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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a novel endoscopic therapy for severe asthma. Traditionally it is performed in three separate treatment sessions, targeting different portions of the lung, and each requires an anaesthetic and hospital admission. Compression of treatment into 2 sessions would present a more convenient alternative for patients. In this prospective observational study, the safety of compressing BT into two treatment sessions was compared with the traditional 3 treatment approach. METHODS Sixteen patients meeting ERS/ATS criteria for severe asthma consented to participate in an accelerated treatment schedule (ABT), which treated the whole left lung followed by the right lung four weeks later. The short-term outcomes of these patients were compared with 37 patients treated with conventional BT scheduling (CBT). The outcome measures used to assess safety were (1) the requirement to remain in hospital beyond the electively planned 24-h admission and (2) the need for re-admission for any cause within of 30 days of treatment. RESULTS The total number of radiofrequency activations delivered in the ABT group was similar to CBT (187 ± 21 vs 176 ± 40, p = 0.326). With ABT, 11 in 31 admissions (37.9%) required prolonged admission due to wheezing, compared to 5.4% with CBT (p = 0.0025). The mean hospital length of stay with ABT was 1.8 ± 1.3 days, compared to 1.1 ± 0.4 days (p < 0.001). ICU monitoring was required on 5 occasions with ABT (16.1%), compared to 0.9% with CBT (p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that females were more likely to require prolonged admission (OR 11.6, p = 0.0025). The 30-day hospital readmission rate was similar for both groups (6.4% vs 5.4%, p = 0.67). All patients made a complete recovery after treatment with similar outcomes at the 6-month follow-up reassessment. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ABT results in greater short-term deterioration in lung function associated with a greater risk of prolonged hospital and ICU stay, predominantly affecting females. Therefore, in females, these risks need to be balanced against the convenience of fewer treatment sessions. In males, it may be an advantage to compress treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Koshy
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Kim Bennetts
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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Jiang L, Xie LL, Yan SQ, Cao H, Gu CL, Cai ZL, Gao GP, Wang H, Chen JF, Sha J, Tao FB. [Effect of early-life antibiotic exposure on allergic symptoms in children aged 6-11 months and 18-23 months based a birth cohort study]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:598-605. [PMID: 34034399 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210316-00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the associations between prenatal and 1-year-old exposure to antibiotics and allergic symptoms in children aged 6-11 months and 18-23 months. Methods: In this study, a prospective birth cohort study was adopted. A total of 2 122 pregnant women were enrolled in Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan from June 2015 to June 2016, and they were followed up from the beginning of pregnancy to children's 24 months of age. Excluding 564 pairs of mothers and children who were lost to follow-up or with incomplete information on the use of antibiotics and children's allergic symptoms, a total of 1 558 pairs of mothers and children were included in the analysis of this study. The parents and children's general demographic information, early-life antibiotic exposure and other data were collected, the information about allergic symptoms in children aged 6-11 months and 18-23 months were investigated by reference to the "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)". The univariate and multivariate binary unconditional logistic regression model was used to was used to estimate associations between the effects of early-life antibiotic exposure on allergic symptoms in 2-year-old children. Results: The antibiotic usage rate of pregnant women during pregnancy was 3.4% (53), and the antibiotic usage rates of children between 0 to 2 months, 3 to 5 months, and 6 to 11 months were separately 15.2%(237), 15.5%(242) and 17.3%(269). The total prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 6 to 11 months was 24.1% (375 children), and the total prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 18 to 23 months was 22.0% (342 children). After adjust parental (maternal) education level, family monthly income per capita, parental (maternal) allergy history, parental (maternal) age at pregnancy, mother's Body Mass Index (BMI) before pregnancy, exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy, delivery method, child gender, birth weight, preterm birth, the use of antibiotics when children were 3-5 months old (RR=1.61,95%CI:1.19-2.17) and 6-11 months old (RR=1.43,95%CI:1.06-1.93) were the risk factors for allergic symptoms at 6-11 months of age; and the use of antibiotics when children were 0-2 months old (RR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.03-1.95), 3-5 months old (RR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.12-2.11) and 6-11 months old (RR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.17-2.14) were the risk factors for allergic symptoms at 18-23 months of age. Conclusion: Children's exposure to antibiotics within 1 year of age was a risk factor for allergic symptoms in children aged 6-11 months and 18-23 months, children should avoid unnecessary antibiotic use in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - L L Xie
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - S Q Yan
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - H Cao
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - C L Gu
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - Z L Cai
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - G P Gao
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - J F Chen
- Perinatal Health Center, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - J Sha
- Perinatal Health Center, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, Ma'anshan 243011, China
| | - F B Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Sha J, Worsnop CJ, Leaver BA, Vagias C, Kinsella P, Rahman MA, McDonald CF. Hospitalised exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: adherence to guideline recommendations in an Australian teaching hospital. Intern Med J 2021; 50:453-459. [PMID: 31157943 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reduces patient morbidity and healthcare system burden. COPD guidelines, including the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and the COPD-X Plan, provide evidence-based recommendations, but adherence in hospital practice is variable. AIMS To examine current practice in management of COPD exacerbations at an Australian teaching hospital and to compare with COPD-X Plan recommendations. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records for admissions occurring during 1 May to 31 August 2016, and compared with recommendations from the COPD-X Plan. RESULTS A total of 134 patients (n = 68 females) was admitted for a COPD exacerbation during the study period. Mean age was 75.4 ± 10.2 years and 33.6% were current smokers. Airflow obstruction on spirometry was confirmed in 67.2% (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 53 ± 22% predicted (1.2 ± 0.5 L)). Excellent adherence to the COPD-X Plan was demonstrated in the ordering of chest radiographs (97%) and electrocardiograms (94%). Supplemental oxygen was appropriately provided to all patients with oxygen saturation of <88%. All patients with confirmed hypercapnic respiratory failure were managed with non-invasive ventilation. Corticosteroids and bronchodilators were prescribed for the majority of patients. Areas of suboptimal practice included inadequate usage of arterial blood gases, excess supplemental oxygen in the absence of hypoxaemia, over-prescription of intravenous antimicrobials, low referral rates to pulmonary rehabilitation and insufficient smoking cessation counselling. CONCLUSIONS Level of adherence to guideline recommendations in the management of COPD exacerbations is inadequate and further strategies are required to elevate standards of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sha
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Worsnop
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Leaver
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Vagias
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Kinsella
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muhammad A Rahman
- La Trobe University/Austin Health Clinical School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine F McDonald
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Langton D, Sha J, Guo S, Sharp J, Banks C, Wang W, Plummer V, Thien F. Bronchial thermoplasty versus mepolizumab: Comparison of outcomes in a severe asthma clinic. Respirology 2020; 25:1243-1249. [PMID: 32365431 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE BT and interleukin-blocking monoclonal antibodies are both effective therapies for severe asthma, but there have been no direct comparisons between the two treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of BT and mepolizumab, in a real-world setting. METHODS Patients with severe asthma despite optimized inhaler therapy were drawn from a severe asthma clinic in a tertiary hospital. Every patient commencing therapy with BT or mepolizumab was prospectively included in a national registry. At predetermined assessment points over a 12-month period, assessments were made of ACQ, spirometry, oral corticosteroid requiring exacerbations, reliever medication and maintenance oral corticosteroid use. RESULTS A total of 91 patients with severe asthma participated: mean ACQ score 3.5 ± 1.0, FEV1 51.4 ± 17.7%, maintenance oral steroids 48.3% and 11.5 ± 10.0 inhalations/day reliever therapy. Forty-seven patients received mepolizumab and 44 received BT. Baseline characteristics were similar except significantly higher blood eosinophil count in the mepolizumab group. At 12 months, there were no differences between treatment outcomes for ACQ (1.9 ± 1.3 mepolizumab vs 1.7 ± 1.3 BT), exacerbation rate (0.9 ± 1.1 vs 0.9 ± 1.5), reduction in reliever use (-6.3 ± 10.5 vs -5.0 ± 8.8 puffs/day) or reduction in oral corticosteroids (-3.3 ± 7.5 vs - 5.8 ± 6.7 mg/day). The FEV1 improved equally (160 ± 290 vs 150 ± 460 mL). Readmission or prolonged admission was observed in 18.2% of BT patients, whilst 25.5% of mepolizumab patients had discontinued treatment at 12 months, 14.9% due to an adverse event or non-compliance. CONCLUSION The results suggest that BT is as efficacious as mepolizumab for the treatment of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzy Guo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Sharp
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ceri Banks
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wu JB, Sha J, Zhai JF, Liu Y, Zhang B. Prenatal diagnosis of maternal partial trisomy 9p23p24.3 and 14q11.2q21.3 in a fetus: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:6. [PMID: 32055256 PMCID: PMC7006427 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to report a fetus with maternal partial trisomy 9p and 14q and the phenotype detected in ultrasound. Methods The chromosome rearrangements in the fetus were characterized by G-banding and chromosome microarray analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array of cultured amniocytes and compared with the parents’ karyotypes. Results The fetal abnormal karyotype was 47,XY,+der(14)(9;14)(p23;q22). The SNP array revealed a duplicate 11.8-Mb 9p23-p24.3 fragment and a duplicate 29.6-Mb 14q11.2-q21.3 fragment. The peripheral blood karyotype of the mother was 46,XX,t(9;14)(p23;q22), while the father’s was normal at the level of 300~400 bands. A high-resolution karyotype analysis conformed the same abnormality of the mother at the level of 550~650 bands. These results indicated that the fetal chromosomal abnormality probably derived from the mother. The fetal nuchal translucency thickness was 3.5 mm, and the fetal heart was detected with around 1.0-mm ventricular defect by the ultrasound examination at 12-week gestation. The couple decided to terminate the pregnancy. They opted for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer for the fourth pregnancy, which was successful. Conclusions The SNP array combined with cytogenetic analysis was particularly effective in identifying abnormal chromosomal rearrangements. These methods combined with the existing database information and fetal ultrasonography might provide a comprehensive and efficient way for the prenatal assessment of fetal situations. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis might effectively assist those women with an adverse pregnancy history in their next pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Wu
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - J Sha
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - J F Zhai
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Y Liu
- 2Department of Ultrasonography, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - B Zhang
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
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Langton D, Wang W, Sha J, Ing A, Fielding D, Hersch N, Plummer V, Thien F. Predicting the Response to Bronchial Thermoplasty. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 8:1253-1260.e2. [PMID: 31712191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is established that not all patients respond to bronchial thermoplasty (BT), the factors that predict response/nonresponse are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify baseline factors that predict clinical response. METHODS The records of 77 consecutive patients entered into the Australian Bronchial Thermoplasty Registry were examined for baseline clinical characteristics, and outcomes measured at 6 and 12 months after BT, such as change in the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score, exacerbation frequency, the requirement for short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) medication and oral corticosteroids, and improvement in spirometry. RESULTS This was a cohort of patients with severe asthma: aged 57.7 ± 11.4 years, 57.1% females, 53.2% of patients taking maintenance oral steroids, 43% having been treated with an mAb, mean FEV1 of 55.8% ± 19.8% predicted. RESULTS BT resulted in an improvement in the ACQ score from 3.2 ± 1.0 at baseline to 1.6 ± 1.1 at 6 months (P < .001). Exacerbation frequency in the previous 6 months reduced from 3.7 ± 3.3 to 0.7 ± 1.2 (P < .001). SABA requirement reduced from 9.3 ± 7.1 puffs/d to 3.5 ± 6.0 (P < .001), and 48.8% of patients were weaned completely off oral steroids. A significant improvement in FEV1 was observed. Using multiple linear regression models, baseline ACQ score strongly predicted improvement in ACQ score (P < .001). Patients with an exacerbation frequency greater than twice in the previous 6 months showed the greatest reduction in exacerbations (-5.3 ± 2.8; P < .001). Patients using more than 10 puffs/d of SABA experienced the greatest reduction in SABA requirement (-12.4 ± 10.5 puffs, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The most severely afflicted patients had the greatest improvements in ACQ score, exacerbation frequency, and medication requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Wei Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Alvin Ing
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Hersch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
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Sha J, Fedtke C, Tilia D, Yeotikar N, Jong M, Diec J, Thomas V, Bakaraju RC. Effect of cylinder power and axis changes on vision in astigmatic participants. Clin Optom (Auckl) 2019; 11:27-38. [PMID: 30936760 PMCID: PMC6431005 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s190120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the impact of altering cylinder (cyl) power and axis on vision in astigmatism. METHODS In a prospective, randomized, participant-masked, crossover clinical trial, 28 astigmatic participants were tested for the following conditions on different days: full sphero-cyl correction and undercorrection by 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 DC while maintaining spherical equivalence. Axis was also misaligned between -30° and +30°, in 10° steps. For each configuration, monocular high- and low-contrast visual acuities (HCVA, LCVA) were measured at 6 m, and participants rated vision clarity (1-10), vision satisfaction (1-10), and vision acceptability (yes/no). Linear mixed models were used to compare visual performance in the overall group and in low, medium, and high cyl subgroups. RESULTS Undercorrecting cyl power affected all groups equally (P≥0.073). Undercorrection by 0.75 DC was significantly different to full cyl power for all variables (P≤0.007), while 0.25 DC undercorrection did not cause any significant decreases (P>0.05). Undercorrection by 0.50 DC was significantly different to full cyl power for HCVA (P=0.006, however not clinically significant) and vision acceptability (P=0.034). Axis misalignment affected the cyl groups differently (P<0.001), with the greatest impact in the high cyl group, followed by the medium then the low-cyl group. Misalignment by ±30° caused significant decreases in almost all cases (P≤0.003), while misalignments by ±10° or ±20° caused significant decreases for some cyl groups and test variables. CONCLUSION Undercorrection of cyl by ≤0.50 DC while maintaining spherical equivalence has no significant effect on HCVA, LCVA, vision clarity, and vision satisfaction, while the amount of axis misalignment that can be tolerated is dependent on the cyl power. These results may have practical ophthalmic applications, such as reducing the total number of stock keeping units of toric contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - C Fedtke
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - D Tilia
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - N Yeotikar
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - M Jong
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - J Diec
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - V Thomas
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - R C Bakaraju
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
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Doshi R, Cangal K, Gupta R, Sha J, Patel K, Desai R. Comparison of Outcomes and Cost of Endovascular Management vs Surgical Bypass for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Vasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Background Severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be challenging to manage, particularly when the clinical features may be similar. With the increased availability of advanced therapies for both entities, it is more important than ever to diagnose and phenotype accurately to inform appropriate treatment decisions. This case highlights the use of endobronchial biopsies to allow for histological evaluation of airways disease, and in particular the role of airway smooth muscle mass as an additional biomarker that could facilitate the diagnostic process. Case presentation A 65 year old woman presented with a diagnosis of severe COPD on the background of previous smoking and mild childhood asthma. Despite taking maximal inhaled pharmacotherapy, she had frequent exacerbations requiring corticosteroids and remained dyspnoeic on mild exertion. Lung function tests showed severe obstruction on spirometry (forced expiratory ratio 43%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 47% predicted), and single breath Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide was moderately reduced at 45% predicted. Computed tomography revealed hyperinflation without marked emphysema. Quantitative CT for emphysema distribution demonstrated a relatively small lung fraction of 9.35% with <− 950 Hounsfield units. Bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy was undertaken to further determine the underlying pathology, and airway mucosa histology was consistent with typical findings of asthma. The patient was treated with bronchial thermoplasty as she did not meet prescribing criteria for monoclonal antibodies. Six months post treatment, she had a significant improvement in symptom control and medication usage, without any exacerbations. Conclusions Airway smooth muscle histology is an underutilised biomarker that has a valuable role in phenotyping airways disease in the era of individualised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Steuart Rorke
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.,Dorevitch Pathology, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Langton D, Ing A, Sha J, Bennetts K, Hersch N, Kwok M, Plummer V, Thien F, Farah C. Measuring the effects of bronchial thermoplasty using oscillometry. Respirology 2018; 24:431-436. [PMID: 30419608 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) has been consistently shown to reduce symptoms, exacerbations and the need for reliever medication in patients with severe asthma. Paradoxically, no consistent improvement in spirometry has been demonstrated. It has been suggested that this is due to a reduction in peripheral resistance in small airways, not captured by spirometry. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the response to BT using oscillometry. METHODS A total of 43 patients with severe asthma from two centres were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months post BT, using spirometry, plethysmography and oscillometry, in addition to medication usage, exacerbation frequency and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (5-item version) (ACQ-5). RESULTS The mean age was 58.4 ± 11.2 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) 55.5 ± 20.1% predicted, forced expiratory ratio 53.0 ± 14.5% and FEV1 response to salbutamol was 14.0 ± 14.5%. Following BT, the group responded to treatment with an improvement in ACQ-5 from 2.9 ± 0.9 at baseline to 1.7 ± 1.1 at 6 months (P < 0.005). There was an 81% reduction in exacerbation frequency (P < 0.001) and 50% of patients were weaned completely from maintenance oral corticosteroids. No changes after treatment were observed in spirometry but the residual volume reduced from 147 ± 38% to 139 ± 39% predicted (P < 0.01). Baseline oscillometry demonstrated high levels of resistance at 5 Hz with normal resistance at 20 Hz, indicating resistance in the small airways was elevated, but no changes were observed in any oscillometry parameter after BT treatment. CONCLUSION Lung impedance measured with oscillometry did not change following BT despite marked clinical improvements in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alvin Ing
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Bennetts
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Hersch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - McKinny Kwok
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claude Farah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Langton D, Sha J, Ing A, Fielding D, Wood E. Bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma in Australia. Intern Med J 2018; 47:536-541. [PMID: 28101900 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an approved bronchoscopic intervention for the treatment of severe asthma. However, limited published experience exists outside of clinical trials regarding patient selection and outcomes achieved. AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of BT in patients with severe asthma encountered in clinical practice. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of the first 'real world' data from Australia. The following outcomes were measured prior to, and 6 months following BT: spirometry, Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5) score, reliever and preventer medication use and exacerbation history. RESULTS Twenty patients were treated from June 2014 to December 2015 at three university teaching hospitals. All subjects met the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society definition of severe asthma. Mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 62.8 ± 16.6% predicted (range: 33-95%). All patients were being treated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta2 agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists. Ten patients (50%) were taking maintenance oral prednisolone. Most subjects also required at least one of montelukast (65%), omalizumab (30%) and methotrexate (20%). ACQ-5 improved from 3.6 ± 1.1 at baseline to 1.6 ± 1.2 at 6 months, P < 0.001. Short-acting reliever use decreased from a median of 8.0-0.25 puffs/day, P < 0.001, and exacerbations requiring corticosteroids also significantly reduced. Five of 10 patients completely discontinued maintenance oral corticosteroids. Ten patients with a baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s of <60% predicted significantly improved from 49.2 ± 9.6% to 61.8 ± 17.6%, P < 0.05. Only two procedures required hospitalisation beyond the planned overnight admission. CONCLUSION BT is a safe procedure which can achieve clinical improvement in those with uncontrolled symptoms and severe airflow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alvin Ing
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erica Wood
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Langton D, Sha J, Ing A, Fielding D, Thien F, Plummer V. Bronchial thermoplasty: activations predict response. Respir Res 2017; 18:134. [PMID: 28676053 PMCID: PMC5496290 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is an emerging bronchoscopic intervention for the treatment of severe asthma. The predictive factors for clinical response to BT are unknown. We examined the relationship between the number of radiofrequency activations applied and the treatment response observed. Methods Data were collected from 24 consecutive cases treated at three Australian centres from June 2014 to March 2016. The baseline characteristics were collated along with the activations delivered. The primary response measure was change in the Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5) score measured at 6 months post BT. The relationship between change in outcome parameters and the number of activations delivered was explored. Results All patients met the ERS/ATS definition for severe asthma. At 6 months post treatment, mean ACQ-5 improved from 3.3 ± 1.1 to 1.5 ± 1.1, p < 0.001. The minimal clinically significant improvement in ACQ-5 of ≥0.5 was observed in 21 out of 24 patients. The only significant variable that differed between the 21 responders and the three non-responders was the number of activations delivered, with 139 ± 11 activations in the non-responders, compared to 221 ± 45 activations in the responders (p < 0.01). A significant inverse correlation was found between change in ACQ-5 score and the number of activations, r = −0.43 (p < 0.05). Conclusions The number of activations delivered during BT has a role in determining clinical response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - Alvin Ing
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Zhou XP, Sha J, Huang L, Li TN, Zhang RR, Tang MD, Lin L, Li XL. Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in the amygdala influences visceral sensitivity via glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in male maternal separation rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1545-53. [PMID: 27380730 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nesfatin-1, a recently identified satiety molecule derived from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), is associated with visceral hypersensitivity in rats and is expressed in the amygdala. We tested the hypothesis that nesfatin-1 expression in the amygdala is involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS An animal model of IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity was established using maternal separation (MS) during postnatal days 2-16. The role of nesfatin-1 in the amygdala on visceral sensitivity was evaluated. KEY RESULTS Rats subjected to MS showed a significantly increased mean abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score and electromyographic (EMG) activity at 40, 60, and 80 mmHg colorectal distension. Plasma concentrations of nesfatin-1 and corticosterone were significantly higher than in non-handled (NH) rats. mRNA and protein expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in the amygdala were increased in MS rats, but not in NH rats. In MS rats, AWR scores and EMG activity were significantly decreased after anti-nesfatin-1/NUCB2 injection. In normal rats, mean AWR score, EMG activity, and corticosterone expression were significantly increased after nesfatin-1 injection into the amygdala. Nesfatin-1-induced visceral hypersensitivity was abolished following application of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Elevated expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in the amygdala in MS rats suggests a potential role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity, which could potentially take place via activation of GR and MR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-P Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Third People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - J Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - T-N Li
- Department of PET/CT, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - R-R Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - M-D Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X-L Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Sha J, Langton D. Role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in pulmonary fibrosis following pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Respirol Case Rep 2016; 4:e00159. [PMID: 27512562 PMCID: PMC4969846 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare diffuse lung disease characterized by accumulation of lipoproteinacious material in alveoli, with distinct features on high resolution computed tomography and biopsy. Its association with pulmonary fibrosis is infrequently encountered, and a clear understanding of the underlying pathogenesis is yet to be established. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman with known autoimmune PAP (aPAP) first diagnosed 20 years ago, who presented with worsening hypoxemia and radiological features consistent with pulmonary fibrosis, after many years of stable disease. We present a review of previously considered mechanisms of causation behind such changes, and in particular, postulate the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor deficiency in pulmonary fibrosis seen in aPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sha
- Department of Thoracic Medicine Frankston Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - David Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine Frankston Hospital Melbourne Australia; Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
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Aishanjiang Y, Sha J, Dang H, Mayinuer M, Duan FM, Zhu Y, Li HY. [A clinical analysis of hepatolenticular degeneration in 23 Uygur patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2016; 24:534-536. [PMID: 27784434 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Sha J, Bedogni B, Lathia J, Arbesman J. 552 Combined autophagy and connexin inhibition: A novel therapy for intermediate stage melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Wang Y, Yin W, Wang Z, Huang J, Pan J, Zhu Y, Xu F, Shao X, Sha J, Cai Y, Liu Q, Dong B, Xue W, Huang Y. Pretreatment plasma fibrinogen as an independent prognostic indicator of prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:209-15. [PMID: 26951714 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperfibrinogen is thought to be associated with a higher risk of invasion and metastasis, as well as a worse outcome for multiple types of cancer. However, the prognostic significance of plasma fibrinogen has not been investigated in prostate cancer with hormonal therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate its roles in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS A total of 290 patients who underwent ADT as first-line therapy for prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The fibrinogen level was measured at the time of diagnosis. Patients were categorized using a cutoff point of 3.225 g l(-1) according to a calculation by the receiver operating curve analysis. Correlations between the fibrinogen and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Meanwhile, univariable and multivariable cox regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of fibrinogen with progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic accuracy was evaluated with the Harrell concordance index. RESULTS Compared with patients with a lower fibrinogen level (<3.225 g l(-1)), patients with a higher fibrinogen level were more likely to have higher PSA, Gleason score, risk stratification and incidence of metastasis (P<0.05). Multivariable analyses identified hyperfibrinogen as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio (HR)=2.000, P<0.001), CSS (HR=2.209, P=0.006) and OS (HR=1.965, P=0.009). The final models built by the addition of fibrinogen improved predictive accuracy (c-index: 0.750, 0.799 and 0.767) for PFS, CSS and OS compared with the clinicopathological base models (c-index: 0.730, 0.778 and 0.746), which included Gleason score and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment plasma fibrinogen level was associated with tumor progression and might have a significant role in the prognosis of the prostate cancer patients treated with ADT. Thus, we recommend adding fibrinogen to traditional prognostic model, which may improve its predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - F Xu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Shao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Sha
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Knight GT, Sha J, Ashton RS. Micropatterned, clickable culture substrates enable in situ spatiotemporal control of human PSC-derived neural tissue morphology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5238-41. [PMID: 25688384 PMCID: PMC4456773 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ regulation of the morphology of neural tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells using micropatterned, clickable substrates.
We describe a modular culture platform that enables spatiotemporal control of the morphology of 2D neural tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by simply adding clickable peptides to the media. It should be widely applicable for elucidating how spatiotemporal changes in morphology and substrate biochemistry regulate tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Yu J, Wu H, Wen Y, Liu Y, Zhou T, Ni B, Lin Y, Dong J, Zhou Z, Hu Z, Guo X, Sha J, Tong C. Identification of seven genes essential for male fertility through a genome-wide association study of non-obstructive azoospermia and RNA interference-mediated large-scale functional screening in Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1493-503. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Qin Y, Ji J, Du G, Wu W, Dai J, Hu Z, Sha J, Hang B, Lu C, Xia Y, Wang X. Comprehensive pathway-based analysis identifies associations of BCL2, GNAO1 and CHD2 with non-obstructive azoospermia risk. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:860-6. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sha
- Fisheries Agency of Taiwan; Kaohsiung City; Taiwan
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Qi Y, Jiang M, Yuan Y, Bi Y, Zheng B, Guo X, Huang X, Zhou Z, Sha J. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3, a manchette-associated protein, is essential for mouse spermiogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:327-35. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Colakoglu M, Toy H, Icen MS, Vural M, Mahmoud AS, Yazici F, Buendgen N, Cordes T, Schultze-Mosgau A, Diedrich K, Beyer D, Griesinger G, Oude Loohuis EJ, Nahuis MJ, Bayram N, Hompes PGA, Oosterhuis GJE, Bossuyt PM, van der Veen F, Mol BWJ, van Wely M, Nahuis MJ, Oude Loohuis EJ, Kose N, Bayram N, Hompes PGA, Oosterhuis GJE, Bossuyt PM, van der Veen F, Mol BWJ, van Wely M, Yaba A, Demir N, Allegra A, Pane A, Marino A, Scaglione P, Ruvolo G, Manno M, Volpes A, Lunger F, Wildt L, Seeber B, Kolibianakis EM, Venetis CA, Bosdou J, Toulis K, Goulis DG, Tarlatzi TB, Tarlatzis BC, Franz M, Keck C, Daube S, Pietrowski D, Demir N, Yaba A, Iannetta R, Santos RDS, Lima TP, Giolo F, Iannetta O, Martins WP, Paula FJ, Ferriani RA, Rosa e Silva ACJS, Martinelli CE, Reis RM, Devesa M, Rodriguez I, Coroleu B, Tur R, Gonzalez C, Barri PN, Nardo LG, Mohiyiddeen L, Mulugeta B, McBurney H, Roberts SA, Newman WG, Grynberg M, Lamazou F, Even M, Gallot V, Frydman R, Fanchin R, Abdalla H, Nicopoullos J, Leader A, Pang S, Witjes H, Gordon K, Devroey P, Arrivi C, Ferraretti AP, Magli MC, Tartaglia ML, Fasolino MC, Gianaroli L, Macek sr. M, Feldmar P, Kluckova H, Hrehorcak M, Diblik J, Cernikova J, Paulasova P, Turnovec M, Macek jr. M, Hillensjo T, Yeko T, Witjes H, Elbers J, Devroey P, Mardesic T, Abuzeid M, Witjes H, Mannaerts B, Okubo T, Matsuo R, Kuwayama M, Teramoto S, Chakraborty P, Goswami SK, Chakravarty BN, Nandi SS, Kabir SN, Ramos Vidal J, Prados N, Caligara C, Garcia J, Carranza FJ, Gonzalez-Ravina A, Salazar A, Tocino A, Rodriguez I, Fernandez-Sanchez M, Ito H, Iwasa T, Hasegawa E, Hatano K, Nakayama D, Kazuka M, Usuda S, Isaka K, Ventura V, Doria S, Fernandes S, Barros A, Valkenburg O, Lao O, Schipper I, Louwers YV, Uitterlinden AG, Kayser M, Laven JSE, Sharma S, Goswami S, Goswami SK, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay R, Sarkar A, Chakravarty BN, Louwers YV, Valkenburg O, Lie Fong S, van Dorp W, de Jong FH, Laven JSE, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay R, Goswami SK, Radhika KL, Chakravarty BN, Benkhalifa M, Demirol A, Montjeant D, Delagrange P, Gentien D, Giakoumakis G, Menezo Y, Dattilo M, Gurgan T, Engels S, Blockeel C, Haentjens P, De Vos M, Camus M, Devroey P, Dimitraki M, Koutlaki N, Gioka T, Messini CI, Dafopoulos K, Messinis IE, Gurlek B, Batioglu S, Ozyer S, Nafiye Y, Kale I, Karayalcin R, Uncu G, Kasapoglu I, Uncu Y, Celik N, Ozerkan K, Ata B, Ferrero H, Gomez R, Delgado F, Simon C, Gaytan F, Pellicer A, Osborn JC, Fien L, Wolyncevic J, Esler JH, Choi D, Kim N, Choi J, Jo M, Lee E, Lee D, Fujii R, Neyatani N, Waseda T, Oka Y, Takagi H, Tomizawa H, Sasagawa T, Makinoda S, Ajina M, Zorgati H, Ben Salem A, Ben Ali H, Mehri S, Touhami M, Saad A, Piouka A, Karkanaki A, Katsikis I, Delkos D, Mousatat T, Daskalopoulos G, Panidis D, Pantos K, Stavrou D, Sfakianoudis K, Angeli E, Chronopoulou M, Vaxevanoglou T, Jones R GMJ, Lee WD, Kim SD, Jee BC, Kim KC, Kim KH, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Park KA, Chae SJ, Lim KS, Hur CY, Kang YJ, Lee WD, Lim JH, Tomizawa H, Makinoda S, Fujita S, Waseda T, Fujii R, Utsunomiya R T, Vieira C, Martins WP, Fernandes JBF, Soares GM, Reis RM, Silva de Sa MF, Ferriani R RA, Yoo JH, Kim HO, Cha SH, Koong MK, Song IO, Kang IS, Hatakeyama N, Jinno M, Watanabe A, Hirohama J, Hiura R, Konig TE, Beemsterboer SN, Overbeek A, Hendriks ML, Heymans MW, Hompes P, Homburg R, Schats R, Lambalk CB, van der Houwen L, Konig TE, Overbeek A, Hendriks ML, Beemsterboer SN, Kuchenbecker WK, Renckens CNM, Bernardus RE, Schats R, Homburg R, Hompes P, Lambalk CB, Potdar N, Gelbaya TA, Nardo LG, de Groot PCM, Dekkers OM, Romijn JA, Dieben SWM, Helmerhorst FM, Guivarch Leveque A, Homer L, Broux PL, Moy L, Priou G, Vialard J, Colleu D, Arvis P, Dewailly D, Aghahosseini M, Aleyasin A, Sarvi F, Safdarian L, Rahmanpour H, Akhtar MA, Navaratnam K, Ankers D, Sharma SD, Son WY, Chung JT, Reinblatt S, Dahan M, Demirtas M, Holzer H, Aspichueta F, Exposito A, Crisol L, Prieto B, Mendoza R, Matorras R, Kim K, Lee J, Jee B, Lee W, Suh C, Moon J, Kim S, Sarapik A, Velthut A, Haller-Kikkatalo K, Faure GC, Bene MC, de Carvalho M, Massin F, Uibo R, Salumets A, Alhalabi M, Samawi S, Taha A, Kafri N, Modi S, Khatib A, Sharif J, Othman A, Hamamah S, Assou S, Anahory T, Loup V, Dechaud H, Dewailly D, Mousavi Fatemi H, Doody K, Witjes H, Mannaerts B, Basconi V, Jungblut L, Young E, Van Thillo G, Paz D, Pustovrh MC, Fabbri R, Pasquinelli G, Magnani V, Macciocca M, Parazza I, Battaglia C, Paradisi R, Venturoli S, Ono M, Teranisi A, Fumino T, Ohama N, Hamai H, Chikawa A, Takata R, Teramura S, Iwahasi K, Shigeta M, Heidari M, Farahpour M, Talebi S, Edalatkhah H, Zarnani AH, Ardekani AM, Pietrowski D, Szabo L, Sator M, Just A, Franz M, Egarter C, Hope N, Motteram C, Rombauts LJ, Lee W, Chang E, Han J, Won H, Yoon T, Seok H, Diao FY, Mao YD, Wang W, Ding W, Liu JY, Chang E, Yoon T, Lee W, Cho J, Kwak I, Kim Y, Afshan I, Cartwright R, Trew G, Lavery S, Lockwood G, Niyani K, Banerjee S, Chambers A, Pados G, Tsolakidis D, Billi H, Athanatos D, Tarlatzis B, Salumets A, Laanpere M, Altmae S, Kaart T, Stavreus-Evers A, Nilsson TK, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, van der Stroom E, Konig TE, van Montfrans J, Overbeek A, van den Berg MH, van Leeuwen FE, Lambalk CB, Taketani T, Tamura H, Tamura I, Asada H, Sugino N, Al - Azemi M, Kyrou D, Papanikolaou EG, Polyzos NP, Devroey P, Fatemi HM, Qiu Z, Yang L, Yan G, Sun H, Hu Y, Mohiyiddeen L, Higgs J, Roberts S, Newman W, Nardo LG, Ho C, Guijarro JA, Nunez R, Alonso J, Garcia A, Cordeo C, Cortes S, Caballero P, Soliman S, Baydoun R, Wang B, Shreeve N, Cagampang F, Sadek K, Hill CM, Brook N, Macklon N, Cheong Y, Santana R, Setti AS, Maldonado LG, Valente FM, Iaconelli C, Braga DPAF, Iaconelli Jr. A, Borges Jr. E, Yoon JS, Won MY, Kim SD, Jung JH, Yang SH, Lim JH, Kavrut M, Kahraman S, Sadek KH, Bruce KB, Macklon N, Cagampang FR, Cheong YC, Cota AMM, Oliveira JBA, Petersen CG, Mauri AL, Massaro FC, Silva LFI, Vagnini LD, Nicoletti A, Pontes A, Cavagna M, Baruffi RLR, Franco Jr. JG, Won MY, Kim SD, Yoon JS, Jung JH, Yang SH, Lim JH, Kim SD, Kim JW, Yoon TK, Lee WS, Han JE, Lyu SW, Shim SH, Kuwabara Y, Katayama A, Tomiyama R, Piao H, Ono S, Shibui Y, Abe T, Ichikawa T, Mine K, Akira S, Takeshita T, Hatzi E, Lazaros L, Xita N, Kaponis A, Makrydimas G, Sofikitis N, Stefos T, Zikopoulos K, Georgiou I, Guimera M, Casals G, Fabregues F, Estanyol JM, Balasch J, Mochtar MH, Van den Wijngaard L, Van Voorst S, Koks CAM, Van Mello NM, Mol BWJ, Van der Veen F, Van Wely M, Fabregues F, Iraola A, Casals G, Creus M, Carmona F, Balasch J, Villarroel C, Lopez P, Merino P, Iniguez G, Codner E, Xu B, Cui Y, Gao L, Xue KAI, Li MEI, Zhang YUAN, Diao F, Ma X, Liu J, Leonhardt H, Gull B, Kishimoto K, Kataoka M, Stener-Victorin E, Hellstrom M, Cui Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Ding G, HU X, Sha J, Zhou Z, Liu J, Liu J, Kyrou D, Kolibianakis EM, Fatemi HM, Camus M, Tournaye H, Tarlatzis BC, Devroey P, Davari F, Rashidi B, Rahmanpour Zanjani H, Al-Inany H, Youssef M, Aboulghar M, Broekmans F, Sterrenburg M, Smit J, Abousetta A, Van Dessel H, Van Leeuwen J, McGee EA, Bodri D, Guillen JJ, Rodriguez A, Trullenque M, Coll O, Vernaeve V, Snajderova M, Keslova P, Sedlacek P, Formankova R, Kotaska K, Stary J, Weghofer A, Dietrich W, Barad DH, Gleicher N, Rustamov O, Pemberton P, Roberts S, Smith A, Yates A, Patchava S, Nardo L, Toulis KA, Mintziori G, Goulis DG, Kintiraki E, Eukarpidis E, Mouratoglou SA, Pavlaki A, Stergianos S, Poulasouhidou M, Tzellos TG, Tarlatzis BC, Nasiri R, Ramezanzadeh F, Sarafraz Yazdi M, Baghrei M, Lee RKK, Wu FS, Lin S, Lin MH, Hwu YM. POSTER VIEWING SESSION - REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thornhill A, Wheat S, Al-Shenar S, Atalla N, Menabawey M, Summers M, Giles J, Vidal C, Alama P, Bosch E, Zuzuarregui JL, Pellicer A, Nelen WLDM, den Breejen EME, Schol SFE, Kremer JAM, Hermens RPMG, Nagai R, Fukunaga N, Kitasaka H, Yoshimura T, Itoi F, Tamura F, Kitamura K, Hasegawa N, Kato M, Nakayama K, Honma H, Oguri H, Sano M, Hashiba Y, Asada Y, den Breejen EME, Hermens RPMG, Galama WH, Willemsen WN, Nelen WLDM, Kremer JAM, Lashwood A, Solomonides A, Olive M, Harton G, Patch C, Flinter F, Mendoza R, Perez S, de los Santos MJ, Larreategui Z, Exposito A, Aparicio MV, Martinez Indart L, Matorras R, Sato Y, Nakamura Y, Sakamoto E, Tasaka A, Usui K, Hattori H, Ito Y, Nakajo Y, Doshida M, Kyono K, Koike A, Haruki A, Horiuchi R, Sugihara K, Fukuda A, Morimoto Y, Cambiaghi A, Leao R, Castellotti D, Nascimento P, Molina Gonzalez I, Clavero Gilabert A, Gonzalvo Lopez MC, Rosales Martinez A, Martinez Navarro L, Mozas Moreno J, Castilla Alcala JA, Fleischer K, Muller AF, Hohmann FP, de Jong FH, Eijkemans MJC, Fauser BC, Laven JSE, Bonduelle M, Van Landuyt L, Stoop D, Van de Velde H, Verheyen G, Haentjens P, Desmyttere S, Carlos RV, Setti AS, Braga DPAF, Figueira RCS, Iaconelli Jr. A, Borges Jr. E, Bariani F, Vespasiano F, Puoti F, Fehily D, Porta E, Nanni Costa A, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Wang L, Zhao H, Zhao W, Wang J, Gao L, Sha J, Zhou Z, Liu J, Liu W, Li XF, Xi WY, Tan L, Fan LQ, Lu GX, Bungum M, Bungum L, Lynch KF, Wedlund L, Humaidan P, Giwercman A, Godunova V, Kaulins T, Godunovs K, Jonina I, Pozilenkova N, Subnikovs N, Trejs G, Lejins V, Mohova M, Rumjanceva I, Arajs M. POSTER VIEWING SESSION - QUALITY AND SAFETY OF ART THERAPIES. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guo X, Zhao C, Wang F, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Zhou Z, Huo R, Sha J. Investigation of Human Testis Protein Heterogeneity Using 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 31:419-29. [DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.109.007534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Cui Y, Zhou Z, Sha J, Li Y, Liu J. Altered global gene expressions of human placentae subjected to assisted reproductive technology treatments. Placenta 2010; 31:251-8. [PMID: 20116094 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers are more and more concerning the safety of fetus or offspring derived from assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. As the placenta is a critical organ that sustains and protects the fetus, we hypothesize that altered global gene expression of the placenta subjected to ART manipulation may reflect changes associated with ART procedures and subsequently causal related to offspring health. METHODS Three term placenta samples were obtained from patients undergone in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer due to oviductal factors only. Other three control placentae were from those underwent normal pregnancy. A GeneChip Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Array was utilized to analyze the genes. Using qRT-PCR we certified microarray data from 10 dysregulated genes. Five genes were localized precisely in the placenta as per immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Twenty-six differentially expressed genes were identified in the ART-treated placentae: 17 up-regulated; 9 down-regulated. Eighteen of these were classified into six groups according to critical placental function: immune response; transmembrane transport; metabolism; oxidative stress; cell differentiation; and other functions. Genes involved in immune response, such as ERAP2 and STAT4, and those regulating cell differentiations, such as MUC1, were discerned to be differentially expressed. These gene products were expressed in the placental villus tissues, either in the cytoplasm or in the membrane of syncytiotrophoblastic cells. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study in comparing differentially expressed genes in placentae from patients undergone ART treatment vs. those underwent normal pregnancy. Abnormal profiles of critical placental functioning genes, such as ERAP2, STAT4 and MUC1, may be valuable biomarkers to understand how the placenta affects fetal development and ART-derived offspring's health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Sha J, Gao J, Li J, Zhao Q, Tao G, Zhao C, Han H, Mori M, Li Z. Absence of donor-derived zona pellucida protein C homolog in the inner perivitelline layer of Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos)-Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chimeras (Duails). Poult Sci 2008; 87:2064-72. [PMID: 18809869 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian blastodermal cells at stage X are used to produce interspecies chimeras for heterogenous poultry reproduction. However, recipient-derived inner perivitelline layer (IPVL)-enclosed donor-derived ova may affect the efficiency of germline transmission via chimera. Among the proteins in the IPVL, zona pellucida protein C (ZPC) plays an important role in sperm-egg binding and inducing the acrosome reaction. In the present study, Peking duck blastodermal cells at stage X were transferred into subgerminal cavities of Japanese quail embryos at the same stage. Fourteen female duck-quail chimeras (duails) were hatched and raised to sexual maturity. After being screened by PCR, 3 duails were selected for examination of donor-derived ZPC. A total of 152 IPVL protein samples from the individual eggs laid by the 3 duails then underwent a preliminary examination for the presence of donor-derived ZPC by means of SDS-PAGE, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and Western blotting. A novel 35-kDa ZPC, not observed in quail but in duck, was found in the IPVL of the duails. Further analysis of peptide mass fingerprinting of Peking duck ZPC, Japanese quail ZPC, and the 35-kDa duail ZPC by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the novel ZPC was an isoform of quail ZPC. Moreover, comparison of N-terminal amino acid sequences of these 3 ZPC confirmed that the 35-kDa quail ZPC had more amino acids at the N terminus than did native quail ZPC, and none of the donor-derived ZPC was found in the duails. These findings suggest that it would be difficult to obtain donor-derived offspring by natural mating of interspecies chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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Kittler M, Arguirov T, Seifert W, Yu X, Jia G, Vyvenko O, Mchedlidze T, Reiche M, Sha J, Yang D. Silicon nanostructures for IR light emitters. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chopra V, Fadl AA, Sha J, Chopra S, Galindo CL, Chopra AK. Alterations in the virulence potential of enteric pathogens and bacterial-host cell interactions under simulated microgravity conditions. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2006; 69:1345-70. [PMID: 16760141 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500361792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Host immune mechanisms were proposed to decline under microgravity conditions during spaceflights, which might result in severe infections in astronauts. Therefore, it was important to investigate the effects of microgravity on infecting organisms and their interaction with host cells. Data showed that simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions markedly increased production of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat-labile enterotoxin, which induced fluid secretory responses in a mouse model. SMG also enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in murine macrophages infected with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). In a similar fashion, simulated microgravity conditions augmented the invasive potential of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and enhanced production of tumor necrosis-factor alpha in S. typhimurium-infected epithelial cells. Furthermore, coculturing of macrophages and S. typhimurium in a simulated microgravity environment resulted in activation of stress-associated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4. Using the antiorthostatic tail suspension mouse model, which simulates some aspects of microgravity, oral inoculation of S. typhimurium markedly reduced the 50% lethal dose compared to mice infected under normal gravitational conditions. Microarray analysis revealed simulated microgravity-induced alterations in the expression of 22 genes in S. typhimurium, and protein expression profiles were altered in both EPEC and S. typhimurium, based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These studies indicated alterations in the virulence potential of bacteria and in host responses to these pathogens under simulated microgravity conditions, which may represent an important environmental signal. Such studies are essential for better understanding bacterial-host cell interactions, particularly in the context of spaceflights and space habitations of long duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chopra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, USA
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Fadl AA, Galindo CL, Sha J, Klimpel GR, Popov VL, Chopra AK. Global gene expression of a murein (Braun) lipoprotein mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by microarray analysis. Gene 2006; 374:121-7. [PMID: 16574345 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Braun/murein lipoprotein (Lpp) is one of the major outer membrane components of gram-negative enteric bacteria involved in inflammatory responses and septic shock. In previous studies, we reported that two copies of the lipoprotein (lpp) gene (designated as lppA and lppB) existed on the chromosome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Deletion of both lppA and lppB genes rendered Salmonella defective in invasion, motility, induction of cytotoxicity, and production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. The lppAB double-knockout (DKO) mutant was attenuated in mice, and animals immunized with this mutant were protected against subsequent challenge with lethal doses of wild-type (wt) S. Typhimurium. To better understand how deletion of the lpp gene might affect Salmonella virulence, we performed global transcriptional profiling of the genes in the wt and the lppAB DKO mutant of S. Typhimurium using microarrays. Our data revealed alterations in the expression of flagellar genes, invasion-associated type III secretion system genes, and transcriptional virulence gene regulators in the lppAB DKO mutant compared to wt S. Typhimurium. These data correlated with the lppAB DKO mutant phenotype and provided possible mechanism(s) of Lpp-associated attenuation in S. Typhimurium. Although these studies were performed in in vitro grown bacteria, our future research will be targeted at global transcriptional profiling of the genes in in vivo grown wt S. Typhimurium and its Lpp mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fadl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 301 University Blvd, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, United States
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Fadl AA, Sha J, Klimpel GR, Olano JP, Galindo CL, Chopra AK. Attenuation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium by altering biological functions of murein lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun 2006; 73:8433-6. [PMID: 16299345 PMCID: PMC1307095 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.12.8433-8436.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium double-knockout mutants in which either the lipoprotein A (lppA) or the lipoprotein B (lppB) gene was deleted from an msbB-negative background strain by marker exchange mutagenesis. These mutants were highly attenuated when tested with in vitro and in vivo models of Salmonella pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fadl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 301 University Blvd., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
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Sha J, McCullough B, Hart E, Nassir F, Davidson NO, Hoover-Plow J. Apo(a) promotes thrombosis in a vascular injury model by a mechanism independent of plasminogen. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:2281-9. [PMID: 16150044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Structural similarity between apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], the unique apoprotein of lipoprotein(a), and plasminogen (Plg), the zymogen for plasmin, results in inhibition of functions of Plg by apo(a) in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of Plg and apo(a) in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular injury was induced in the carotid artery with a perivascular cuff in: (i) wild-type (WT); (ii) Plg deficient (Plg-/-); (iii) apo(a) (6 KIV construct) transgenic [apo(a)tg]; and (iv) apo(a) transgenic and Plg deficient [apo(a):Plg-/-] mice. At 10 days after cuff placement, the media and adventitia area were increased in the injured carotids compared with the uninjured carotids, and collagen deposition was greater in apo(a)tg, Plg-/- and apo(a):Plg-/- mice compared with WT mice. The incidence of a thrombus was greater (P < 0.05) in apo(a):Plg-/- mice (83%) than WT (20%), Plg-/- (12%), and apo(a)tg mice (9%). In the thrombi from apo(a)tg and apo(a):Plg-/- mice, P-selectin and von Willebrand factor immunostaining, indicating a platelet-rich thrombi, was greater than in WT and Plg-/- mice. The presence of fibrin(ogen) in the thrombi was greater in Plg-/- and apo(a):Plg-/- mice than apo(a)tg and WT mice. Of the four genotypes, only the apo(a):Plg-/- mice had both increased platelet and increased fibrin(ogen) deposition. CONCLUSIONS The major finding of this study is the high incidence of thrombosis after vascular injury in apo(a)transgenic mice in a Plg deficient background, providing strong evidence for a prothrombotic role of apo(a) independent of Plg in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, The Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Fadl AA, Sha J, Klimpel GR, Olano JP, Niesel DW, Chopra AK. Murein lipoprotein is a critical outer membrane component involved in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium systemic infection. Infect Immun 2005; 73:1081-96. [PMID: 15664952 PMCID: PMC547075 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.2.1081-1096.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Braun (murein) lipoprotein (Lpp) are major components of the outer membrane of gram-negative enteric bacteria that function as potent stimulators of inflammatory and immune responses. In a previous paper, we provided evidence that two functional copies of the lipoprotein gene (lppA and lppB) located on the chromosome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contributed to bacterial virulence. In this study, we characterized lppA and lppB single-knockout (SKO) mutants and compared them with an lpp double-knockout (DKO) mutant using in vitro and in vivo models. Compared to the lpp DKO mutant, which was nonmotile, the motility of the lpp SKO mutants was significantly increased (73 to 77%), although the level of motility did not reach the level of wild-type (WT) S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Likewise, the cytotoxicity was also significantly increased when T84 human intestinal epithelial cells and RAW264.7 murine macrophages were infected with the lpp SKO mutants compared to the cytotoxicity when cells were infected with the lpp DKO mutant. The level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in polarized T84 cells infected with the lppB SKO mutant was significantly higher (two- to threefold higher), reaching the level in cells infected with WT S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, than the level in host cells infected with the lppA SKO mutant. The lpp DKO mutant induced minimal levels of IL-8. Similarly, sera from mice infected with the lppB SKO mutant contained 4.5- to 10-fold-higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6; the levels of these cytokines were 1.7- to 3.0-fold greater in the lppA SKO mutant-infected mice than in animals challenged with the lpp DKO mutant. The increased cytokine levels observed with the lppB SKO mutant in mice correlated with greater tissue damage in the livers and spleens of these mice than in the organs of animals infected with the lppA SKO and lpp DKO mutants. Moreover, the lppB SKO mutant-infected mice had increased susceptibility to death. Since the lpp DKO mutant retained intact LPS, we constructed an S. enterica serovar Typhimurium triple-knockout (TKO) mutant in which the lppA and lppB genes were deleted from an existing msbB mutant (msbB encodes an enzyme required for the acylation of lipid A). Compared to the lpp DKO and msbB SKO mutants, the lpp-msbB TKO mutant was unable to induce cytotoxicity and to produce cytokines and chemokines in vitro and in vivo. These studies provided the first evidence of the relative contributions of Lpp and lipid A acylation to Salmonella pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fadl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 301 University Blvd., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
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Abstract
We performed microarray analyses of murine peritoneal macrophages to examine cellular transcriptional responses to a cytotoxic enterotoxin of Aeromonas hydrophila. While 66% of altered genes were common to both primary macrophages and the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, Act caused expression changes of 28 genes specifically in murine peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Galindo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
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Sha J, Fadl AA, Klimpel GR, Niesel DW, Popov VL, Chopra AK. The two murein lipoproteins of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contribute to the virulence of the organism. Infect Immun 2004; 72:3987-4003. [PMID: 15213144 PMCID: PMC427434 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.7.3987-4003.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock due to Salmonella and other gram-negative enteric pathogens is a leading cause of death worldwide. The role of lipopolysaccharide in sepsis is well studied; however, the contribution of other bacterial outer membrane components, such as Braun (murein) lipoprotein (Lpp), is not well defined. The genome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium harbors two copies of the lipoprotein (lpp) gene. We constructed a serovar Typhimurium strain with deletions in both copies of the lpp gene (lpp1 and lpp2) by marker exchange mutagenesis. The integrity of the cell membrane and the secretion of the effector proteins through the type III secretion system were not affected in the lpp double-knockout mutant. Subsequently, the virulence potential of this mutant was examined in a cell culture system using T84 intestinal epithelial and RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines and a mouse model of salmonellosis. The lpp double-knockout mutant was defective in invading and inducing cytotoxic effects in T84 and RAW264.7 cells, although binding of the mutant to the host cell was not affected when compared to the wild-type (WT) serovar Typhimurium. The motility of the mutant was impaired, despite the finding that the number of flagella was similar in the lpp double knockout mutant and the WT serovar Typhimurium. Deletion in the lpp genes did not affect the intracellular survival and replication of Salmonella in macrophages and T84 cells. Induction of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was significantly reduced in macrophages and T84 cells infected with the lpp double-knockout mutant. The levels of IL-8 remained unaffected in T84 cells when infected with either live or heat-killed WT and lpp mutant, indicating that invasion was not required for IL-8 production and that Toll-like receptor 2 signaling might be affected in the Lpp double-knockout mutant. These effects of the Lpp protein could be restored by complementation of the isogenic mutant. The lpp double-knockout mutant was avirulent in mice, and animals infected with this mutant were protected from a lethal challenge dose of WT serovar Typhimurium. The severe combined immunodeficient mice, on the other hand, were susceptible to infection by the lpp double-knockout mutant. The serovar Typhimurium mutants from which only one of the lpp (lpp1 or lpp2) genes was deleted were also avirulent in mice. Taken together, our data indicated that Lpp specifically contributed to the virulence of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
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38
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Abstract
Duck blastodermal cells isolated from Stage X embryos of Maya ducks were injected into subgerminal cavity of recipient Stage X chicken embryos treated with gamma-irradiation or untreated. Eleven somatic chimeras were obtained based on plumage color and were raised to sexual maturity. To test for germline chimerism, progeny tests were performed by mating the chimeras with Maya ducks. A total of 622 eggs was collected and incubated. Fertility rate and hatchability were 2.9% (18/622) and 1.0% (6/622), respectively. The six duck hatchlings were from Chimera 9801 and were considered to be derived from the germ cells developed from the donor Maya blastodermal cells, indicating that Chimera 9801 is a germline chimera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z D Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Agricultural University Beijing.
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Ma YZ, Li ZD, Sha J, Liu CH, Wang N. [Development of donor cells in chicken-duck chimeric embryos]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 28:1002-5. [PMID: 11725633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Chicken W chromosome-specific DNA fragments were obtained after transformation, extraction, purification and digestion with EcoR I of pUGD1201. The W chromosome-specific DNA probe was a 1.2 kb insert, which was labelled by the random-technique using a Digoxigenin Labeling Kit. Chicken PGCs from a line of White Leghorns were microinjected into Maya duck blastoderms at stage X. The embryos at 6,8,9,12,16,18 days of incubation were used to study the development of chicken PGCs in the chimeric embryos. Used chicken W chromosome-specific DNA probes by in situ hybridization, development of donor cells in chicken-duck chimeric embryos were studied. In 54 chimeric embryos, there were different degrees of chimerism in the organs. The chimeric rate of the livers was the highest, which of the gonads was the lowest. It is demonstrated that somatic and germline chimeras can be yielded successfully by transferring stage X chicken blastodermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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40
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Abstract
The cytotoxic enterotoxin Act from a diarrheal isolate, SSU, of Aeromonas hydrophila is aerolysin related and crucial to the pathogenesis of Aeromonas infections. To elucidate the role of environmental signals which influence the expression of the cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act), a portion of the act gene, including the putative promoter region, was fused in frame to a truncated alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA) of Escherichia coli. The act::phoA reporter gene was then introduced into the chromosome of A. hydrophila by using the suicide vector pJQ200SK, allowing the fusion protein to be secreted out into the culture medium. Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of a correctly size 110-kDa fusion protein in the culture supernatant, which reacted with both anti-Act and anti-alkaline phosphatase antibodies. Based on alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) activity in the culture supernatant, we demonstrated that calcium significantly increased the activity of the act promoter but that glucose and iron repressed its activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The act promoter exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and at 37 degrees C, and maximal PhoA activity was noted when the culture was aerated. Using a Vibrio cholerae iron uptake regulator gene (fur) as a probe, a 2.6-kb SalI/HindIII DNA fragment from an A. hydrophila chromosome was cloned and sequenced. The DNA sequence revealed a 429-bp open reading frame that exhibited 69% homology at the DNA level with the fur gene and 79% homology at the amino acid level with the iron uptake regulator (Fur) protein of V. cholerae. Complementation experiments demonstrated that the A. hydrophila fur gene could restore iron regulation in an E. coli fur-minus mutant. Using the suicide vector pDMS197, we generated a fur isogenic mutant of wild-type A. hydrophila SSU. Northern blot analysis data indicated that the repression in the transcription of the act gene by iron was relieved in the fur isogenic mutant. Further, iron regulation in the fur isogenic mutant of A. hydrophila could be restored by complementation. These results are important in understanding the regulation of the act gene under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, USA
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Gu Q, Clifton VL, Schwartz J, Madsen G, Sha J, Smith R. Characterization of urocortin in human pregnancy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:618-22. [PMID: 11780439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether urocortin is produced locally to regulate utero-placental vascular tone during pregnancy. METHODS We examined the distribution of urocortin in human placenta, fetal membranes and uterine tissue at term in the presence and absence of labor using a urocortin antibody produced in our laboratory and the immunoperoxidase staining method. Subsequently, we tested urocortin secretion from chorio-decidual cells in vitro using an immunoblot technique. Then, we tested whether urocortin is present in maternal plasma throughout gestation using a radioimmunoassay. A Sephadex G-50 column was used to examine whether immunoreactive urocortin (IR-urocortin) in maternal plasma is the same as synthetic urocortin. RESULTS IR-urocortin was observed in vascular smooth muscle of myometrium decidual stromal cells, syncytiotrophoblast and amnion epithelium. No differences in staining intensity for urocortin were detected between tissues obtained in the absence or presence of labor. Staining intensity for IR-urocortin was greatest in the decidua, suggesting this may be the main site of urocortin production. Positive staining for urocortin was observed in 40% of chorio-decidual cells with 34% of these cells secreting urocortin under basal conditions. Urocortin was detectable in maternal plasma from 16 weeks gestation and concentrations did not change as gestation progressed. IR-urocortin in the maternal plasma eluted from a Sephadex G-50 column at the same site as synthetic urocortin and had a calculated retention co-efficient of 0.44. CONCLUSION This study indicates that urocortin is produced by the decidua during human pregnancy and is detectable in maternal plasma. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that urocortin is produced locally by the decidua and may act to regulate utero-placental blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
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42
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Ye X, Sha J, Tang Y, Zheng Z, Yu B, Yang Y, Wu Y. [Application of cerium cytochemical method in observation of renal injury caused by oxygen free radical with cadmium induction]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 33:110-1. [PMID: 11864467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study acute renal injury caused by oxygen free radical with cadmium induction. METHODS Electron microscopy cytochemical and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis techniques were used. RESULTS Cadmium ions could enter the epithelial cells of renal proximal convoluted tubules. Excessive production of oxygen free radical was found in the kidney tissues, which located mainly in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, mitochondria of epithelial cells of renal proximal convoluted tubules, microvilli and basement membrane. Swelling of epithelial cells and mitochondria and drop of epithelial cells could occur in renal proximal convoluted tubules. CONCLUSION It suggests that cadmium ions can induce the formation of large amount of oxygen free radical and cause renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ye
- Institute for Biophysics, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
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43
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Ye X, Sha J, Zheng Z, Yu B, Li J, Yang Y, Wu Y. [The correlation of free radicals induced by cadmium toxicess with erythrocyte injury and band3 expression]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 33:18-20. [PMID: 11864449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of hydrogen peroxide induced by cadmium ion with erythrocyte injury and band3 expression. METHODS It was application immunoscanning electronmicroscopy and cytochemistry and EDX methods. RESULT Cadmium ion not only induced a lot of hydrogen peroxide but also caused serious distortion of erythrocyte. CONCLUSION Cadmium ion-induced free radicals lead to oxygen free radical damage of membrane and crytoskelecton of erythrocyte, affecting the stability and deformability and band3 expression in erythrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ye
- The second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
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44
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Zhu JH, Wang J, Cai B, Zhao W, Zhu Y, Chao R, Chen L, Xue H, Ying BL, Li CP, Hu QL, Sha J, Esposito JJ. Immunogenicity and relative attenuation of different vaccinia-rabies virus recombinants. Arch Virol 1996; 141:1055-65. [PMID: 8712923 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity and relative attenuation were examined for the following Tian Tan strain vaccinia-rabies recombinant viruses: 1) NGc-1, which coexpresses the glycoprotein (G) and nucleocapsid protein (N) of the rabies virus Challenge Virus Standard (CVS) strain; 2) Nc-1, which expresses the CVS N; 3) Gc-2, Gc-3, Gc-4, and Gc-5, which express CVS G via promoters from different vaccinia strains or from different vaccinia genome loci; 4) Ga-1, which expresses the G of rabies virus strain aG; and 5) Gas-1; which expresses the carboxyltruncated G ectodomain (Gs) of strain aG. All but Nc-1 and Gas-1 induced rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) and protected groups of mice at very high frequencies from intramuscular (IM) or intracranial (IC) challenge with CVS or SW1 Shanghai dog street rabies virus (SRV); Nc-1 and Gas-1 were partly protective, more frequently against IM challenge. NGc-1 and Gc-5 appeared to induce high levels of VNAs sooner after immunization than the other constructs in mice. Relative attenuation assessed by IM infection of neonatal mice, IC infection of adult mice, and intradermal infection of rabbits with varying doses was best for NGc-1. All the recombinants were at least 100-fold more attenuated than the parent, Tian Tan vaccinia virus. Gc-2, Gc-3, Gc-4, Gc-5, and NGc-1 induced VNAs after immunization of dogs, and a subset of VNA-positive animals vaccinated with NGc-1 or Gc-3 were protected against an otherwise lethal IM injection of SRV at 21 days after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Zhu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Ministry of Public Health, People's Republic of China
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45
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Sha J, Baker P, O'Shaughnessy PJ. Both reductive forms of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (types 1 and 3) are expressed during development in the mouse testis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 222:90-4. [PMID: 8630080 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Androstenedione is reduced to form testosterone by 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta HSD) and two different reductive isoforms of the enzyme have been identified (types 1 and 3). In this study, levels of mRNA encoding both reductive isoforms have been measured during fetal and post-natal development in the mouse. In fetal and neonatal testes mRNA encoding both type 1 and type 3 isoforms was present at relatively high levels reaching a peak at postnatal day 5. Thereafter, mRNA levels of both 17 beta HSD isoforms fell to low levels until day 30 when there was a marked increase in the levels of the type 3 isoform. The presence of the type 1 17 beta HSD enzyme in fetal testes may explain the virilization of the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct which occurs in pseudohermaphrodite individuals lacking the type 3 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, University of Glasgow, U.K
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46
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Sha J. An analysis of the correlation between the educational levels and economic status of the Chinese urban elderly population. Chin J Popul Sci 1990; 2:1-8. [PMID: 12283754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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47
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Sha J. Improving the educational make-up of the population. Chin J Popul Sci 1989; 1:31-41. [PMID: 12316558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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48
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Sha J, Wang S. [Mathematical model of value of population]. Renkou Yanjiu 1983:26-30. [PMID: 12279805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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