing to the omasum and abomasum. Such heterogeneity of fragment ages within the reticulorumen is also indicated by the superior fit of marker dose site double dagger marker sampling site model assumptions. Additionally, cyclic meal- and rumination-induced variations in escape rate occur. Estimates of mean escape rates over days, needed for the practice of ruminant nutrition, must consider the complex interactions among plant tissues and the dynamics of their ruminal digestion of PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Walz
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-4210, USA
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Guibelalde E, Vano E, Gonzalez L, Prieto C, Fernandez JM, Ten JI. Short communication: Practical aspects for the evaluation of skin doses in interventional cardiology using a new slow film. Br J Radiol 2003; 76:332-6. [PMID: 12763949 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/47455149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping skin doses in complex fluoroscopy interventions is useful to determine the probability of a possible injury, to detect areas of overlapping irradiation fields and to obtain a permanent register of the most exposed patient skin areas. To fulfil this task, large films with slow X-ray response can be used. Recently, Kodak has introduced a new radiotherapy verification film, named EDR2 (Extended Dose Range). The aim of this paper is to analyse the possibilities of using this new film for estimating skin dose distributions in interventions with potentially higher doses, such as complex percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), intravascular brachytherapy procedures (IVB) or cardiac ablations. The EDR2 film by Kodak is an improved option to be used in interventional cardiology to obtain maps of patient skin doses and to estimate maximum skin doses up to 1400 mGy. Film kVp dependence is negligible and the processor conditions can be standardized to obtain skin dose estimations. The linear range for accurate dose measurements is from 50 mGy to 500 mGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guibelalde
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Radiology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Vano E, Prieto C, Fernandez JM, Gonzalez L, Sabate M, Galvan C. Skin dose and dose-area product values in patients undergoing intracoronary brachytherapy. Br J Radiol 2003; 76:32-8. [PMID: 12595323 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/33961719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Entrance skin doses, dose-area product (DAP) values, fluoroscopy times and digital cine acquisition data were measured for 86 patients undergoing intracoronary brachytherapy procedures with beta sources, to estimate risk of skin injuries. Interventions were carried out in three dedicated X-ray interventional cardiology rooms equipped with X-ray systems operating in pulsed modes, with high filtration and edge filter options. Skin dose distribution was analysed in detail in 56 patients using slow films and thermoluminescent dosimetry. Digital recording of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine cine images also allowed analysis of the technical parameters used throughout the procedures. A protocol for clinical follow-up of these patients at the cardiology service is also presented, which prescribes special attention when a threshold dose is reached. Median values for DAP, fluoroscopy time and number of frames were 81.2 Gy cm(2), 17.5 min and 1569 frames, respectively, and maximum values were 323.3 Gy cm(2), 46.2 min and 3213 frames, respectively. In two cases, maximum skin doses in a procedure reached 3.5 Gy and 4.6 Gy. Comparing median values in this study, intracoronary brachytherapy involved approximately two-fold the DAP used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures performed during the same period in the same catheterization laboratories, as a consequence of the need to monitor the radioactive source location used for the treatment of stenoses and the intravascular ultrasound. Special care must be paid in those cases of high dose in relation to potential patient skin injuries and late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vano
- Interventional Cardiology Service, San Carlos University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Stanley CC, Williams CC, Jenny BF, Fernandez JM, Bateman HG, Nipper WA, Lovejoy JC, Gantt DT, Goodier GE. Effects of feeding milk replacer once versus twice daily on glucose metabolism in Holstein and Jersey calves. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85:2335-43. [PMID: 12362466 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen Holstein (experiment 1) and 15 Jersey (experiment 2) heifer calves were fed milk replacer once or twice daily to determine effects of feeding frequency on weight gain, starter intake, and glucose metabolism. Body weights were measured weekly from birth to 8 wk. Blood samples were collected at wk 1 through 6 from all calves before and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the morning feeding. Plasma was analyzed for glucose, insulin, glucagon, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Urine was collected 90 min postfeeding to measure glucose concentration. Treatment did not affect mean starter intake or body weight. In experiments 1 and 2 mean plasma glucagon, glucose, NEFA, and insulin and urinary glucose concentrations were not affected by treatment. There was an interaction of sampling time and treatment for plasma insulin concentrations but not for glucose concentrations in both experiments. Following feeding, calves fed milk replacer once daily had higher insulin concentrations than those fed twice daily. There was an interaction of sampling time and treatment for plasma NEFA concentrations in Jersey calves only. Jersey calves fed milk replacer once daily had higher plasma NEFA concentrations before the morning milk replacer feeding. At wk 3 and 6, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed to assess glucose effectiveness, insulin sensitivity, and acute insulin response. In experiments 1 and 2 glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity were similar regardless of milk replacer feeding frequency. In Holstein and Jersey calves fed milk replacer twice daily, acute insulin response was greater than in calves fed once daily. However, insulin sensitivity decreased with age, while acute insulin response increased with age. These data suggest that feeding calves milk replacer once daily did not deleteriously affect performance or glucose metabolism regardless of breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Stanley
- Department of Dairy Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Sanchez D, Zudaire JJ, Fernandez JM, Lopez J, Arocena J, Sanz G, Gimenez M, Rosell D, Robles JE, Berian JM. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in the evaluation of nonseminomatous germ cell tumours at relapse. BJU Int 2002; 89:912-6. [PMID: 12010239 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the performance of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) in the follow-up of nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) in the retroperitoneum. PATIENTS AND METHODS FDG-PET was used 25 times in 15 patients diagnosed with NSGCT. At the time of diagnosis five patients each were in stage I, II and III. Five patients had pure embryonal carcinoma, two had yolk sac tumours, one choriocarcinoma and seven had mixed tumours. RESULTS Eleven patients either presented with retroperitoneal disease or this did not disappear after chemotherapy. The results of both examinations coincided in 18 cases and were contradictory in the other seven, the difference being statistically significant (P=0.042). CONCLUSION In these patients FDG-PET detected the retroperitoneal relapse of NSGCT, in advanced stages treated with surgery plus chemotherapy, earlier than did CT; it also detected the presence of mature teratoma in residual retroperitoneal masses more accurately than CT. More extensive trials are needed before making conclusions about FDG-PET imaging as a routine method for NSGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanchez
- Department of Urology, Facultad di Medicina, Clinica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Efimov VA, Chakhmakhcheva OG, Archdeacon J, Fernandez JM, Fedorkin ON, Dorokhov YL, Atabekov JG. Detection of the 5'-cap structure of messenger RNAs with the use of the cap-jumping approach. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:4751-9. [PMID: 11713326 PMCID: PMC92527 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.22.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2001] [Revised: 08/28/2001] [Accepted: 09/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective procedure for specific determination of the cap structure at the 5'-terminus of mRNA and for isolation of the corresponding full-length cDNA has been developed. The procedure involves covalent attachment of an oligonucleotide template extender to the 5'-cap structure of mRNA followed by RT-PCR using M-MLV SuperScript II reverse transcriptase. In the course of reverse transcription, the enzyme 'jumps over' the cap structure and includes the sequence complementary to the oligonucleotide template extender into the 3'-end of the first cDNA strand. The cap-jumping method was successfully tested using some mammalian cellular mRNAs, genomic RNAs of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) U1 and the recently isolated crucifer-infecting tobamovirus. Moreover, cDNA products corresponding to the genomic tobamovirus RNA were obtained from total RNA extracted from tobacco plants infected by crucifer-infecting tobamovirus or tobacco mosaic virus. Using the cap-jumping method, we have shown for the first time that genomic crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV) RNA contains a 5'-cap structure. This improved method can be recommended for the construction of full-length and 5'-end enriched cDNA libraries, identification of capped RNAs and determination of their 5'-terminal sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Efimov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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De La Peña A, Izaguirre R, Baños G, Viveros M, Enriquez RG, Fernandez JM. Effect of perezone, aminoperezone and their corresponding isomers isoperezone and isoaminoperezone upon in vitro platelet aggregation. Phytomedicine 2001; 8:465-468. [PMID: 11824522 DOI: 10.1078/s0944-7113(04)70066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect on platelet aggregation of perezone, isoperezone, aminoperezone and isoaminoperezone has been determined in human platelets, using adenosinediphosphate (ADP), epinephrine and collagen as inducers. Perezone inhibited ADP- epinephrine- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation; isoperezone, aminoperezone and isoaminoperezone did not. The difference in biological responses could be the result of their structures. While isoperezone, aminoperezone and isoaminoperezone have carbonyl groups in the vicinity of other functional groups, this is not the case for perezone, in which one of the carbonyl groups has an adjacent free position.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De La Peña
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chávez, Mexico, DF.
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Li H, Oberhauser AF, Redick SD, Carrion-Vazquez M, Erickson HP, Fernandez JM. Multiple conformations of PEVK proteins detected by single-molecule techniques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10682-6. [PMID: 11526214 PMCID: PMC58526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.191189098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of muscle elasticity is the PEVK region of titin, so named because of the preponderance of these amino acids. However, the PEVK region, similar to other elastomeric proteins, is thought to form a random coil and therefore its structure cannot be determined by standard techniques. Here we combine single-molecule electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to examine the conformations of the human cardiac titin PEVK region. In contrast to a simple random coil, we have found that cardiac PEVK shows a wide range of elastic conformations with end-to-end distances ranging from 9 to 24 nm and persistence lengths from 0.4 to 2.5 nm. Individual PEVK molecules retained their distinctive elastic conformations through many stretch-relaxation cycles, consistent with the view that these PEVK conformers cannot be interconverted by force. The multiple elastic conformations of cardiac PEVK may result from varying degrees of proline isomerization. The single-molecule techniques demonstrated here may help elucidate the conformation of other proteins that lack a well-defined structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- T Basché
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Manzanares MC, Franch J, Carvalho P, Belmonte AM, Tusell J, Franch B, Fernandez JM, Clèries L, Morenza JL. BS-SEM evaluation of the tissular interactions between cortical bone and calcium-phosphate covered titanium implants. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 2001; 43:100-8. [PMID: 11938587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of the reliability of the contact between the osseous tissues and the implant materials has been tested by recovering the metallic implants with ceramic materials, usually calcium phosphates. In our study, the calcium phosphate recovering layers were deposited by means of a pulsed-laser deposition technique. Our aim was to to evaluate the tissue interactions established between cortical bone and titanium implants covered by five different layers, ranging from amorphous calcium phosphate to crystalline hydroxyapatite, obtained by altering the parameters of the laser ablation process. The surgical protocol of the study consisted in the simultaneous implantation of the five types of implants in both the tibial dyaphisis of three Beagle dogs, sacrificed respectively one, two and three months after the last surgical procedures. After the sacrifice, the samples were submitted to a scheduled procedure of embedding in plastic polymers without prior decalcification, in order to perform the ultrastructural studies: scanning microscopy with secondary and backscattered electrons (BS-SEM). Our observations show that both in terms of the calcified tissues appearing as a response to the presence of the different coatings and of time of recovering, the implants coated with crystalline calcium phosphate layers by laser ablation present a better result than the amorphous-calcium-phosphate-coated implants. Moreover, the constant presence of chondroid tissue, related with the mechanical induction by forces applied on the recovering area, strongly suggests that the mechanisms implied in osteointegration are related to endomembranous, rather than endochondral ossification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Manzanares
- Laboratorio de Tejidos Calcificados, Unidad de Anatomía-Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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Matthews JO, Southern LL, Fernandez JM, Pontif JE, Bidner TD, Odgaard RL. Effect of chromium picolinate and chromium propionate on glucose and insulin kinetics of growing barrows and on growth and carcass traits of growing-finishing barrows. J Anim Sci 2001; 79:2172-8. [PMID: 11518226 DOI: 10.2527/2001.7982172x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary Cr tripicolinate (CrPic) or Cr propionate (CrProp) on growth, carcass traits, plasma metabolites, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in pigs. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows (12 per treatment; initial and final BW were 20 and 38 kg) were allotted to the following treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), 2) as 1 + 200 ppb Cr as CrPic, or 3) as 1 + 200 ppb Cr as CrProp. Growth performance data were collected for 28 d, and then 23 pigs (seven, eight, and eight pigs for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were fitted with jugular catheters and a glucose tolerance test (500 mg glucose/kg BW) and an insulin challenge test (0.1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW) were conducted. Both CrPic and CrProp decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI but did not affect gain:feed (P > 0.10). Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, urea N, insulin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:total cholesterol concentrations were not affected (P > 0.10) by either Cr source. Pigs fed CrPic had lower (P < 0.02) fasting plasma NEFA concentrations than control pigs, but plasma NEFA concentrations of pigs fed CrProp were not affected (P > 0.10). During the glucose tolerance test, glucose and insulin kinetics were not affected by treatment (P > 0.10). During the insulin challenge test, glucose clearance was increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed CrProp but not affected (P > 0.10) in pigs fed CrPic. Glucose half-life was decreased (P < 0.03) in pigs fed CrPic or CrProp, but insulin kinetics were not affected (P > 0.10). In Exp. 2, 48 barrows (four replicates of four pigs per replicate; initial and final BW were 23 and 115 kg) were allotted to the same dietary treatments in a growing-finishing study. Average daily gain, ADFI, and gain:feed were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. Carcass length tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in pigs fed CrPic than in pigs fed CrProp, but other carcass measurements were not affected (P > 0.10). Glucose kinetics from the insulin challenge test indicate that both CrPic and CrProp increase insulin sensitivity and that both Cr sources are bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Matthews
- Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-4210, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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McCormick ME, Ward JD, Redfearn DD, French DD, Blouin DC, Chapa AM, Fernandez JM. Supplemental dietary protein for grazing dairy cows: effect on pasture intake and lactation performance. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:896-907. [PMID: 11352166 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One hundred twenty-four cows (92 multiparous and 32 primiparous) were used to evaluate the effect of grain supplements containing high crude protein [(22.8% CP, 5.3% rumen undegradable protein (RUP), dry matter basis], moderate CP (16.6% CP, 6.1% RUP), and moderate CP with supplemental RUP (16.2% CP, 10.8% RUP) on lactation performance of Holstein cows rotationally grazing annual ryegrass-oat pastures. Supplemental protein was provided by solvent extracted soybean meal in the high CP and moderate CP supplements and as a corn gluten meal-blood meal mixture (2.8:1) in the moderate CP, high RUP supplement. Cows were blocked according to previous mature milk equivalent production and calving date (partum group; 0 d in milk or postpartum group; 21 to 65 d in milk) and randomly assigned to dietary treatments. Grain was individually fed, at approximately a 1:3 grain to milk ratio, before a.m. and p.m milkings. The study was replicated during two grazing seasons that averaged 199 d. Cows had ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay while on pasture (dry matter intake = 1.3 kg/d). Protein supplementation had no effect on study long pasture dry matter (12.7 +/- 1.0 kg/d) or total dry matter (23.9 +/- 1.2 kg/d) consumption. Protein concentration did not affect actual milk yield of either calving group (high CP vs. moderate CP); however, postpartum group cows receiving high CP grain supplements maintained greater milk fat concentrations (3.34 vs. 3.11%), which led to higher fat-corrected milk (FCM) yields than control cows receiving moderate CP grain diets (30.3 vs. 28.9 kg/d). Crude protein concentration in milk of high CP-supplemented, postpartum group cows was also higher than moderate CP cows (3.42 vs. 3.27%). Additional RUP did not increase FCM yield above that generated by moderate CP grain diets for partum (34.3 vs. 32.9 kg/d) or postpartum-group cows (28.9 vs. 28.2 kg/d). Increasing CP concentration of grain supplement did not affect milk yield of Holstein cows grazing immature winter annual pastures. Supplementing additional RUP was without benefit, indicating that in this study energy deprivation may have been the major nutritional constraint for high-producing dairy cows grazing lush pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E McCormick
- Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Franklinton 70438, USA.
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Chapa AM, McCormick ME, Fernandez JM, French DD, Ward JD, Beatty JF. Supplemental Dietary Protein for Grazing Dairy Cows: Reproduction, Condition Loss, Plasma Metabolites, and Insulin. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:908-16. [PMID: 11352167 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to investigate the influence of grain crude protein (CP) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) concentration on reproduction and energy status of dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and oats (Avena sativa). Holstein cows (n = 122) were blocked by calving group [partum (0 d postpartum) vs. postpartum (41 +/- 19 d postpartum at study initiation)] and assigned to grain supplements containing high CP [22.8% of dry matter (DM)], moderate CP (16.6%), or moderate CP (16.2%)] supplemented with RUP from blood meal and corn gluten meal. Postpartum condition loss was greater and first-service pregnancy rate was lower for partum-group cows receiving high CP grain supplements compared with control cows receiving moderate CP supplements. The RUP supplements reduced grain consumption, increased days to first estrus, and reduced first-service pregnancy rate of partum-group cows. The reproduction of postpartum group cows was unaffected by protein supplements. Plasma urea nitrogen was higher for cows fed high CP diets, but plasma ammonia nitrogen, glycated hemoglobin, nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydoxybutyrate, glucose, and insulin concentrations were similar to cows fed moderate CP. Excess postpartum condition loss, coupled with inconsistent protein supplement effects on days to first service and first-service pregnancy rate, suggest that energy deprivation may have contributed to the low fertility experienced by grazing cows in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Chapa
- Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803-4210, USA
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Carrion-Vazquez M, Oberhauser AF, Fisher TE, Marszalek PE, Li H, Fernandez JM. Mechanical design of proteins studied by single-molecule force spectroscopy and protein engineering. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2001; 74:63-91. [PMID: 11106807 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(00)00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical unfolding and refolding may regulate the molecular elasticity of modular proteins with mechanical functions. The development of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) has recently enabled the dynamic measurement of these processes at the single-molecule level. Protein engineering techniques allow the construction of homomeric polyproteins for the precise analysis of the mechanical unfolding of single domains. alpha-Helical domains are mechanically compliant, whereas beta-sandwich domains, particularly those that resist unfolding with backbone hydrogen bonds between strands perpendicular to the applied force, are more stable and appear frequently in proteins subject to mechanical forces. The mechanical stability of a domain seems to be determined by its hydrogen bonding pattern and is correlated with its kinetic stability rather than its thermodynamic stability. Force spectroscopy using AFM promises to elucidate the dynamic mechanical properties of a wide variety of proteins at the single molecule level and provide an important complement to other structural and dynamic techniques (e.g., X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, patch-clamp).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrion-Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Foundation, 1-159 Medical Sciences Building, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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