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Kęska A, Janicka A, Zawiślak M, Molska J, Włostowski R, Włóka A, Świeściak J, Ostrowski K. Assessment of the Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions from Euro 3 and Euro 6 Compliant Vehicles with the BAT-CELL Method Using In Vitro Tests. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14138. [PMID: 36361013 PMCID: PMC9654593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legal restrictions on vehicle engine exhaust gas emission control do not always go hand in hand with an actual reduction in the emissions of toxins into the atmosphere. Moreover, the methods currently used to measure exhaust gas emissions do not give unambiguous results on the impact of the tested gases on living organisms. The method used to assess the actual toxicity of gases, BAT-CELL Bio-Ambient-Tests using in vitro tests, takes into account synergistic interactions of individual components of a mixture of gases without the need to know its qualitative and quantitative composition and allows for determination of the actual toxicity of the gas composition. Using the BAT-CELL method, exhaust gases from passenger vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines complying with the Euro 3 and Euro 6 emission standards were tested. The results of toxicological tests were correlated with the results of chromatographic analysis. It was shown that diverse qualitative composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons determining the exhaust gases toxicity may decrease the percentage value of cell survival. Additionally, it was proven that the average survival of cells after exposure to exhaust gases from tested vehicles meeting the more restrictive Euro 6 standard was lower than for vehicles meeting the Euro 3 standard thus indicating the higher toxicity of exhaust gases from newer vehicles.
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Spelsberg A, Ostrowski K, Witte T. Effects of organised mammography screening on breast cancer care in specialist breast units in Aachen, Germany since 2008. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen T, Dai J, Ostrowski K, Walsh T. 016 Assessing the Benefits of a Hands-On Male Pelvic and Prosthetic Surgery Cadaveric Simulation Course for Residents. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rajanahally S, Raheem O, Rogers M, Brisbane W, Ostrowski K, Lendvay T, Walsh T. The relationship between cannabis and male infertility, sexual health, and neoplasm: a systematic review. Andrology 2019; 7:139-147. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajanahally
- Department of Urology University of Washington Medical Center Seattle WA USA
| | - O. Raheem
- Department of Urology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - M. Rogers
- Department of Urology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - W. Brisbane
- Department of Urology University of Washington Medical Center Seattle WA USA
| | - K. Ostrowski
- Department of Urology University of Washington Medical Center Seattle WA USA
| | - T. Lendvay
- Department of Urology Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle WA USA
| | - T. Walsh
- Department of Urology University of Washington Medical Center Seattle WA USA
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Bieniasz M, Kwiatkowski A, Domagała P, Gozdowska J, Kieszek R, Ostrowski K, Deptuła A, Durlik M, Paczek L, Chmura A. Serum concentration of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone after living kidney donation. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:3067-8. [PMID: 19857678 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic consequences resulting from loss of renal mass in living kidney donors remain uncertain. There is recent focus on the changes in the active form of vitamin D because it is an agent for cancer regulation. The objective of the study was to measure serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in living donors after kidney donation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty living kidney donors reported for follow-up visits. Their mean age was 46.14 years. They were women in 52.5% of cases. The mean observation period was 65.6 months. Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and IGF-1 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was quantified using an enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay system. RESULTS 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency in 57.5% patients after nephrectomy was the most important change we noted. No correlation was observed between 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH. A decreased serum IGF-1 concentration was observed in 17.5% of donors. However, decreases in both serum IGF-1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were observed in 12.5% of donors. CONCLUSION Prospective studies may be essential to determine metabolic changes after nephrectomy among living kidney donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bieniasz
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Transplant Medicine and Internal Disease, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59 Street, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
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Fesolowicz S, Kwiatkowski A, Wszola M, Podsiadly E, Ostrowski K, Durlik M, Paczek L, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S, Rowinski W, Chmura A. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients after kidney transplantation treated with spiramycin. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:167-9. [PMID: 19249505 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has pointed to a role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the development of chronic renal allograft dysfunction, chronic liver rejection, and vasculopathy in the transplanted heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. pneumoniae prior to and after kidney transplantation as well as to determine the role of spiramycin therapy among kidney transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 50 patients (25 pairs) who received kidney transplants from cadaveric donors. One of the 2 kidneys from a donor was transplanted to a patient randomized to spiramycin (2 x 3 million U/d orally for 3 months; group S) and the other to a patient assigned as control (group C). Markers of infection were assessed on day 1 posttransplantation and 3 months later (average, 94 days). All 50 patients were examined for the presence of bacterial DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for titers of serum anti C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin (IgG) and IgA antibodies using microimmunofluorescence (MIF). C. pneumoniae infection was diagnosed by the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes or positive antibodies of both classes. RESULTS C. pneumoniae infection was initially diagnosed in 14 patients among group S and 8 patients among group C (P = not significant [ns]) and after 3 months in 12 and 9 patients, respectively (P = ns). Conversion from positive to negative C. pneumoniae status occured in 7 patients among group S and 1 patient among group C (P = .04). Conversion from negative to positive C. pneumoniae status occured in 5 patients from group S and 2 patients from group C (P = ns). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a possible role for spiramycin treatment of C pneumoniae infection in kidney allograft recipients. C. pneumoniae infection diagnosis and treatment should be considered to be routine for every patient awaiting transplantation.
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Kwiatkowski A, Wszola M, Kosieradzki M, Danielewicz R, Ostrowski K, Domagala P, Lisik W, Nosek R, Fesolowicz S, Trzebicki J, Durlik M, Paczek L, Chmura A, Rowinski W. Machine perfusion preservation improves renal allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1942-7. [PMID: 17617857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Machine perfusion (MP) has been used as the kidney preservation method in our center for over 10 years. The first, small (n = 74) prospective, single-blinded randomized study comparing MP and Cold Storage (CS) showed that the incidence of delayed graft function was higher after CS. There have been no reports in the literature on the effect of storage modality on long-term function of renal allografts. This paper presents an analysis of long-term results of renal transplantation in 415 patients operated on between 1994 and 1999. Of those, 227 kidneys were MP-stored prior to KTx. The control group consisted of 188 CS kidney transplants. Kidneys were not randomized to MP or to CS. Donor demographics, medical and biochemical data, cold ischemia time, HLA match and recipient data were collected. Standard triple-drug immunosuppression was administered to both groups. Mortality, graft survival and incidence of return to hemodialysis treatment were analyzed. Despite longer cold ischemia time and poorer donor hemodynamics in MP group, 5-year Kaplan-Meier graft survival was better in MP-stored than in CS-stored kidneys (68.2% vs. 54.2%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In this nonrandomized analysis, kidney storage by MP improved graft survival and reduced the number of patients who returned to dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwiatkowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Poland
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Michalak G, Kwiatkowski A, Czerwinski J, Chmura A, Wszola M, Nosek R, Ostrowski K, Danielewicz R, Lisik W, Adadynski L, Małkowski P, Fesolowicz S, Bieniasz M, Kasprzyk T, Durlik M, Walaszewski J, Rowinski W. Surgical complications of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: a 16-year-experience at one center. Transplant Proc 2006; 37:3555-7. [PMID: 16298659 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-one simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants (SPKT) were performed between 1988 and 2004 in patients of mean age 34 years and 23 years duration of diabetes treatment. All kidney and pancreas recipients were on maintenance hemodialysis therapy prior to SPKT. The pancreas with duodenal segment and the kidneys were harvested from cadaveric heart-beating donors. Cold ischemia time in UW solution varied from 4 to 14 hours (mean, 9 hours 35 minutes). Twenty patients had the duodenal segment sutured to the urinary bladder, and the remaining 31 grafts were drained to an isolated ileal loop. Quadruple immunosuppression was administered as well as an anticoagulant and antibiotic prophylaxis. Forty-nine patients (49/51, 96%) regained insulin independence in the immediate postoperative period; 44 (86%) displayed immediate graft function. The remaining patients experienced postoperative ATN, the longest duration was 18 days. Of 51 patients, 38 (14.5%) are alive (follow-up, 6 to 180 months), 26 (68.5%) have good pancreatic function, and 34 (89%), good kidney function. Nineteen (50%) patients regard their quality of life as improved compared to their pretransplant status, which is mainly attributed to being dialysis and insulin free. Of 19 patients, 14 (74%) reported measuring glycemia regularly due to fear of losing the pancreas graft. Of 19 persons, seven (37%) returned to work after transplantation. Four (8.3%) lost their kidney graft secondary to vascular complications (n = 2) or rejection (n = 2). Four pancreas grafts with bladder drainage required conversion to enteric drainage owing to persistent urinary infections or urinary fistulae. Fifteen (29%) patients lost their pancreatic grafts within 1 year of transplantation due to the following: vascular complications (n = 12), septic complications (n = 1), or rejection (n = 2). Thirteen patients died within 1 year after transplantation, 5 of septic complications, 5 of neuroinfection, 1 of pulmonary embolism, and 2 of myocardial infarction. In conclusion, SPKT is a successful treatment for diabetic nephropathy, burdened by the possibility of serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michalak
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Poland
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Wszola M, Kwiatkowski A, Nosek R, Podsiadly E, Meszaros J, Danielewicz R, Lisik W, Ostrowski K, Chmura A, Adadyński L, Paczek L, Durlik M, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S, Rowiński W. Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection and Ischemic Heart Disease in Hemodialysis Patients. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:31-4. [PMID: 16504656 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart disease and other atherosclerotic complications are the prominent causes of death among hemodialyzed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and renal transplant recipients. Numerous articles in recent years have raised the possibility of an infective factor, especially Chlamydia pneumoniae, in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of chronic C pneumoniae infection and its association with ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis in a population of patients with ESRD awaiting renal transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studied group consisted of 164 subjects: 99 ESRD patients (heart disease [HD] group) who were hospitalized for vascular access creation (27), pretransplantation nephrectomy (47), or kidney transplantation (25), and a control group of 65 subjects consisting of 50 healthy blood donors and 15 multiorgan donors. C pneumoniae was detected in vascular wall fragments, kidney biopsy specimens and peripheral blood monocytes using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgA anti-C pneumoniae antibodies were detected using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lipid profile (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides [TG]) was obtained. Data on cardiovascular disease events, smoking history, diabetes, hypertension, cause, and length of renal failure were collected and analyzed. The existence of atherosclerotic lesions was detected using ultrasound (US) Doppler examination of aortic bifurcation. Chronic C pneumoniae infection was diagnosed on the basis of detection of both IgA and IgG antibodies and/or the detection of C pneumoniae DNA in vascular wall fragments or peripheral blood monocytes. After a follow-up of 32 months, data on cardiovascular events and patient history were collected again. RESULTS Chronic C pneumoniae infection affected 46.5% (46/99) of HD patients and 9% (6/65) of controls (P < .05). Among HD patients, 26.3% (26/99) had ischemic heart disease (IHD) versus 6% in the control group. Among C pneumoniae-infected HD patients, IHD was more frequent (39.1%) than in noninfected HD patients (15%; P < .05). Within the 32-month observation period of the HD group, cardiac pain was observed in 11 (24%; 11/46) infected patients versus 3 (5.7%; 3/53) patients without C pneumoniae infection (P < .05). Exacerbation of previously diagnosed IHD was observed in 8 (44%; 8/18) cases in the C pneumoniae-infected group versus 0 (0%; 0/8) in the uninfected patients (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic C pneumoniae infection affects hemodialysis patients more frequently than healthy subjects. Hemodialysis patients with C pneumoniae infection are at the greater risk of exacerbation of existing IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wszola
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
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Kwiatkowski A, Wszola M, Nosek R, Podsiadly E, Meszaros J, Ostrowski K, Lisik W, Michalak G, Chmura A, Kosieradzki M, Danielewicz R, Fesolowicz S, Kasprzyk T, Paczek L, Durlik M, Persson K, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S, Rowinski W. Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection: An Additional Factor for Chronic Allograft Rejection. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:108-11. [PMID: 16504677 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rejection (CHR) of organ allografts, one of the most significant problems in modern transplantation, is not fully understood. This study sought to evaluate the influence of selected parameters on late kidney transplant function. PATIENTS AND METHOD The studied group consisted of eighty-six patients who received allogeneic transplants between 1988 and 1999 for leukocyte Chlamydia pneumoniae-DNA, immunoglobulin (Ig)A/IgG anti-C pneumoniae, blood lipids, ischemic damage in the donor and during organ preservation, HLA mismatch, and acute rejection episodes. RESULTS Eighty-six patients were segregated as 26 patients (30%) with histologically proven chronic graft rejection (CHR[+]) and 59 patients (70%) without (CHR[-]). The presence of C pneumoniae-DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly more frequent in CHR(+) than CHR(-) group (46% vs 20%). Patients with leukocytes positive for C pneumoniae-DNA more frequently (50%) had CHR than patients negative for C pneumoniae-DNA (22%). CHR(+) patients showed significantly lower HDL levels (47 mg/dL vs 58 mg/dL) and higher triglyceride levels (193 mg/dL vs 148 mg/dL). To study the cumulative effect of differences between the CHR(+) and CHR(-) groups, we applied a multiple binary logistic regression analysis. An econometric model enabled us to calculate the probability of CHR for a given patient taking into account covariates chosen by means of stepwise selection: the presence of C pneumoniae-DNA in blood leukocytes, the use of continuous pulsatile perfusion in hypothermia, myocardial infarction occurrence, and triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSION The presence of C pneumoniae-DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes increased the risk of CHR, which may be predicted by a multifactor analysis of chosen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwiatkowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
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Michalak G, Kwiatkowski A, Bieniasz M, Meszaros J, Czerwinski J, Wszola M, Nosek R, Ostrowski K, Chmura A, Danielewicz R, Lisik W, Adadynski L, Fesołowicz S, Dobrowolska A, Durlik M, Rowiñski W. Infectious Complications After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:3560-3. [PMID: 16298661 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) improves long-term survival of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic nephropathy. The increasing success of SPKT is a result of improved surgical technique, better organ preservation, potent antirejection therapy, and effective use of antibiotics to prevent and treat infectious complications. However, morbidity and mortality following SPKT remain high mainly owing to infection. From 1988 to 2004, the 51 patients who underwent SPKT were 32 women and 19 men of mean age 34 +/- 4 years old with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 23 +/- 4 years. The incidence of HCV and HBV infections were 19.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Preoperative work-up included identification and elimination prior to surgery of potential sources of infection. All patients prior to SPKTx had been treated by dialysis (26 +/- 20 months). The kidneys were always placed into the left retroperitoneal space first; at the same time the pancreatic grafts were prepared on the back table. The reconstruction of the superior mesenteric and the splenic arteries was performed using a Y graft of donor iliac artery to the common or external donor's iliac artery. The pancreas was transplanted intraperitoneally to the right iliac vessels. The portal vein was sutured to the common or external iliac vein and the arterial conduit of donor iliac artery. In 20 of the patients, bladder drainage and in 31, enteric drainage was used for the pancreatic juice exterioration. Patients received immunosuppression with a calcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus or cyclosporin), mycophenolic acid or azathioprine, and steroids. Antibody induction (alternatively anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody or ATG) was used in last 38 patients. Antibacterial (tazobactam) and antifungal (fluconazole) as well as antiviral (gancyclovir) prophylactic treatment was given to all patients for 7 to 10 days after transplantation. Thirty-eight recipients are alive, 26 with function of both grafts; 8 with functioning kidney grafts; and 4 with nonfunctioning grafts on dialysis treatment from 1 to 14 years after transplantation. Thirteen patients (24.5%) died during the first year after transplantation. Infectious complications were the main cause of death. Systemic infections accounted for the death of five patients and CNS infection for death of another five patients. Three patients died with functioning grafts due to cardiopulmonary disorders (myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus) early in the postoperative period. A total of 102 infections were diagnosed in 51 patients during the posttransplant course. Twenty-one episodes of CMV infection (systemic 20, duodenal site 1), 73 bacterial infections (systemic 13, pulmonary 13, urinary tract 15, intestinal 8, wound 23), and 8 fungal infections (central nervous system 5, gastrointestinal tract 3). Some patients had more than one type of infection. Overall mortality in the investigated group was 24.5%. Infectious complications were the main cause of death (77%), including systemic infection (38.5%) and CNS infection (38.5%). The predominant etiology of the systemic infections was bacterial. The etiology of CNS infections was fungal. In conclusion, infectious complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality following SPKT. The early diagnosis of infection, particularly fungal complications, is necessary. The administration of broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics, antifungal, and antiviral agents is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michalak
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Ul. Nowogrodzksa 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
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Kwiatkowski A, Michalak G, Czerwinski J, Wszola M, Nosek R, Ostrowski K, Chmura A, Danielewicz R, Lisik W, Adadynski L, Malkowski P, Fesolowicz S, Bieniasz M, Kasprzyk T, Bernas M, Szczeklik-Kumala K, Glowania A, Durlik M, Walaszewski J, Tatoń J, Rowinski W. Quality of Life After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:3558-9. [PMID: 16298660 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Even recipients with satisfactory function of transplanted pancreas and kidney may show physical and/or social disability due to diabetic complications. Our aims were to evaluate diabetic complications influencing recipient quality of life and to assess patients' psychosociological status. Nineteen patients with functioning grafts who consented to take part in the study, underwent clinical evaluation and answered questions regarding their quality of life. Results showed excellent endocrine pancreatic function in 17 patients. In most recipients, insulin activity and C-peptide levels were elevated owing to systemic venous drainage. Opthalmological examination revealed blindness in 7 patients (in 4 cases with onset following SPKTx) and retinopathy in 13 patients (in 5 cases it appeared after SPKTx). Assessment of the cardiovascular system revealed satisfactory cardiac function in 16 of 19 patients; 4 patients underwent amputation of a lower limb following SPKTx. All 19 recipients admitted to a great benefit of transplantation; most patients declared ability to organize their life activity and social functions and 4 had regular employment. Conversely, most patients were afraid of graft loss, and half were often sad and even depressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwiatkowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical University, Ul. Nowogrodzksa 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
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Kapitza C, Rave K, Ostrowski K, Heise T, Heinemann L. Reduced postprandial glycaemic excursion with biphasic insulin Aspart 30 injected immediately before a meal. Diabet Med 2004; 21:500-1. [PMID: 15089801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kochanowska IE, Wlodarski K, Wojtowicz A, Niemira K, Ostrowski K. Osteogenic properties of various HeLa cell lines and the BMP family genes expression. Ann Transplant 2004; 7:58-62. [PMID: 12854351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossicles were induced in thigh muscles of immunosuppressed mice by implantation of suspension of several HeLa cell lines. These ossicles are the object of our research on osteoporosis. It was found that various HeLa cell lines differ in their potential to induce osteogenesis. In the previous paper we demonstrated the involvement of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-4 and BMP-6) secreted by HeLa cells in this phenomenon. In the present paper we try to find out the reason of the heterogeneity of various cell lines regarding the differences in their osteoinductive potencies. By the use of semiquantitative RT-PCR the differences in mRNA expression for several isoforms of BMP proteins in examined HeLa cell lines were found. The presence or absence of some of the BMP isoforms seems to be correlated with the quantity of heterotopically induced mineralised tissues. This was measured by weighing the deposited mineral after digestion of soft tissues surrounding the induced ossicles. This finding is supporting the thesis on high and uncontrolled heterogeneity of various HeLa cell lines used all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Kochanowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wojtowicz A, Chaberek S, Kryst L, Urbanowska E, Ciechowicz K, Ostrowski K. Fourier and fractal analysis of maxillary alveolar ridge repair using platelet rich plasma (PRP) and inorganic bovine bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 32:84-6. [PMID: 12653239 DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2002.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This report concerns the regeneration of the maxillary alveolar process in a 17-year-old patient who had lost the upper central incisors together with alveolar bone as a result of a car accident. Three months later, GBR (guided bone regeneration) was started with the use of autogenic platelet rich plasma (PRP) and inorganic bovine bone. The regenerated bone was analysed after 10 months and compared with intact bone using Fourier analysis of radiograms. The radial and spatial distribution of Fourier transforms showed that the original trabecular pattern existing in the intact bone on both sides of the defect was replicated in an evident way in the regenerated bone. Fractal analysis of intact and regenerated bone showed a higher fractal dimension for intact bone in comparison with regenerated bone, confirming a lower complexity of the newly formed trabecular structures. Replication of the original trabecular pattern in regenerated bone allows us to conclude that genetic mechanisms are influencing the organization of the trabecular pattern of regenerated bone tissue, probably under the influence of the growth factors contained in autologous PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wojtowicz
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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Jagielska G, Wolanczyk T, Komender J, Tomaszewicz-Libudzic C, Przedlacki J, Ostrowski K. Bone mineral density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa--a cross-sectional study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 11:57-62. [PMID: 12033745 DOI: 10.1007/s007870200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The total body and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in order to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of decreased BMD in anorexia nervosa (AN). SUBJECTS Sixty-one in-patient girls with DSM III-R AN: age 14.7+/-2.16 years; duration of AN 12.9+/-15.1 months; percentage of ideal body weight 70+/-8.7%; body mass index score -1.62+/-0.79. METHOD Total body (in 61 patients) and lumbar spine BMD (in 43 patients), content of lean and fat tissue mass were measured by DXA during the first month of treatment. RESULTS Low total body BMD was found in 23.7% and low lumbar spine BMD in 36.6% of patients. There was a negative correlation between BMD and age, age of menarche, degree of undernourishment, duration of AN and amenorrhea. A step-wise linear regression analysis revealed that age of menarche was the most important factor related to BMD in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jagielska
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
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18
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Pedersen BK, Steensberg A, Fischer C, Keller C, Ostrowski K, Schjerling P. Exercise and cytokines with particular focus on muscle-derived IL-6. Exerc Immunol Rev 2002; 7:18-31. [PMID: 11579746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise induces increased circulating levels of a number of cytokines. Thus, increased plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL-1) beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), TNF-receptors (TNF-R), IL-10, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 are found after strenuous exercise. The concentration of IL-6 increases up to 100 fold after a marathon race. Recently, it has been demonstrated that IL-6 is produced locally in contracting skeletal muscles and that the net release from the muscle can account for the exercise-induced increase in arterial IL-6 concentration. IL-6 more than any other cytokine is produced in large amounts in response to exercise. It is produced locally in the skeletal muscle in response to exercise, and IL-6 is known to induce hepatic glucose-output and to induce lipolysis. This indicates that IL-6 may represent an important link between contracting skeletal muscles and exercise-related metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Pedersen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Krzywkowski K, Petersen EW, Ostrowski K, Kristensen JH, Boza J, Pedersen BK. Effect of glutamine supplementation on exercise-induced changes in lymphocyte function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 281:C1259-65. [PMID: 11546663 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.c1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of glutamine in exercise-induced impairment of lymphocyte function. Ten male athletes participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Each athlete performed bicycle exercise for 2 h at 75% of maximum O(2) consumption on 2 separate days. Glutamine or placebo supplements were given orally during and up to 2 h postexercise. The trial induced postexercise neutrocytosis that lasted at least 2 h. The total lymphocyte count increased by the end of exercise due to increase of both CD3(+)TCR alpha beta(+) and CD3(+)TCR gamma delta(+) T cells as well as CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) natural killer (NK) cells. Concentrations of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells lacking CD28 and CD95 on their surface increased more than those of cells expressing these receptors. Within the CD4(+) cells, only CD45RA(-) memory cells, but not CD45RA(+) naive cells, increased in response to exercise. Most lymphocyte subpopulations decreased 2 h after exercise. Glutamine supplementation abolished the postexercise decline in plasma glutamine concentration but had no effect on lymphocyte trafficking, NK and lymphokine-activated killer cell activities, T cell proliferation, catecholamines, growth hormone, insulin, or glucose. Neutrocytosis was less pronounced in the glutamine-supplemented group, but it is unlikely that this finding is of any clinical significance. This study does not support the idea that glutamine plays a mechanistic role in exercise-induced immune changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krzywkowski
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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20
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Ziółkowska H, Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M, Majkowska Z, Rajkowski T, Debiński A, Przedlacki J, Sawicki A, Ostrowski K, Marciński A, Roszkowska-Blaim M. Imaging of bone in the diagnostics of renal osteodystrophy in children with chronic renal failure. Med Sci Monit 2001; 7:1034-42. [PMID: 11535955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades considerable advances have been made in the development of imaging tests of the skeletal system. This progress in diagnostic techniques, along with the growing availability of the tests, renders it necessary to review and evaluate their suitability for daily clinical practice. The aim of this article is to compare the results of radiological testing of bone with densitometrical, histomorphometric, and biochemical tests in children with chronic renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research involved 31 children with renal failure, of whom 10 were being treated conservatively, 17 by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CADO), and 4 by hemodialysis (HD). In all these children, radiological examinations of bone were performed in the arms, knees, and hips, along with tests for the serum concentration of parathormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), and phosphates (P), and for the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP). Bone density tests by the DXA method and bone biopsies were also performed. On the basis of radiological evaluation, the patients were divided into two groups: Group I, consisting of 14 children with a normal bone structure image, and Group II, consisting of 17 children with bone atrophy. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were discovered in the mean values of the tested biochemical parameters between the two groups. The mineral density of total body was normal in 9 of the 14 patients in Group I (64%), and in 7 of 17 (41%) from Group II. The mineral density of total lumbar spine gave similar results. Lower bone density results were obtained in Group II than in Group I, though only in the case of the lumbar spine were the differences statistically significant. In Group I, 5 cases were discovered of chronic osteodystrophy without osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism (NB), 2 cases of adynamic bone disease (ABD), 4 cases of hyperparathyroidism (HP), 2 cases of moderate hyperparathyroidism (MHP), and one mixed form (Mix); in Group II, there were 6 NBs, 2 ABDs, 1 case of osteomalacia (OM), 5 HPs, and 3 mixed. Radiological examinations revealed one male in Group I with features of prior Perthes's disease, one with fibrous cortical defect, and four cases of valgity of the coxa valga. In Group II, there were 3 children with radiological changes typical for osteomalacia, and in 1 case typical radiological signs of hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Given the lack of consistency in the results of the tests here presented, an entire panel of available tests should be performed for the comprehensive evaluation of the status of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ziółkowska
- Department and Clinic of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Jagielska G, Wolańczyk T, Komender J, Tomaszewicz-Libudzic C, Przedlacki J, Ostrowski K. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa--a longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 104:131-7. [PMID: 11473507 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total body and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD-TB, BMD-L) and total body bone mineral content (BMC-TB) were measured to establish the course of bone demineralization in anorexia nervosa and the clinical factors influencing BMC-TB and BMD changes during treatment. METHOD Forty-two girls with DSM III-R anorexia nervosa, age 14.7+/-2.4 years. BMC-TB, BMD-TB and BMD-L were measured in approximately 7-month intervals for 27.8+/-4.1 months using DXA. RESULTS Despite nutritional improvement, there was an initial decrease of BMD-L, and no change in BMC-TB and BMD-TB. an increase in BMC-TB and BMD was observed after approx. 21 months from the beginning of the study. CONCLUSION The improvement in BMC-TB and BMD was related to changes in nutritional status and was significantly marked in younger patients, with earlier anorexia onset and before menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jagielska
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Wojtowicz A, Chaberek S, Pirino A, Montella A, Bandiera P, Kinsner A, Ostrowski K. The trabecular structure of developing human mandible. Clin Orthod Res 2001; 4:161-171. [PMID: 11553100 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0544.2001.040306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we tried to analyse in quantitative terms the differences in trabecular structure of human mandibles 8, 10 and 12 weeks old. The analysis was performed on decalcified Sirius-red stained trabeculae, photographed in polarised light. The data obtained from Fourier transforms of scanned pictures were evaluated by discriminant analysis to show the differences between the analysed stages of development. Also, various parts of the mandible were compared because the clinical experience shows that the frequency of pathological changes is different in different parts of mandible bone. The complexity of trabecular structure of bone samples was measured by fractal dimension. It is concluded that this quantitative approach is reliable and, in the future, could be used for physiological and pathological analyses of bone biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wojtowicz
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Image Analysis, Clinical Hospital, Otwock, Poland; Universitá degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Italy; Department of Transplantology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Histology, Medical University, Warsaw, 02-004 Chalubinskiego 5, Poland
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23
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Krzywkowski K, Petersen EW, Ostrowski K, Link-Amster H, Boza J, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK. Effect of glutamine and protein supplementation on exercise-induced decreases in salivary IgA. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:832-8. [PMID: 11457800 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postexercise immune impairment has been linked to exercise-induced decrease in plasma glutamine concentration. This study examined the possibility of abolishing the exercise-induced decrease in salivary IgA through glutamine supplementation during and after intense exercise. Eleven athletes performed cycle ergometer exercise for 2 h at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake on 3 separate days. Glutamine (a total of 17.5 g), protein (a total of 68.5 g/6.2 g protein-bound glutamine), and placebo supplements were given during and up to 2 h after exercise. Unstimulated, timed saliva samples were obtained before exercise and 20 min, 140 min, 4 h, and 22 h postexercise. The exercise protocol induced a decrease in salivary IgA (IgA concentration, IgA output, and IgA relative to total protein). The plasma concentration of glutamine was decreased by 15% 2 h postexercise in the placebo group, whereas this decline was abolished by both glutamine and protein supplements. None of the supplements, however, was able to abolish the decline in salivary IgA. This study does not support that postexercise decrease in salivary IgA is related to plasma glutamine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krzywkowski
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Ostrowski K, Kinsner A. Inhibition of angiogenesis in the treatment of tumors. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2001; 49:27-31. [PMID: 11266087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression, growth and metastases. Many substances present in a normal organism can inhibit or stimulate the process of new vessel formation in tumors. The use of natural or synthetic angiogenesis inhibitors as anticancer drugs is currently under intense investigation. Such agents can have lower toxicity and are less likely to generate drug resistance than conventional cytotoxic drugs. Clinical trials are now underway to develop optimum treatment strategies for antiangiogenic drugs. This paper reviews the present achievements in preclinical and clinical studies with antitumor drugs based on inhibitors of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ostrowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Histology, Medical University of Warsaw.
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25
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Petersen EW, Ostrowski K, Ibfelt T, Richelle M, Offord E, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK. Effect of vitamin supplementation on cytokine response and on muscle damage after strenuous exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 280:C1570-5. [PMID: 11350752 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.6.c1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated whether antioxidant vitamin supplementation was able to modulate the cytokine and lymphocyte responses after strenuous eccentric exercise. Furthermore, muscle enzyme release was examined to see whether antioxidant treatment could reduce muscle damage. Twenty male recreational runners randomly received either antioxidants (500 mg of vitamin C and 400 mg of vitamin E) or placebo for 14 days before and 7 days after a 5% downhill 90-min treadmill run at 75% V˙o 2 max. Although the supplemented group differed significantly with regard to plasma vitamin concentration before and after exercise when compared with the placebo group, the two groups showed identical exercise-induced changes in cytokine, muscle enzyme, and lymphocyte subpopulations. The plasma level of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist increased 20- and 3-fold after exercise. The plasma level of creatine kinase was increased sixfold the day after exercise. The concentrations of CD4+ memory T cells, CD8+ memory and naı̈ve T cells, and natural killer cells increased at the end of exercise. The total lymphocyte concentration was below prevalues in the postexercise period. In conclusion, the present study does not support the idea that exercise-induced inflammatory responses are induced by free oxygen radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Blegsamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Wardyn KA, Zycińska K, Oledzka-Oreziak M, Ostrowski K, Krawczyk M, Królicki L, Caplin M. New therapeutic options of carcinoid syndrome metastatic to the liver. Med Sci Monit 2001; 7 Suppl 1:321-3. [PMID: 12211746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoid syndrome is a relatively rare disease, generally associated with poor prognosis. Conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methods often prove inadequate and ineffective. New therapeutic options have recently been provided by Radiolabeled long-acting somatostatin analogs (Octreotide), alpha interferon, 131 MIBG and non-pharmacological methods--embolization of the hepatic artery, gene therapy, and combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Wardyn
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Targońska M, Kochanowska I, Ostrowski K, Górski A. [Osteoimmunology: new area of research on the associations between the immune and bone systems]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2001; 105:435-40. [PMID: 11865598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Targońska
- Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. L. Hirszfelda, Wrocław
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28
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L giewska B, Pacholczyk M, Chmura A, Adadyński L, Szostek M, Michalak G, Ostrowski K, Wałaszewski J, Rowiński W. In situ perfusion and UW solution used for storage did not decrease the incidence of ATN in kidneys harvested from hemodynamically unstable donors. Transpl Int 2001; 7 Suppl 1:S476-8. [PMID: 11271284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1994.tb01422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of acute tubular necrosis ATN after cadaveric kidney transplantation in our centre has been in the range of 50%. A prospective study was carried out in 1991 and 1992 to assess the effect of in situ perfusion and hypothermic storage of kidneys harvested from brain-dead haemodynamically stable and unstable donors. Three litres of Ringer's solution were used for in situ perfusion. In 40 cases, the kidneys were stored in Euro-Collins (EC) solution and in the other 78 cases, in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Among the factors that could contribute to ATN, we analysed warm ischaemia time, anastomosis time and cold storage time. Function was considered to be delayed if the patient required posttransplantation dialysis. The donors were considered haemodynamically unstable when hypotension before harvesting was present (BP < 70 mm Hg over 2 h) despite high doses (> 15 microg/kg per minute) of dopamine or when cardiac arrest occurred at the time of harvesting and oliguria had been present for at least 2 h. Haemodynamically stable donors with a BP greater than 80 mm Hg had a normal diuresis. In all donors in this group the dose of dopamine was lower than 10 microg/kg per minute. The study showed that storage in UW solution did not influence the incidence of ATN in kidneys harvested from haemodynamically unstable donors. Differences observed in our study were due to haemodynamic status preceding donor nephrectomy and length of cold storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L giewska
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Warsaw Medical School, Poland
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29
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Abstract
During the last few years much attention has been paid to the chemokines. Chemokine receptors are necessary to render a target permissive for infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and high concentrations of chemokines have been shown to protect against the progression of HIV disease towards death. In the present study, we investigated the capability of strenuous exercise to induce elevated plasma concentrations of the chemokines interleukin (IL)-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta. Eight male athletes completed the Copenhagen Marathon 1997. Blood was sampled before, immediately after the run and every 30 min during a 4 h recovery period. Plasma chemokine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The IL-8, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta concentrations all peaked 0.5 h after the run when they were 6.7-fold, 3.5-fold and 4.1-fold increased, respectively. The elevated concentrations of chemokines in plasma after exercise could have implications for HIV-infected individuals; a possibility that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ostrowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases M7721, Rigshospitalet, 2200 KBH N, Denmark.
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30
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Toft AD, Thorn M, Ostrowski K, Asp S, Moller K, Iversen S, Hermann C, Sondergaard SR, Pedersen BK. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not affect cytokine response to strenuous exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000; 89:2401-6. [PMID: 11090595 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether fish oil supplementation was able to modulate the acute-phase response to strenuous exercise. Twenty male runners were randomized to receive supplementation (n = 10) with 6.0 g fish oil daily, containing 3.6 g n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), for 6 wk or to receive no supplementation (n = 10) before participating in The Copenhagen Marathon 1998. Blood samples were collected before the race, immediately after, and 1.5 and 3 h postexercise. The fatty acid composition in blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) differed between the fish oil-supplemented and the control group, showing incorporation of n-3 PUFA and less arachidonic acid in BMNC in the supplemented group. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-beta(1) peaked immediately after the run, the increase being 3-, 92-, and 1.1-fold, respectively, compared with resting samples. The level of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist peaked 1.5 h after exercise, with the increase being 87-fold. However, the cytokine levels did not differ among the two groups. Furthermore, supplementation with fish oil did not influence exercise-induced increases in leucocytes and creatine kinase. In conclusion, 6 wk of fish oil supplementation had no influence on the acute-phase response to strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Toft
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Abstract
The present study included data from three marathon races to investigate the hypothesis that a relationship exists between running intensity and elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 in plasma. The study included a total of 53 subjects whose mean age was 30.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4] years, mean body mass 77.7 (95% CI 2.0) kg, mean maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 59.3 (95% CI 1.4) ml x min(-1) x kg(-1), and who had participated in the Copenhagen Marathons of 1996, 1997 or 1998, achieving a mean running time of 206 (95% CI 7) min. Running intensity was calculated as running speed divided by VO2 max. The concentration of IL-6 in plasma peaked immediately after the run. There was a negative correlation between peak IL-6 concentration and running time (r = -0.30, P<0.05) and a positive correlation between peak IL-6 concentration and running intensity (r = 0.32, P<0.05). The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) plasma concentration peaked 1.5 h after the run and there was a positive correlation between the peak plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1ra (r = 0.39, P<0.01). Creatine kinase (CK) plasma concentration peaked on the 1st day after the run, but no association was found between peak concentrations of IL-6 and CK. In conclusion, the results confirmed the hypothesized association between plasma IL-6 concentration and running intensity, but did not confirm the previous finding of a connection between IL-6 plasma concentration and muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ostrowski
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet Afs 7652, Denmark
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32
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Wawrzyńska L, Przedlacki J, Hajduk B, Tomkowski W, Fijałkowska A, Ostrowski K, Torbicki A. [Secondary anticoagulant prophylaxis with low molecular heparins or oral anticoagulants and bone mineral density]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2000; 104:769-77. [PMID: 11434089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
A broad spectrum of indications for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) requires an assessment of side effects especially during prolonged administration. There are common risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and osteoporosis; heparin is "the drug of choice" for VTE treatment. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of treatment and prophylaxis with LMWH (enoxaparine sodium) and oral anticoagulant (acenocoumarol) for bone structure. Material consists of in- and outpatients. 49 densitometries were performed in 31 patients (in 15 cases double examination). We observed a decrease of bone mineral density in comparison to the initial examination in most cases: mean change of bone mass for examined areas was 3.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wawrzyńska
- Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych Klatki Piersiowej Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc w Warszawie
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Jonsdottir IH, Schjerling P, Ostrowski K, Asp S, Richter EA, Pedersen BK. Muscle contractions induce interleukin-6 mRNA production in rat skeletal muscles. J Physiol 2000; 528 Pt 1:157-63. [PMID: 11018114 PMCID: PMC2270126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The present study explored the hypothesis that interleukin-6 (IL-6) might be locally produced in response to skeletal muscle contractions and whether the production might reflect the type of muscle contraction performed. Rats were anaesthetized and the calf muscles of one limb were stimulated electrically for concentric or eccentric contractions (4 x 10 contractions with 1 min of rest between the 4 series, 100 Hz). The contralateral muscles served as unstimulated controls. The mRNA levels for IL-6, the glucose transport protein GLUT-4 and beta-actin in the rat muscles (white and red gastrocnemius and soleus) were quantified by quantitative competitive RT-PCR. 2. The IL-6 mRNA level, measured 30 min after the stimulation, increased after both eccentric and concentric contractions and there were no significant differences in IL-6 mRNA levels between the different muscle fibre types. No significant increase in IL-6 mRNA level was seen in the unstimulated contralateral muscle fibres. 3. No increase in GLUT-4 mRNA level was detected, indicating that the increase in IL-6 mRNA level was not due to general changes in transcription. 4. We conclude that IL-6 is locally produced after muscle contraction, with no significant differences between different muscle fibre types. This local production of IL-6 is not due to general changes in transcription, since no changes in the level of GLUT-4 mRNA were found. The fact that increased IL-6 mRNA levels were seen after both concentric and eccentric contractions indicates that the production of IL-6 is not solely due to muscle damage, seen primarily after eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Jonsdottir
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, The Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, and August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Søndergaard SR, Ostrowski K, Ullum H, Pedersen BK. Changes in plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists in response to adrenaline infusion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 83:95-8. [PMID: 11072780 DOI: 10.1007/s004210000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the possible role of adrenaline in the response of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonists (ra) to extreme physiological conditions such as trauma and exercise, we examined the concentrations in the plasma of these cytokines during an adrenaline infusion. Given the fact that HIV infected patients have elevated levels of IL-6 in plasma, 12 HIV seropositive subjects and 6 HIV seronegative control subjects received a 1-h adrenaline infusion. Baseline concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1ra were higher in the HIV patients compared with the controls (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), being most pronounced in the untreated subgroup of HIV infected patients (n = 6). The plasma concentration of adrenaline had increased 24-fold after 15 min of adrenaline infusion. The plasma concentration of IL-6 had increased by two- to threefold after 45 min of adrenaline infusion (P<0.01) and was still elevated 1 h after the infusion had ended (P<0.001 and P<0.05 in controls and HIV infected patients, respectively). The plasma concentration of IL-1ra had increased two- to threefold 1 h after ceasing the adrenaline infusion (P<0.05 and P<0.01 in controls and HIV infected patients, respectively). The relative increase in the cytokine levels was similar in controls and HIV infected patients. Thus, HIV infection did not influence the effect of adrenaline on IL-6 and IL-1ra. The present study supports the existence of a relationship between the plasma concentration of adrenaline and IL-6. It is possible that an increased adrenaline concentration in plasma induces a continued de novo synthesis of IL-6, thereby increasing plasma IL-6 in a time-dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Søndergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases M7721, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H, Ostrowski K, Krabbe K, Hansen H, Krzywkowski K, Toft A, Søndergaard SR, Petersen EW, Ibfelt T, Schjerling P. Cytokines in aging and exercise. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21 Suppl 1:S4-9. [PMID: 10893017 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased inflammatory activity. Increased plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were found in centenarians aged 100 years and in individuals aged 80-81 years when compared to a young control group. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha were linearly correlated to plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-receptors and C-reactive protein. High levels of TNF-alpha were directly related to dementia and to a low blood pressure ankle-arm index, indicating generalized atherosclerosis. In hospitalized patients with Streptococcus pneumonia infection, aging was associated with prolonged inflammatory activity. Similar results were found using an in vivo endotoxin challenge model in old versus young humans. Strenuous exercise induces increased levels in a number of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, naturally occurring cytokine inhibitors and chemokines. Thus, increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-Ira), TNF-receptors (TNF-R), IL-10, IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 are found after strenuous exercise. The cytokine response to strenuous exercise has similarities to the cytokine response to trauma and sepsis. Therefore, in future studies, exercise is suggested as an ethically applicable model to use in studies on mechanisms underlying the age-associated altered cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Pedersen
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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36
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Abstract
In essence, the immune system is enhanced during moderate and severe exercise, and only intense long-duration exercise is followed by impairment of the immune system. The latter includes suppressed concentration of lymphocytes, suppressed natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation and secretory IgA in saliva. During the time of immune impairment, referred to as "the open window", microbial agents, especially viruses may invade the host and infections may be established. One reason for the "overtraining effect" seen in elite athletes could be that this window of opportunism for pathogens is longer and the degree of immunosuppression more pronounced. Alterations in metabolism and metabolic factors may contribute to exercise-associated changes in immune function. Reductions in plasma-glutamine concentrations, altered plasma-glucose level, free oxygen radicals and prostaglandins (PG) released by the elevated number of neutrophils and monocytes may influence the function of lymphocytes and contribute to the impaired function of the later cells. Thus, nutritional supplementation with glutamine, carbohydrate, anti-oxidants or PG-inhibitors may, in principle, influence exercise-associated immune function. Although several intervention studies have been performed, it is premature to make recommendations regarding nutritional supplementation to avoid post-exercise impairment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Abstract
Strenuous exercise is followed by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, impaired natural immunity, decreased lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens, a low level of secretory immunoglobulin A in saliva, but high circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These exercise-induced immune changes may provide the physiological basis of altered resistance to infections. The mechanisms underlying exercise-induced immune changes are multifactorial and include neuroendocrinological and metabolic mechanisms. Nutritional supplementation with glutamine abolishes the exercise-induced decline in plasma glutamine, but does not influence post-exercise immune impairment. However, carbohydrate loading diminishes most exercise effects of cytokines, lymphocyte and neutrophils. The diminished neutrophilia and elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) responses to eccentric exercise in elderly subjects were enhanced to levels comparable with those of young subjects by fish oil or vitamin E supplements. However, although vitamin C supplementation may diminish the risk of contracting an infection after strenuous exercise, it is not obvious that this effect is linked to an effect of vitamin C on exercise-induced immune changes. In conclusion, it is premature to make recommendations regarding nutritional supplementation to avoid post-exercise impairment of the immune system.
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Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska J, Skórzewska K, Radowicki S, Sokalski A, Niemczyk S, Wardyn K, Bijak K, Przedlacki J, Ostrowski K. [Hormonal replacement therapy and lipid metabolism in women on hemodialysis with secondary to uremia estrogen deficiency]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1999; 102:671-6. [PMID: 10948699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It has been reported that postmenopausal women taking hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) are at reduced risk for cardiovascular disease mainly because of favorable changes in serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. However, the therapy is also known to increase hepatic triglyceride production. Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients on dialysis and lipid abnormalities are common. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of HRT on lipid metabolism in premenopausal women undergoing hemodialysis with premature oestrogen withdrawal. 25 hemodialyzed women, aged 37 +/- 9 years (19-44 years) with serum 17 beta-estradiol < 30 pg/ml were divided into: group I (n = 13) treated with transdermal HRT (estradiol with cyclic norethisterone acetate--Estracomb TTS 50/0.25; Novartis), and control group II (n = 12). Before the treatment serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased in 24% and serum triglycerides in 40% of patients, whereas HDL-cholesterol was decreased in 72% of patients. During one year, in group I a noticeable, 15% increase in serum HDL-cholesterol was observed from 0.90 +/- 0.23 to 1.04 +/- 0.19 mmol/l (34.8 +/- 8.8 to 39.8 +/- 7.4 mg/100 ml; p < 0.01). It was parallel to the increase in serum 17 beta-estradiol concentrations (from 20.5 +/- 8.91 to 50.3 +/- 17.20 pg/ml; p < 0.01). Serum LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides did not change significantly. In the control group all those values remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In hemodialysis women with premature estrogen deficiency the transdermal cyclic HRT leads to the clinically important increase in serum HDL-cholesterol without significant changes in serum triglyceride concentrations and could be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk in this population.
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Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska J, Skórzewska K, Radowicki S, Sokalski A, Niemczyk S, Wardyn K, Włodarczyk D, Przedlacki J, Puka J, Switalski M, Ostrowski K. [The prevention of bone mineral loss with hormonal replacement therapy in premenopausal women on dialysis with estrogen deficiency]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1999; 102:665-70. [PMID: 10948698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In 25-30% of premenopausal dialysis women low serum estrogen concentrations are observed. This "premature menopause" can significantly contribute to accelerated bone loss. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of estrogen-gestagen replacement therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in hemodialysis women with secondary to uremia estrogen deficiency. Among 20 hemodialysis women, aged 18-45 years, with serum 17 beta-estradiol < 30 pg/ml, ten (group I) received transdermal estradiol with cyclic addition of noretisterone acetate (Estracomb TTS 50/0.25), and another ten formed the control group (group II). BMD was evaluated by dual photon x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar) in: lumbar spine (L2-L4), 1/3 distal radius and femoral neck, before and after the study. Serum 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were measured before, and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of the study. After one year, in group I, in which serum 17 beta-estradiol normalized already during the first month (p < 0.001), an increase of in BMD was noted, although significant only in L2-L4 (p < 0.05). In group II, no change in serum 17 beta-estradiol and mild but insignificant decrease in BMD were observed. However, a comparison of BMD values after 12 months in both groups revealed the marked differences in all studied sites (p < 0.01, p < 0.02, p < 0.05 in L4-L2, distal radius and femoral neck, respectively). The mean serum calcium, phosphate, PTH and alkaline phosphatase activity were similar in both groups and did not change during the study. In premenopausal hemodialysis women with estrogen deficiency, hormonal replacement therapy inhibits bone demineralization and can be useful in prevention of early osteoporosis.
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Wojtowicz A, Yamauchi M, Montella A, Bandiera P, Sotowski R, Ostrowski K. Persistence of bone collagen cross-links in skeletons of the Nuraghi population living in Sardinia 1500-1200 B.C. Calcif Tissue Int 1999; 64:370-3. [PMID: 10203411 DOI: 10.1007/pl00005816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone collagen has a specific molecular ultrastructure which can be proved by birefringence. This protein, forming the main organic component of bone tissue, is known to survive millennia in paleontological bones and teeth. Birefringence of bone collagen obtained from the skeletons of the Nuraghi population living in Sardinia c-ca 1500 years B.C. was found previously by the use of polarizing microscopy [1]. In this paper, using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques, we show the existence of bone collagen cross-links preserved in Nuraghi skeletons after more than 3000 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wojtowicz
- Department of Transplantology, Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Abstract
1. The present study investigates to what extent and by which time course prolonged strenuous exercise influences the plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory and inflammation responsive cytokines as well as cytokine inhibitors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. 2. Ten male subjects (median age 27.5 years, range 24-37) completed the Copenhagen Marathon 1997 (median running time 3 : 26 (h : min), range 2 : 40-4 : 20). Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and then every 30 min in a 4 h post-exercise recovery period. 3. The plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-1ra, sTNF-r1, sTNF-r2 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The highest concentration of IL-6 was found immediately after the race, whereas IL-1ra peaked 1 h post exercise (128-fold and 39-fold increase, respectively, as compared with the pre-exercise values). The plasma level of IL-1beta, TNFalpha, sTNF-r1 and sTNF-r2 peaked in the first hour after the exercise (2. 1-, 2.3-, 2.7- and 1.6-fold, respectively). The plasma level of IL-10 showed a 27-fold increase immediately post exercise. 4. In conclusion, strenuous exercise induces an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-1beta and a dramatic increase in the inflammation responsive cytokine IL-6. This is balanced by the release of cytokine inhibitors (IL-1ra, sTNF-r1 and sTNF-r2) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The study suggests that cytokine inhibitors and anti-inflammatory cytokines restrict the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ostrowski
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen and The Department of Infectious Diseases M, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen,
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Przedlacki J, Pluskiewicz W, Wieliczko M, Drozdzowska B, Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska J, Bogdańska-Straszyńska B, Wlodarczyk D, Ostrowski K. Quantitative ultrasound of phalanges and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of forearm and hand in patients with end-stage renal failure treated with dialysis. Osteoporos Int 1999; 10:1-6. [PMID: 10501772 DOI: 10.1007/s001980050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of the proximal phalanges of the hand in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) treated with dialysis, and to compare results of this method with those from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of hands and forearms (shaft and ultradistal site). Forty-one men aged 48.1 +/- 11.7 years and 31 women aged 43.1 +/- 12.3 years were examined. Mean QUS values of the hands in men and women with ESRF were significantly lower than the values of the healthy control group. There was a significant positive correlation between QUS and DXA of fingers, hands and also forearms, more pronounced in the shaft than in the ultradistal site. There was no significant difference in the measurements of extremities with or without a fistula. We conclude that QUS measurements are decreased in patients with ESRF treated with dialysis, and they correlate with DXA results. The simplicity of QUS makes it a valuable method in everyday practice. The clinical significance of the QUS results in these patients with ESRF treated with dialysis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Przedlacki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Medical Academy of Warsaw, Poland
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Stachowicz W, Sadlo J, Strzelczak G, Michalik J, Bandiera P, Mazzarello V, Montella A, Wojtowicz A, Kaminski A, Ostrowski K. Dating of palaeoanthropological nuragic skeletal tissues using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry. Ital J Anat Embryol 1999; 104:19-31. [PMID: 10218000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Dating of skeletons of Nuragic population living in Sardinia island centuries BP, based on the quantitative evaluation of the concentration of stable paramagnetic species produced by ionising radiation in tooth enamel was performed by using EPR spectrometry. Applying the additive dose method (60Co gamma rays) and comparative calculations based on analogous measurements done with Roman skeleton of the known age as discovered close to Nuragic tomb (Tombs of Giants, La Testa S. Teresa di Gallura, Sardinia) the age of Nuragic skeleton was evaluated as equal to about 3,200 years (1,200 years BC). The total error of EPR measurements and dose extrapolation was estimated for 10-12%. Crystallinity of bone mineral in Nuragic skeleton evaluated by the EPR technique, adapted earlier by some of the authors of the present paper for biomedical studies on mineralised tissues, is only little changed after the centuries of its deposition in the tomb when compared with contemporary bone tissue. Comparison of chemical composition of Nuragic skeleton contaminated through slow percolation by rain of floods with that of contemporary bone sample shows the increase of the concentration of Fe, PO4, SiO2, Al and Mg, Fe, SiO2, AP are not present in contemporary bones. As expected, the contamination was minimal in tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stachowicz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Rowiński W, Ostrowski K, Adadyński L, Barcikowska B, Lao M, Lisik W, Lagiewska B, Madej K, Michalak G, Wałaszewski J. Factors limiting renal transplantation program in Poland. Ann Transplant 1998; 1:18-22. [PMID: 9869932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs has been the main obstacle to the expansion of transplantation programs. Recent public opinion survey documented acceptance of the cadaveric kidney procurement in our country but some reluctance to brain death and presumed consent concepts. Recently, the survey was carried out within the medical community to find out whether the level of knowledge and the attitude toward donation has an influence on the slow development of the transplantation program. A questionnaire was addressed to: 1010 general practitioners, neurosurgeons and anesthesiologists; 926 ICU and neurosurgical nurses and 1760 students of 12 medical schools of the country. Vast majority of doctors, nurses and last year medical students accept retrieval and transplantation of kidneys and the heart, but not of the liver. Acceptance of this procedure among junior medical students and university students was lower (78% vs 98%). Most of the respondents would agree to donate their kidneys and other organs, but 20% would protest against harvesting of the organs from their relatives. 100% of the physicians and 80% of medical students and nurses accept the brain death concept(which is accepted only by 60% of non medical university students) but only 44% of the doctors are prepared to switch off the respirator after diagnosis of brain death if harvesting is not taking place. Only half of the physicians would notify the transplantation unit about the possibility of organ retrieval. The reasons mentioned for such decision included fear of negative judgment of the local community and problems with deceased relatives. 60% of physicians talking to the family about retrieval would ask for the relatives' consent despite the fact, that the transplantation law in Poland is based on the presumed consent of each individual. The results of the knowledge survey among medical students documented inadequate medical education concerning problems of transplantation. Educational campaign is needed to promote and extend the cadaveric organ transplantation in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rowiński
- Transplantation Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Ostrowski K, Hermann C, Bangash A, Schjerling P, Nielsen JN, Pedersen BK. A trauma-like elevation of plasma cytokines in humans in response to treadmill running. J Physiol 1998; 513 ( Pt 3):889-94. [PMID: 9824725 PMCID: PMC2231318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.889ba.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Elevated levels of cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1ra, can be measured in the plasma of athletes after exhaustive long term exercise. 2. The present study investigates the kinetics of several cytokines and chemokines in ten male athletes before, during and after 2.5 h of treadmill running at 75 % of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2,max). Blood was sampled before, every half-hour during running and every hour in the following 6 h recovery period. 3. The plasma concentration of IL-6 increased after 30 min of running, and peaked at the end of running with a 25-fold increase compared with the pre-exercise value. IL-1ra increased only after running, and peaked after 2 h of rest with an 18-fold increase compared with the pre-exercise value. No changes were found in the concentrations of IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, IL-15 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, and the concentrations of IL-8 and MIP-1alpha were below detection limits. 4. The results suggest that very early events in exercise trigger the release of IL-6, and that the cytokine response to exercise has similarities to that observed after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ostrowski
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases M, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
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Wojtowicz A, Yamauchi M, Sotowski R, Ostrowski K. Normalization of periodontal tissues in osteopetrotic mib mutant rats, treated with CSF-1. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33:486-90. [PMID: 9879522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The osteopetrotic mib mutation in rats causes defects in the skeletal bone tissue in young animals. These defects, i.e. slow bone remodelling, changes in both crystallinity and mineral content, are transient and undergo normalization, even without any treatment in 6-wk-old animals. Treatment with CSF-1 (colony stimulating factor-1) accelerates the normalization process in skeletal bones. The periodontal tissues around the apices of incisors show abnormalities caused by the slow remodelling process of the mandible bone tissue, the deficiency of osteoclasts and their abnormal morphology, as well as the disorganization of periodontal ligament fibres. In contrast to the skeletal tissues, these abnormalities would not undergo spontaneous normalization. Under treatment with colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), the primitive bone trabeculae of mandible are resorbed and the normalization of the number of osteoclasts and their cytology occurs. The organization of the periodontal ligament fibres is partially restored, resembling the histological structure of the normal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wojtowicz
- Department of Transplantology, Medical University in Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Goliat E, Marusza W, Ostrowski K, Lipińska A. [Microalbuminuria as a risk factor for diabetic osteopathy in patients with IDDM and renal sufficiency]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 1998; 100:111-8. [PMID: 10101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in bone marrow vascularisation can be one of the causes of diabetic osteopathy. The aim of the study was to answers the question if microalbuminuria as a results of capillary injury can be a sign of bone mineralisation disorders in IDDM renal sufficient patients. We examined 60 IDDM patients (30 women without menstruation disturbances; 30 men; age 25-36 years old). All the observed subjects were divided into groups: I-30 normoalbuminuric patients (0-29 mg/24 h); II-30 microabuminuric patients (30-295 mg/24 h). Bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck, lumbar spine (L2-L4) and total body was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar). The biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured both in serum and urine as follows: osteocalcine, total hydroxyproline (HPR, HPR/Cr), total alkaline phosphatase (AP) with bone fraction, total calcium (Ca, Ca/Cr) and inorganic phosphor (P). Microalbuminuric patients presented more severe bone turnover disturbances, shown by differences in: BMD and Z-score for femoral neck (p < 0.05), serum HPR (p < 0.05), AP (p < 0.05), AP (p < 0.01) and its bone fraction (p < 0.05). We proved the presence of statistically significant correlation coefficients for albuminuria and some densytometric and biochemical bone parameeters. Our results suggest that microalbuminuria can indirectly indicate the dynamic of bone turnover derangement in IDDM course. They are present mostly in the femoral neck, which because of the vascularisation type is particularly susceptible to subalimentation in the diabetic microangiopathy course.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Goliat
- Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych i Nefrologii Akademii Medycznej w Warszawie
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49
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Morris-Stiff G, Ostrowski K, Balaji V, Moore R, Darby C, Lord R, Jurewicz WA. Prospective randomised study comparing tacrolimus (Prograf) and cyclosporin (Neoral) as primary immunosuppression in cadaveric renal transplants at a single institution: interim report of the first 80 cases. Transpl Int 1998; 11 Suppl 1:S334-6. [PMID: 9665010 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing study, 80 patients undergoing cadaveric renal transplantation were randomised to receive either Prograf [PTT (patients receiving Prograf); n = 40]- or Neoral [NTT (patients receiving Neoral); n = 40]-based immunosuppression as part of a triple therapy regimen. Prograf was commenced at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg per day and Neoral at 8 mg/kg per day. Both groups received identical azathioprine and corticosteroid regimens. Trough levels for Prograf were maintained between 5 and 15 ng/ml and for Neoral between 100 and 200 ng/ml. During the 3-month follow up 40% of PTT and 33% of NTT experienced biopsy-proven acute rejection. In each group 81% of rejection episodes were classified as either borderline or grade 1. The median 3-month serum creatinine levels were 128 mumol/l and 135 mumol/l, respectively, for PTT and NTT. Six grafts were lost in the NTT group including three deaths with functioning grafts whilst none were lost in the PTT group (chi 2, P < 0.02). The prevalence of other complications was similar for the two groups. We conclude that Prograf represents an effective and safe therapy as a primary immunosuppressive agent following cadaveric renal transplantation and appears to have a similar side-effect profile to Neoral.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morris-Stiff
- Department of Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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50
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Morris-Stiff G, Ostrowski K, Balaji V, Moore R, Darby C, Lord R, Jurewicz WA. Prospective randomised study comparing tacrolimus (Prograf) and cyclosporin (Neoral) as primary immunosuppression in cadaveric renal transplants at a single institution: interim report of the first 80 cases. Transpl Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1998.tb01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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