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Kim BY, Park JY, Cho KJ, Bae JH. The potential cytotoxic effects of urban particle matter on olfaction. Rhinology 2021; 59:528-537. [PMID: 34636368 DOI: 10.4193/rhin21.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban particulate matter (UPM) in ambient air is implicated in a variety of human health issues worldwide, however, few studies exist on the effect of UPM on the olfactory system. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the destruction of the olfactory system in a mouse model following UPM exposure. METHODS Mice were divided into: control and four UPM-exposed groups (200 µg UPM at 1 and 2 weeks, and 400 µg UPM at 1 and 2 weeks [standard reference material 1649b; average particle diameter 10.5 μm]). The olfactory neuroepithelium was harvested for histologic examination, gene ontology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to the control group, olfactory marker protein, Olfr1507, ADCY3, and GNAL mRNA levels were lower, and S-100, CNPase, NGFRAP1, BDNF, and TACR3 mRNA levels were higher in the olfactory neuroepithelium of the UPM groups. Moderately positive correlation was present between the 1- and 2-week groups. After analyzing the 200 and 400 UPM groups separately, the strength of the association between the 200 UPM 1- and 2-week groups was moderately positive. No differences was present in the neuroepithelial inflammatory marker levels between the UPM and control groups. CONCLUSIONS UPM could have cytotoxic effects on the olfactory epithelium. The exposure time and particular concentration of UPM exposure could affect the degree of destruction of the olfactory neuroepithelium. The olfactory regeneration mechanism could be related to the neurotrophic factors, olfactory ensheathing cell stimulation, and trigeminal nerve support.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-Y Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, South-Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of clinical laboratory, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu City, Gyeonggi-do, South-Korea
| | - K J Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu City, Gyeonggi-do, South-Korea
| | - J H Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University of Korea, Seoul, South-Korea
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Abstract
Purpose: To examine and elucidate the mechanisms for apparent “penetration” by Greenfield vena caval filters. Methods: Two filters were placed in the inferior venae cavae (IVC) of four immature sheep and followed with cavography for 1 year. Two animals underwent computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopic examination. At necropsy, the vena cava and adjacent structures of all four animals were examined grossly and histologically. Results: Based upon cavography and CT imaging, all filters appeared to penetrate the vena cava at 12 months. However, at laparoscopy, no hooks or limbs were exposed, and the pericaval tissues remained intact; each hook or limb was within the adventitia or encapsulated in scar tissue. Histology of the tissue at the hook sites revealed remodeling of the intimal surface of the IVC and thinning of the adventitia. Conclusions: Based upon these data, we hypothesize that the vena cava gradually adapts by medial and adventitial thinning and myointimal remodeling to the radial force exerted by a filter. This process allows increase in the filter base diameter while maintaining the integrity of the cava and protecting adjacent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Proctor
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Eom HJ, Lee JH, Ko MS, Choi YJ, Yoon RG, Cho KJ, Nam SY, Baek JH. Comparison of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy under ultrasonographic guidance for detecting malignancy and for the tissue-specific diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1188-93. [PMID: 25678480 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diagnostic test accuracy studies for ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy have shown inconclusive results due to their heterogenous study designs. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration versus ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy for detecting malignant tumors of the salivary gland and for the tissue-specific diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in a single tertiary hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was waived. Four hundred twelve patients who underwent ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (n = 155) or ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy (n = 257) with subsequent surgical confirmation or clinical follow-up were enrolled. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy regarding malignant salivary gland tumors and the correct tissue-specific diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. We also tested the difference between these procedures according to the operator's experience and lesion characteristics. RESULTS The inconclusive rates of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy were 19% and 4%, respectively (P < .001). The overall accuracy of ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy for diagnosing malignant tumors was significantly higher than that of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (P = .024). The correct tissue-specific diagnosis rates of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy were 95% versus 97% for benign tumors (P = .648) and 67% versus 80% for malignant tumors (P = .310). Trainees showed significantly lower accuracy with ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration than with ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy for diagnosing malignant tumors (P = .021). There was no difference between the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy according to the internal composition of the lesions. There were no complications requiring intervention or hospitalization in our patients. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy is superior to ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration in detecting and characterizing malignant tumors of the salivary gland and could emerge as the diagnostic method of choice for patients presenting with a salivary gland mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Eom
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (H.-J.E., J.H.L., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., J.H.B.)
| | - J H Lee
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (H.-J.E., J.H.L., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., J.H.B.)
| | - M-S Ko
- Departments of Health Medicine (M.-S.K.)
| | - Y J Choi
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (H.-J.E., J.H.L., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., J.H.B.)
| | - R G Yoon
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (H.-J.E., J.H.L., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., J.H.B.)
| | | | - S Y Nam
- Otolaryngology (S.Y.N.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Baek
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (H.-J.E., J.H.L., Y.J.C., R.G.Y., J.H.B.)
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Koh JS, Ko HJ, Wang SM, Cho KJ, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Pae CU. The impact of depression and somatic symptoms on treatment outcomes in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a preliminary study in a naturalistic treatment setting. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:478-85. [PMID: 24471930 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of depression and somatic symptoms on treatment outcomes in Korean male patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) attending a routine clinical practice. METHODS This was a 12-week prospective observational study (n = 80). The Korean version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) to measure the severity of CP/CPPS, the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression, the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) to evaluate somatisation and the Korean version of the EuroQol Questionnaire-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), specifically the EQ-5D utility index and the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS), to assess quality of life, were utilised and given at baseline and week 12. The primary and secondary end-points in this study were changes in the NIH-CPSI total score from baseline to week 12 according to depression and somatisation. RESULTS The change in NIH-CPSI total score was significantly higher in those without depression than in those with depression (p = 0.003), with a magnitude of difference of 2.8. The responder rate (a ≥ 4 point decrease in NIH-CPSI total score from baseline) was significantly higher in those without depression (42.9%) than in those with depression (17.2%, p = 0.023). However, significant differences were not observed between the two groups in the other outcome measures or in all study outcomes between subjects with or without somatisation. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence or absence of depression may be a principal predictor of response to treatment. CONCLUSION These preliminary results indicate that depression may have a negative impact on treatment outcome and is a likely predictor of response to treatment in patients with CP/CPPS. However, additional studies with adequate power and improved design are necessary to further support the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koh JS, Cho KJ, Kim HS, Kim JC. Twelve-month medication persistence in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:197-202. [PMID: 24372906 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess patients' baseline characteristics and provider factors influencing the continuation of medication for 12 months in patients who were newly diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS This study was conducted in patients with newly diagnosed lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/BPH (age ≥ 40) who received either one or a combination of the two pharmacological classes of drugs (alpha-blockers or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) from January 2008 to January 2010. Patient demographics and clinical data were assessed from the electronic patient records and telephone surveys. Persistence was defined as continuation of all BPH medications prescribed at the start of the first treatment. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between 12-month persistence and patient or provider factors. RESULTS Of the 789 newly diagnosed LUTS/BPH patients, 670 (84.9%) were included in the study. Twelve-month persistence for LUTS/BPH medication was 36.6%. Independent predictors of 12-month medication persistence included larger prostate volume, higher prostate specific antigen, having an adequate income and a good patient-doctor relationship. Important reasons for discontinuation were resolved symptoms (31.1%), no improvement in symptoms (23.7%) and adverse events (20.0%). CONCLUSIONS About two-thirds of newly diagnosed LUTS/BPH patients discontinued medications within 1 year of starting treatment. We found several potential patient and provider factors associated with persistence, which could be exploited to increase continuation of treatment in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis from an allergen-driven T helper type 2 (Th2) response is characterized by conjunctival eosinophilic infiltration. Association between signalling through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and adaptive immune responses has been observed in allergic airway disease. We examined whether administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a prototypic bacterial product that activates immune cells via TLR-4, could affect the development of allergic conjunctivitis and modify the immune response to ovalbumin (OVA) allergen in an experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) model. Mice were challenged with two doses of OVA via conjunctival sac after systemic challenge with OVA in alum. Several indicators for allergy were evaluated in wild-type and TLR-4(-/-) mice with or without adding of different doses of LPS into OVA in alum. Mice challenged with OVA via conjunctival sac following systemic challenge with OVA in alum had severe allergic conjunctivitis. Of interest, LPS administration markedly suppressed immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated and eosinophil-dependent conjunctival inflammation. In addition, mice sensitized with OVA plus LPS had less interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and eotaxin secretion than mice sensitized with OVA only. The suppression of allergic response by LPS administration was due to Th1 shift. In contrast, the presence of LPS during sensitization with OVA had no effect on severity of allergic conjunctivitis and Th2 responses in TLR4-4(-/-) mice. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that LPS suppresses Th2 responses via the TLR-4-dependent pathway in the EAC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea
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Cho KJ, Kang JS, Cho WT, Lee CH, Ha JK, Song KB. In vitro degradation of zearalenone by Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1921-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cho KJ, Lee BI, Cheon SY, Kim HW, Kim HJ, Kim GW. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear huntingtin fragments in a mouse model of Huntington disease. Neuroscience 2009; 163:1128-34. [PMID: 19646509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized clinically by chorea, psychiatric disturbances, and dementia, while it is characterized pathologically by neuronal inclusions as well as striatal and cortical neurodegeneration. The neurodegeneration arises from the loss of long projection neurons in the cortex and striatum. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) in the pathogenesis of HD. We analyzed the expression of Ask1 and huntingtin (htt) within the striatum and cortex and also examined the interaction of Ask1 with htt fragments in HD (R6/2) mice. Additionally, we inhibited Ask1 and analyzed the resulting changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, motor function, and striatal atrophy. Ask1 activity was blocked using an Ask1 antibody raised against the C-terminus of the Ask1 protein. The anti-Ask1 antibody was infused into the striatum of the HD mice for four weeks using a micro-osmotic pump. The levels of Ask1 protein and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were increased in HD mice. Binding of inactivated Ask1 to htt fragments was more prevalent in the cytosol than the nucleus of cortical neurons. Binding of inactivated Ask1 to htt fragments prevented translocation of the htt fragments into the nucleus, resulting in an improvement in motor dysfunction and atrophy. In the normal state, active Ask1 may help htt fragments enter the nucleus, while inactivated Ask1 hinders this translocation by binding to but not releasing fragmented htt into the nucleus. We propose that Ask1 may interact with htt fragments and subsequently induce ER stress. BDNF depletion may be prevented by targeting Ask1; this would decrease ER stress and possibly ameliorate behavioral or anatomical abnormalities that accompany HD. Therefore, regulating the amounts and activity of the Ask1 protein is a novel strategy for treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Neurology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with splenic vein occlusion may present a diagnostic problem when the location, morphology, and cause of the obstructive lesion and the associated collateral veins cannot be clearly defined by standard diagnostic imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance venography, or indirect splenoportography (arterial portography). PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) wedged arterial splenoportography for definitive investigation of splenic vein occlusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following unsuccessful diagnosis with computed tomography and standard contrast arterial portography in a patient with recurrent gastric variceal bleeding, CO(2) was injected into a wedged splenic arterial catheter and successfully outlined splenic vein occlusion and gastric varices. Our experience with this patient prompted us to perform an experimental study in swine to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of CO(2) wedged arterial splenoportography for visualization of the splenic and portal veins. A microcatheter was advanced coaxially and wedged into the splenic arteries of three pigs. After checking the wedged positioning with contrast medium injection, CO(2) was injected manually and the splenic region imaged. The spleens were then removed for gross and microscopic examinations. RESULTS In the patient, CO(2) wedged arterial splenoportography demonstrated gastric varices associated with splenic vein occlusion. In all animals, CO(2) wedged arterial splenoportography visualized the splenic and portal veins. No CO(2) extravasations occurred in the spleen. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed no evidence of splenic rupture or intrasplenic hematoma. CONCLUSION CO(2) wedged arterial splenoportography may be a useful method for visualizing gastric varices associated with splenic vein occlusion. This new technique has the potential to replace the standard splenic arterial portography for visualization of splenic and portal veins, thus eliminating the need for injection of a large volume of iodinated contrast material. Further clinical studies are justified to evaluate this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. H. Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K. J. Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Cha EY, Kim KW, Choi YJ, Song JS, Cho KJ, Lee MG. Multicystic cavernous haemangioma of the liver: ultrasonography, CT, MR appearances and pathological correlation. Br J Radiol 2008; 81:e37-9. [PMID: 18238911 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/36041107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the hepatic haemangiomas with atypical features when studied radiologically, the multicystic type is extremely rare. We report a case of multicystic hepatic haemangioma in a 62-year-old woman, which was found incidentally during ultrasound screening. Because the tumour showed atypical features on ultrasonography, CT and MRI, the correct diagnosis was not made until the surgery. In this report, the atypical radiological findings are illustrated and correlated with pathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Y Cha
- Department of Radiology and Research Institution of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine-Asan Medical Centre, 388-1 Pungnap-2 dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Watanabe T, Zeng DY, Cho KJ, Kuroda M. Effective sludge solubilization treatment by simultaneous use of ultrasonic and electrochemical processes. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:37-42. [PMID: 16749437 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sludge disintegration treatment by using simultaneously ultrasonic irradiation and electrolysis was investigated experimentally. A lab-scale diaphragm cell irradiated with ultrasound at a constant oscillating frequency of 20 kHz was used as a reactor. The batch experiments were carried out under different conditions of electric outputs of the ultrasonic generator, electric current for the electrolysis and different initial SS concentrations. A simultaneous treatment in the cathodic compartment without any chemical doses considerably facilitated the sludge solubilization, compared to the sonication alone. An increase in the electric current up to 400 mA under a constant ultrasonic density decreased the specific energy by 55% within the experimental range. The specific energy consumption was also reduced when the initial SS concentration increased. In addition, before carrying out the simultaneous treatment, a brief electrolysis was effective for further reduction of the specific energy and the acceleration of soluble COD generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Watanabe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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Abstract
The settling velocity or removal rates of problem algae in the water treatment process and their flocculants were measured with settling column (SETCOL) and fluorometric method. Our research who were centred on the algal density and shape affecting the settling. The settling velocities of large algae ranged from 0.1 cm/h to 2.6 cm/h, whereas those of small algae were below 1.0 cm/h. The settlings of algae in the stationary growth phase significantly increased and dead algae corresponded with the declining algae. The extent of deformation, which was expressed as the coefficient of form resistance of the algae had the great influences upon the settling. The most extreme deformed algae were needle-shaped ones like Synedra acus, which was known to be a problem in water treatment processes in Korea. Changes in the settling velocity of algae were correlated with algal volume and morphology rather than cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Choi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
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Kim SB, Park SI, Kim JH, Jung HY, Lee GH, Park JH, Ahn JH, Cho KJ, Song HY, Min YI. A phase II trial of preoperative one cycle of induction chemotherapy [capecitibine (CAP), CDDP] followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) in patients (pts) with resectable esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Kim
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S. I. Park
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Kim
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Y. Jung
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G. H. Lee
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Park
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Ahn
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K. J. Cho
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Y. Song
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. I. Min
- Asan Medcl Ctr, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Peng S, Mann D, Cao J, Tu R, Cho KJ, Dai H. On the Origin of Preferential Growth of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:6968-71. [PMID: 16851791 DOI: 10.1021/jp050868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A correlation is observed between the diameters (d) of single-walled carbon nanotubes and the percentages of metallic and semiconducting tubes synthesized at 600 degrees C by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Small tubes (d approximately 1.1 nm) show semiconductor percentages that are much higher than expected for a random chirality distribution. Density functional theory calculations reveal differences in the heat of formation energies for similar-diameter metallic, quasi-metallic, and semiconducting nanotubes. Semiconducting tubes exhibit the lowest energies and the stabilization scales with approximately 1/d(2). This could be a thermodynamic factor in the preferential growth of small semiconducting nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Watanabe T, Jin HW, Cho KJ, Kuroda M. Application of a bio-electrochemical reactor process to direct treatment of metal pickling wastewater containing heavy metals and high strength nitrate. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50:111-118. [PMID: 15566194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental performance of a bio-electrochemical reactor for the direct treatment of metal pickling wastewater was investigated experimentally. In the reactor, carbon anode and cathode were installed. On the cathode, denitrifying microorganisms were immobilized. Continuous experiments were carried out by feeding a synthetic wastewater containing nitrate and binary heavy metal ions, copper and lead, under different operating conditions. Acetate as well as the electric current was supplied at the minimum amount for stoichiometry of the dissimilatory denitrification reaction. The results indicated that the dissolved copper and lead removal, denitrification and neutralization could be achieved simultaneously in a single bio-electrochemical reactor. The dissolved heavy metals were removed by electrochemical deposition on cathode and by the other phenomena such as the formation of insoluble suspensions and the sorption on suspended bacterial sludge. Denitrification proceeded effectively with the utilization of both added acetate and hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis of water. The pH value increased up to around neutral due to the occurrence of denitrification in the reactor, although the influent pH was less than 3. The removal efficiencies of heavy metals and nitrate increased with increasing the current density. The applied electric current was indispensable for sustaining the stable treatment in the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Watanabe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gunma University, Japan.
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Qi P, Vermesh O, Grecu M, Javey A, Wang Q, Dai H, Peng S, Cho KJ. Toward Large Arrays of Multiplex Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Molecular Detection. Nano Lett 2003; 3:347-351. [PMID: 36517998 DOI: 10.1021/nl034010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of electrical devices with each comprising multiple single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) bridging metal electrodes are obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of nanotubes across prefabricated electrode arrays. The ensemble of nanotubes in such a device collectively exhibits large electrical conductance changes under electrostatic gating, owing to the high percentage of semiconducting nanotubes. This leads to the fabrication of large arrays of low-noise electrical nanotube sensors with 100% yield for detecting gas molecules. Polymer functionalization is used to impart high sensitivity and selectivity to the sensors. Polyethyleneimine coating affords n-type nanotube devices capable of detecting NO2 at less than 1 ppb (parts-per-billion) concentrations while being insensitive to NH3. Coating Nafion (a polymeric perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer) on nanotubes blocks NO2 and allows for selective sensing of NH3. Multiplex functionalization of a nanotube sensor array is carried out by microspotting. Detection of molecules in a gas mixture is demonstrated with the multiplexed nanotube sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Mihai Grecu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Ali Javey
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Shu Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - K J Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Abstract
We report MR findings of a case of basal cell adenoma arising in the parapharyngeal space. On MR imaging, the mass was a well-circumscribed cystic and solid tumor with a thin fibrous capsule and intratumoral hemorrhage. It was confined to the parapharyngeal space, separating from the deep lobe of the parotid gland. The solid portion of the tumor was slightly hypointense/hyperintense to the muscle on T1-/T2-weighted images and was relatively well enhanced on Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images. The cystic contents of the mass were hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted images and were proven to be a hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-Dong, Songpa-Ku, 138-736, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho KJ, Su W, Chen WC, Law YP, Fang HC, Liu CP, Cheng JS, Lee KC, Lo YK, Chang HT, Huang JK, Jan CR. Mechanism of bifonazole-induced [Ca2+]i increases in MDCK renal tubular cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2001; 44:97-101. [PMID: 11767287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the antifungal drug bifonazole on Ca2+ homeostasis in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was investigated. Cell suspensions were loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2, and the fluorescence changes were measured with a spectrofluorophotometer. At concentrations between 10-80 microM bifonazole increased cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca2+ signals were partly inhibited by removing extracellular Ca2+. Bifonazole (40 microM) released Ca2+ from the store sensitive to 1 microM thapsigargin, an endopolasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor. Bifonazole (40 microM) per se induced capacitative Ca2+ entry while reduced 1 microM thapsigargin-induced capacitative Ca2+ entry. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate may be involved in bifonazole-induced Ca2+ release because inhibiting phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122 partly reduced the bifonazole response. Together, bifonazole increased [Ca2+]i in renal tubular cells by inducing intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Shin JH, Lee HK, Rhim SC, Cho KJ, Choi CG, Suh DC. Spinal epidural extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma: MR findings in two cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22:795-8. [PMID: 11290502 PMCID: PMC7976002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY We report the CT myelography and MR findings of two cases of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma involving the spinal epidural and paravertebral spaces in a middle-aged man (case 1) and a young woman (case 2). In both cases CT myelography showed epidural and paravertebral masses on one side, with widening of the ipsilateral neural foramina at the C5-C6 level in case 1 and at the C7-T1 level in case 2. On MR images, the masses were isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and showed moderate enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. In one case, all pulse sequences showed linear signal voids, representing the vertebral artery encasement within the mass. The intradural component connected with the main mass was detected in the other case.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shin
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho KJ, Yun CH, Packer L, Chung AS. Inhibition mechanisms of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 928:141-56. [PMID: 11795505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima, Pycnogenol (PYC), on gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells and Jurkat E6.1 cells, respectively. PYC exerted strong scavenging activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by H2O2 in RAW 264.7. In situ ELISA, immunoblot analysis, and competitive RT-PCR demonstrated that pretreatment of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with PYC dose-dependently reduced both the production of IL-1beta and its mRNA levels. Furthermore, in the same cells, PYC blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), two major transcription factors centrally involved in IL-1beta gene expression. Concordantly, pretreatment of the cells with PYC abolished the LPS-induced IkappaB degradation. We also investigated the effect of PYC on IL-2 gene expression in phorbol 12-myristate 13acetate plus ionomycin (PMA/Io)-stimulated human T-cell line Jurkat E6.1. PYC inhibited the PMA/Io-induced IL-2 mRNA expression. However, as demonstrated in a reporter gene assay system, the mechanism of IL-2 gene transcriptional regulation by PYC was different from the regulation of IL-1beta. PYC inhibited both NF-AT and AP-1 chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activities in transiently transfected Jurkat E6.1, but not NF-kappaB CAT activity. We also found that PYC can destabilize PMA/Io-induced IL-2 mRNA by posttranscriptional regulation. All these results suggest that bioflavonids can be useful therapeutic agents in treating many inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases based on its diverse action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the five vena caval filters marketed in the United States and one investigational vena caval filter and to determine whether there is an association between their design and their in vivo function. METHODS Four of each type of filter--Simon Nitinol (SN), Bird's Nest (BN), Vena Tech (VT), Greenfield stainless steel (PSGF), Greenfield titanium (TGF), and the investigational stent cone filter (NGF)--were studied for 60 days in 12 sheep. Radiographic and pathologic outcomes to be assessed included clot capture and resolution, vena caval penetration, position of the filter, thrombogenicity, and vessel wall reaction. RESULTS Filters differed with respect to the number of clot-trapping levels and the interdependence of the legs. All devices were successfully placed. Intentionally embolized clot was captured. One VT and two SN filters migrated in response to clot capture. Resolution of thrombus was variable, and related to the design of the device. Fibrin webbing was widely present with the VT, BN, and SN filters but limited in the others. The VT and NGF filters demonstrated the most stable filter base diameter. CONCLUSIONS The performance of vena caval filters differs with respect to clot resolution and mechanical stability. Interdependent filter limbs and single-stage conical capture sites appear to result in more favorable performance in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Proctor
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor 48109-0346, USA
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22
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Cho KJ, Yun CH, Yoon DY, Cho YS, Rimbach G, Packer L, Chung AS. Effect of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 168:64-71. [PMID: 11000101 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, bioflavonoids have been known to have strong antioxidant capacities, and a variety of efforts have been made to identify the utilities of bioflavonoids in treating various diseases based on their antioxidant capacities. The effects of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima Pycnogenol (PYC) on free radical formation, activation of redox sensitive transcription factors, as well as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) production were investigated in murine macrophage cell lines. PYC exerted strong scavenging activities against reactive oxygen species generated either by H(2)O(2) or PMA in RAW 264.7 and IC-21 cells, respectively. In situ ELISA, immunoblot analysis, and competitive RT-PCR demonstrated that PYC pretreatment of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells dose-dependently reduced both the production of IL-1 beta and its mRNA levels. Furthermore, in the same cells, PYC blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), two major transcription factors centrally involved in IL-1 beta gene expression. When RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS, the inhibitor protein I kappa B largely disappeared from cytosolic fractions. However, pretreatment of the cells with PYC abolished the LPS-induced I kappa B degradation. These results suggest that PYC can inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors. This study may support the possibility that bioflavonoids including PYC can be used as antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs based on their radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Kusong-dong 373-1, Taejon, 305-701, Korea
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23
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Abstract
Ocular sebaceous carcinoma (OSC) is an uncommon malignancy with a potential to recur and metastasize. Some characteristics of sebaceous carcinoma, such as female preponderance, shown in the present series during 11-year period at Korea Cancer Center Hospital, led us to study their hormone receptors and c-erbB-2 expression. c-erbB-2 overexpression was very common (83%) in OSC, and was not associated with pathologic findings or clinical outcome. Interestingly, estrogen and progesterone receptor was detected in 4 and 2 cases, respectively, suggesting a role of hormonal influence on this neoplasm. Immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic features of 18 cases of OSC in Korea are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Cho KJ, Dasika NL. Catheter technique for pulmonary embolectomy or thrombofragmentation. Semin Vasc Surg 2000; 13:221-35. [PMID: 11005468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The management of acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) constitutes a major clinical problem because of the associated derangement of hemodynamic and respiratory functions from obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. Despite advances in management with thrombolytic therapy or open embolectomy, the mortality rate remains high. To improve the chance of survival, catheter techniques that are capable of removing or fragmenting the clot have been developed. These include catheter pulmonary embolectomy and thrombofragmentation. The former involves the introduction of a suction catheter from a femoral or jugular venotomy through the right heart into the appropriate pulmonary artery under fluoroscopic guidance. The technique for the latter involves the percutaneous introduction of a fragmentation catheter from a femoral vein through a guiding catheter into the appropriate pulmonary artery. The success of the catheter technique in removing pulmonary emboli varies with different devices. The overall success rate is approximately 76%, with a mortality rate of 25%. Transvenous pulmonary embolectomy and thrombofragmentation are safe and effective techniques for treating patients with massive PE. The success of each of the techniques depends on a thorough understanding of the mechanism of action of each of the devices used and a facile catheterization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
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25
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Cho KJ, Han SH, Kim BY, Hwang SG, Park KK, Yang KH, Chung AS. Chlorophyllin suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 166:120-7. [PMID: 10896853 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.8958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll, functions as an anticarcinogen and antioxidant. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CHL on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with CHL inhibited nitric oxide production in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264. 7 cells in a dose-related manner. Competitive RT-PCR analysis, using a DNA competitor as an internal standard, demonstrated that the treatment with 1, 10, and 50 microM CHL decreased LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Since the expression of the iNOS gene is mainly regulated by NF-kappaB, we then examined the effects of CHL on the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. CHL down-regulated the NF-kappaB DNA binding on its cognate recognition site at the concentrations just noted. Employing a transfection and reporter gene expression system with p(NF-kappaB)(3)-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), the treatment of CHL produced a dose-dependent inhibition of CAT activity in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, CHL partially restored LPS-decreased IkappaBalpha, an inhibitory protein against NF-kappaB activation, in the cytosolic extract from the LPS-treated cells determined by immunoblot analysis. CHL also protected the hydroxyl radical-induced cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating its antioxidant effect. These results suggest that CHL suppresses the nitric oxide production and iNOS mRNA expression mediated by the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, and its action mechanism may be based on its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-701, Korea
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Abstract
We report a case of recurrent parachordoma of the left anterior tibial region in a 64-year-old male patient. The tumor was a periosteal tender mass, and, histologically, displayed vague nodules of spindle to rounded eosinophilic cells embedded in a myxoid matrix. Large vacuolated (physalphorouslike) cells were noted as in sacrococcygeal chordoma. This tumor should be differentiated from myxoid chondrosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and metastatic chordoma. The presence of physaliphorous cells in the tumor with positive immunoreactions caused by cytokeratin rules out the diagnosis of another myxoid tumor. The differential diagnosis from metastatic chordoma is basically made by clinicians. Even though parachordoma is usually regarded as a benign soft tissue neoplasm, two recurrences occurred in our case. Since the reported cases, including ours, have diverse clinical courses, it is essential to follow-up the patient carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Koh
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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27
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Chung JH, Koh JS, Lee SS, Cho KJ. Glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cytologic features and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Acta Cytol 2000; 44:551-6. [PMID: 10934948 DOI: 10.1159/000328529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the cytomorphologic features and investigate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) of the uterine cervix. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of nine GCCs encountered at Korea Cancer Center Hospital between January 1990 and April 1999 was undertaken. The cervical smears were obtained prior to histologic diagnosis of GCC. The cytomorphologic and clinical features were reviewed, and the expression of ER and PR was investigated immunohistochemically on histologic sections. RESULTS Smears of GCC were hypercellular and remarkably cohesive. The tumor cells were large and characterized by abundant granular cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes and round to polygonal, large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. In the background tumor diathesis and numerous inflammatory cells containing eosinophils were present. The inflammatory cells (mainly eosinophils) were intimately associated with tumor cells to form "granuloepithelial complex." Immunohistochemically, ER was identified in two of the nine cases and PR in one of them. CONCLUSION Cytology of GCC has characteristic features that differ from those of other carcinomas or atypical reparative cells. Although there are deceptive mimics of GCC, the characteristic cytologic findings should prompt a diagnosis of GCC. ER and PR positivity was found in two cases (22%) and one case (11%), respectively, of GCC, suggesting that this tumor might be hormonally responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chung
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
AIMS Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma, with its prevalent sites being the hypopharynx, tongue base and larynx. In the oesophagus, BSC is rarer than in the head and neck region. This study was aimed to document the clinicopathological features of BSCs of the oesophagus, and to present their relative incidence and immunohistochemical findings. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen cases of BSC of the oesophagus, comprising 3.6% of 502 oesophageal carcinomas, were reviewed for their pathological and clinical features, and examined for the immunohistochemical expression of neuroendocrine markers, cytokeratins, p53, pRb and bcl-2. Oesophageal basaloid squamous carcinomas tended to be biphasic or multiphasic carcinomas, most commonly with basaloid and squamous components (eight cases), or with additional adenocarcinoma (three cases) or with small cell carcinoma (two cases). Each component was microscopically clearly distinguishable from the others, and metastasized separately, chiefly the basaloid component. The remaining five cases were apparently pure basaloid carcinomas, being characterized by lobules and nests of monotonous round undifferentiated cells with frequent comedo necrosis. They resembled, but were differentiated from, the small cell carcinoma on the basis of neuroendocrine markers and cytokeratin expression. p53, pRb and bcl-2 oncoprotein, which are known to normally present in the basal/parabasal cells of the oesophageal epithelium, were detected in 40-50% of cases, with a heterogeneous expression pattern. The patients were all male, with the age ranging 47-74 years (median 57) and presented at variable stages. The plotted 3 years survival rate was 51%, and the immunohistochemical expression of p53, pRb and bcl-2 was not related to the survival of the patients. CONCLUSION Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus is a peculiar neoplasm with a capacity of multidirectional differentiation, often with heterogeneous oncogene expression, probably reflecting the pluripotential stem cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology; Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Cho KJ, Chung YH, Shin C, Shin DH, Kim YS, Gurney ME, Lee KW, Cha CI. Reactive astrocytes express p53 in the spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing a human Cu/Zn SOD mutation. Neuroreport 1999; 10:3939-43. [PMID: 10716237 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199912160-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported increased NOS expression in the astrocytes in the spinal cord of SOD mutant transgenic mice that are used as ALS animal model. Recently, Messmer and Brune suggested that nitric oxide-induced apoptosis is intimately related with p53-dependent signaling pathway, and de la Monte et al. reported increased p53-immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of ALS patients. In the present study, we performed immunocytochemical studies to investigate the changes of p53-immunoreactivity in the brains of the mutant transgenic mice expressing a human Cu/Zn SOD mutation. Immunocytochemistry showed intensely stained p53-IR glial cells with the appearance of astrocytes in all levels of the spinal cord of the mutant transgenic mice, but no p53-IR glial cells were observed in the spinal cord of the control mice. P53-IR astrocytes were also detected in the brain stem of the mutant transgenic mice. In the medulla, they were observed in the medullary reticular formation, hypoglossal nucleus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambiguus. In the pons, their presences were noted in the pontine reticular formation, and trigeminal and facial nuclei. In the midbrain, astrocytes were detected in the mesencephalic reticular formation, red nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter. In the cerebellum, intensely stained p53-IR astrocytes were detected in the intracerebellar nuclei. In contrast to the mutant transgenic mice, no p53-IR astrocytes were detected in the brain stem and spinal cord of the control mice. Further multidisciplinary investigations involving p53-mediated cellular damage and pathogenesis of ALS are needed to clarify the importance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage II non-small-cell lung cancer is regarded as one of the early lung cancers. Although resection, including the mediastinal lymph nodes, is currently regarded as the standard treatment, the survival rate of this disease is not encouraging. It is well known that the most common causes of death are locoregional recurrences or distant metastases, or both. However, the best adjuvant treatment to improve survival is as controversial an issue as ever. METHODS This study was designed as a randomized, blinded, two-armed study with operation and adjuvant radiotherapy in one arm, versus operation and adjuvant mitomycin C (10 mg/m2), vinblastine (6 mg/m2), and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) (MVP) chemotherapy in the other arm. We assigned 57 resected patients with pathologic proven stage II non-small cell lung cancer to the groups according to our eligibility criteria. RESULTS The most common pattern of recurrence was distant metastases, and nearly all the recurrences (17 of 18 patients) in both groups were found within 2 years after operation. The rates of the locoregional and distant metastases were 3.6% and 46.4% in the adjuvant radiotherapy group and 6.9% and 10.3% in the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p = 0.018). The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 52.0% in the adjuvant radiotherapy group and 74.0% in the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p = 0.16, log-rank test). The 2-year, 5-year, and 6-year survival portions were 60.3%, 56.5%, and 28.3% in the adjuvant radiotherapy group, and 82.8%, 70.1%, and 60.1% in the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p = 0.01, p = 0.17, and p = 0.03, Z-test). The difference of the actuarial survival between these two groups was somewhat significant (p = 0.09, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the addition of adjuvant MVP chemotherapy may reduce the distant metastasis rates and prolong the survival of the surgically resected stage II non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul
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Abstract
Renal magnetic resonance (MR) angiography allows accurate evaluation of patients suspected to have renal artery stenosis without the risks associated with nephrotoxic contrast agents, ionizing radiation, or arterial catheterization. Other applications of renal MR angiography are mapping the vascular anatomy for planning renal revascularization, planning repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms, assessing renal bypass grafts and renal transplant anastomoses, and evaluating vascular involvement by renal tumors. A variety of pulse sequences provide complementary information about kidney morphology, arterial anatomy, blood flow, and renal function and excretion. Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography can be combined with several other sequences to produce a comprehensive approach to renal MR angiography. This comprehensive approach is designed to allow hemodynamic characterization of renal artery stenosis with a single MR imaging examination that can be easily completed in 1 hour. Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography demonstrates the renal arteries along with the abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and mesenteric arteries in a 20-30-second acquisition that can be performed during breath holding. Numerous projections are reconstructed from a single three-dimensional volume of data acquired with a single injection of contrast material to obtain perpendicular and optimized views of each renal artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Dong
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Lee SS, Cho KJ, Kim CW, Kang YK. Clinicopathological analysis of 501 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Korea according to the revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Histopathology 1999; 35:345-54. [PMID: 10564389 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The clinical relevance of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) is still debated. To test the clinical validity of the REAL classification in Korea, where the incidence of T-cell lymphoma is higher, we investigated the clinicopathological features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from Korea Cancer Center Hospital. METHODS AND RESULTS Five hundred and one patients with NHL were reclassified according to the REAL classification and clinicopathologically analysed. Immunophenotypically, B-cell lymphoma accounted for 67.9% and T- and NK-cell type for 30.5%. Approximately 48.5% of cases were forms of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), while only 5.4% were follicular lymphoma. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCL-U; 10.8%) and angiocentric lymphomas (11.8%) comprised the majority of T-cell lymphomas. Most of the angiocentric lymphomas presented with localized nasal/nasopharyngeal or tonsillar primaries. All peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) showed a significantly low overall survival compared to DLBCL (P = 0.02, log rank). Overall survival rates for DLBCL and PTCL-U were also significantly different (P = 0.0043, log rank), though for DLBCL and angiocentric lymphoma there was no significant difference (P = 0.2142, log rank). Angiocentric lymphoma, however, was characterized by a shorter median survival time than DLBCL (54 months vs. 96 months). Among DLBCL patients according to the REAL classification, overall survival was significantly better in nonimmunoblastic type (intermediate-grade, WF-F,G) as compared to large cell immunoblastic type (high-grade, WF-H) (log rank, P < 0.001). The morphological distinction of the immunoblastic and nonimmunoblastic among DLBCL of the REAL classification bears significant prognostic relevance worthy of further consideration. CONCLUSION We conclude that lineage assignment (T vs. B) in the REAL classification is a clinically important distinction, but that it is necessary to subdivide the broad category of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul.
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Lee SH, Yoo H, Lee JH, Cho KJ, Rhee CH, Jang JS, Kim JH. Multiple intraparenchymal schwannomas in the cerebellum, brainstem, and cervical spinal cord. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1999; 141:779-80. [PMID: 10481791 DOI: 10.1007/s007010050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
End stage renal disease is common and can result from a variety of diseases. The expense and morbidity of dialysis has made renal transplantation the preferred treatment when it is available. In the United States, 11,000 renal transplants are performed annually. Because of the limited supply of donor organs, every effort is made to salvage the transplanted kidney that has began to fail. Imaging modalities that are currently used to evaluate transplanted kidneys are ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), scintigraphy, intravenous urography (IVU), contrast angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI offers multiple advantages. MRI provides cross sectional and vascular information without the risks of ionizing radiation, iodinated contrast, or arterial catheterization. This article describes the role of MR imaging in renal transplantation, technical aspects of image acquisition, and MR findings of post-transplantation complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Neimatallah
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan and Cornell University Medical Center, New York, NY (MRP)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland shows a variable clinical course. It would be helpful to discover reliable biologic markers in the management of patients with ACC. METHODS We examined proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression on 30 cases of ACC of the salivary glands. The immunohistochemical results, and size, location, and histologic grade of the tumors were compared with the clinical outcome of the patients. RESULTS Mean PCNA positivity of ACCs was 15%, and was higher in solid than in cribriform/tubular areas. High PCNA value was significantly correlated with shorter disease-free and overall survival of the patients with ACC. c-erbB-2 overexpression was observed in only five cases, focally in cribriform/tubular areas. High histologic grade, which was determined by the presence of solid components, showed a trend toward shorter survival. Size and location of ACC were not associated with patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that PCNA score may be one of the most useful prognostic factor of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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36
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Abstract
This paper presents an unusual solid mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) in adult. A well defined solid mass in the left lobe of the liver was found in a 57-year-old female. Preoperative radiologic examinations demonstrated solid mass with multifocal calcifications abutting the gallbladder. By light microscopy, the lesion was composed of dense fibrous stroma with hyalinization, bile ducts and thick-walled vessels without hepatocytes. The solid and hyalinized mesenchymal component would suggest an unusual degenerative change representing a burnt-out MHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chung
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul.
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37
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Abstract
Traumatic hemipelvectomy is rarely observed because very few patients have survived from the initial trauma. We describe one male child who survived from this massive trauma with a good functional outcome. The boy was 28 months old when he was accidentally struck by a truck. He had severe open trauma of the pelvis and hemorrhage of the left lower limb. Amputation of the left hemipelvis, colostomy, cystostomy and removal of the left avulsed testicle were performed. Once healing had been achieved, he was transferred to our Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and rehabilitative management was begun, including prosthetic measurement and psychologic intervention for the patient and his parents. For 13 years of long-term follow-up, his prosthesis was readjusted annually. Now he is a 16-year-old middle school student. He is functioning remarkably well with a prosthesis. The psychologic report shows that he is emotionally stable and has good scholastic performance. Although hemipelvectomy appears to be a radical procedure in children, the potential for rehabilitation in a group of children before body image has developed appears to be unexpectedly good.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Stafford-Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor 48109-0030, USA. mprinceumich.edu
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39
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Wilson MW, Hamilton BH, Dong Q, Stafford-Johnson DB, Kazanjian SN, Williams DM, Marx MV, Cho KJ, Prince MR. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance venography of the portal venous system prior to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and liver transplantation. Original investigation. Invest Radiol 1998; 33:644-52. [PMID: 9766049 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199809000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance venography (GdMRV) in identifying visceral venous abnormalities was assessed in patients before they underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS Twenty-seven patients with portal hypertension underwent GdMRV and transcatheter venography prior to OLT or TIPS. The gadolinium dose was 0.5 mL/kg (0.25 mmol/kg), administered by rapid hand injection. Coronal 3D spoiled gradient-echo GdMRV was performed in a single breath-hold. Four blinded reviewers retrospectively evaluated coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) images, while two reviewers evaluated the MIPs and multiplanar reconstructions. Abnormalities that could affect transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or transplantation were noted and compared with the results of corresponding catheter venograms read by a separate blinded reviewer. RESULTS Abnormalities were identified by GdMRV with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 97% for the right hepatic vein, 86% and 100% for the main portal vein (MPV), 42% and 99% for the right portal vein, 54% and 94% for the left portal vein, 61% and 96% for the superior mesenteric vein, and 74% and 91% for the splenic vein. Varices and shunts were correctly identified with a sensitivity of 96%. Multiplanar reconstruction increased MPV sensitivity to 100%. CONCLUSION Vascular abnormalities that affect TIPS and OLT can be identified by GdMRV. Multiplanar reconstruction increased the accuracy to 100% for the MPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Wilson
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco 94115-0628, USA
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine and elucidate the mechanisms for apparent "penetration" by Greenfield vena caval filters. METHODS Two filters were placed in the inferior venae cavae (IVC) of four immature sheep and followed with cavography for 1 year. Two animals underwent computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopic examination. At necropsy, the vena cava and adjacent structures of all four animals were examined grossly and histologically. RESULTS Based upon cavography and CT imaging, all filters appeared to penetrate the vena cava at 12 months. However, at laparoscopy, no hooks or limbs were exposed, and the pericaval tissues remained intact; each hook or limb was within the adventitia or encapsulated in scar tissue. Histology of the tissue at the hook sites revealed remodeling of the intimal surface of the IVC and thinning of the adventitia. CONCLUSIONS Based upon these data, we hypothesize that the vena cava gradually adapts by medial and adventitial thinning and myointimal remodeling to the radial force exerted by a filter. This process allows increase in the filter base diameter while maintaining the integrity of the cava and protecting adjacent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Proctor
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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41
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors which were responsible for delaying early diagnosis and optimal management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea. We interviewed 109 outpatients diagnosed as RA being treated by rheumatologists, and we eventually analyzed 98 patients' data. The median length of time from symptom onset to the first visit to a medical doctor, to diagnosis, and visiting a rheumatologist were 8 weeks, 23 weeks, and 42 months respectively. The subspecialist with whom the patients consulted with for the longest time before visiting a rheumatologist were an orthopaedic surgeon for 51 patients, a Chinese herbal doctor for 19 patients, and a pharmacist for 16 patients. For early diagnosis and optimal management of RA in Korea, we believe that it is necessary to reduce the use of unconventional medical services such as Chinese herbal medicine and nonprescribed medication, and to emphasize rheumatologic and rehabilitative care in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Abstract
The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of nine cases of basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) of the upper aerodigestive tract are reported, along with the results of an in situ hybridization for human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA. The cases were selected through a review of 237 head and neck carcinomas, and were located in the supraglottic larynx (5), hypopharynx (2), and the base of tongue (2). The patients were 7 males and 2 females with the mean age of 62. BSCs were histologically characterized by lobules and nests of basaloid cells with scanty cytoplasm, comedonecrosis and adenoid features, and by concomitant presence of squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, all BSCs showed positivity for high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMW CK) with heterogeneous or diffuse staining pattern, but lacked reactivity for neuroendocrine markers and bcl-2 oncoprotein. No HPV DNA was detected in BSCs. This study reaffirms that BSC is a rare carcinoma with a peculiar topographic distribution and distinct pathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul
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43
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Stafford-Johnson DB, Hamilton BH, Dong Q, Cho KJ, Turcotte JG, Fontana RJ, Prince MR. Vascular complications of liver transplantation: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 1998; 207:153-60. [PMID: 9530311 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.207.1.9530311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate use of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in detection of vascular complications of liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen liver transplant recipients suspected to have vascular complications were evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography by using a three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo breath-hold technique during the arterial and venous phases of a high-dose (42 mL) bolus injection of gadolinium contrast material. Conventional angiography (n = 11) and surgery (n = 3) were used as the standard of reference. The transplant hepatic artery, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, hepatic veins, and inferior vena cava (IVC) were evaluated for thrombosis or stenosis by two radiologists. RESULTS Ten vascular complications were identified with conventional angiography or surgery: transplant hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 3) or stenosis (n = 3), portal vein stenosis (n = 1) or occlusion (n = 2), and suprahepatic IVC stenosis (n = 1). All 10 complications were correctly diagnosed with MR angiography. There was agreement between results of MR angiography and conventional angiography or surgery in 58 of 62 vessels evaluated (94%). There was minor disagreement in four vessels (6%). CONCLUSION Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography may have the potential to enable accurate diagnosis of vascular complications of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Stafford-Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0030, USA
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44
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Abstract
We unexpectedly observed strong nuclear overexpression of bcl-2 protein in advanced stomach cancer. As far as we know, such expression has not yet been reported. To investigate the significance of nuclear expression of bcl-2 protein in gastric carcinoma, we immunohistochemically analyzed bcl-2 overexpression in a gastric carcinogenic sequence, including 19 tubular adenomas (TA), 20 early carcinomas (EGC), and 20 advanced carcinomas (AGC). While TA displayed a specific granular and supranuclear cytoplasmic staining pattern, adenocarcinomas showed a strong nuclear staining pattern. Nuclear staining of bcl-2 was observed in 50% of AGC, 30% of EGC, and 10% of TA; cytoplasmic staining, on the other hand, was observed in all TA, 5% of EGC, and 10% of AGC. Nuclear bcl-2 overexpression differed according to the histologic type of AGC, occurring in 67% of the diffuse type and 25% of the moderately-to-well differentiated type. In the diffuse type, nuclear bcl-2 positive AGC predominated. In metastatic lesions, the pattern of bcl-2 immunostaining was almost identical to that seen in primary tumor. These results suggest that nuclear expression of bcl-2 may be related to malignant transformation in the stomach and is frequently associated with diffuse type advanced gastric adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lee
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
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45
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Lee SS, Park WY, Chi JG, Seo JW, Kim JI, Kim CW, Park SH, Khang SK, Cho KJ, Seo JS, Jang JJ. Thymic epithelial tumor progression in an SV40T transgenic mouse model. Cortical thymoma-thymic carcinoma sequence. Virchows Arch 1998; 432:33-42. [PMID: 9463585 DOI: 10.1007/s004280050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There have been several reports that thymoma in human is a progressive disease, and that thymoma and thymic carcinoma form a continuum. We established a stable line of SV40T transgenic mice, which consistently produced thymic epithelial tumours progressing to thymic carcinoma within a predictable time span. Using this animal model and a morphological approach, thymic epithelial tumour progression was studied with reference to sequential changes at different time points in animals aged from 3 to 32 weeks. At all ages, SV40T was expressed in the nuclei of thymic epithelial cells; in these transgenic mice we observed the entire spectrum from cortical type thymoma to thymic carcinoma. Thymic size tended to increase with ageing in SV40T TG mice. While younger mice had predominantly cortical (organoid) or cortical thymoma, older mice had well-differentiated thymic carcinoma (WDTC) or poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma. When SV40T TG mice (248 line) reached a certain age, carcinoma of the thymus was present in all of them. Cortical-type thymoma became malignant within a predictable time span, suggesting a cortical thymoma-carcinoma sequence. When the mice were 9 weeks of age, the thymuses formed gross masses compatible with cortical thymoma. At 14 weeks of age, WDTC appeared against the background of cortical thymoma. Poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma was found after 15 weeks and affected all animals over 23 weeks of age. Most thymic carcinomas coexisted in varying proportions with cortical-type thymoma. Medullary thymomas did not develop in the mice, and no transition from medullary-type thymomas to thymic carcinomas was observed. In this SV40T transgenic mouse model, thymic carcinoma is clearly preceded by cortical-type thymoma. These transgenic mice may provide an interesting model for the progression from cortical thymoma to WDTC and/or high-grade carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Korea.
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46
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Abstract
Twenty-five cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands were studied with respect to clinico-pathologic features, prognostic factors, and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression. Fourteen cases were located in parotid glands, 2 in submandibular glands and 9 in minor salivary glands. Fourteen patients were confirmed to have local recurrences, 6 patients manifested systemic metastases, and 10 patients died of the disease. They were histologically graded as I in 5, II in 12 and III in 8 cases respectively, and the histologic grade was significantly correlated with disease-free interval and overall survival of the patients. c-erbB-2 overexpression was observed in 9 cases (36%), with a trend to be associated with the higher grade, but was not evaluated as a significant survival-related factor in this series. Larger size and major gland location of the tumors were correlated with more frequent regional lymph node metastases. The present study showed that c-erbB-2 overexpression was not uncommonly present in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands, especially of higher grade, and the histologic grade was the most important and handy prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cho
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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47
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes for patients with titanium Greenfield vena caval filters (TGFs) and, in particular, to evaluate the effect of filter leg distribution on recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) and caval occlusion. METHODS Physical examination, abdominal plain films, and duplex ultrasound examinations of the inferior vena cava and lower extremities were obtained annually and recorded in a Filter Database. RESULTS Seven hundred eighty-three TGFs have been placed since 1989. Follow-up was available for 373 patients, or 65% of the surviving patients, over 1 to 84 months (mean, 33 months). Asymmetry was identified in 42 placements (5%), and 35 of these patients had at least one follow-up examination. The overall incidence of recurrent PE was 3.2% (12 of 373), whereas the caval patency rate was 97.8% (265 of 271). These outcomes were not significantly different for patients who had asymmetric filters (p = 0.1 and 0.18, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Filter leg distribution does not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of recurrent PE or caval occlusion. These data support earlier in vitro findings. The long-term results with the TGF are comparable with the results of the original stainless steel Greenfield filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Greenfield
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, USA
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Williams DM, Lee DY, Hamilton BH, Marx MV, Narasimham DL, Kazanjian SN, Prince MR, Andrews JC, Cho KJ, Deeb GM. The dissected aorta: percutaneous treatment of ischemic complications--principles and results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997; 8:605-25. [PMID: 9232578 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe the principles and results of percutaneous treatment of ischemic complications of aortic dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with aortic dissection complicated by ischemic compromise of the liver or bowel (n = 15), kidney (n = 18), or lower extremity (n = 13) were evaluated by means of aortography, intravascular ultrasound, and manometry, and were treated percutaneously. Visceral arteries were classified as obstructed or nonobstructed. Obstruction was classified as static, in which the dissecting hematoma extended into and narrowed the lumen of a branch artery, or dynamic, in which the dissection flap prolapsed into the vessel origin or narrowed the true lumen (TL) above it. Treatment consisted of vascular stents alone (n = 4), or balloon fenestration (n = 20) without (n = 8) or with (n = 12) vascular stents. RESULTS Obstruction was present in 77 arteries and was static in 12 arteries, dynamic in 45 arteries, static and dynamic in 17 arteries, and indeterminate in three arteries. Percutaneous treatment did not alter false lumen (FL) pressure, but reduced the peak systolic interluminal pressure gradient from 28 mm Hg to 2 mm Hg and restored flow in 71 of 77 arteries (92%). Six patients died within 30 days (25% operative mortality), none as a result of the procedure. Two additional patients died in follow-up from complications of an expanding FL. Technical complications in two patients due to altered hemodynamics after initial intervention were recognized and corrected percutaneously during the same procedure. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous fenestration and endovascular stent deployment are indicated to restore blood flow to arteries compromised by aortic dissection. The prognosis of patients is related to the ischemic injury sustained prior to the percutaneous interventional procedure and, in patients with acute type I dissection who have not undergone surgery, to the preoperative stability of the FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Williams
- Department of Radiology B1-D530, University Hospitals, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0030, USA
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49
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Lee SH, Kim JH, Lee JH, Rhee CH, Cho KJ. Unusual appearance of an intracranial metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma: comedo-necrosis showed very hyperdense nodules on CT scans. Eur J Radiol 1997; 25:41-3. [PMID: 9248797 DOI: 10.1016/s0720-048x(96)01042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A case of intracranial metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma with unusual hyperdense nodules in CT scans is described. A 32-year-old man had a brain tumor containing scattered and very hyperdense numerous nodules on CT scans. Initially, the hyperdense nodules were considered as intratumoral calcifications. The tumor subsequently proved to be metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma through surgery. However, there were no calcium deposits in the surgical specimen. We observed only multiple central comedo-necrosis that could be the cause of the hyperdense lesions on CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Cho WJ, Cha SJ, Do JW, Choi JY, Lee JY, Jeong CS, Cho KJ, Choi WS, Kang HS, Kim HD, Park JW. A novel 90-kDa stress protein induced in fish cells by fish rhabdovirus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:316-9. [PMID: 9144531 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A 90 kDa cellular protein in a fish cell, CHSE-214, showed increased expression by the infection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), heat shock, 2-mercaptoethanol, copper sulfate, and cadmium sulfate, and was detected in various kinds of cells such as human, rat, and mouse cells. The molecular mass of the 90 kDa protein was different from those of the hsp90 and grp94. In addition, all the anti-stress protein MAbs did not react with the 90 kDa protein. Finally, the subcellular distribution of the 90 kDa protein, determined by Western blots of subcellular fractions, was found to be mainly nuclear, both in normal and IHNV-infected CHSE-214 cells. The present results indicate that the 90 kDa protein is a kind of stress protein. However, based on its molecular mass, antigenic characteristics, and subcellular distribution, it is likely that this protein is a novel stress protein that has not been previously described in animal systems, especially in fish systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Cho
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan, Kyongnam, Korea
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