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Kurosaka H, Yamamoto S, Hirasawa K, Yanagishita T, Fujioka K, Yagasaki H, Nagata M, Ishihara Y, Yonei A, Asano Y, Nagata N, Tsujimoto T, Inubushi T, Yamamoto T, Sakai N, Yamashiro T. Craniofacial and dental characteristics of three Japanese individuals with genetically diagnosed SATB2-associated syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023. [PMID: 37141439 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial defects are one of the most frequent phenotypes in syndromic diseases. More than 30% of syndromic diseases are associated with craniofacial defects, which are important for the precise diagnosis of systemic diseases. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2)-associated syndrome (SAS) is a rare syndromic disease associated with a wide variety of phenotypes, including intellectual disability and craniofacial defects. Among them, dental anomalies are the most frequently observed phenotype and thus becomes an important diagnostic criterion for SAS. In this report, we demonstrate three Japanese cases of genetically diagnosed SAS with detailed craniofacial phenotypes. The cases showed multiple dental problems, which have been previously reported to be linked to SAS, including abnormal crown morphologies and pulp stones. One case showed a characteristic enamel pearl at the root furcation. These phenotypes add new insights for differentiating SAS from other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hirasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yanagishita
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Miho Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yonei
- Department of Genetic Counseling Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Namiki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Genetic Counseling Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Health Science, Child Healthcare and Genetic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
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Hayashi K, Tanaka Y, Tsuda T, Nomura A, Fujino N, Furusho H, Sakai N, Iwata Y, Usui S, Sakata K, Kato T, Tada H, Kusayama T, Usuda K, Kawashiri MA, Passman RS, Wada T, Yamagishi M, Takamura M, Fujino N, Nohara A, Kawashiri MA, Hayashi K, Sakata K, Yoshimuta T, Konno T, Funada A, Tada H, Nakanishi C, Hodatsu A, Mori M, Tsuda T, Teramoto R, Nagata Y, Nomura A, Shimojima M, Yoshida S, Yoshida T, Hachiya S, Tamura Y, Kashihara Y, Kobayashi T, Shibayama J, Inaba S, Matsubara T, Yasuda T, Miwa K, Inoue M, Fujita T, Yakuta Y, Aburao T, Matsui T, Higashi K, Koga T, Hikishima K, Namura M, Horita Y, Ikeda M, Terai H, Gamou T, Tama N, Kimura R, Tsujimoto D, Nakahashi T, Ueda K, Ino H, Higashikata T, Kaneda T, Takata M, Yamamoto R, Yoshikawa T, Ohira M, Suematsu T, Tagawa S, Inoue T, Okada H, Kita Y, Fujita C, Ukawa N, Inoguchi Y, Ito Y, Araki T, Oe K, Minamoto M, Yokawa J, Tanaka Y, Mori K, Taguchi T, Kaku B, Katsuda S, Hirase H, Haraki T, Fujioka K, Terada K, Ichise T, Maekawa N, Higashi M, Okeie K, Kiyama M, Ota M, Todo Y, Aoyama T, Yamaguchi M, Noji Y, Mabuchi T, Yagi M, Niwa S, Takashima Y, Murai K, Nishikawa T, Mizuno S, Ohsato K, Misawa K, Kokado H, Michishita I, Iwaki T, Nozue T, Katoh H, Nakashima K, Ito S, Yamagishi M. Correction: Characterization of baseline clinical factors associated with incident worsening kidney function in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: the Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:412. [PMID: 36508013 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-022-02218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Center for Arrhythmia Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Toyonobu Tsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furusho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1, Kuratsuki-higashi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keisuke Usuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Rod S Passman
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Osaka University of Human Sciences, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Watanabe Y, Sano F, Fukao T, Shimizu T, Sawanobori E, Kobayashi A, Fujioka K, Yagasaki H, Inukai T, Kaga Y. Arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging in an infant with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case report. Brain Dev 2022; 44:405-409. [PMID: 35346541 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis characterized by complex neuropsychiatric syndromes and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies against NMDAR. The characteristics of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children, particularly infants, are unclear due to difficulties in neurologic assessment such as psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, subtle or non-specific findings of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make early diagnosis even more difficult. Herein, we present the first case of infant anti-NMDAR encephalitis in which perfusion imaging demonstrated marked abnormalities and the absence of conventional MRI findings. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was an 11-month-old boy who was admitted because of seizure and prolonged fever. He presented with involuntary movements of the mouth and tongue. Brain MRI showed no morphological abnormalities, but three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging showed reduced blood flow in the left temporal and frontal regions and the right cerebellum. After that, a positive anti-NMDAR antibody test result was received. Despite treatment with IVIG and methylprednisolone, the involuntary movements and autonomic dysfunction gradually became more prominent. After rituximab administration, the clinical symptoms improved slightly, and follow-up MRI revealed diffuse brain atrophy and improvement in the balance of brain perfusion. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of infantile anti-NMDAR encephalitis in which cerebral blood flow was evaluated using three-dimensional ASL perfusion imaging. Indeed, our case, which showed abnormalities only in ASL perfusion imaging, suggests that CBF assessment could aid in the early diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Toshimichi Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Emi Sawanobori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Fujioka K, Okubo F, Yokomori T. $$\mathcal {L}$$-reduction computation revisited. ACTA INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00236-022-00418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ishizuka T, Fujioka K, Tangiku M, Inui S, Tani H, Miwa A, Ikeda T, Taguchi K, Morita H, Toma T, Yachie A. AB0988 CLINICAL FEATURES AND ANALYSIS OF MEFV GENE IN 31 PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER (FMF). Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:FMF is recessive systemic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis and arthritis accompanied with headache and abdominal pain. Mutation of MEFV gene encoding pyrin resulted in inflammasome activation and the uncontrolled production of IL-1β. Overview of pathogenesis, clinical features and management in Japanese patients with FMF had been reported. However, the differences of clinical features between mutated and non-mutated of MEFV still remain unclear.Objectives:We have analyzed 31 Japanese patients with FMF in Gifu district to clarify the association between various clinical features and mutation ofMEFV.Methods:Genomic DNA were purified from white blood cells in 31 FMF patients, and mutated MEFV has been explored. We have analyzedMEFV, TNFRSF1A, MVK and NLRP3 genesin 31 patients with FMF except for 1 patient. Therefore, we excluded another autoinflammatory diseases such as TNF receptor-associated syndrome (TRAPS), mevalonate kinase deficiency and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data were analyzed around onset time. Each patient had been treated with colchicine (0.5-2 mg).Results:Characteristics of Patients with FMF (22 female/9 male) were as follows; Onset time were 0-56 years-old (21.4 ±11.8), and Frequencies of clinical symptoms such as periodic fever, headache, abdominal pain, arthralgia, chest pain, cervical lymph nodes swelling, and myalgia were 31/31, 9/31, 8/31, 6/31, 5/31, 3/31 and 1/31, respectively (double symptoms were observed). Patients with FMF were divided into 3 groups as follows; Patients with typical compound heterozygous mutations of MEFV (E148Q /M694I) which indicated exon 10 mutation, were 5 cases (G1). Patients with atypical mutations, except for exon 10, such as 133G>A in 3UTR, exon 1 (E84K), 2 (L110P, E148Q), 3(R202Q, P257L, G304R, P369S, R408Q), 5(S503C) and 9(I591M) were 13 cases (G2). Patients with no mutations in MEFV gene were 12 cases (G3). There were no significant differences of age at first visiting hospital (FV)and onset age of fever attack (O) (FV: 29.0 ± 15.6, 27.1 ± 12.5 years-old (yo) and 34.7 ± 12.7 yo, O: 21.0 ± 17.6 yo, 17.8 ± 12.1 yo and 25.2 ± 6.5). But significant differences in duration of fever attack (D) and frequency of fever attack (FF) between G1 and G2 or G3 were observed as follows; (D: 2.2 ± 0.4 days vs 5.5 ± 3.1 days, P<0.05, and 3.8 ± 1.7 days), FF: 0.72 ± 0.3/month (M), 1.24 ± 1.1/M, and 1.5 ± 0.7/M vs group1, P<0.05), respectively. Laboratory examinations such as WBC, CRP and serum amyloid A (SAA)at fever attack were not significantly different between 3 groups. All of those patients were effective for colchicine treatment except for 2 patients in group 1 because of loss of hair, severe diarrhea and liver dysfunction due to side effects of colchicine. Finally, 4 patients in G1and G2 received canakinumab treatment. Patients withMEFVmutations have no family histories. Mutations of E148Q were found in 12 patients (40%).Conclusion:We have examined association between clinical features and mutations of MEFV in 31 patients in Gifu district, suggesting that duration of fever attacks and frequency of fever attacks in G1 are significantly shorter than G2 and G3, respectively in Japanese patients with FMF. Mutations of E148Q in exon 2 were observed in 16-23 % of normal Japanese patients, indicating that E148Q is the polymorphism or accelerating factor.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Fujioka K, Kanemura H, Tando T, Aihara M. A Case of Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome with White Matter Abnormalities and Hypernasal Speech: Importance of Extracardiac Symptoms for Earlier Diagnosis. J Pediatr Neurol 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1672159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is one of the most common genetic syndromes. The varying presentation and severity of this syndrome result in diagnostic delays, especially in patients without cardiac malformation or characteristic features. We report a noncardiac case of 22q11.2DS with white matter abnormalities and velopharyngeal insufficiency. The recognition of white matter abnormalities as a feature of 22q11.2DS contributed to early diagnosis. Diagnostic delay could lead to inappropriate management and unfavorable outcomes. Increased awareness of the various minor features of 22q11.2DS may enable clinicians to diagnose this syndrome earlier and provide appropriate medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamanashi Kosei Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tando
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masao Aihara
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Fujioka K, Perdomo C, Malhotra M. Effect of lorcaserin on weight reduction in persons with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): a combined subgroup analysis from three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:238-245. [PMID: 31275597 PMCID: PMC6587310 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate weight loss with lorcaserin in persons with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS This retrospective analysis evaluated weight loss of lorcaserin (10 mg twice daily) versus placebo in persons with obesity or overweight persons with OSA from a pooled database of three randomized, controlled trials. Primary end points were reductions in the baseline body weight of ≥5% and ≥10% at year 1 and overall weight change at year 1. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 336 persons with OSA were identified in the overall pooled population (N = 6,636). At year 1, more patients receiving lorcaserin lost ≥5% (47.2% lorcaserin vs. 25.6% placebo; p < 0.0001) and 10% (22.2% lorcaserin vs. 13.1% placebo; p < 0.0354) of their baseline body weight. Weight loss at year 1 was 6.4 kg versus 3.5 kg in the lorcaserin and placebo groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Similar results were observed for change in blood pressure and heart rate, with responders having larger benefits. Weight loss was similar between persons with and without OSA. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective analysis, persons with OSA showed significant and meaningful weight loss, blood pressure and heart rate reductions in patients treated with lorcaserin versus placebo. Persons with OSA lost just as much weight as those without OSA. Health care providers can expect persons with OSA to lose weight by diet, exercise and the weight loss medication lorcaserin comparable with persons without OSA. Further prospective research is warranted to evaluate impact of weight loss on OSA and overall outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Fujioka
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyScripps ClinicSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - C. Perdomo
- Neurology Business GroupEisai Inc.Woodcliff LakeNJUSA
| | - M. Malhotra
- Neurology Business GroupEisai Inc.Woodcliff LakeNJUSA
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Fujioka K, Malhotra M, Perdomo C, Apovian CM. Effect of lorcaserin in different age groups: a post hoc analysis of patients from the BLOOM, BLOSSOM and BLOOM-DM studies. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:120-129. [PMID: 31019729 PMCID: PMC6469334 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The elderly population is projected to be the fastest growing group of individuals with obesity group in the United States. As such, there is merit in examining factors that contribute to healthy aging and weight management. The effects of newer weight loss medications approved after 2013 have been studied but are not often assessed specifically in older persons. METHODS This post hoc analysis evaluated the magnitude of weight loss in adults across age quartiles with lorcaserin, a serotonin (5-HT) 2C receptor agonist indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-caloric diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management. Data from three lorcaserin pivotal phase 3 studies were used in this analysis. Data for patients with overweight/obesity without type 2 diabetes (T2D; BLOOM/BLOSSOM; body mass index [BMI] 27.0-29.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 comorbidity or BMI 30.0-45.0 kg/m2) and patients with overweight/obesity with T2D (BLOOM-DM; BMI 27.0-45.0 kg/m2) were used. Patients were randomized to receive lorcaserin 10 mg twice daily or placebo in addition to diet and exercise for 52 weeks. Age quartiles between the studies differed as the T2D population was on average, 9 years older. RESULTS This analysis shows that lorcaserin was associated with improved weight loss relative to placebo regardless of age. Importantly, these results were consistent for patients with and without T2D. Interestingly, the magnitude of weight loss for lorcaserin appeared to increase with increasing age. In patients without T2D, odds of achieving ≥5% and ≥10% reduction in body weight at 52 weeks were significantly higher for patients >36 years. Lorcaserin was well tolerated in all patients across all quartiles including the oldest quartile. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this post hoc analysis demonstrates that lorcaserin treatment in patients with and without T2D was safe and effective at reducing weight across all age groups analysed. Weight loss appeared to be greater for older patients; additional analyses are warranted to confirm these findings and to better understand the factors for improved weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Fujioka
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyScripps ClinicLa JollaCAUSA
| | - M. Malhotra
- Neurology Business GroupEisai IncWoodcliff LakeNJUSA
| | - C. Perdomo
- Neurology Business GroupEisai IncWoodcliff LakeNJUSA
| | - C. M. Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
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Lin H, Miyauchi K, Harada T, Okita R, Takeshita E, Komaki H, Fujioka K, Yagasaki H, Goto YI, Yanaka K, Nakagawa S, Sakaguchi Y, Suzuki T. CO 2-sensitive tRNA modification associated with human mitochondrial disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1875. [PMID: 29760464 PMCID: PMC5951830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been generally thought that tRNA modifications are stable and static, and their frequencies are rarely regulated. N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) occurs at position 37 of five mitochondrial (mt-)tRNA species. We show that YRDC and OSGEPL1 are responsible for t6A37 formation, utilizing L-threonine, ATP, and CO2/bicarbonate as substrates. OSGEPL1-knockout cells exhibit respiratory defects and reduced mitochondrial translation. We find low level of t6A37 in mutant mt-tRNA isolated from the MERRF-like patient’s cells, indicating that lack of t6A37 results in pathological consequences. Kinetic measurements of t6A37 formation reveal that the Km value of CO2/bicarbonate is extremely high (31 mM), suggesting that CO2/bicarbonate is a rate-limiting factor for t6A37 formation. Consistent with this, we observe a low frequency of t6A37 in mt-tRNAs isolated from human cells cultured without bicarbonate. These findings indicate that t6A37 is regulated by sensing intracellular CO2/bicarbonate concentration, implying that mitochondrial translation is modulated in a codon-specific manner under physiological conditions. Transfer RNA modifications play critical roles in protein synthesis. Here the authors reveal the t6A37 tRNA modification is dynamically regulated by sensing intracellular CO2 concentration in mitochondria, implying metabolic regulation of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjyo Miyauchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tai Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Okita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Eri Takeshita
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideki Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Yanaka
- RNA Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Research Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Research Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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10
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Halseth A, Shan K, Gilder K, Malone M, Acevedo L, Fujioka K. Quality of life, binge eating and sexual function in participants treated for obesity with sustained release naltrexone/bupropion. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:141-152. [PMID: 29670752 PMCID: PMC5893468 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This multicenter, randomized, controlled, open‐label trial examined weight‐related quality of life, control over eating behaviour and sexual function after 26 weeks of treatment with either 32 mg naltrexone sustained release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR plus a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program (NB + CLI, N = 153) or usual care (UC, N = 89), which included minimal lifestyle intervention. Methods Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite, Binge Eating Scale and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale were assessed at baseline (BL) and weeks 16 and 26. Results NB + CLI and UC participants lost 9.46 and 0.94% respectively of initial body weight at week 26 (P < 0.0001). NB + CLI participants had greater improvements in Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite total score than UC participants (P < 0.0001). In participants with moderate/severe Binge Eating Scale scores at BL, 91% of NB + CLI and 18% of UC participants experienced categorical improvements. In participants with Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale‐defined sexual dysfunction at BL, 58% of NB + CLI and 19% of UC participants no longer met dysfunction criteria at week 26. The most frequent adverse events leading to discontinuation before week 26 in NB + CLI included nausea (10.5%); anxiety (3.3%); and headache, hypertension, insomnia and palpitations (1.3% each). Conclusion Compared with UC, participants treated with NB + CLI experienced greater improvements in weight‐related quality of life, control over eating behaviour, and sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halseth
- Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.La Jolla CA USA
| | - K Shan
- Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.La Jolla CA USA
| | - K Gilder
- Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.La Jolla CA USA
| | - M Malone
- Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.La Jolla CA USA
| | - L Acevedo
- Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.La Jolla CA USA
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11
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Kolotkin RL, Gabriel Smolarz B, Meincke HH, Fujioka K. Improvements in health-related quality of life over 3 years with liraglutide 3.0 mg compared with placebo in participants with overweight or obesity. Clin Obes 2018; 8:1-10. [PMID: 29045079 PMCID: PMC5813214 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previously in the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial, at 1 year, participants with obesity (or overweight with comorbidities) and prediabetes receiving liraglutide 3.0 mg experienced greater improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than those receiving placebo. The current study extends these findings by examining 3-year changes in HRQoL. HRQoL was assessed using the obesity-specific Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) questionnaire, as well as the Short-Form 36 v2 (SF-36) health survey. At 3 years, mean change (±standard deviation) in IWQOL-Lite total score from baseline for liraglutide (n = 1472) was 11.0 ± 14.2, vs. 8.1 ± 14.7 for placebo (n = 738) (estimated treatment difference [ETD] 3.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0, 4.7], P < 0.0001). Mean change in SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) score from baseline for liraglutide was 3.1 ± 7.3, vs. 2.6 ± 7.6 for placebo (ETD 0.87 [95% CI: 0.17, 1.6], P = 0.0156). Mean change in SF-36 mental component summary score did not significantly differ between groups. Both IWQOL-Lite total score and PCS score demonstrated an association between greater HRQoL improvement with higher weight loss. Liraglutide 3.0 mg was also associated with improved health utility (Short-Form-6D and EuroQol-5D, mapped from IWQOL-Lite and/or SF-36) vs. placebo. Liraglutide 3.0 mg, plus diet and exercise, is associated with long-term improvements in HRQoL with obesity or overweight with comorbidity vs. placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Kolotkin
- Quality of Life ConsultingDurhamNCUSA
- Department of Community and Family MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA
- Department of Health StudiesWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesFørdeNorway
- Førde Hospital TrustFørdeNorway
- Morbid Obesity CentreVestfold Hospital TrustTønsbergNorway
| | | | | | - K. Fujioka
- Nutrition and Metabolic Research Center Scripps Clinic Department of EndocrineLa JollaCAUSA
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12
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Tominaga T, Fujioka K, Hijikuro M, Tada T, Nishikawa Y. Mechanism of increased microbial autofluorescence by heat treatment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:118-123. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tominaga
- Bio Business Development Division; Sharp Life Science Corp.; Tenri Nara Japan
| | - K. Fujioka
- Bio Business Development Division; Sharp Life Science Corp.; Tenri Nara Japan
| | - M. Hijikuro
- Bio Business Development Division; Sharp Life Science Corp.; Tenri Nara Japan
| | - T. Tada
- Biosensing Research Laboratory; KRI Inc.; Konohana-ku Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Nishikawa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences; Graduate School of Human Life Science; Osaka City University; Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka Japan
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13
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Naiman N, Fujioka K, Fujino M, Valerius MT, Potter SS, McMahon AP, Kobayashi A. Repression of Interstitial Identity in Nephron Progenitor Cells by Pax2 Establishes the Nephron-Interstitium Boundary during Kidney Development. Dev Cell 2017; 41:349-365.e3. [PMID: 28535371 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The kidney contains the functional units, the nephrons, surrounded by the renal interstitium. Previously we discovered that, once Six2-expressing nephron progenitor cells and Foxd1-expressing renal interstitial progenitor cells form at the onset of kidney development, descendant cells from these populations contribute exclusively to the main body of nephrons and renal interstitial tissues, respectively, indicating a lineage boundary between the nephron and renal interstitial compartments. Currently it is unclear how lineages are regulated during kidney organogenesis. We demonstrate that nephron progenitor cells lacking Pax2 fail to differentiate into nephron cells but can switch fates into renal interstitium-like cell types. These data suggest that Pax2 function maintains nephron progenitor cells by repressing a renal interstitial cell program. Thus, the lineage boundary between the nephron and renal interstitial compartments is maintained by the Pax2 activity in nephron progenitor cells during kidney organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Naiman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaoru Fujioka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mari Fujino
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - M Todd Valerius
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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14
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Fujioka K, Fujioka A, Oishi M, Eto H, Tajima S, Nakayama T. Ultrasonography findings of intradermal nodular fasciitis: a rare case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:335-336. [PMID: 28300319 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Fujioka
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - A Fujioka
- Fujioka Dermatological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Oishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Izutobu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - H Eto
- Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tajima
- Department of Dermatology, National Defence Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Nakayama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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15
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MacMillan M, Cummins K, Fujioka K. What weight loss treatment options do geriatric patients with overweight and obesity want to consider? Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:477-482. [PMID: 28090354 PMCID: PMC5192535 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the 1990s, a number of weight loss medications have been removed from the USA and or European market because of adverse events associated with these medications. These medications include fenfluramine (heart valve thickening), sibutramine (cardiovascular risk) and rimonabant (depression). This history may affect a patient's desire to consider weight loss medications as an option for weight management. OBJECTIVE This descriptive study was designed to observe what treatment options the geriatric patient (age 65 or higher) seeking weight loss would like to consider, as well as the reasons they felt they struggled with overweight or obesity. METHODS A questionnaire was given to 102 geriatric patients with overweight or obesity before starting a weight loss programme at a weight management centre. The questionnaire asked the patient why they felt they were overweight or obese and what treatment options they wished to consider. The geriatric patients were matched with younger patients in body mass index and sex. RESULTS The three most common perceptions that geriatric patients felt were causes of their increased weight were 'lack of exercise' (76.2%), 'poor food choices' (59.4%) and 'cravings' (47.5%). When geriatric patients were asked what treatment options they would like to discuss, the four most common options requested were 'diet and healthy eating' (67.3%), weight loss medications (57.4%), a request for a 'metabolic work up' (55.4%) and 'exercise' (53.5%). These responses were no different from their younger cohorts. When geriatric patients with a body mass index of 35 or higher were given bariatric surgery as a treatment option, 21.9% marked it as a treatment option they would like to consider. CONCLUSIONS Over half of geriatric patients desired to discuss weight loss medications as a treatment option. Diet and exercise were also of strong interest, which is in line with current weight management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. MacMillan
- MacMillan & Fujioka: Department of Diabetes and EndocrineScripps ClinicLa JollaCAUSA
| | - K. Cummins
- Cummins K: Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCAUSA
| | - K. Fujioka
- MacMillan & Fujioka: Department of Diabetes and EndocrineScripps ClinicLa JollaCAUSA
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16
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Kolotkin RL, Fujioka K, Wolden ML, Brett JH, Bjorner JB. Improvements in health-related quality of life with liraglutide 3.0 mg compared with placebo in weight management. Clin Obes 2016; 6:233-42. [PMID: 27198973 PMCID: PMC5084798 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes study investigated the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg, as adjunct to diet and exercise, on HRQoL in patients with obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m(-2) ] or overweight (BMI ≥ 27 kg m(-2) ) with comorbidity. Participants were advised on a 500 kcal d(-1) deficit diet and a 150-min week(-1) exercise programme and were randomised 2:1 to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3.0 mg or placebo. HRQoL was assessed using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) v2 health questionnaires. Individuals on liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 2046) had significantly greater improvements in IWQOL-Lite total score (10.6 ± 13.3) vs. placebo (n = 1020) (7.7 ± 12.8) and SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores (PCS, 3.6 ± 6.8; MCS, 0.2 ± 8.1) vs. placebo (PCS, 2.2 ± 7.7; MCS, -0.9 ± 9.1). The estimated treatment differences were IWQOL-Lite total score 3.1 (95% CI: 2.2; 4.0), P < 0.0001; SF-36 PCS 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2; 2.2), P < 0.0001 and MCS 0.9 (95% CI: 0.3; 1.5), P = 0.003. All subscales of the IWQOL-Lite and SF-36 were significantly improved with liraglutide 3.0 mg vs. placebo. More patients on liraglutide 3.0 mg experienced meaningful improvement on the IWQOL-Lite total (P < 0.0001) and the SF-36 PCS (P < 0.0001) scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Kolotkin
- Quality of Life Consulting, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - K Fujioka
- Nutrition and Metabolic Research Center, Scripps Clinic Department of Endocrine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - J H Brett
- Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | - J B Bjorner
- Optum Patient Insights, Lincoln, RI, USA
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Krentz AJ, Fujioka K, Hompesch M. Evolution of pharmacological obesity treatments: focus on adverse side-effect profiles. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:558-70. [PMID: 26936802 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy directed toward reducing body weight may provide benefits for both curbing obesity and lowering the risk of obesity-associated comorbidities; however, many weight loss medications have been withdrawn from the market because of serious adverse effects. Examples include pulmonary hypertension (aminorex), cardiovascular toxicity, e.g. flenfluramine-induced valvopathy, stroke [phenylpropanolamine (PPA)], excess non-fatal cardiovascular events (sibutramine), and neuro-psychiatric issues (rimonabant; approved in Europe, but not in the USA). This negative experience has helped mould the current drug development and approval process for new anti-obesity drugs. Differences between the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency, however, in perceptions of risk-benefit considerations for individual drugs have resulted in discrepancies in approval and/or withdrawal of weight-reducing medications. Thus, two drugs recently approved by the FDA, i.e. lorcaserin and phentermine + topiramate extended release, are not available in Europe. In contrast, naltrexone sustained release (SR)/bupropion SR received FDA approval, and liraglutide 3.0 mg was recently approved in both the USA and Europe. Regulatory strategies adopted by the FDA to manage the potential for uncommon but potentially serious post-marketing toxicity include: (i) risk evaluation and mitigation strategy programmes; (ii) stipulating post-marketing safety trials; (iii) considering responder rates and limiting cumulative exposure by discontinuation if weight loss is not attained within a reasonable timeframe; and (iv) requiring large cardiovascular outcome trials before or after approval. We chronicle the adverse effects of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy and consider how the history of high-profile toxicity issues has shaped the current regulatory landscape for new and future weight-reducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Krentz
- Profil Institute for Clinical Research, Chula Vista, CA, USA
| | - K Fujioka
- Center for Weight Management, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic Del Mar, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Hompesch
- Profil Institute for Clinical Research, Chula Vista, CA, USA
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18
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Seno T, Nonaka D, Kohno M, Sofue H, Kasahara A, Sagawa R, Kida T, Kukida Y, Fujioka K, Fujii W, Murakami K, Lee LJ, Tanaka K, Kawahito Y. AB0247 A New Disease Activity Biomarker Alternative To CRP under Tocilizumab Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis via Peptidomic Analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Kern W, Wehrhahn T, Le Roux C, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Lau D, Van Gaal L, Violante Ortiz R, Wilding J, Pi-Sunyer X, Skjøth T, Shapiro Manning L. Reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) with liraglutide 3.0 mg in people with prediabetes from the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Blueher M, Wehrhahn T, Hermansen K, Greenway F, Fujioka K, Donsmark M, Jensen C, Wilding J. Early weight loss with liraglutide 3.0 mg is a good predictor of clinically meaningful weight loss after 56 weeks. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Fujioka K, Abe S. A model for slash-and-burn using cellular automata. IJCNDS 2016. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcnds.2016.073405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, the recognition of obesity as a complex disease that requires chronic management has become more widespread. There has also been a movement away from a focus on body mass index alone, and toward the management of obesity-related comorbidities as well as excess weight. This article examines the current and emerging pharmacological options for weight management in people with overweight or obesity who have, or are at a high risk of, weight-related comorbidities. In the USA, the current options for pharmacological weight management are phentermine (indicated for short-term use only), orlistat, combined phentermine/topiramate extended release, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion and liraglutide 3.0 mg. Currently, orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion and liraglutide 3.0 mg are approved in Europe. All of the above-mentioned medications have shown weight-loss efficacy versus placebo. Those approved for long-term weight management have also been associated with improvements in weight-related comorbidities, such as hypertension, prediabetes, diabetes or dyslipidaemia, or related biomarkers. As with all drugs, the safety and tolerability profiles of medications for weight management should be considered alongside their efficacy to ensure correct use. Additional medications for weight management that are in clinical development include bupropion/zonisamide and beloranib. The field of obesity treatment is advancing with a number of medications being recently approved, and with other pharmacological options emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujioka
- Department of Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Manome Y, Fujioka K, Watanabe M, Takeyama H. 405 Utilization of antibody conjugated thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution for detection of thyroid papillary carcinoma antigen. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Greenway F, le Roux C, Lau D, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Halpern A, Krempf M, Ortiz RV, Wilding J, Svendsen CB, Jensen CB, Pi-Sunyer X, Kienhöfer J, Segner A. Additional analyses of the weight-lowering efficacy of liraglutide 3.0 mg in overweight and obese adults: the SCALE obesity and prediabetes randomized trial. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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O'Neil P, Fujioka K, Violante Ortiz R, Claudius B, Jensen C, Astrup A, Kienhöfer J, Hamann A. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide 3.0 mg in adult overweight and obese weight loss responders without diabetes: results of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 56-week SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Seno T, Yamamoto A, Kukida Y, Tominaga A, Kida T, Nakabayashi A, Fujioka K, Nagahara H, Murakami K, Fujii W, Oda R, Kubo T, Kohno M, Kawahito Y. AB0910 Once-Weekly Teriparatide is Effective for Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Patients with Collagen Diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Blüher M, Wilding J, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Halpern A, Krempf M, Lau D, le Roux CW, Violante Ortiz R, Schaaf NS, Jensen CB, Pi-Sunyer X. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management in overweight and obese adults: the SCALE™ Obesity and Prediabetes, a randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nishiura M, Doi K, Taniike A, Matsuki T, Shimazoe K, Mushiake T, Yoshino M, Nagasaka T, Fujimoto Y, Fujioka K, Tanaka T, Kisaki M, Yamaoka H, Matsumoto Y, Wada M. Ion-induced gamma-ray detection of fast ions escaping from fusion plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E804. [PMID: 25430369 DOI: 10.1063/1.4886764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 12 × 12 pixel detector has been developed and used in a laboratory experiment for lost fast-ion diagnostics. With gamma rays in the MeV range originating from nuclear reactions (9)Be(α, nγ)(12)C, (9)Be(d, nγ)(12)C, and (12)C(d, pγ)(13)C, a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector measured a fine-energy-resolved spectrum of gamma rays. The HPGe detector enables the survey of background-gamma rays and Doppler-shifted photo peak shapes. In the experiments, the pixel detector produces a gamma-ray image reconstructed from the energy spectrum obtained from total photon counts of irradiation passing through the detector's lead collimator. From gamma-ray image, diagnostics are able to produce an analysis of the fast ion loss onto the first wall in principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - K Doi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
| | - A Taniike
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - T Matsuki
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - K Shimazoe
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - T Mushiake
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - M Yoshino
- Furukawa Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - T Nagasaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Fujimoto
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Kisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Yamaoka
- RIKEN SPring-8 center, RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - M Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan
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Jeppesen P, Fujioka K, Youssef N, O’Keefe S. PP101-MON: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide Treatment for Intestinal Failure Associated with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS–IF): Final Results of a 2-Year, Multicenter, Open-Label, Clinical Trial. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kukida Y, Kida T, Inoue T, Isoda Y, Sagawa T, Ishigaki R, Kasahara A, Nakabayashi A, Fujioka K, Nagahara H, Fujii W, Murakami K, Seno T, Yamamoto A, Kohno M, Kawahito Y. AB0501 Retrospective Study of Multitarget Therapy with Combination of Mizoribine and Tacrolimus for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with or without Nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Fujioka K, Kishida T, Kukida Y, Nagahara H, Fujii W, Murakami K, Seno T, Yamamoto A, Kohno M, Mazda O, Kawahito Y. SAT0562 Directly Reprogrammed Osteoblasts Genetically Engineered to Produce Interleukin-10 Significantly Suppress Osteoclastgenesis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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32
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Fujii W, Ashihara E, Hirai H, Nagahara H, Fujioka K, Murakami K, Seno T, Yamamoto A, Ishino H, Kohno M, Maekawa T, Kawahito Y. THU0112 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells have Regulatory Roles in Mouse Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Smith SR, Fujioka K, Gupta AK, Billes SK, Burns C, Kim D, Dunayevich E, Greenway FL. Combination therapy with naltrexone and bupropion for obesity reduces total and visceral adiposity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:863-6. [PMID: 23489381 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of combination naltrexone/bupropion therapy on body composition and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass were examined in a subset (n = 107) of obese subjects from a Phase 2 trial that compared the efficacy and safety of placebo, naltrexone monotherapy, bupropion monotherapy or one of three naltrexone/bupropion dose combinations for 24 weeks. Body composition data were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Eighty subjects completed the substudy. Naltrexone/bupropion resulted in weight loss and a greater reduction in body fat (-14.0 ± 1.3%) than placebo (-4.0 ± 2.0%), naltrexone monotherapy (-3.2 ± 2.5%) and bupropion monotherapy (-4.1 ± 2.9%; all p < 0.01). Reduction in VAT mass was also greater with naltrexone/bupropion (-15.0 ± 1.8%) than placebo (-4.6 ± 2.7%), naltrexone monotherapy (-0.1 ± 3.5%) and bupropion monotherapy (-2.3 ± 4.2%; all p < 0.01). Reductions in body fat and VAT mass with naltrexone/bupropion were proportional with weight loss. Weight loss with naltrexone/bupropion was not associated with a greater relative reduction in lean mass than placebo or the monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital/Burnham Institute, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA.
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34
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Maruoka Y, Kanaya F, Hoshino A, Iimura T, Imai H, Otsuka R, Ueha S, Fujioka K, Katsuragawa Y, Shimbo T, Mimori A, Yamazaki T, Manome Y, Omura K, Moriyama K, Matsushima K, Yamamoto K. Study of the relations between progressive/idiopathic condylar resorption and impaired bone/cartilage metabolism caused by chemokine receptor disorder. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.07.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kobayashi A, Stewart CA, Wang Y, Fujioka K, Thomas NC, Jamin SP, Behringer RR. β-Catenin is essential for Müllerian duct regression during male sexual differentiation. Development 2011; 138:1967-75. [PMID: 21490063 DOI: 10.1242/dev.056143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During male sexual differentiation, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling molecule anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; also known as Müllerian inhibiting substance, MIS) is secreted by the fetal testes and induces regression of the Müllerian ducts, the primordia of the female reproductive tract organs. Currently, the molecular identity of downstream events regulated by the AMH signaling pathway remains unclear. We found that male-specific Wnt4 expression in mouse Müllerian duct mesenchyme depends upon AMH signaling, implicating the WNT pathway as a downstream mediator of Müllerian duct regression. Inactivation of β-catenin, a mediator of the canonical WNT pathway, did not affect AMH signaling activation in the Müllerian duct mesenchyme, but did block Müllerian duct regression. These data suggest that β-catenin mediates AMH signaling for Müllerian duct regression during male sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kobayashi
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Uchiyama K, Ino H, Hayashi K, Fujioka K, Takabatake S, Yokawa J, Namura M, Mizuno S, Tatami R, Kanaya H, Nitta Y, Michishita I, Hirase H, Ueda K, Aoyama T, Okeie K, Haraki T, Mori K, Araki T, Minamoto M, Oiwake H, Konno T, Sakata K, Kawashiri M, Yamagishi M. Impact of Severe Coronary Disease Associated or Not Associated with Diabetes Mellitus on Outcome of Interventional Treatment Using Stents: Results from HERZ (Heart Research Group of Kanazawa) Analyses. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:549-57. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a drug-eluting stent (DES) leads to less re-stenosis than PCI using a bare metal stent (BMS), however there is still controversy whether use of a DES for severe coronary disease leads to an acceptable outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study 8159 lesions were treated in 6739 patients (mean age 68.9 years) with coronary artery disease. Use of a DES significantly decreased the re-stenosis rate compared with BMS in both DM (9.6% versus 21.3%) and non-DM (9.5% versus 17.1%) patients. The re-stenosis rate was significantly higher in DM than in non-DM patients in the BMS group but not in the DES group. There was no statistically significant difference in event-free survival after stenting of patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease between the BMS and DES groups. It was concluded that, compared with BMS, DES reduced re-stenosis in patients with DM, however, we advise careful treatment after using DES for severe coronary disease, including LMCA lesions, in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uchiyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Ino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Fujioka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - S Takabatake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - J Yokawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M Namura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - S Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - R Tatami
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Kanaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Y Nitta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - I Michishita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Hirase
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Ueda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Aoyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Okeie
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Haraki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Mori
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Araki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M Minamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Oiwake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - T Konno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Sakata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M Kawashiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - M Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Abstract
Obesity in the USA continues to be a medical problem of epidemic proportions, affecting one-third of American adults. This increase in body weight and body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for insulin resistance; individuals with insulin resistance are at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The identification of effective dietary treatments (e.g. low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet) for patient populations with insulin resistance remains controversial. While a variety of dietary approaches will result in weight and cardiac risk factor reduction, individuals who have been identified as insulin-resistant may derive additional short-term weight loss results from a low-carbohydrate diet compared to a low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lee
- Diabetes/Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA.
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38
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Nishiura M, Nagasaka T, Fujioka K, Fujimoto Y, Tanaka T, Ido T, Yamamoto S, Kashiwa S, Sasao M. Development and irradiation test of lost alpha detection system for ITER. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D313. [PMID: 21033839 DOI: 10.1063/1.3485118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We developed a lost alpha detection system to use in burning plasma experiments. The scintillators of Ag:ZnS and polycrystalline Ce:YAG were designed for a high-temperature environment, and the optical transmission line was designed to transmit from the scintillator to the port plug. The required optical components of lenses and mirrors were irradiated using the fission reactor with the initial result that there was no clear change after the irradiation with a neutron flux of 9.6×10(17) nm(-2) s(-1) for 48 h. We propose a diagnostic of alpha particle loss, so-called alpha particle induced gamma ray spectroscopy. The initial laboratory test has been carried out by the use of the Ce doped Lu(2)SiO(5) scintillator detector and an Am-Be source to detect the 4.44 MeV high energy gamma ray due to the (9)Be(α,nγ)(12)C reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishiura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
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39
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Kipnes MS, Hollander P, Fujioka K, Gantz I, Seck T, Erondu N, Shentu Y, Lu K, Suryawanshi S, Chou M, Johnson-Levonas AO, Heymsfield SB, Shapiro D, Kaufman KD, Amatruda JM. A one-year study to assess the safety and efficacy of the CB1R inverse agonist taranabant in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:517-31. [PMID: 20518807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of taranabant in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in overweight and obese patients with T2DM (ages > or = 18 and < or = 75 years) with a BMI > or = 27 kg/m(2) and < or = 43 kg/m(2) and HbA1c > or =7.0 and < or = 10.0%, who were either not on an antihyperglycaemic agent or on a stable dose of metformin (> or = 1500 mg/day). After a 2-week placebo run-in, patients were randomized to placebo (N = 156) or taranabant 0.5-mg (N = 155), 1-mg (N = 157), or 2-mg (N = 155) once daily for 52 weeks. Primary efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline in body weight (BW) and HbA1c at Week 36, with results at Week 52 being key secondary endpoints. RESULTS In the all-patients-treated population, using a last-observation-carried-forward analysis, reductions in BW were -2.5, -3.7, -4.5 and -5.1 kg at Week 36 and -2.4, -4.0, -4.6 and -5.3 kg at Week 52 in the placebo, 0.5-, 1- and 2-mg groups, respectively (all doses significant vs. placebo at both time points). The proportion of patients who lost > or = 5 and > or = 10% of their baseline BW was significantly greater in the 1- and 2-mg groups vs. placebo at Week 36 and all taranabant groups vs. placebo at Week 52. Reductions in HbA1c were -0.40, -0.47, -0.68 and -0.71% at Week 36 and -0.30, -0.43, -0.65 and -0.64% at Week 52, in the placebo, 0.5-, 1- and 2-mg groups, respectively (1- and 2-mg doses significant vs. placebo at both time points). After 52 weeks, the incidences of adverse experiences classified in the gastrointestinal (diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting), nervous system-related (dizziness, sensory-related), and psychiatric (irritability, depression-related) organ systems were numerically higher or statistically significantly higher in all taranabant groups compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS After 36 and 52 weeks, treatment with taranabant at the 1- and 2-mg doses led to clinically significant weight loss and improvement in glycaemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with T2DM that was associated with dose-related increases in adverse experiences. Based on these data and data from other Phase III clinical studies, it was determined that the overall safety and efficacy profile of taranabant did not support further development for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kipnes
- Diabetes and Glandular Disease Research, Cetero Company, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Ogawa K, Sueda K, Akahane Y, Aoyama M, Tsuji K, Fujioka K, Kanabe T, Yamakawa K, Miyanaga N. Controlling the phase matching conditions of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification using partially deuterated KDP. Opt Express 2009; 17:7744-7749. [PMID: 19434105 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.007744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using a partially deuterated KDP crystal for an optical parametric amplifier, we demonstrated ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification of more than 250 nm bandwidth at a center wavelength of 1050 nm. We numerically show how to control the broadband phase matching conditions at different wavelengths to match center wavelengths of suitable broadband seed sources by adjusting the deuteration level in partially deuterated KDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kyoto, Japan.
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41
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Nishiura S, Tanabe S, Fujioka K, Fujimoto Y, Nakatsuka M. Preparation and optical properties of transparent Ce:YAG ceramics for high power white LED. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-8981/1/1/012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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de Crécy A, Bazin P, Glaeser H, Skorek T, Joucla J, Probst P, Fujioka K, Chung B, Oh D, Kyncl M, Pernica R, Macek J, Meca R, Macian R, D’Auria F, Petruzzi A, Batet L, Perez M, Reventos F. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the LOFT L2-5 test: Results of the BEMUSE programme. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Adeyeye MC, Mwangi E, Katpally S, Fujioka K, Ichikawa H, Fukumori Y. Suspensions of prolonged-release diclofenac-Eudragit® and ion-exchange resin microcapsules: II. Improved dissolution stability. J Microencapsul 2008; 22:353-62. [PMID: 16214784 DOI: 10.1080/02652040500100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The stability of prolonged release 100 microm -size ion-exchange resin (IER) diclofenac microcapsules (prepared by the Wurster process) and coated with Eudragit RS30D was evaluated using dissolution analysis. METHODS The IER microcapsules were suspended in 0.1% methylcellulose and stored at 23 and 37 degrees C and the dissolution study conducted over a 6-month period. The surface morphology of the microcapsules was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The dissolution of the suspensions stored at 23 degrees C on day 1 or 7 and was similar to that of day 30 with slightly faster dissolution on day 60. In contrast, release from suspensions stored at 37 degrees C decreased with storage. The decrease in dissolution with increased temperature was possibly due to the polymer relaxation (micromelting) that was enough to seal the drug within the matrix, resulting in slow dissolution. SEM of the suspended microcapsules correlated with the dissolution data, i.e. the surfaces of microcapsule stored at 37 degrees C showed decreased roughness or smoothening and closing of pores with time and, hence, retardation of drug release, compared with samples stored at 23 degrees C. The dissolution kinetics (shown by the linearity of Bt vs. time profiles) indicated that release mechanism was diffusion. CONCLUSIONS The suspensions of diclofenac IER microcapsules were stable up to 30 days at ambient temperature, which makes the formulation potentially useful as reconstitutable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Adeyeye
- School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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44
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Liang X, Fujioka K, Tsuda Y, Wakuda R, Asanuma H. Construction of a photo-switchable gene for turning on and off gene expression with light irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008:19-20. [DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Henning C, Fujioka K, Ludwig P, Piel A, Melzer A, Bonitz M. Existence and vanishing of the breathing mode in strongly correlated finite systems. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:045002. [PMID: 18764335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental eigenmodes of finite interacting systems is the mode of uniform radial expansion and contraction-the breathing mode (BM). Here we show in a general way that this mode exists only under special conditions: (i) for harmonically trapped systems with interaction potentials of the form 1/rgamma (gamma in R not equal 0) or log(r), or (ii) for some systems with special symmetry such as single-shell systems forming platonic bodies. Deviations from the BM are demonstrated for two examples: clusters interacting with a Lennard-Jones potential and parabolically trapped systems with Yukawa repulsion. We also show that vanishing of the BM leads to the occurrence of multiple monopole oscillations which is of importance for experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Henning
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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46
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47
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Sadakane K, Ichinose T, Takano H, Abe M, Sera N, Yanagisawa R, Ochi H, Fujioka K, Lee KG, Shibamoto T. Murine strain differences in 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation in hepatic DNA induced by oxidized lard and dietary oils. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1372-6. [PMID: 16624473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difference of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formation in liver DNA in C3H/HeN and in C57BL/6 mice--fed oxidized lard and dietary oils (soybean and sardine)--was investigated. The blank levels of 8-OH-dG were higher in C3H/HeN mice (highly sensitive to liver tumorigenesis) than in C57BL/6 mice (resistant strain). The level of 8-OH-dG increased much more in C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice fed by oxidized lard and dietary oil treatment. Feeding oxidized lard and dietary oils increased 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase I (OGG1) and mRNA 8-oxo-dGTPase in C57BL/6 mice. On the other hand, no appreciable change of mRNA in the C3H/HeN mice was observed. The formation differences of 8-OH-dG from the two murine strains fed with oxidized lard and dietary oils may be associated with the different mRNA levels in the DNA repair enzymes because the mRNA levels in the DNA repair enzymes were much lower in C3H/HeN mice than in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9, Notsuharu, Oita 870-1201, Japan
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Fujioka K, Brazg RL, Raz I, Bruce S, Joyal S, Swanink R, Pans M. Efficacy, dose-response relationship and safety of once-daily extended-release metformin (Glucophage XR) in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycaemic control despite prior treatment with diet and exercise: results from two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005; 7:28-39. [PMID: 15642073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The efficacy, dose-response relationships and safety of an extended-release formulation of metformin (Glucophage) XR) were evaluated in two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of 24 and 16 weeks' duration, in patients with inadequate glycaemic control despite diet and exercise. Protocol 1 provided an evaluation of metformin XR at a commonly used dosage. Protocol 2 evaluated different dosages of metformin XR. METHODS In Protocol 1, 240 patients were randomized to receive metformin XR 1000 mg once daily. or placebo in a 2:1 ratio for 12 weeks (patients could receive metformin XR 1500 mg during weeks 12-24 if required). In Protocol 2, 742 patients were randomized to receive metformin XR 500 mg once daily, 1000 mg once daily, 1500 mg once daily, 2000 mg once daily, 1000 mg twice daily or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint in each study was the change from baseline in HbA(1C) at 12 weeks (Protocol 1) or 16 weeks (Protocol 2). RESULTS Metformin XR reduced HbA(1C) in Protocol 1, with mean treatment differences for 1000 mg once daily vs. placebo of -0.7% at 12 weeks and -0.8% at 24 weeks (p < 0.001 for each). In Protocol 2, a clear dose-response relationship was evident at doses up to 1500 mg, with treatment differences vs. placebo of -0.6% (500 mg once daily), -0.7% (1000 mg once daily), -1.0% (1500 mg once daily) and -1.0% (2000 mg once daily). The efficacy of metformin XR 2000 mg once daily and 1000 mg twice daily were similar (mean treatment differences vs. placebo in HbA(1C) were -1.0% and -1.2%, respectively). More patients achieved HbA(1C) < 7.0% with metformin XR vs. placebo in Protocol 1 (29% vs. 14% at 12 weeks) and with once-daily metformin XR in Protocol 2 (up to 36% vs. 10% at 16 weeks). No significant changes in fasting insulin or body weight occurred. Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol improved (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) in metformin XR groups in Protocol 2. Metformin XR was well tolerated; gastrointestinal side effects were more common with metformin XR vs. placebo, but few patients withdrew for this reason (1.3% vs. 1.3% in Protocol 1 and 1.6% vs. 0.9% in Protocol 2). CONCLUSIONS Once-daily metformin XR presents an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for delivering metformin in a convenient manner, which supports good compliance with therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujioka
- Department of Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
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49
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Ichinose T, Nobuyuki S, Takano H, Abe M, Sadakane K, Yanagisawa R, Ochi H, Fujioka K, Lee KG, Shibamoto T. Liver carcinogenesis and formation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in C3H/HeN mice by oxidized dietary oils containing carcinogenic dicarbonyl compounds. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1795-803. [PMID: 15350677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized dietary oils (lard, soybean oil, and sardine oil) were orally administered to C3H/HeN male mice. After 6 months, benign hepatocellular adenoma was observed in the mice treated with all three oxidized dietary oils. After 12 months, malignant hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma were observed in addition to the benign tumor. Oxidized sardine oil caused the highest tumor incidence (35%) and malignant tumors (27.5%) among the oxidized dietary oils tested. Mice treated with oxidized lard and sardine oil exhibited a significant increase of 8-OH-dG in the livers. The amounts of 8-OH-dG found in the mice treated with oxidized sardine oil correlated with the rates of tumor incidence. After 6 months, mRNA decreased in the case of oxidized lard and sardine oil, whereas it increased in the case of oxidized soybean oil, either in 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) or in 8-oxo-dGTPase. On the other hand, there was no appreciable change in mRNA, in either OGG1 or 8-oxo-dGTPase, after 12 months. Oxidized sardine oil contained the highest level of malonaldehyde (MA) (713+/-91.1 nmol/g) and glyoxal (33.3+/-5.2 nmol/g) among three oxidized oils. The malignant tumor incidence correlated with the high level of MA and glyoxal found in the dietary oils tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9, Notsuharu, Oita 870-1201, Japan
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50
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Hirano T, Gong Y, Yoshida K, Kato Y, Yashima K, Maeda M, Nakagawa A, Fujioka K, Ohira T, Ikeda N, Ebihara Y, Auer G, Kato H. Usefulness of TA02 (napsin A) to distinguish primary lung adenocarcinoma from metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2003; 41:155-62. [PMID: 12871778 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(03)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
TA02 (napsin A) associated with primary lung adenocarcinoma detected by the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), has a molecular weight of 35.0 kDa and an isoelectric point 5.29. We developed a mouse monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal of the TA02 molecule (clone TMU-Ad02 (6A1)) and attempted to investigate its immunohistochemical reactivity for nodular lesions of the peripheral lung, and evaluate its usefulness for making a differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. The TA02-immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out using surgically resected materials of 109 cases of lung cancer (76 cases of primary lung cancer and 33 cases of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma from other organs), five cases with mesothelioma, four cases with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and five cases with tuberculoma of the lung. In 39 out of 43 (90.7%) primary lung adenocarcinomas, positive immunohistochemical reactivity with a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern was observed. Even though two out of seven (28.6%) large cell carcinomas showed positive results with a granular staining pattern, the immunohistochemical staining intensity was weak. The other cancerous lesions containing metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma were all completely negative. In comparison with the immunohistochemical reactivity of TA02 and SpA, TA02 was superior to SpA both in terms of positive rate and immunohistochemical intensity. We concluded that the evaluation of TA02 expression in lung tumorous lesions was very valuable for discriminating between primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, and TA02 was superior to SpA as a discriminating marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirano
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
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