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Zha J, Yu YJ, Li GR, Wang SC, Qiao SG, Wang C, Bo HL. Lung protection effect of EIT-based individualized protective ventilation strategy in patients with partial pulmonary resection. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:5459-5467. [PMID: 37401282 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the lung protection effect of an individualized protective ventilation strategy based on lung impedance tomography (EIT) technology in patients with partial pulmonary resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty patients of any gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II, age 30-64 years and body mass index (BMI) 18-28 kg/m2 who underwent elective thoracoscopic partial lung resection were selected and divided into 2 groups (n=40) using the random number table method: [positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) by electrical impedance tomography (EIT)] PEEPEIT group (experimental group) and control group. The PEEPEIT group used volume-controlled ventilation after one-lung ventilation, setting a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg and titrating the optimal PEEP value by EIT. Group C used volume-controlled ventilation after one-lung ventilation, setting a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg and a PEEP of 5 cm H2O. Clinical data were collected and recorded at 5 min after double lung ventilation (T0), single lung ventilation, 30 min after PEEP setting (T1), 60 min after PEEP setting (T2), the end of surgery, 10 min after resumption of double lung ventilation (T3) and 10 min after removal of the tracheal tube (T4), and serum surface active substance-associated protein-A (SP-A) concentrations were measured at T0, T3 and 1 d after surgery (T5). RESULTS PEEP values were higher in the PEEPEIT group than in the control group at T1 and T2 (p-value <0.05); oxygenation index (OI) was higher in the PEEPEIT group compared to the control group at T2 and T3 (p-value <0.05); pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was higher in the PEEPEIT group compared to the control group at T1 and T2 (p-value <0.05); intrapulmonary shunt rate (Qs/Qt) was lower in the PEEPEIT group compared to the control group at T1, T2 and at T3, the intrapulmonary shunt rate (Qs/Qt) was reduced in the PEEPEIT group compared to group C (p-value <0.05); at T5, the SP-A protein was reduced in the PEEPEIT group compared to group C. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications between the two groups (p-value >0.05). CONCLUSIONS The EIT-guided individualized protective ventilation strategy has a lung-protective effect in patients undergoing thoracoscopic partial lung resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Ye C, Gosser C, Runyon ED, Zha J, Cai J, Beharry Z, Bowes Rickman C, Klingeborn M, Liu Y, Xie J, Cai H. Src family kinases engage differential pathways for encapsulation into extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Biol 2023; 2:e96. [PMID: 37588411 PMCID: PMC10426749 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous biological nanoparticles secreted by all cell types. Identifying the proteins preferentially encapsulated in secreted EVs will help understand their heterogeneity. Src family kinases including Src and Fyn are a group of tyrosine kinases with fatty acylation modifications and/or multiple lysine residues (contributing charge interaction) at their N-terminus. Here, we demonstrate that Src and Fyn kinases were preferentially encapsulated in EVs and fatty acylation including myristoylation and palmitoylation facilitated their encapsulation. Genetic loss or pharmacological inhibition of myristoylation suppressed Src and/or Fyn kinase levels in EVs. Similarly, loss of palmitoylation reduced Fyn levels in EVs. Additionally, mutation of lysine at sites 5, 7, and 9 of Src kinase also inhibited the encapsulation of myristoylated Src into EVs. Knockdown of TSG101, which is a protein involved in the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) protein complex mediated EVs biogenesis and led to a reduction of Src levels in EVs. In contrast, filipin III treatment, which disturbed the lipid raft structure, reduced Fyn kinase levels, but not Src kinase levels in EVs. Finally, elevated levels of Src protein were detected in the serum EVs of host mice carrying constitutively active Src-mediated prostate tumors in vivo. Collectively, the data suggest that different EVs biogenesis pathways exist and can regulate the encapsulation of specific proteins into EVs. This study provides an understanding of the EVs heterogeneity created by different EVs biogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Georgia AthensAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Cade Gosser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Georgia AthensAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ethan Daniel Runyon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Georgia AthensAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Junyi Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Georgia AthensAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jingwen Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Virgin IslandsUSA
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of OphthalmologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Georgia AthensAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Georgia AthensAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Medic I, Gulati S, Lenz HJ, Mahalingam D, Thomas J, Luo J, Zha J, DePaoli A, Tran-Muchowski C, Tseng C, Lieu H. 1402P Initial results of a cohort of advanced prostate cancer patients in a phase Ia study of NGM120, a first-in-class anti-GDNF family receptor alpha like (GFRAL) antibody. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Chen W, Yang L, Xu W, Liang Z, Ma L, Qu Y, Zhang J, Zha J, Xu L, Zhao C, Zhang F, Luo M, Li S, Xu Z, Kong F. IDO Immune Status After Radiotherapy in Patients With IV Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Exploratory Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu W, Ma L, Liang Z, Zhao C, Zhang F, Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Chen Z, Zha J, Han Y, Qu Y, Zhang J, Yang L, Kong F. P40.17 Palliative Radiotherapy Decreased K+ and Ca2+of the Blood in Patients With Stage IV Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liang Z, Ma L, Zhao C, Zhang F, Xu W, Xu L, Chen W, Chen Z, Zha J, Han Y, Qu Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Kong F. P40.03 Palliative Radiotherapy Decreased Circulating White Blood Cells in Patients With Stage IV Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liang Z, Zhao C, Zhang F, Xu W, Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zha J, Han Y, Qu Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Kong F. P40.05 Radiation-Related Platelet Reduction in Patients With Stage IV Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jain R, Kim E, Lenz HJ, Messersmith W, Picozzi V, Beg M, Weinberg B, Mahalingam D, Tran-Muchowski C, Yuan N, Lichtman J, Chen C, McDonald L, DePaoli A, Zha J, Hendifar A. 550P Initial results of a phase Ia/Ib study of NGM120, a first-in-class anti-GDNF family receptor alpha like (GFRAL) antibody in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ma Y, Zha J, Yang X, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yin A, Beharry Z, Huang H, Huang J, Bartlett M, Ye K, Yin H, Cai H. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 promotes prostate cancer progression by elevation of lipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Oncogene 2021; 40:1806-1820. [PMID: 33564069 PMCID: PMC8842993 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is essential for the biogenesis of cellular components and ATP production to sustain proliferation of cancer cells. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs), a group of rate-limiting enzymes in fatty acid metabolism, catalyze the bioconversion of exogenous or de novo synthesized fatty acids to their corresponding fatty acyl-CoAs. In this study, systematical analysis of ACSLs levels and the amount of fatty acyl-CoAs illustrated that ACSL1 were significantly associated with the levels of a broad spectrum of fatty acyl-CoAs, and were elevated in human prostate tumors. ACSL1 increased the biosynthesis of fatty acyl-CoAs including C16:0-, C18:0-, C18:1-, and C18:2-CoA, triglycerides and lipid accumulation in cancer cells. Mechanistically, ACSL1 modulated mitochondrial respiration, β-oxidation, and ATP production through regulation of CPT1 activity. Knockdown of ACSL1 inhibited the cell cycle, and suppressed the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro, and growth of prostate xenograft tumors in vivo. Our study implicates ACSL1 as playing an important role in prostate tumor progression, and provides a therapeutic strategy of targeting fatty acid metabolism for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Junyi Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - XiangKun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Qianjin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Amelia Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI 00802
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
| | - Michael Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,Institute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Hang Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,Correspondence to: Houjian Cai, Ph.D, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Room 418, Pharmacy South, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Athens, GA 30602, Office: 706-542-1079, FAX: 706-542-5358,
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Li S, Guo JH, Lu J, Wang C, Wu H, Wang H, Zha J, Fan R. I 125 irradiation stent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis: A meta-analysis. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:340-349. [PMID: 33455874 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and efficiency of I125 irradiation stent placement for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cochrane library, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CQVIP were systematically screened out from the earliest to December 2019. The qualities of all included studies were assessed. The primary endpoints were the 6-month, 12-month stent cumulative patency rate and 6-month, 12-month, 24-month overall survival rate while the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate of PVTT, main portal venous pressure changes and treatment-related adverse events. Our meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS Totally seven studies with 1018 patients were included in the final analysis, in which 602 patients received TACE and I125 irradiation stent placement, and 416 patients in control group underwent TACE and stent placement without endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT). Meta-analysis showed that the I125 irradiation stent improved the cumulative stent patency rates in 6months [OR=1.65, 95% CI (1.32-2.05), P<0.001] and 12months [OR=2.55, 95% CI (1.90-3.42), P<0.001] and the survival rates in 6months [OR=1.77, 95% CI (1.41-2.22), P<0.001], 12months [OR=3.14, 95% CI (2.24-4.40), P<0.001] and 24months [OR=7.39, 95% CI (3.55-15.41), P<0.001]. However, there was no difference in the objective response rate of PVTT [OR=1.13, 95% CI (0.87-1.48), P=0.365], main portal venous pressure and the occurrence adverse event [OR=0.88, CI=0.72-1.08, P=0.212] between two groups. CONCLUSION I125 irradiation stent seems to be more effective in treating hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. The usage of portal vein stent combined endovascular brachytherapy has the potential to act as an alternative therapy for HCC with PVTT. On account of the limitation of studies included, more studies with high-level evidence, such as RCTs, are requisite to support the above promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - J-H Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - J Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - C Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - H Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - J Zha
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - R Fan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Yu LF, Zhang YQ, Duan J, Ni Y, Gong XY, Lu ZY, Liao JX, Lu XP, Shi ZN, Lei MF, Zhong JM, Zha J, Zhou SZ. [Clinical characteristics and ketogenic diet therapy of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome in children: a multicenter clinical study]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:881-886. [PMID: 33120458 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200822-00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of pediatric glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1 DS), evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). Methods: Clinical data of 19 children with GLUT1 DS admitted to Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital between 2015 and 2019 were collected retrospectively. The first onset symptom, main clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid features and genetic testing results of patients were summarized, the efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet treatment were analyzed. Results: Among the 19 cases, 13 were males and 6 females. The age of onset was 11.0 (1.5-45.0) months,the age of diagnosis was 54.0 (2.8-132.0) months. Epilepsy was the first onset symptom of 13 cases. Different forms of tonic-clonic seizures were the most common types of epilepsy (7 cases with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 5 cases with focal tonic or clonic seizures, 4 cases with generalized tonic seizures). Antiepileptic drugs were effective in 4 cases. Paroxysmal motor dysfunction was present in 12 cases and ataxia was the most common one. All patients had different degrees of psychomotor retardation. Among 17 patients received cerebrospinal fluid examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose level was lower than 2.2 mmol/L and CSF glucose/glycemic index was<0.45 in 16 cases, only 1 case presented normal CSF glucose level (2.3 mmol/L) and normal CSF glucose/glycemic index(0.47). SLC2A1 gene mutations were found in 16 patients, missense, frameshift and nonsense mutations were the common types with 5 cases, 5 cases and 3 cases respectively. All 19 patients were treated with ketogenic diet, which was effective in 18 cases in seizure control, 11 cases in dyskinesia improvement and 18 cases in cognitive function improvement. No serious side effects were reported in any stage of KDT. Conclusions: The diagnosis of GLUT1 DS is often late. It is necessary to improve the early recognition of the disease and perform CSF glucose detection and genetic testing as early as possible. The KDT is an effective and safe treatment for GLUT1 DS, but a small number of patients have not response to diet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Yu
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Y Q Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
| | - J Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Y Ni
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - X Y Gong
- Department of Nutrition, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Z Y Lu
- Department of Nutrition, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - J X Liao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - X P Lu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Z N Shi
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - M F Lei
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
| | - J M Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J Zha
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - S Z Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Ma Y, Zhang X, Alsaidan OA, Yang X, Sulejmani E, Zha J, Beharry Z, Huang H, Bartlett M, Lewis Z, Cai H. Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4-Mediated Fatty Acid Metabolism Sustains Androgen Receptor Pathway-Independent Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:124-135. [PMID: 33077484 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has led to elevated cases of androgen receptor (AR) pathway-independent prostate cancer with dysregulated fatty acid metabolism. However, it is unclear how prostate cancer cells sustain dysregulated fatty acid metabolism to drive AR-independent prostate cancer. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) catalyze the conversion of fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoAs that are required for fatty acid metabolism. In this study, we demonstrate that expression levels of ACSL3 and 4 were oppositely regulated by androgen-AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. AR served as a transcription suppressor to bind at the ACSL4 promoter region and inhibited its transcription. Inhibition of androgen-AR signaling significantly downregulated ACSL3 and PSA, but elevated ACSL4 levels. ACSL4 regulated a broad spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA levels, and its catalytic efficiency in fatty acyl-CoAs biosynthesis was about 1.9- to 4.3-fold higher than ACSL3. In addition, in contrast to ACSL3, ACSL4 significantly regulated global protein myristoylation or myristoylation of Src kinase in prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of ACSL4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and xenograft growth of AR-independent prostate cancer cells. Our results suggest that the surge of ACSL4 levels by targeting AR signaling increases fatty acyl-CoAs biosynthesis and protein myristoylation, indicating the opposite, yet complementary or Yin-Yang regulation of ACSL3 and 4 levels in sustaining fatty acid metabolism when targeting androgen-AR signaling. This study reveals a mechanistic understanding of ACSL4 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of AR-independent prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS: AR coordinately regulates the expression of ACSL3 and ACSL4, such that AR pathway-independent prostate tumors become dependent on ACSL4-mediated fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Essilvo Sulejmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Junyi Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Michael Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Zachary Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia.
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Yang L, Xu Z, Chang A, Wang Q, Chen X, Shen L, Hui S, Lee K, Chan W, Zhou Y, Chen F, Zha J, Jin J, Kong F. A Potential Survival Impact of Blood Immune Cells in Patients with Cervical Carcinoma Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim S, Yang X, Yin A, Zha J, Beharry Z, Bai A, Bielawska A, Bartlett MG, Yin H, Cai H. Dietary palmitate cooperates with Src kinase to promote prostate tumor progression. Prostate 2019; 79:896-908. [PMID: 30900312 PMCID: PMC6502658 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic alterations have been identified during prostate cancer progression. The influence of environmental factors, particularly the diet, on the acceleration of tumor progression is largely unknown. Expression levels and/or activity of Src kinase are highly elevated in numerous cancers including advanced stages of prostate cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that high-fat diets (HFDs) promoted pathological transformation mediated by the synergy of Src and androgen receptor in vivo. Additionally, a diet high in saturated fat significantly enhanced proliferation of Src-mediated xenograft tumors in comparison with a diet high in unsaturated fat. The saturated fatty acid palmitate, a major constituent in a HFD, significantly upregulated the biosynthesis of palmitoyl-CoA in cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors in vivo. The exogenous palmitate enhanced Src-dependent mitochondrial β-oxidation. Additionally, it elevated the amount of C16-ceramide and total saturated ceramides, increased the level of Src kinase localized in the cell membrane, and Src-mediated downstream signaling, such as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase. Our results uncover how the metabolism of dietary palmitate cooperates with elevated Src kinase in the acceleration of prostate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Amelia Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Junyi Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965
| | - Aiping Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Alicja Bielawska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Michael G. Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Hang Yin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Liu S, Zha J, Lei M. Inhibiting ERK/Mnk/eIF4E broadly sensitizes ovarian cancer response to chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:374-381. [PMID: 28766096 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether ERK/MNK/eIF4E contributes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. METHODS The phosphorylated levels of Erk, Mnk, and eIF4E were systematically analyzed in ovarian cancer patients before and after chemotherapy, and ovarian cancer cells exposed to short- and long-term chemo-agent treatment. The roles of Erk/Mnk/eIF4E were investigated using pharmacological and genetic approaches. RESULTS Increased phosphorylation levels of ERK, Mnk1, and eIF4E were observed in ovarian cancer cell exposed to chemotherapeutic agents, and paclitaxel-resistant SK-OV-3-r cells, and is a common response of ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibits basal and chemodrug-induced phosphorylation of ERK as well as Mnk1 and eIF4E, suggesting that Mnk1/eIF4E are the downstream signaling of ERK pathway and chemotherapy agents activate ERK/MNK/eIF4E in a MEK-dependent manner. eIF4E overexpression promotes ovarian cancer cell growth without affecting migration. In addition, ovarian cancer cells with eIF4E overexpression are more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents in aspect of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction compared to control cells. In contrast, eIF4E depletion augments chemotherapeutic agents' effect in ovarian cancer cells. These demonstrate that eIF4E play roles in growth and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. MEK inhibitor U0126 also significantly enhances chemotherapeutic agents' inhibitory effects. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that ERK/Mnk/eIF4E activation is critically involved in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and inhibiting ERK/Mnk/eIF4E broadly sensitizes ovarian cancer response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, 443000, China.
| | - J Zha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - M Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, 443000, China
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16
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Zha J, Ming D, Jiang Y, Huang C, Jiang T, Chen C, Lin R, Su W, Gu S. Establishment of reference range for thyroid hormones in normal pregnant women in China’s coastal area. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2014. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog15892014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Zha J, Ming D, Jiang Y, Huang C, Jiang T, Chen C, Lin R, Su W, Gu S. Establishment of reference range for thyroid hormones in normal pregnant women in China's coastal area. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2014; 41:135-140. [PMID: 24779237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aims to establish reference ranges for thyroid hormones in normal pregnant women during their pregnancy period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A one-time cross-sectional survey was conducted on 490 normal pregnant women and 51 nonpregnant women (control). The serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) levels were measured. RESULTS The serum FT3 and FT4 levels in pregnant women decreased gradually from the first to the last three months of pregnancy (p < 0.01). The serum TSH level increased gradually during the whole pregnancy (p < 0.01), and was significantly lower than the control (p < 0.01) in the first three months. However, in the middle and last three months of pregnancy, TSH was higher than the control (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The thyroid hormone levels in normal pregnant women are different from those in non-pregnant women; significant differences exist among the three stages of pregnancy.
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Chen Y, Huang J, Ordonez C, Zhang J, Mahnke L, Zha J. 45 Drug-drug interactions between ivacaftor and midazolam or rosiglitazone in healthy volunteers. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Yu W, Pandita A, Penuel E, Raja R, Zha J, Mohan S, Patel RD, Desai R, Fu L, Do A, Mango J, Parab V, Lipkind M, Huang J, Lazarov M, Ramakrishnan V, Amler LC, Peterson AC, Patel PH, Yauch RL. Exploratory biomarker analyses from OAM4558g: A placebo-controlled phase II study of erlotinib with or without MetMAb in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Spigel DR, Ervin TJ, Ramlau R, Daniel DB, Goldschmidt JH, Blumenschein GR, Krzakowski MJ, Robinet G, Clement-Duchene C, Barlesi F, Govindan R, Patel T, Orlov SV, Wertheim MS, Zha J, Pandita A, Yu W, Yauch RL, Patel PH, Peterson AC. Final efficacy results from OAM4558g, a randomized phase II study evaluating MetMAb or placebo in combination with erlotinib in advanced NSCLC. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Accurso F, Rowe S, Durie P, Konstan M, Dunitz J, Hornick D, Sagel S, Boyle M, Uluer A, Moss R, Ramsey B, Freedman S, Dong Q, Zha J, Stone A, Olson E, Ordonez C, Clancy J, Campbell P, Ashlock M. Final results of a 14- and 28-day study of VX-770 in subjects with CF. J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Shang Y, Mao Y, Batson J, Scales SJ, Phillips G, Lackner MR, Totpal K, Williams S, Yang J, Tang Z, Modrusan Z, Tan C, Liang WC, Tsai SP, Vanderbilt A, Kozuka K, Hoeflich K, Tien J, Ross S, Li C, Lee SH, Song A, Wu Y, Stephan JP, Ashkenazi A, Zha J. Antixenograft tumor activity of a humanized anti-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor monoclonal antibody is associated with decreased AKT activation and glucose uptake. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2599-608. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kratz E, Eimon PM, Mukhyala K, Stern H, Zha J, Strasser A, Hart R, Ashkenazi A. Functional characterization of the Bcl-2 gene family in the zebrafish. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1631-40. [PMID: 16888646 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2 protein family control the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. To evaluate the importance of this family in vertebrate development, we investigated it in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that the zebrafish genome encodes structural and functional homologs of most mammalian Bcl-2 family members, including multi-Bcl-2-homology (BH) domain proteins and BH3-only proteins. Apoptosis induction by gamma-irradiation required zBax1 and zPuma, and could be prevented by overexpression of homologs of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members. Surprisingly, zebrafish Bax2 (zBax2) was homologous to mammalian Bax by sequence and synteny, yet demonstrated functional conservation with human Bak. Morpholino knockdown of both zMcl-1a and zMcl-1b revealed their critical role in early embryonic zebrafish development, and in the modulation of apoptosis activation through the extrinsic pathway. These data indicate substantial functional similarity between zebrafish and mammalian Bcl-2 family members, and establish the zebrafish as a relevant model for studying the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kratz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Eimon PM, Kratz E, Varfolomeev E, Hymowitz SG, Stern H, Zha J, Ashkenazi A. Delineation of the cell-extrinsic apoptosis pathway in the zebrafish. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1619-30. [PMID: 16888647 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian extrinsic apoptosis pathway is triggered by Fas ligand (FasL) and Apo2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL). Ligand binding to cognate receptors activates initiator caspases directly in a death-inducing signaling complex. In Drosophila, TNF ligand binding activates initiator caspases indirectly, through JNK. We characterized the extrinsic pathway in zebrafish to determine how it operates in a nonmammalian vertebrate. We identified homologs of FasL and Apo2L/TRAIL, their receptors, and other components of the cell death machinery. Studies with three Apo2L/TRAIL homologs demonstrated that they bind the receptors zHDR (previously linked to hematopoiesis) and ovarian TNFR (zOTR). Ectopic expression of these ligands during embryogenesis induced apoptosis in erythroblasts and notochord cells. Inhibition of zHDR, zOTR, the adaptor zFADD, or caspase-8-like proteases blocked ligand-induced apoptosis, as did antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Thus, the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in zebrafish closely resembles its mammalian counterpart and cooperates with the intrinsic pathway to trigger tissue-specific apoptosis during embryogenesis in response to ectopic Apo2L/TRAIL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Eimon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Korsmeyer SJ, Gross A, Harada H, Zha J, Wang K, Yin XM, Wei M, Zinkel S. Death and survival signals determine active/inactive conformations of pro-apoptotic BAX, BAD, and BID molecules. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2001; 64:343-50. [PMID: 11232306 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1999.64.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Korsmeyer
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Many apoptotic molecules relocate subcellularly in cells undergoing apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic protein BID underwent posttranslational (rather than classic cotranslational) N-myristoylation when cleavage by caspase 8 caused exposure of a glycine residue. N-myristoylation enabled the targeting of a complex of p7 and myristoylated p15 fragments of BID to artificial membranes bearing the lipid composition of mitochondria, as well as to intact mitochondria. This post-proteolytic N-myristoylation serves as an activating switch, enhancing BID-induced release of cytochrome c and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Scaffidi C, Schmitz I, Zha J, Korsmeyer SJ, Krammer PH, Peter ME. Differential modulation of apoptosis sensitivity in CD95 type I and type II cells. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:22532-8. [PMID: 10428830 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.32.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified two different pathways of CD95-mediated apoptosis (Scaffidi, C., Fulda, S., Srinivasan, A., Feng, L., Friesen, C., Tomaselli, K. J., Debatin, K.-M., Krammer, P. H., and Peter, M. E. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 1675-1687). CD95-mediated apoptosis in type I cells is initiated by large amounts of active caspase-8 formed at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) followed by direct cleavage of caspase-3. In contrast, in type II cells very little DISC and small amounts of active caspase-8 sufficient to induce the apoptogenic activity of mitochondria are formed causing a profound activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-3. Only in type II cells can apoptosis be blocked by overexpressed Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L). We now show that a number of apoptosis-inhibiting or -inducing stimuli only affect apoptosis in type II cells, indicating that they act on the mitochondrial branch of the CD95 pathway. These stimuli include the activation of protein kinase C, which inhibits CD95-mediated apoptosis resulting in a delayed cleavage of BID, and the induction of apoptosis by the ceramide analog C(2)-ceramide. In addition, we have identified the CD95 high expressing cell line Boe(R) as a CD95 apoptosis-resistant type II cell that can be sensitized by treatment with cycloheximide without affecting formation of the DISC. This also places the effects of cycloheximide in the mitochondrial branch of the type II CD95 pathway. In contrast, c-FLIP was found to block CD95-mediated apoptosis in both type I and type II cells, because it acts directly at the DISC of both types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scaffidi
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Shindler KS, Yunker AM, Cahn R, Zha J, Korsmeyer SJ, Roth KA. Trophic support promotes survival of bcl-x-deficient telencephalic cells in vitro. Cell Death Differ 1998; 5:901-10. [PMID: 10203689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of immature neurons is regulated by Bcl-xL, as targeted disruption of bcl-x significantly increases cell death in vivo and in vitro. Death of cultured bcl-x-deficient and wild-type telencephalic cells can be prevented by fetal calf serum or chemically-defined medium (ITS), suggesting trophic factors in these media potentiate survival through a pathway independent of Bcl-xL. Addition of trophic factors to basal medium revealed that insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), but not other trophic factors, reduced apoptosis of wild-type and bcl-x-deficient telencephalic cells. Antibodies raised against IGF-I receptors and wortmannin both attenuated the effects of IGF-I, indicating survival was mediated by IGF-I receptors and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase signaling, whereas effects of ITS were only partially reduced by these agents. The survival promoting effects of ITS were reduced in cells lacking both bcl-x and bcl-2, indicating Bcl-2 plays a supportive role to Bcl-xL in maintaining telencephalic cell survival. Furthermore, the ratio of expression of the pro-apoptotic bax gene to the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene was reduced in bcl-x-deficient cultures grown in ITS, suggesting that the interaction between these bcl-2 family members may, in part, regulate a Bcl-xL independent survival pathway. Finally, the pro-apoptotic bad gene does not appear to play a role in these interactions as targeted disruption of bad did not alter apoptosis in telencephalic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shindler
- Department of Pathology, Washington. University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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29
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Zha J, Wang Y, Ji Y, Wang W. [Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide fluorescence enhancement of aspirin]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 1998; 18:27-29. [PMID: 15810326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence intensities of aspirin with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide enhanced by micellar solutions have been examined. It is found that fluorescence enhancement depend on the concentration of CTAB and pH of solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of Hebei, Shijiazhuang
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Zha J, Harada H, Osipov K, Jockel J, Waksman G, Korsmeyer SJ. BH3 domain of BAD is required for heterodimerization with BCL-XL and pro-apoptotic activity. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:24101-4. [PMID: 9305851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BAD interacts with anti-apoptotic molecules BCL-2 and BCL-XL and promotes apoptosis. BAD is phosphorylated on serine residues in response to a survival factor, interleukin-3. Phosphorylated BAD cannot bind to BCL-XL or BCL-2 at membrane sites and is found in the cytosol bound to 14-3-3. We report here that deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis identified a BH3 domain within BAD that proved necessary for both its heterodimerization with BCL-XL and its death agonist activity. Substitution of the conserved Leu151 with Ala in the BH3 amphipathic alpha-helix abrogated both functions. The BAD Leu151 mutant was predominantly in the cytosol bound to 14-3-3. The BH3 domain of BCL-2 also proved important for BCL-2/BAD interaction. These results establish a critical role for a BH3 domain within BAD and provide evidence that BAD may function as a death ligand whose pro-apoptotic activity requires heterodimerization with BCL-XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Zha J, Endrenyi L. Variation of the peak concentration following single and repeated drug administrations in investigations of bioavailability and bioequivalence. J Biopharm Stat 1997; 7:191-204. [PMID: 9056598 DOI: 10.1080/10543409708835179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Contrasts were evaluated for the maximum blood or plasma concentration (C(max)) of drugs measured after repeated and single oral administrations. Variances of C(max) were calculated and also simulated for a single drug as well as the comparison of two formulations, i.e., for the analysis of investigations of both bioavailability and bioequivalence. The coefficient of variation (CV) of C(max) was higher in the steady state than after a single drug administration when the variability of the disposition rate constant (k) was substantially larger than that of the absorption rate constant (k(a)). In turn, the CV of C(max) was substantially lower following repeated than after single drug administration when the variability of k(a) dominated that of k. The latter condition often prevails in practice since the relative variation of absorption rates generally substantially exceeds that of clearance (the latter being proportional to k). The statistical insensitivity is superimposed on the low kinetic sensitivity exhibited by C(max) following repeated drug administrations. Consequently, bioequivalence trials conducted in the steady state generally permit a declaration of equivalence even between drug products that have very different absorption rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Zha J, Harada H, Yang E, Jockel J, Korsmeyer SJ. Serine phosphorylation of death agonist BAD in response to survival factor results in binding to 14-3-3 not BCL-X(L). Cell 1996; 87:619-28. [PMID: 8929531 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1973] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular survival factors alter a cell's susceptibility to apoptosis, often through posttranslational mechanisms. However, no consistent relationship has been established between such survival signals and the BCL-2 family, where the balance of death agonists versus antagonists determines susceptibility. One distant member, BAD, heterodimerizes with BCL-X(L) or BCL-2, neutralizing their protective effect and promoting cell death. In the presence of survival factor IL-3, cells phosphorylated BAD on two serine residues embedded in 14-3-3 consensus binding sites. Only the nonphosphorylated BAD heterodimerized with BCL-X(L) at membrane sites to promote cell death. Phosphorylated BAD was sequestered in the cytosol bound to 14-3-3. Substitution of serine phosphorylation sites further enhanced BAD's death-promoting activity. The rapid phosphorylation of BAD following IL-3 connects a proximal survival signal with the BCL-2 family, modulating this checkpoint for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Abstract
We have investigated the in vivo pathogenic properties of two molecularly cloned strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-1NL4-3 and HIV-1JR-CSF, in human fetal thymus/liver implants in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Studies comparing their in vivo replication kinetics and abilities to induce CD4+ thymocyte depletion were performed. HIV-1NL4-3 replicated in vivo with faster kinetics and induced greater levels of CD4+ thymocyte depletion than did HIV-1JR-CSF. These results demonstrate that different viral isolates have different pathogenic properties in this system. In the SCID-hu model, this pathogenesis most likely occurs in the absence of an immune response. Therefore, we investigated whether the absence of immune selection resulted in extensive genetic variation and the generation of viral quasispecies. To this end, DNA corresponding to the fourth variable domain region of the viral envelope gp120 protein recovered from biopsy samples at 6 weeks postinfection was sequenced. Little genetic variation was noted in either HIV-1JR-CSF- or HIV-1NL4-3-infected implants. The mutation levels demonstrated in both viral strains were more reflective of the acute rather than the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection in humans. These results suggest that the SCID-hu mouse model can be used to study the in vivo pathogenicity of different HIV-1 isolates in the absence of host immune selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine 90095, USA
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Abstract
To extend the mammalian cell death pathway, we screened for further Bcl-2 interacting proteins. Both yeast two-hybrid screening and lambda expression cloning identified a novel interacting protein, Bad, whose homology to Bcl-2 is limited to the BH1 and BH2 domains. Bad selectively dimerized with Bcl-xL as well as Bcl-2, but not with Bax, Bcl-xs, Mcl-1, A1, or itself. Bad binds more strongly to Bcl-xL than Bcl-2 in mammalian cells, and it reversed the death repressor activity of Bcl-xL, but not that of Bcl-2. When Bad dimerized with Bcl-xL, Bax was displaced and apoptosis was restored. When approximately half of Bax was heterodimerized, death was inhibited. The susceptibility of a cell to a death signal is determined by these competing dimerizations in which levels of Bad influence the effectiveness of Bcl-2 versus Bcl-xL in repressing death.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare efficiencies of randomized dose- and concentration-controlled trials (RDCT and RCCT) for estimating the parameters of concentration-effect relationships. RATIONALE In 1991 Sanathanan and Peck (Controlled Clin Trials 1991;12:780-94) suggested that estimation by RDCT is biased and much less efficient than analysis by RCCT. Their conclusion was based on a pharmacodynamic model that characterizes the effect of theophylline in subjects with asthma, in which the response was related linearly to a limited range of concentrations and independent of concentration otherwise. Therefore it was intended to explore whether the conclusion of Sanathanan and Peck applied to other pharmacodynamic models. RESULTS The results of Sanathanan and Peck were confirmed for the restricted linear, baseline-plateau model: with large pharmacokinetic and no pharmacodynamic variability, RCCT was 3.1 times more efficient than RDCT. However, under the same conditions, the efficiency of RCCT exceeded that of RDCT only 1.5 and 1.2 times when response was related, without restrictions, to concentration and log concentration, respectively. Moreover, in the presence of even moderate pharmacodynamic variability, the ratio of RCCT/RDCT efficiencies did not exceed 1.30 and 1.08, respectively. The parameters estimated by RDCT with these two models were not biased. Finally, in the presence of interindividual variability of the median effective concentration (EC50), pharmacokinetic variability did not affect the observed variation of the parameters in the log-linear pharmacodynamic relationship. CONCLUSIONS RCCT generally estimates pharmacodynamic parameters with an efficiency that is not much higher than, or even similar to, those yielded by RDCT. Therefore statistical benefits often do not call for the application of RCCT. However, sometimes its use should be seriously considered, particularly for drugs having small therapeutic indexes or when the baseline and plateau of the response occur near the therapeutic region of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Endrenyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Univeristy of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Transcription during the lytic cycle of phage Mu occurs in three phases: early, middle, and late. Late transcription requires the Mu C protein and initiates at four promoters: Plys, PI, PP, and Pmom. Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated 30 min after heat induction of Mu cts lysogens demonstrated that the full-length lys and P transcripts were approximately 7.6 and 6.3 kb long, respectively. The 3' ends of the lys and P transcripts were further localized by S1 nuclease mapping to intergenic regions between G and I and between U and U' in both the G(+) and G(-) orientations of the invertible G segment, respectively. As expected, when DNA fragments containing these termination regions were cloned into plasmids between Pgal and the galK gene, they showed efficient termination activity, even in a Rho-deficient background. Deletion analysis indicated that efficient termination required the presence of potential RNA stem-loop structures immediately preceding the RNA 3' ends. For the P transcript from phage with the G(-) orientation, full termination activity required both the region containing the stem-loop structure and upstream sequences. Taken together, these results suggest that the transcription termination sites of the lys and P transcripts are Rho-independent terminators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Poncet E, Lafourcade J, Zha J, Autier C. [Voice disorders and laryngeal malformations in the "crying cat disease" chromosome abnormality]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1965; 82:865-8. [PMID: 5850964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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