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Zimmer K, Kocher F, Untergasser G, Kircher B, Amann A, Baca Y, Xiu J, Korn WM, Berger MD, Lenz HJ, Puccini A, Fontana E, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Hall M, El-Deiry WS, Hsiehchen D, Macarulla T, Tabernero J, Pichler R, Khushman M, Manne U, Lou E, Wolf D, Sokolova V, Schnaiter S, Zeimet AG, Gulhati P, Widmann G, Seeber A. PBRM1 mutations might render a subtype of biliary tract cancers sensitive to drugs targeting the DNA damage repair system. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:64. [PMID: 37400502 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybromo-1 (PBRM1) loss of function mutations are present in a fraction of biliary tract cancers (BTCs). PBRM1, a subunit of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex, is involved in DNA damage repair. Herein, we aimed to decipher the molecular landscape of PBRM1 mutated (mut) BTCs and to define potential translational aspects. Totally, 1848 BTC samples were analyzed using next-generation DNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). siRNA-mediated knockdown of PBRM1 was performed in the BTC cell line EGI1 to assess the therapeutic vulnerabilities of ATR and PARP inhibitors in vitro. PBRM1 mutations were identified in 8.1% (n = 150) of BTCs and were more prevalent in intrahepatic BTCs (9.9%) compared to gallbladder cancers (6.0%) or extrahepatic BTCs (4.5%). Higher rates of co-mutations in chromatin-remodeling genes (e.g., ARID1A 31% vs. 16%) and DNA damage repair genes (e.g., ATRX 4.4% vs. 0.3%) were detected in PBRM1-mutated (mut) vs. PBRM1-wildtype (wt) BTCs. No difference in real-world overall survival was observed between PBRM1-mut and PBRM1-wt patients (HR 1.043, 95% CI 0.821-1.325, p = 0.731). In vitro, experiments suggested that PARP ± ATR inhibitors induce synthetic lethality in the PBRM1 knockdown BTC model. Our findings served as the scientific rationale for PARP inhibition in a heavily pretreated PBRM1-mut BTC patient, which induced disease control. This study represents the largest and most extensive molecular profiling study of PBRM1-mut BTCs, which in vitro sensitizes to DNA damage repair inhibiting compounds. Our findings might serve as a rationale for future testing of PARP/ATR inhibitors in PBRM1-mut BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zimmer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Amann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Martin D Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Fontana
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK, Marylebone, London, UK
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Hall
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David Hsiehchen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Teresa Macarulla
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Emil Lou
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktorija Sokolova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Provincial Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Simon Schnaiter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alain G Zeimet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pat Gulhati
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gerlig Widmann
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kocher F, Puccini A, Untergasser G, Martowicz A, Zimmer K, Pircher A, Baca Y, Xiu J, Haybaeck J, Tymoszuk P, Goldberg RM, Petrillo A, Shields AF, Salem ME, Marshall JL, Hall M, Korn WM, Nabhan C, Battaglin F, Lenz HJ, Lou E, Choo SP, Toh CK, Gasteiger S, Pichler R, Wolf D, Seeber A. Multi-omic Characterization of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Relates CXCR4 mRNA Expression Levels to Potential Clinical Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4957-4967. [PMID: 36112544 PMCID: PMC9660543 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemokines are essential for immune cell trafficking and are considered to have a major impact on the composition of the tumor microenvironment. CX-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is associated with poor differentiation, metastasis, and prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study provides a comprehensive molecular portrait of PDAC according to CXCR4 mRNA expression levels. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to explore molecular and immunologic features associated with CXCR4 mRNA expression in PDAC. A large real-word dataset (n = 3,647) served for validation and further exploratory analyses. Single-cell RNA analyses on a publicly available dataset and in-house multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) experiments were performed to elaborate cellular localization of CXCR4. RESULTS High CXCR4 mRNA expression (CXCR4high) was associated with increased infiltration of regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages, and upregulation of several immune-related genes, including immune checkpoint transcripts (e.g., TIGIT, CD274, PDCD1). Analysis of the validation cohort confirmed the CXCR4-dependent immunologic TME composition in PDAC irrespective of microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient or tumor mutational burden. Single-cell RNA analysis and mIF revealed that CXCR4 was mainly expressed by macrophages and T-cell subsets. Clinical relevance of our finding is supported by an improved survival of CXCR4high PDAC. CONCLUSIONS High intratumoral CXCR4 mRNA expression is linked to a T cell- and macrophage-rich PDAC phenotype with high expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints. Thus, our findings might serve as a rationale to investigate CXCR4 as a predictive biomarker in patients with PDAC undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Martowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Data Analytics As a Service Tirol (DAAS) Tirol, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Anthony F. Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mohamed E. Salem
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - John L. Marshall
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Michael Hall
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Su-Pin Choo
- Curie Oncology, Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, Singapore
| | - Chee-Keong Toh
- Curie Oncology, Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, Singapore
| | - Silvia Gasteiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Corresponding Author: Andreas Seeber, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria. Phone: 0043-50504-83166; E-mail:
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Seeber A, Elliott A, Modiano J, Untergasser G, von Mehren M, Rosenberg A, Khushman M, Dizon DS, Riedel RF, Trent JC, Zimmer K, Lagos G, DeNardo B, Sarver A, Puccini A, Walker P, Oberley MJ, Korn WM, Wolf D, Kocher F. Age as a factor in the molecular landscape and the tumor-microenvironmental signature of osteosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11525 Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) incidence is characterized by a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in early adolescence and in adults > 65 years of age. In contrast to adolescents, OS in adults is frequently considered as a secondary neoplasm (i.e., transformation of Paget´s disease of the bone, radiation induced). Yet, the literature is scarce regarding the impact of age on the molecular landscape of OS. Herein, we sought to explore the association between age and the genomic profile as well as the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in a large cohort of OS patients. Methods: 208 specimens were centrally analysed at the Caris Life Sciences laboratory with DNA seq (NextSeq, 592 gene panel or NovaSeq, whole-exome sequencing), RNA seq (Archer fusion panel or whole-transcriptome sequencing) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RNA deconvolution and differential expression analyses were performed using the Microenvironment Cell Populations counter method for quantification of immune cell populations and gene expression profiling. The cohort was stratified into three distinct age groups (< 25 years [n = 83], 25-45 years [n = 58], > 45 years [67]). Results: Overall, the most frequently detected mutations were in TP53 (37%), RB1 (13%), ATRX (9%), TERT (6%), PTEN (5%), PIK3CA (4%) and KMT2D (3%). Copy number alterations were most frequently detected in CDK4 (12%), LRIG3 (11%), FLCN (11%), MDM2 (9%), CCND3 (9%), VEGFA (8%), TFEB (8%). Interestingly, age-based stratification revealed an increased frequency of FLCN (19.7 vs 4.7%, p < 0.01), CCND3 (13.9 vs 3.1%, p < 0.05), and HSP90AB1 (11.3 vs 0.0%, p < 0.01), alterations in patients < 25 years compared to > 45 years. TME analysis revealed that patients > 45 years have decreased B-cell abundance compared to patients < 25 years (2.9-fold decrease, p < 0.05) and 25-45 years (4.8-fold decrease, p < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, median transcriptional expression of PD-L1 was numerically increased in patients > 45 years (1.8-fold compared to 25-45 years, p = 0.17; 2.0-fold compared to < 25 years, p = 0.27), which was consistent with increasing rates of IHC PD-L1 expression with age (5.3%, 9.4%, and 17.5%, respectively, p = 0.06). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the largest cohort of molecularly characterized OS. Age-associated differences in the genetic landscape and TME composition, including increased gene amplifications observed in younger patients and decreased B-cell abundance in older patients, might suggest fundamental underlying molecular and biological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Jaime Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department ofInternal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Andrew Rosenberg
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Don S. Dizon
- Lifespan Cancer Institute and Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Jonathan C. Trent
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Bradley DeNardo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Domink Wolf
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin Hämatologie & Onkologie, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicin V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Seeber A, Battaglin F, Zimmer K, Kocher F, Baca Y, Xiu J, Spizzo G, Novotny-Diermayr V, Rieder D, Puccini A, Swensen J, Ellis M, Goldberg RM, Grothey A, Shields AF, Marshall JL, Weinberg BA, Sackstein PE, Hon Lim K, San Tan G, Nabhan C, Korn WM, Amann A, Trajanoski Z, Berger MD, Lou E, Wolf D, Lenz HJ. Comprehensive analysis of R-spondin fusions and RNF43 mutations implicate novel therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1863-1870. [PMID: 35254413 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene fusions involving R-spondin (RSPOfp) and RNF43 mutations have been shown to drive Wnt-dependent tumor initiation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of RSPOfp/RNF43 mutated (mut) compared to wildtype CRCs to gain insights into potential rationales for therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A discovery cohort was classified for RSPOfp/RNF43 status using DNA/RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. An independent cohort was used to validate our findings. RESULTS The discovery cohort consisted of 7,245 CRC samples. RSPOfp and RNF43 mutations were detected in 1.3% (n=94) and 6.1% (n=443) of cases. We found 5 RSPO fusion events that had not previously been reported (e.g. IFNGR1-RSPO3). RNF43-mut tumors were associated with right-sided primary tumors. No RSPOfp tumors had RNF43 mutations. In comparison to wildtype CRCs, RSPOfp tumors were characterized by a higher frequency of BRAF, BMPR1A and SMAD4 mutations. APC mutations were observed in only a minority of RSPOfp-positive compared to wildtype cases (4.4 vs. 81.4%). Regarding RNF43 mutations, a higher rate of KMT2D and BRAF mutations were detectable compared to wildtype samples. While RNF43 mutations were associated with a microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) phenotype (64.3%), and a TMB {greater than or equal to}10 mt/Mb (65.8%), RSPOfp was not associated with MSI-H/dMMR. The validation cohort replicated our genetic findings. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest series of RSPOfp/RNF43-mut CRCs reported to date. Comprehensive molecular analyses asserted the unique molecular landscape associated with RSPO/RNF43 and suggested potential alternative strategies to overcome the low clinical impact of Wnt-targeted agents and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Yasmine Baca
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, United States
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department of Internale Medicine, Oncologic Day Hospital, Bressanone-Brixen, South Tyrol, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Puccini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy, Italy
| | | | - Michelle Ellis
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, United States
| | - Richard M Goldberg
- The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Axel Grothey
- West Cancer Center, Germantown, TN, Germantown, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Weinberg
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Paul E Sackstein
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, United States
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Translational Pathology centre, Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gek San Tan
- Translational Pathology centre, Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- Caris Life Sciences and College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Deerfield, United States
| | - W Michael Korn
- Caris Life Sciences (United States), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Arno Amann
- Innsbruck Medical Universtiy, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Emil Lou
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zimmer K, Kocher F, Puccini A, Seeber A. Targeting BRCA and DNA Damage Repair Genes in GI Cancers: Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662055. [PMID: 34707985 PMCID: PMC8542868 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutated germline alleles in the DNA damage repair (DDR) genes “breast cancer gene 1” (BRCA1) and BRCA2 have originally been identified as major susceptibility genes in breast and ovarian cancers. With the establishment and approval of more cost-effective gene sequencing methods, germline and somatic BRCA mutations have been detected in several cancers. Since the approval of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for BRCA-mutated cancers, BRCA mutations gained rising therapeutic implications. The impact and significance of BRCA mutations have been evaluated extensively in the last decades. Moreover, other genes involved in the DDR pathway, such as ATM, ATR, or CHK1, have emerged as potential new treatment targets, as inhibitors of these proteins are currently under clinical investigation. This review gives a concise overview on the emerging clinical implications of mutations in the DDR genes in gastrointestinal cancers with a focus on BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zimmer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Zimmer K, Kocher F, Untergasser G, Puccini A, Xiu J, Wolf D, Spizzo G, Goldberg RM, Grothey A, Shields AF, Marshall J, Hall MJ, Korn WM, Nabhan C, Battaglin F, Lenz HJ, El-Deiry WS, Amann A, Hsiehchen D, Seeber A. Identification and prognostic impact of PBRM1 mutations in biliary tract cancers: Results of a comprehensive molecular profiling study. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4022 Background: The prognosis of biliary tract cancers (BTC) remains dismal and novel treatment strategies are needed to improve survival. Polybromo-1 ( PBRM1) is a subunit of the PBF chromatin-remodeling complex and preclinical studies suggest induction of synthetic lethality by PARP inhibitors in PBRM1-mutated cancers. Therefore, we aimed to describe the molecular landscape in BTC harboring PBRM1 mutations. Methods: 1,848 BTC samples were included in this study. Specimens were analyzed using NextGen DNA sequencing (NextSeq, 592 gene panel or NovaSeq, whole-exome sequencing), whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (NovaSeq) and immunohistochemistry (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Pathway gene enrichment analyses were done using GSEA (Subramaniam 2015, PNAS). Immune cell fraction was calculated by QuantiSeq (Finotello 2019, Genome Medicine). Survival was calculated from time of tissue collection to last contact using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results: PBRM1 mutations were identified in 8.1% (n = 150) of BTC tumors and were more prevalent in intrahepatic BTC (9.9%) than in gallbladder cancer (6%, p = 0.0141) and in extrahepatic BTC (4.5%, p = 0.008). In PBRM1-mutated tumors, we found a higher rate of MSI-H/dMMR (8.7% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.0001) and a higher median TMB (4 vs. 3 mt/MB, p < 0.0001). When compared to PBRM1-wildtype cancers higher rates of co-mutations in chromatin-remodeling genes (e.g. ARID1A, 31% vs. 16% , p < 0.0001) and DNA damage repair pathway (e.g. ATRX, 4.4% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.0001) were detected. Within PBRM1-mutated tumors, a significant higher frequency of infiltrating M1 macrophages was observed (p < 0.0001). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that genes associated with tumor inflammation (e.g. HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, IFNGR1) were enriched in PBRM1-mutated tumors (NES = 2.02, FDR = 1.3%, p < 0.0001). Overall survival analysis showed that PBRM1 mutations were associated with a favorable outcome (HR 1.502, 95% CI [1.013-2.227], p = 0.041). This relationship was also present in MSS subgroup (HR: 1.667, [1.026-2.71], p = 0.037). Conclusions: This is the largest and most extensive molecular profiling study focusing on PBRM1-mutated BTC. Co-mutations in chromatin-remodelling and DNA damage repair genes might set the stage for clinical testing of PARP inhibitors in PBRM1-mutated BTC. Moreover, a distinct tumor microenvironment characterized by high M1 macrophages infiltration and an enrichment of inflammatory genes suggest a potential benefit of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicin V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncologic Day Hospital, Hospital of Bressanone (SABES-ASDAA), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Arno Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Hsiehchen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Seeber A, Kocher F, Pircher A, Puccini A, Baca Y, Xiu J, Zimmer K, Haybaeck J, Spizzo G, Goldberg RM, Grothey A, Shields AF, Salem ME, Marshall J, Hall MJ, Korn WM, Nabhan C, Battaglin F, Lenz HJ, Wolf DGF. High CXCR4 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as characterized by an inflammatory tumor phenotype with potential implications for an immunotherapeutic approach. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4021 Background: Immunotherapy is considered ineffective in the majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a consequence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, treatment induced inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the COMBAT trial caused T cell infiltration and tumor regression in a subset of PDAC patients. Elucidating a phenotype that predicts response is clinically relevant. We performed a comprehensive molecular landscape study in PDAC evaluating CXCR4 RNA expression. Methods: 3,647 PDAC specimens were centrally analysed. NextGen DNA sequencing (NextSeq, 592 gene panel or NovaSeq, whole-exome sequencing), whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (NovaSeq) and immunohistochemistry (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ) were performed. Gene expression is reported as TPM (Transcripts per million). Pathway gene enrichment analyses were done using GSEA (Subramaniam 2015, PNAS). Immune cell fraction was calculated by QuantiSeq (Finotello 2019, Genome Medicine). The cohort was stratified in quartiles according to CXCR4 RNA expression status. Results: Overall, CXCR4 expression was higher in primary tumors compared to distant metastasis (38 vs. 28 TPM, p < 0.0001). CXCR4-high (top quartile: > 59 TPMs), when compared to CXCR4-low (bottom quartile: < 17 TPM) PDACs, were characterized by a high prevalence of mutations in signal transduction pathway genes (e.g. GNAS: 3.6 vs. 0.5%), an increased infiltration of immune cells (e.g. CD8+ T cells, M1 macrophages), and a higher expression of HLA-DRA and HLA-E (all p < 0.0001). We detected an upregulation of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, CCL5, IDO1 and LAG3 in CXCR4-high compared to CXCR4-low tumors. In contrast, lower PD-L1 expression (17.4 vs. 13.1%, p = 0.02), genomic loss of heterozygosity (17.4 vs. 10.8%), and a lower frequency of gene amplifications in ERBB2 (2.1 vs. 0.1%), TNFRSF14 (2.0 vs. 0.1%), and TP53 (82 vs. 73%, all p < 0.0001) were observed. Moreover, CXCR4-high expression was associated with a better survival (HR: 1.417, 95% CI [1.168-1.72], p < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study comprehensively investigating the molecular landscape of PDACs according to CXCR4 RNA expression. High CXCR4 expression is associated with an improved survival and a pro-inflammatory phenotype that may identify a subset of tumors with greater responsiveness to immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Kai Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncologic Day Hospital, Hospital of Bressanone (SABES-ASDAA), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Dominik Georg Friedrich Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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Seeber A, Holzer L, Elliott A, Dammerer D, Florou V, Groisberg R, Henninger B, Korn WM, Lanbach J, von Mehren M, Modiano J, O`Day S, Perathoner A, Rosenberg A, Schmitz K, Schwabegger A, Thaler M, Trent JC, Zimmer K, Kocher F. Deciphering the molecular landscape and the tumor microenvironment of perivascular epitheloid cell neoplasma (PEComa). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11539 Background: PEComa is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm composed of perivascular epithelioid cells. Due to its rarity, diagnosis is challenging and no standardized treatment guidelines have been established. A subgroup of PEComas are characterized by a loss of function mutation in TSC1/2 that activates the PIK3-Akt-mTOR pathway. In the majority of patients, however, the molecular landscape and the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain largely unclear. Thus, we conducted this study to elucidate the genetic landscape of PEComas. A comparative analysis was performed with melanoma as a representative immunogenic tumor type. Methods: Thirty-five PEComa specimens were centrally analysed at the Caris Life Sciences laboratory. NextGen DNA sequencing (NextSeq, 592 gene panel or NovaSeq, whole-exome-sequencing), whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (NovaSeq) and immunohistochemistry (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ) were performed. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. RNA deconvolution analysis was performed using the Microenvironment Cell Populations (MCP)-counter method to quantify immune cell populations (Becht 2016, Genome Biology). Results: The most common mutations detected in this cohort were TP53 (47%), ATRX (32%), TSC1/2 (11%/29%) and MSH3 (17%). Interestingly, TP53 mutations occurred less frequently (25 vs 60%, p = 0.055) in TSC1/2-mutated ( TSC1/2-mt) compared to TSC1/2-wildtype ( TSC1/2-wt) tumors, whereas MSH3 (25%, n = 1/4) and ERCC2 (14%, n = 2/14) mutations were exclusively observed in TSC1/2-mt cases. TSC1/2 mutations and other mTOR signalling pathway alterations, including two TFE gene fusion transcripts, were mutually exclusive. Of note, we found that 33.3% (n = 2) of TSC2-mt tumors were associated with high PIK3-Akt-mTOR pathway expression, while 100% (n = 3) of TSC1-mt tumors demonstrated lower expression. Deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high and high tumor mutational burden were rare (2.9%, n = 1 each) and observed concurrently in absence of PD-L1 expression. Overall, PD-L1 expression was observed in 21.9% (n = 7) of patients. An exploratory comparison with melanoma revealed that PEComa TMEs were characterized by a significant increase of NK cells and fibroblasts, as well as a relevant decrease of CD8+ T cells and B cells. Conclusions: Within this study we discovered a heterogeneous molecular landscape with a high prevalence of TSC1/2 mutations that were in part associated with transcriptional up-regulation of the PIK3-Akt-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the relatively immune-cold TME compared to melanoma suggests increased lymphocyte infiltration may be required to increase the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for PEComa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lea Holzer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Dietmer Dammerer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vaia Florou
- Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Benjamin Henninger
- Department of Radiology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Lanbach
- Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Jaime Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Steven O`Day
- John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Alexander Perathoner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Centre for Operative Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew Rosenberg
- University of Miami-Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
| | | | - Anton Schwabegger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thaler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jonathan C. Trent
- University of Miami-Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicin V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Wendt K, Kratz JV, Lantzsch J, Müller P, Nörtershäuser W, Seibert A, Trautmann N, Waldek A, Zimmer K. Rapid ultratrace determination of 89,90Sr in environmental samples by collinear laser resonance ionization spectrometry / Schneller, empfindlicher Spurennachweis von 89,90Sr in Umweltproben mit kollinearer Laser-Resonanzionisations-Spektrometrie. KERNTECHNIK 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-1996-622-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kocher F, Amann A, Zimmer K, Geisler S, Fuchs D, Pichler R, Wolf D, Kurz K, Seeber A, Pircher A. High indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) activity is linked to primary resistance to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:304-313. [PMID: 33569314 PMCID: PMC7867793 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic profiling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may identify key metabolic vulnerabilities and shows enormous discovery potential. Preclinical studies showed that metabolic rewiring in cancer plays an essential role in modulation of immunotherapy response. However, this situation is understudied in the clinical setting. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the plasma metabolic profile of immune checkpoint inhibitor (CI) responding versus non-responding NSCLC patients. The aim of this project is to identify potential predictive biomarkers for CI response. Methods Plasma samples from CI treated NSCLC patients were analysed at baseline and at the first follow up scan by using a broad targeted metabolomics mass spectrometry panel, and were compared to healthy controls. For further validation of identified key alterations high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn) as indicator of IDO-activity was performed. Results Sixty-seven metabolites were significantly altered in NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls. The metabolic profile of patients with primary CI resistance showed an increase in indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and a decrease in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) compared to baseline concentrations. Deregulated IDO activity was validated by additional HPLC measurements, which revealed that baseline Trp levels were predictive for CI response. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-analysis baseline Trp levels ≥49.3 µmol/L predicted disease control at the first follow up scan with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 71%. Conclusions We showed that NSCLC patients are characterized by a distinct metabolic profile compared to healthy controls. Moreover, metabolic changes during CI therapy were observed. Of those IDO metabolism seemed to play an important role in primary CI resistance. Trp as a surrogate parameter of IDO activity is a promising biomarker in patients undergoing treatment with CIs and might be a future marker in trials investigating IDO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kocher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Geisler
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Medical Clinic III, Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Pneumology, Rheumatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Seeber A, Zimmer K, Kocher F, Puccini A, Xiu J, Nabhan C, Elliott A, Goldberg RM, Grothey A, Shields AF, Battaglin F, El-Deiry WS, Philip PA, Marshall JL, Hall M, Korn WM, Lenz HJ, Wolf D, Feistritzer C, Spizzo G. Molecular characteristics of BRCA1/2 and PALB2 mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000942. [PMID: 33229504 PMCID: PMC7684832 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are successfully used for treatment of BRCA-mutated (mut) breast cancers and are under extensive evaluation for BRCA- and PALB2-mutated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the optimal treatment regimen for BRCA/PALB2-mutated PDCA has yet to be established. Moreover, limited data are available on the association of BRCA/PALB2 gene alterations with other comutations and immunological biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tumour samples of 2818 patients with PDAC were analysed for BRCA1/2 PALB2 mutations and other genes by next-generation sequencing (NGS) (MiSeq on 47 genes, NextSeq on 592 genes). TMB was calculated based on somatic non-synonymous missense mutations. MSI-H/dMMR was evaluated by NGS, and PD-L1 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In 4.2% (n=124) of all PDAC samples BRCA mutations have been detected. BRCA2 mutations were more commonly observed than BRCA1 mutations (3.1%(n=89) vs 1.1% [n=35], p<0.0001). BRCA2 mutation was associated with an older age (64 vs 61 years for wild-type (wt), p=0.002) and PALB2 mutation was observed more frequently in female than in male patients. BRCA and PALB2 mutations were associated with MSI-H/dMMR compared with wt (BRCA: 4.8% vs 1.2%, p=0.002; PALB2: 6.7% vs 1.3 %, p=0.18), PD-L1 expression of >1.0% (BRCA: 21.8% vs wt 11.2%, p<0.001, PALB2: 0.0% vs 12.4 %, p=0.38) and high TMB (BRCA: mean 8.7 vs 6.5 mut/MB, p<0.001; PALB2: 10.6 mut/Mb vs 6.6 mut/Mb, p=0.0007). Also, PD-L1 expression and TMB differed between BRCA and PALB2 mutation and wt samples in MSS tumours (p<0.05). BRCA-mutated and PALB2-mutated PDACs were characterised by a different mutational profile than was observed in wt tumours. CONCLUSIONS BRCA and PALB2 mutations were found in a significant subgroup of PDACs. These mutations were associated with a distinct molecular profile potentially predictive for response to immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Therefore, these data provide a rationale to evaluate PARP inhibitors in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with BRCA/PALB2-mutated PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai Zimmer
- Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Oncologia Medica 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Richard M Goldberg
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- University of Southern California - Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John L Marshall
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Hall
- Fox Chase Cancer Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- University of Southern California - Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Feistritzer
- Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Oncologic Day Hospital, Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy.
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Zimmer K, Puccini A, Xiu J, Baca Y, Spizzo G, Lenz HJ, Battaglin F, Goldberg RM, Grothey A, Shields AF, Salem ME, Marshall JL, Korn WM, Wolf D, Kocher F, Seeber A. WRN-Mutated Colorectal Cancer Is Characterized by a Distinct Genetic Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051319. [PMID: 32455893 PMCID: PMC7281075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome gene (WRN) contributes to DNA repair. In cancer, WRN mutations (WRN-mut) lead to genomic instability. Thus, WRN is a promising target in cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). We assessed this study to investigate the molecular profile of WRN-mut in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated based on somatic nonsynonymous missense mutations. Determination of tumor mismatch repair (MMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) status was conducted by fragment analysis. WRN-mut were detected in 80 of 6854 samples (1.2%). WRN-mut were more prevalent in right-sided compared to left-sided CRC (2.5% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.0001). TMB, PD-L1 and MSI-H/dMMR were significantly higher in WRN-mut than in WRN wild-type (WRN-wt). WRN-mut were associated with a higher TMB in the MSI-H/dMMR and in the MSS (microsatellite stable) subgroups. Several genetic differences between WRN-mut and WRN-wt CRC were observed, i.e., TP53 (47% vs. 71%), KRAS (34% vs. 49%) and APC (56% vs. 73%). This is the largest molecular profiling study investigating the genetic landscape of WRN-mut CRCs so far. A high prevalence of MSI-H/dMMR, higher TMB and PD-L1 in WRN-mut tumors were observed. Our data might serve as an additional selection tool for trials testing immune checkpoint antibodies in WRN-mut CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zimmer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.Z.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.P.); (H.-J.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; (J.X.); (Y.B.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Yasmine Baca
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; (J.X.); (Y.B.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.Z.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (F.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncologic Day Hospital, Bressanone Hospital (SABES-ASDAA), 39042 Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.P.); (H.-J.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.P.); (H.-J.L.); (F.B.)
| | | | | | - Anthony F. Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | | | - John L. Marshall
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - W. Michael Korn
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; (J.X.); (Y.B.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.Z.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.Z.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.Z.); (G.S.); (D.W.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-50504-23001
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Seeber A, Puccini A, Xiu J, Baca Y, Spizzo G, Zimmer K, Lenz H, Battaglin F, Goldberg R, Grothey A, Shields A, Salem M, Marshall J, Korn W, Wolf D, Kocher F. WRN mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a distinct molecular and immunological profile. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zimmer K, Kocher F, Spizzo G, Salem M, Gastl G, Seeber A. Treatment According to Molecular Profiling in Relapsed/Refractory Cancer Patients: A Review Focusing on Latest Profiling Studies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:447-453. [PMID: 31007870 PMCID: PMC6453774 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we aim to summarize studies investigating the impact of a molecular profiling (MP)-guided treatment approach in heavily pretreated cancer patients. In summary, many independent single- and multicenter studies showed a significant benefit of MP-guided treatment regarding response rates and survival. However, in the only randomized trial conducted so far, no benefit of MP-guided targeted therapy was observed. Notably, various profiling approaches were conducted in the respective studies: some studies used a single analytic approach (i.e. next-generation sequencing), others applied multiple analytic methods to perform comprehensive molecular profiling. It seems that multiplatform profiling analyses, detected an increased number of druggable molecular targets or signaling pathway alterations and that a higher proportion of patients was treated according to the molecular cancer profile. Even though no randomized study has shown a benefit of molecular profiling so far, many studies indicate that MP-guided treatment can be beneficial in patients with relapsed and/or refractory cancer. Currently ongoing large randomized trials (i.e. NCI-MATCH, TAPUR) will add evidence to the role of profiling-guided cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology
- Abl, Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1
- Bcr, Breakpoint cluster region
- CGH, Comparative genomic hybridization
- CISH, Chromogenic in-situ hybridization
- CR, Complete response
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FGFR, Fibroblast growth factor receptor
- FISH, Fluorescence in-situ hybridization
- HER2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HR, Hazard Ratio
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MP, Molecular profile
- MSI, Microsatellite Instability
- Metastatic cancer
- Molecular profiling
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NGS, Next generation sequencing
- ORR, Overall response rate
- OS, Overall Survival
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PFS, Progression-free survival
- PIK3CA, Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha
- PR, Partial Response
- PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog
- Personalized medicine
- Precision oncology
- R/R, Refractory/Relapsed
- RAF, Rapidly growing fibrosarcoma - protein
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- SD, Stable Disease
- TTF, Time to treatment failure
- WES, Whole-exome sequencing
- mTOR, Mammalian target of Rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zimmer
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kocher
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Spizzo
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, USA
| | - Guenther Gastl
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Schimmel K, Bock K, Grote-Levi L, Xiao K, Pfanne A, Just A, Samolovac S, Zimmer K, Remke J, Geffers R, Do Q, Braesen J, Batkai S, Fiedler J, Thum T. P2308Natural compound library screen identifies potent molecules with anti-fibrotic activity through modulation of noncoding RNAs. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Ammer S, Lambertz C, von Soosten D, Zimmer K, Meyer U, Dänicke S, Gauly M. Impact of diet composition and temperature-humidity index on water and dry matter intake of high-yielding dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:103-113. [PMID: 28295666 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The temperature-humidity index (THI) is widely used to characterize heat stress in dairy cattle. Diet composition is known to induce variation in metabolic-associated heat production. However, the relationships between THI and diet are poorly characterized with regard to performance and intake behaviour. Therefore, the objectives were to evaluate the impact of THI on water intake (WI), dry matter intake (DMI) and the frequency of drinking and feeding bouts in lactating dairy cows offered four dietary treatments: each contained 20% grass silage and additionally (i) 20% maize silage, 60% concentrate (M-HC); (ii) 60% maize silage, 20% concentrate (M-LC); (iii) 20% pressed beet pulp silage, 60% concentrate (BPS-HC); or (iv) 60% pressed beet pulp silage, 20% concentrate (BPS-LC) (DM basis). Individual WI and DMI were recorded from April to July 2013. Furthermore, dietary effects on milk production and reticular pH were estimated. Milk yield was lowest for M-LC, while energy-corrected milk was similar for all diets. Milk fat percentage was higher and milk protein amount lower for cows offered both LC diets. Reticular pH below 6.3, 6.0 and 5.8 lasted longest for BPS-LC. WI was higher for HC diets. However, the frequency of drinking bouts was not influenced by the ration. Lower DMI occurred for BPS-LC compared to M-LC. Frequency of feeding bouts was significantly higher for LC diets. THI was significantly related to WI, DMI as well as drinking and feeding bouts. Per increasing THI, WI increased slightly more for LC diets and DMI decreased more for HC diets. Frequency of drinking bouts increased slightly higher for BPS rations per rising THI, while the decrease in feeding bouts was highest for M-HC. In conclusion, TMR composition and moderate heat stress impacted WI and DMI of dairy cows, while both dietary energy density and ruminal filling might intensify the THI impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ammer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Lambertz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - D von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K Zimmer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Gauly
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Gonzalez M, Byorth P, Zimmer K. Garcin Syndrome in Pituitary Adenoma. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Lopez-Gonzalez M, Bland Z, Zimmer K. Surgical Management of Skull Base Breast Metastasis. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Lopez-Gonzalez M, Dolan E, Goulet C, Zimmer K. Role of Surgery in Brainstem Metastasis. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Reck C, Zimmer K, Dubber S, Zipser B, Schlehe B, Gawlik S. The influence of general anxiety and childbirth-specific anxiety on birth outcome. Arch Womens Ment Health 2013; 16:363-9. [PMID: 23558948 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-013-0344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined a German sample to determine whether anxiety symptoms during pregnancy had an impact on the duration and method of childbirth. Data of N = 88 women recruited at the Heidelberg University Hospital were used in the analyses. Prepartum anxiety symptoms were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, general anxiety) and the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ-R, pregnancy-specific anxiety). Obstetric outcome was taken from birth records and operationalized by two parameters: the total duration of birth (dilation and fetal expulsion) and the incidence of pregnancy or birth-related interventions (ventouse, planned, and unplanned Cesarean section). The data show that childbirth-specific anxiety assessed by the PRAQ-R is an important predictor of total birth duration. In contrast, general anxiety measured by the STAI had no effect. The incidence of birth intervention was explained by parity. Anxiety, however, had no predictive value. In addition to medical factors, childbirth-specific anxiety during pregnancy plays an important role in the process of childbirth. The findings of the present study point to the need of implementing psychological interventions to reduce childbirth-specific anxiety and thereby positively influencing birth outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reck
- General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,
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21
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Wang X, Ehrhardt M, Lorenz P, Scheit C, Ragnow S, Ni XW, Zimmer K. In-process measuring of the electrical shunt resistance of laser-scribed thin-film stacks by nested circular scribes. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:104704. [PMID: 24182141 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laser scribing of functional thin-film stacks attracts increasing attention especially for applications of flexible electronics or photovoltaics. Laser can perform selective removal of the thin-film stacks that is essential for the isolation and interconnection of the solar cells. The optimization of the laser scribing process concerning the functional properties of the device requires customized characterization techniques minimizing side effects. The proposed and demonstrated nested circular laser scribing technique allows the in-process measurement of the electrical characteristics, e.g., the shunt formation due to laser scribing of the thin-film stack, minimizing secondary effects originating from aging, contacting, changing of sample characteristics, or alterations of the measurement conditions. This technique enables the identification of reliable and quick information on the changes of the solar cell characteristics by laser scribing as this is demonstrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, 210094 Nanjing, China
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22
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Palm F, Henschke N, Wolf J, Zimmer K, Safer A, Schröder RJ, Inselmann G, Brenke C, Becher H, Grau AJ. Intracerebral haemorrhage in a population-based stroke registry (LuSSt): incidence, aetiology, functional outcome and mortality. J Neurol 2013; 260:2541-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Wolf J, Rohrer T, Liptay S, Zimmer K, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Marg W, Stern M, Kapellen T, Hauffa B, Wölfle J, Scheuing N, Holl R. Zöliakie als Risikofaktor für mikrovaskuläre Folgeerkrankungen bei Typ-1-Diabetes: Longitudinales Follow-up von 54488 Patienten aus Deutschland/Österreich im Rahmen der DPV-Initiative. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Höolig K, Blechschmidt M, Poppe-Thiede K, Kramer M, Zimmer K, Kroschinsky F, Bornhäuser M, Ehninger G. 26 Collection of peripheral blood stem cells in allogeneic donors via femoral venous lines - safe, successful and well-tolerated. Transfus Apher Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-0502(10)70012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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26
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Müller T, Bätza HJ, Beckert A, Bunzenthal C, Cox JH, Freuling CM, Fooks AR, Frost J, Geue L, Hoeflechner A, Marston D, Neubert A, Neubert L, Revilla-Fernández S, Vanek E, Vos A, Wodak E, Zimmer K, Mettenleiter TC. Analysis of vaccine-virus-associated rabies cases in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) after oral rabies vaccination campaigns in Germany and Austria. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1081-91. [PMID: 19521660 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To eradicate rabies in foxes, almost 97 million oral rabies vaccine baits have been distributed in Germany and Austria since 1983 and 1986, respectively. Since 2007, no terrestrial cases have been reported in either country. The most widely used oral rabies vaccine viruses in these countries were SAD (Street Alabama Dufferin) strains, e.g. SAD B19 (53.2%) and SAD P5/88 (44.5%). In this paper, we describe six possible vaccine-virus-associated rabies cases in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) detected during post-vaccination surveillance from 2001 to 2006, involving two different vaccines and different batches. Compared to prototypic vaccine strains, full-genome sequencing revealed between 1 and 5 single nucleotide alterations in the L gene in 5 of 6 SAD isolates, resulting in up to two amino acid substitutions. However, experimental infection of juvenile foxes showed that those mutations had no influence on pathogenicity. The cases described here, coming from geographically widely separated regions, do not represent a spatial cluster. More importantly, enhanced surveillance showed that the vaccine viruses involved did not become established in the red fox population. It seems that the number of reported vaccine virus-associated rabies cases is determined predominantly by the intensity of surveillance after the oral rabies vaccination campaign and not by the selection of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Wusterhausen, Germany.
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27
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Böhme R, Vass C, Hopp B, Zimmer K. Sub-wavelength ripples in fused silica after irradiation of the solid/liquid interface with ultrashort laser pulses. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:495301. [PMID: 21730665 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/49/495301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) is performed using ultrashort 248 nm laser pulses with a pulse duration of 600 fs to obtain sub-wavelength laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the back surface of fused silica which is in contact with a 0.5 mol l(-1) solution of pyrene in toluene. The LIPSS are strictly one-dimensional patterns, oriented parallel to the polarization of the laser radiation, and have a constant period of about 140 nm at all applied laser fluences (0.33-0.84 J cm(-2)) and pulse numbers (50-1000 pulses). The LIPSS amplitude varies due to the inhomogeneous fluence in the laser spot. The LIPSS are examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Their power spectral density (PSD) distribution is analysed at a measured area of 10 µm × 10 µm. The good agreement of the measured and calculated LIPSS periods strongly supports a mechanism based on the interference of surface-scattered and incident waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Böhme
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Kaufmann C, Brechbühl M, Oevermann A, Müller S, Zimmer K, Schönmann M, Leroux C, Weibel D, Bertoni G. [Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in a dairy sheep flock]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2008; 150:297-302. [PMID: 18605021 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.150.6.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a herd of dairy sheep several losses occurred due to a respiratory syndrome in combination with progressive wasting. Clinical and pathomorphological diagnostics of 3 sheep revealed the presence of cancerous masses in the nasal cavities. These neoplasms were identified as adenocarcinomas originating from the nasal mucosa. Etiologically, they were attributed to JRSV (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus) by detection of capsid protein 24 in western blot. The significance of the disease in Switzerland is discussed, also in the context of lung adenomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kaufmann
- Wiederkäuerklinik, Abteilung klinische Forschung der Universität Bern, Bern.
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Geidel C, Schüler D, Weber K, Stegemann J, Lindemann H, Zimmer K. Überprüfung des neuen Membran- Verneblers I-neb CF® zur optimierten inhalativen Tobramycin-Therapie. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Scheffer M, van Geest GJ, Zimmer K, Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Butler MG, Hanson MA, Declerck S, De Meester L. Small habitat size and isolation can promote species richness: second-order effects on biodiversity in shallow lakes and ponds. OIKOS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Habler O, Schwenzer K, Zimmer K, Prager M, König U, Oppenrieder K, Pape A, Steinkraus E, Reither A, Buchrot A, Zwissler B. Effects of standardized acute normovolemic hemodilution on intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:467-75. [PMID: 15183411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2003.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) to reduce allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in patients undergoing elective surgery with anticipated high intraoperative blood loss (BL). 124 patients (age 48 +/- 18 years, ASA classes I-III) underwent major maxillofacial surgery in a university hospital (68% tumor surgery, 32% dysgnathia correction). After induction of general anesthesia, ANH was performed by standardized withdrawal of 900 ml (2 units) of whole blood and simultaneous infusion of 500 ml of hydroxyethyl starch solution (6% HES 130,000/0.4) and 1500 ml of crystalloidal solution. Intraoperative BL was fluid-compensated until physiologic parameters indicated the need for RBC transfusion. First, autologous ANH-blood was retransfused followed by, if necessary, allogeneic RBC. Total BL was referred to the patient's calculated blood volume (BV): fractional blood volume loss, BL(fract) = BL/BV. ANH took 16 +/- 2 min and was void of any adverse event. The costs for ANH was 24 per patient. 55 patients had a mean BL(fract) of 44 +/- 28% and required an intraoperative transfusion; 49/55 patients with an average BL(fract) of 37 +/- 14% were transfused with only autologous ANH-blood; 6/55 patients with a mean BL(fract) of 100 +/- 47% underwent additional transfusion with allogeneic RBC. Standardized, 2 unit, ANH is a practicable, safe and economic blood conservation technique that allowed for the complete avoidance of allogeneic RBC transfusion in 89% of patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery that required an intraoperative RBC transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Habler
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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32
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Klawonn W, Cussler K, Dräger KG, Gyra H, Köhler H, Zimmer K, Hess RG. [The importance of allergic skin test with Johnin, antibody ELISA, cultural fecal test as well as vaccination for the sanitation of three chronically paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds in Rhineland-Palatinate]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2002; 109:510-6. [PMID: 12596564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Three chronically paratuberculosis infected herds were tested for six years twice a year (intradermal Johnin test, antibody ELISA (IDEXX Corp.), microbial culture) according to a sanitary program. Culling of shedding animals and vaccination of calves with NEOPARASEC (Merial Corp.) were part of the program. In course of experiment, 1015 samples of 228 non vaccinated cows and 1502 samples of 293 vaccinated cattle have been tested. 3.8% of the vaccinated animals proved positive in microbial culture. Nearly all vaccinated calves developed granulomas sized from hazelnut to loaf at the injection site. Positive reactions in intradermal test as well as in antibody ELISA were found in very young calves. 24.3%, 33.7%, 25.9%, respectively of the non vaccinated animals were identified as shedders of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by microbial culture. In the first and in the second herd most shedders of MAP were found in the first herd examination (66.7%, 42.9%, respectively), whereas in the third herd they were detected in the fifth examination (31.0%). At the beginning, 17.9% of non vaccinated animals proved positive in intradermal test, 14.4% in antibody ELISA. Afterwards, the number of positive test results decreased but increased again towards the end of the experiment. 48.5% of the 66 shedders showed positive reactions in intradermal test, 57.6% in antibody ELISA, 77.3% in at least one of these both tests. Antibodies in ELISA were found in rising frequency from two years before the time of shedding. 50.0% of the shedders reacted positive in ELISA at the time of shedding. In selected shedders first positive results were found at the age of about two years. Unfortunately, only incomplete hygienic measures were realized by the farmers. Under field conditions the realisation of attending sanitary programs is difficult. MAP is spread mainly by buying of animals, therefore a certification program for paratuberculosis free herds is urgently necessary as well as an improvement of diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Klawonn
- Landesuntersuchungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Fachbereich Tiermedizin, Koblenz.
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Gitti R, Wild C, Tsiao C, Zimmer K, Glass TE, Dorn HC. Solid/liquid intermolecular transfer of dynamic nuclear polarization. Enhanced flowing fluid proton NMR signals via immobilized spin labels. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00215a047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Köhler H, Gyra H, Zimmer K, Dräger KG, Burkert B, Lemser B, Hausleithner D, Cubler K, Klawonn W, Hess RG. Immune reactions in cattle after immunization with a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine and implications for the diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis and M. bovis infections. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2001; 48:185-95. [PMID: 11393814 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
After immunization of four calves with a live modified Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine the course of the humoral and cell mediated immune reactions was studied during a 2-year clinical investigation. Furthermore, the possibility of shedding of the vaccine strain and the influence of the vaccination on the tuberculin skin test was determined. In addition to standard procedures recently developed diagnostic methods (antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interferon-gamma test, polymerase chain reaction) were used. A cell-mediated immune reaction, reflected in an increased, specifically induced, interferon-gamma production developed much earlier (1-2 weeks post-immunization) than humoral immunity (8-16 weeks post-gamma immunization). While the increase in antibody titres was transient, declining to extremely low levels 48-60 weeks post-immunization, cell-mediated immunity remained detectable until the end of the investigation. Spread of the vaccine strain into the body and shedding were never detected during the whole course of the study except for one colon site in one calf. As late as 2 years after vaccine application positive or doubtful skin reactions against M. bovis purified protein derivative were measured, reflecting possible interference of the immunization with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. At the end of the investigation, a positive cell-mediated immune reaction was detected the control animal although clinical, pathological and bacteriological examinations gave no indication for a mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Köhler
- Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin, Fachbereich 4, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
In environmental noise surveys, self-reported noise sensitivity, a stable personality trait covering attitudes toward a wide range of environmental sounds, is a major predictor of individual noise-annoyance reactions. Its relationship to basic measures of auditory functioning, however, has not been systematically explored. Therefore, in the present investigation, a sample of 61 unselected listeners was subjected to a battery of psychoacoustic procedures ranging from threshold determinations to loudness scaling tasks. No significant differences in absolute thresholds, intensity discrimination, simple auditory reaction time, or power-function exponents for loudness emerged, when the sample was split along the median into two groups of "low" vs "high" noise sensitivity on the basis of scores obtained from a psychometrically evaluated questionnaire [Zimmer and Ellermeier, Diagnostica 44, 11-20 (1998)]. Small, but systematic differences were found in verbal loudness estimates, and in ratings of the unpleasantness of natural sounds, thus suggesting that self-reported noise sensitivity captures evaluative rather than sensory aspects of auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ellermeier
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Regensburg, Germany.
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Vaghadia H, Chan V, Ganapathy S, Lui A, McKenna J, Zimmer K. A multicentre trial of ropivacaine 7.5 mg x ml(-1) vs bupivacaine 5 mg x ml(-1) for supra clavicular brachial plexus anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1999; 46:946-51. [PMID: 10522581 DOI: 10.1007/bf03013129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of ropivacaine 7.5 mg x ml(-1) with bupivacaine 5.0 mg x ml(-1) for subclavian perivascular brachial plexus block. METHODS After informed consent, 104 ASA I-III adults participated in a randomized, double-blind, multi-center trial to receive 30 ml of either ropivacaine 7.5 mg x ml(-1) or bupivacaine 5.0 mg x ml(-1) for subclavian perivascular brachial plexus block prior to upper limb surgery. Onset and duration of sensory and motor block in the distribution of the axillary, median, musculo-cutaneous, radial and ulnar nerves were assessed. RESULTS Onset times and duration of sensory and motor block were similar between groups. Mean duration of analgesia for the five nerves was between 11.3 and 14.3 hr with ropivacaine and between 10.3 and 17.1 hr with bupivacaine. Quality of muscle relaxation judged as excellent by the investigators was not significantly different (ropivacaine - 35/49, bupivacaine - 30/49). The median time to first request for analgesia was comparable between the two groups (11-12 hr). One patient developed a grand mal seizure shortly after receiving bupivacaine and recovered consciousness within 30 min. There were no serious adverse events in the ropivacaine group. CONCLUSIONS Thirty ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg x ml(-1) (225 mg) produced effective and well tolerated brachial plexus block of long duration by the subclavian perivascular route. In this study, the results were similar to those of 30 ml bupivacaine 5.0 mg x ml(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vaghadia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver General Hospital, BC, Canada.
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Schares G, Rauser M, Zimmer K, Peters M, Wurm R, Dubey JP, de Graaf DC, Edelhofer R, Mertens C, Hess G, Conraths FJ. Serological differences in Neospora caninum-associated epidemic and endemic abortions. J Parasitol 1999; 85:688-94. [PMID: 10461950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the sensitive and specific detection of bovine antibodies to Neospora caninum was developed and evaluated using sera from cattle experimentally infected with N. caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis hominis, Sarcocystis hirsuta, Eimeria bovis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Babesia divergens, and field sera from naturally exposed animals. Field sera were classified using a gold standard that included the results from an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and an immunoblot (IB). Based on these gold standard results, i.e., IFAT-IB results, an equal relative sensitivity and specificity of 94.2%(theta0) was reached when a cutoff of 0.034 (d0) was employed. The analysis of IFAT-IB-positive field sera showed that within groups of aborting and nonaborting dams, the animals from herds with endemic N. caninum-associated abortions had significantly higher ELISA indices than animals from herds with N. caninum-associated epidemic abortions. By contrast, IFAT-IB-positive aborting dams from herds with endemic N. caninum-associated abortions had significantly lower IFAT titers than IFAT-IB-positive aborting dams from herds with epidemic N. caninum-associated abortions. This is the first time that statistically significant serological differences between herds exhibiting epidemic and endemic N. caninum-associated abortions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schares
- Institute for Epidemiological Diagnostics, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Wusterhausen, Germany
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Zimmer K, Dräger KG, Klawonn W, Hess RG. Contribution to the diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle. Comparative studies on the validity of Ziehl-Neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available DNA-Probe test in detecting Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in faeces from cattle. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1999; 46:137-40. [PMID: 10216457 DOI: 10.1111/j.0931-1793.1999.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 132 selected faecal samples from clinically affected and subclinically infected cattle from dairy herds known to be affected by Johne's disease were investigated for the presence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available DNA-Probe test. The sensitivity was 36.4% for Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 85.6% for faecal culture and 47.7% for the DNA-Probe test. Proving the presence of acid-fast bacteria in 49.3% of the samples from clinically affected cattle and 19.3% of those from subclinically infected cattle, Ziehl-Neelsen staining had the lowest detection rate of the three tests under investigation. Faecal culture showed the highest detection rate of M. paratuberculosis in samples from both clinically affected (84.0%) and subclinically infected (87.7%) animals. The DNA-Probe test showed a positive result in 68.0% of the samples from clinically affected cattle and 21.1% of those from subclinically infected cattle. Ziehl-Neelsen staining proved unreliable in diagnosing Johne's disease. Faecal culture was the most sensitive method for detecting M. paratuberculosis both in clinically affected and subclinically infected cattle. The sensitivity of a commercially available DNA-Probe test has to be enhanced to enable a quick and reliable diagnosis of Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zimmer
- Landesveterinäruntersuchungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz, Germany
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Hurtado C, Bradley J, Burns AR, Bradley J, Karkouti K, Hurtado C, Burns AR, Bradley J, Anderson R, Abrahamson SD, Mazer CD, Hung OR, Comeau L, Fisher JA, Tessler J, Rucker J, Mathicu A, Murray-Foster S, Tz-Chong C, Chi-Yuan L, Tsuda T, Tabuchi A, Sasano H, Kiriyama M, Okada A, Hayano J, Takeuchi A, Katsuya H, Tousignant CP, Mazer CD, Tousignant CP, Mazer CD, Ling E, Arellano R, Dowd N, Karski J, Cheng D, Carroll-Munro J, Rose DK, Mazer CO, Cohen MM, Wigglesworth D, McKay WPS, Teskey RJ, Militzer J, Kember G, Blanchet T, Gregson PH, Howells SR, Robblee JA, Breen TW, Dierenfield L, McNeil T, Breen TW, McNeil T, Dierenfield L, Nicholson DJ, Kowalski SE, Hamilton GA, Meyers MP, Serrette C, Duke PC, Custeau I, Martin R, Larabée S, Pirlet M, Pilote M, Tetrault JP, Tsui BCH, Gupta S, Finucane B, Weisbrod MJ, Chan VWS, Kaszas Z, Dragomir C, Cohen MR, Gandhi M, Clanachan AS, Finegan BA, Isaac L, Splinter WM, Hall LA, Gould HM, Rhine EJ, Bergeron L, Girard M, Drolet P, Truong HHL, Boucher C, Vézina D, Lessard MR, Gourdeau M, Trépanier CA, Yang T, Breen TW, Macarthur A, Chouinard P, Fugère F, Ruel M, Tarkkila P, Silvasti M, Tuominen M, Svartling N, Rosenberg PH, Bond DM, Rudan JF, Adams MA, Tsang BK, Keahey W, Gagliese L, Jackson M, Ritvo P, Wowk A, Sandler AN, Katz J, Laffey JG, Boylan JF, Badner NH, Komar WE, Bond DM, Cherry RA, Spadafora SM, Butler RJ, McHardy F, Fortier J, Chung F, Marshall S, Krishnathas A, Wong J, Chung F, Ritchie E, McHardy F, Marshall S, Fortier J, Meikle A, Avery N, van Vlymen J, Parlow JL, Sinclair D, Chung F, Mezei G, Jin F, Chung F, Norris A, Ganeshram T, MacLeod BA, Azmudéh A, Franciosi LG, Ries CR, Schwarz SKW, McKay WPS, Gregson PH, McKay BWS, Blanchet T, Meuret P, Bonhomme V, Plourde G, Fiset P, Backman SB, Vesely A, Takeuchi A, Sommer L, Rucker J, Greenwald J, Lavine E, Iscoe S, Volgyesi G, Fedorko L, Fisher J, Lobato EB, Sulek CA, Davies LK, Gearen PF, Bellemare F, Donati F, Couture J, Joo HS, Rose DK, Kapoor S, Shayan S, Karkouti K, LeDez KM, Au J, Tucker JH, Redmond EB, Gadag V, Penney C, Hare GMT, Lee TDG, Hirsch GM, Yang F, Troncy E, Blaise G, Naito Y, Arisawa S, Ide M, Nakano S, Yamazaki K, Kawamura T, Nara N, Wakusawa R, Inada K, Hudson RJ, Singh K, Harding GA, Henderson BT, Thomson IR, Harding GA, Hudson RJ, Thomson IR, Thomson IR, Singh K, Hudson RJ, Wherrett CG, Miller DR, Giachino AA, Turek MA, Rody K, Vaghadia H, Chan V, Ganapathy S, Lui A, McKenna J, Zimmer K, Schwarz SKW, MacLeod BA, Ries CR, Franciosi LG, Regan WD, Davidson RG, Nevin K, Escobedo S, Mitmaker E, Tessler MJ, Kardash K, Kleiman SJ, Rossignol M, Kahn L, Baxter F, Dauphin A, Goldsmith C, Jackson P, McChesney J, Miller J, Takeuchi L, Young E, Klubien K, Bandi E, Carli F, Dattilo K, Tong D, Bhandari M, Carli F, Klubien K, Mazza L, Wykes L, Sommer LZ, Rucker J, Veseley A, Levene E, Greenwald Y, Volgyesi G, Fedorko L, Iscoe S, Fisher JA, Tian GF, Baker AJ, Reinders FX, Baker AJ, Moulton RJ, Brown JIM, Schlichter L, Troncy E, Van Tulder L, Carignan S, Prénovault J, Collet JP, Shapiro S, Guimond JG, Blait L, Ducruet T, Francœur M, Charbonneau M, Cousineau G, Blaise G, Wong DR, McCall M, Walsh F, Kurian R, Keith M, Sole MJ, Jeejeebhoy KN, Mazer CD, Whitten E, Norman PH, Aucar JA, Coveler LA, Solgonick RM, Bastien Y, Mazer B, Lihara K, Orser BA, Tymianski M, Finucane BT, Zaman N, Kashkari I, Tawfik S, Tarn YK, Slinger PD, McRae K, Winton T, Sandier AN, Zamora JE, Salpeter MJ, Bai D, MacDonald JF, Orser BA, Mayson K, Gofton E, Chambers K, Belo SE, Kay JC, Mazer CD, Hall SRR, Wang L, Milne B, Loomis C, Tsang BK, He Z, Wougchanapai W, Ho IK, Eichhorn JH, Tsang BK, Ma T, Wongchanapai W, He Z, Ho IK, Eicnhorn JH, Tsang BK, Wongchanapai W, He Z, Ho IK, Eichhorn JH, Murphy DB, Murphy MB, Bonhomme V, Meuret P, Backman SB, Plourde G, Fiset P, Stein RD, Backman SB, Collier B, Polosa C, Li CY, Chou TC, Wang JY, Fuller J, Butler R, Spadafora S, Donen N, Brownell L, Donen N, Brownell L, Shysh S, Carter K, Eagle C, Devito I, Halpern S, Devitt JH, Yee DA, deLacy JL, Oxorn DC, Morris GF, Yip RW, Gregoret-Quinn MG, Seal RF, Smith LJ, Jones AB, Tang C, Clanachan AS, Gallant BJ, Nadwidny LA, Goresky GV, Cowtan T, Bridge HS, Montgomery CJ, Kennedy RA, Merrick PM, Yamashita M, Wada K, LeMay S, Hardy JF, Morgan P, Halpern S, Evers J, Ronaldson P, Rose DK, Dexter F, Cohen MM, Wigglesworth D, Writer D, Muir H, Shukla R, Nunn R, Scovil J, Pridham J, Rosaeg O, Sandier A, Morley-Foster P, Lucy S, Crone LA, Zimmer K, Wilson DJ, Heid R, Douglas MJ, Rurak DW, Fabrizi A, Crochetière CT, Roy L, Villeneuve E, Lortie L, Katsiris S, Leighton B, Halpern S, Wilson D, Kronberg J, Swica L, Midgley J, Nunn R, Muir H, Shukla R, Smith B, Rooney ME, Campbell DC, Riben CM, Crone LA, Yip RW, Halpern S, Halpern S, MacDonell J, Levine T, Wilson D. Abstracts. Can J Anaesth 1998. [PMCID: PMC7103902 DOI: 10.1007/bf03019217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Individual differences in objective effects of noise on performance were analyzed with respect to their distribution, temporal stability, and the precision of measurement to be attained. Seventy-two subjects had to memorize sequences of visually presented digits while being exposed to one of three auditory background conditions which were randomly mixed on a trial-by-trial basis: (1) foreign speech; (2) pink noise; and (3) silence. Individual "irrelevant speech effects," operationalized by the difference in recall errors under speech and in silence, were normally distributed over a wide range extending from slight facilitation to severe disruption. When 25 subjects repeated the experiment after four weeks, the individual differences were replicated with a reliability of rtt = 0.45. Internal consistency, a measure of the precision with which individual effects can be measured in a single session, was moderate (alpha = 0.55). However, both retest, and consistency coefficients are severely attenuated by the use of (sound-minus-silence) difference scores, the reliability of which is bound to be considerably lower than that of the original error scores whenever these are correlated. Given that the original error rates in a specific auditory condition can be determined with reliabilities approaching 0.85, it may be concluded that individual performance decrements due to noise can be reliably measured in the "irrelevant speech" paradigm. Self-report measures of noise susceptibility collected to explore potential sources of the large inter-individual variation exhibited only weak relationships with the objectively measured noise effects: Subjects were quite inaccurate in assessing their individual impairment in the three auditory conditions, and a questionnaire-based measure of general noise sensitivity only accounted for a small portion of the variance in objectively measured performance decrements, although in both cases the predictive relationship was much stronger in female than in male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ellermeier
- Institut für Psychologie der Universität Regensburg, Germany.
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Lantzsch J, Bushaw BA, Bystrow VA, Herrmann G, Kluge HJ, Niess S, Otten EW, Passler G, Schwalbach R, Schwarz M, Stenner J, Trautmann N, Wendt K, Yushkevich YV, Zimmer K. Trace determination of 90Sr and 89Sr in environmental samples by collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.47620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bushaw BA, Kluge HJ, Lantzsch J, Schwalbach R, Stenner J, Stevens H, Wendt K, Zimmer K. Hyperfine structure in 5s 4d 3 D ?5snf transitions of87Sr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01437259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zimmer K, Wiegand D, Manz D, Frost JW, Reinacher M, Frese K. Evaluation of five different methods for routine diagnosis of rabies. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1990; 37:392-400. [PMID: 2204250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1990.tb01074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain tissue from 187 animals of different species was investigated by means of fluorescent antibody test, peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique, mouse inoculation test and cell culture technique for a diagnosis of rabies. With peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique the rabies specific reaction comprised inclusion bodies and a granular staining of the cytoplasm of affected cells. A specific positive reaction was found only in neurons, in which perikaryon as well as cell processes were affected. Fluorescent antibody test and peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique detected 98% each, mouse inoculation test 95% and cell culture technique 81% of the rabies positive animals. In conclusion, peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique allows a highly reliable diagnosis of rabies when only formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material is available. Histopathological alterations comprising Negri bodies, inflammatory and degenerative lesions were encountered in 53% of the rabies positive brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zimmer
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
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Hagendorff A, Zimmer K, Grote J. A new model for long-term investigations of cerebral oxygen supply in rats. Adv Exp Med Biol 1990; 277:145-50. [PMID: 2096621 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hagendorff
- Department of Physiology I, University of Bonn, FRG
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Grote J, Siegel G, Zimmer K, Adler A. The interaction between oxygen and vascular wall. Adv Exp Med Biol 1989; 248:575-81. [PMID: 2782175 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5643-1_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In vascular strips of canine carotid arteries stepwise lowering of oxygen tension from hyperoxic levels of 550 mmHg to 20 mmHg caused in preparations with endothelium a dose-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation of smooth muscle cells when oxygen tensions between approximately 150 mmHg and 35 mmHg were attained. Pronounced hypoxia with oxygen tensions below 30 mmHg induced a depolarisation and an increase in force generation. During comparable investigations on vessel preparations without endothelium only a slight hyperpolarization and relaxation of the smooth muscle were observed when decreasing the oxygen tension from 550 mmHg to approx. 35 mmHg. In the presence of indomethacin (10(-5) M) a small but significant reduction in the hypoxia-induced hyperpolarization and decrease in smooth muscle tone was found in intact vascular strips with endothelium. Depolarisation and contraction occurred at oxygen tensions below approx. 50-60 mmHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grote
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Demand oxygen systems have been shown to be effective in treating hypoxemia during seated rest and during exercise, but the performance of these systems during sleep has not been previously studied. We compared the efficacy of a new demand oxygen saver system with that of continuous flow nasal oxygen during the usual activities of daily life including sleep, seated rest, and exercise. Six hypoxemic patients were studied. All six had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, though one patient had kyphoscoliosis with mixed obstructive and restrictive lung disease. Patients were studied during each activity of daily life while receiving supplemental oxygen by continuous flow nasal cannula at 2 liters per minute and during use of the demand oxygen saver system. The demand oxygen system produced arterial oxygenation equivalent to continuous flow nasal cannula under all conditions while utilizing substantially less oxygen. When compared with administration of oxygen by continuous flow nasal cannula, the demand oxygen saver cannula utilized only 45 percent as much oxygen during seated rest, 44 percent as much oxygen during exercise, and 39 percent as much oxygen during sleep. Our data support the use of demand oxygen systems for treatment of hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
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Grote J, Siegel G, Zimmer K, Adler A. The influence of oxygen tension on membrane potential and tone of canine carotid artery smooth muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol 1988; 222:481-7. [PMID: 3364274 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9510-6_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In vascular smooth muscle of canine carotid artery segments the decrease in oxygen tension from approximately 550 mmHg to approximately 30 mmHg leads to a dose-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation of the vessel strip. At PO2 values below approximately 15-20 mmHg depolarization and subsequent contraction were found. All changes of the parameters investigated were reversible. Indomethacin (10(-5) M) had no significant effect on the hypoxia-dependent potential and tension changes. The hyperpolarized part of the activation curve was obtained by plotting tension versus membrane potential values.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grote
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Germany
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Danzer K, Flórián K, Singer R, Mäurer F, El-Nady ABM, Zimmer K. Investigation of the origin of archaeological glass artefacts by means of pattern recognition. Anal Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)85347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kusser W, Zimmer K, Fiedler F. Characteristics of the binding of aminoglycoside antibiotics to teichoic acids. A potential model system for interaction of aminoglycosides with polyanions. Dev Dyn 1985; 243:117-31. [PMID: 2411558 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of the aminoglycoside antibiotic dihydrostreptomycin to defined cell-wall teichoic acids and to lipoteichoic acid isolated from various gram-positive eubacteria was followed by equilibrium dialysis. Dihydrostreptomycin was used at a wide range of concentration under different conditions of ionic strength, concentration of teichoic acid, presence of cationic molecules like Mg2+, spermidine, other aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, neomycin, paromomycin). Interaction of dihydrostreptomycin with teichoic acid was found to be a cooperative binding process. The binding characteristics seem to be dependent on structural features of teichoic acid and are influenced by cationic molecules. Mg2+, spermidine and other aminoglycosides antibiotics inhibit the binding of dihydrostreptomycin to teichoic acid competitively. The binding of aminoglycosides to teichoic acids is considered as a model system for the interaction of aminoglycoside antibiotics with cellular polyanions. Conclusions of physiological significance are drawn.
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