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Ahopelto K, Saukkonen K, Hagström J, Kauhanen S, Seppänen H, Böckelman C, Haglund C. TKTL1 as a Prognostic Marker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Correlation with FDG-PET-CT. Oncology 2020; 99:177-185. [PMID: 33120381 DOI: 10.1159/000510862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose metabolism in cancer cells differs from noncancerous cells. The expression of transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1), a key enzyme in the glucose metabolism of cancer cells, predicts poor prognosis in several cancer types. We studied TKTL1 as a prognostic tool and whether TKTL1 expression correlates with 18F-FDG-PET-CT among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS This retrospective study examined two PDAC patient cohorts: 168 patients operated on at Helsinki University Hospital between 2001 and 2011, and 20 patients with FDG-PET-CT results available from the Auria Biobank. We used immunohistochemistry for TKTL1 expression, combining results with clinicopathological data. RESULTS Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was slightly but not significantly better in patients with a high versus low TKTL1 expression, with DSS of 28.0 versus 17.3%, respectively (p = 0.123). TKTL1 served as a marker of a better prognosis in patients over 65 years old (p = 0.012) and among those with TNM class M1 (p = 0.018), stage IV disease (p = 0.027), or perivascular invasion (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that TKTL1 cannot be used as a prognostic factor in PDAC with the exception of elderly patients and those with advanced disease. The correlation of TKTL1 with 18F-FDG-PET-CT requires further study in a larger patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Ahopelto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, .,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Kapo Saukkonen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology and Oral Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Heby M, Karnevi E, Elebro J, Nodin B, Eberhard J, Saukkonen K, Hagström J, Mustonen H, Seppänen H, Haglund C, Jirström K, Larsson AH. Additive clinical impact of epidermal growth factor receptor and podocalyxin-like protein expression in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10373. [PMID: 32587323 PMCID: PMC7316735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of periampullary adenocarcinomas remains poor with few treatment options. Podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is an anti-adhesive protein, the high expression of which has been shown to confer a poor prognosis in numerous malignancies. A correlation and adverse prognostic synergy between PODXL and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been observed in colorectal cancer. Here, we investigated whether this also applies to periampullary adenocarcinomas. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of PODXL and EGFR in tissue microarrays with tumors from two patient cohorts; (Cohort 1, n = 175) and (Cohort 2, n = 189). The effect of TGF-β-induced expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PODXL and EGFR, were investigated in pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) in vitro. We found a correlation between PODXL and EGFR in these cancers, and a synergistic adverse effect on survival. Furthermore, silencing PODXL in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the down-regulation of EGFR, but not vice versa. Consequently, these findings suggest a functional link between PODXL and EGFR, and the potential combined utility as biomarkers possibly improving patient stratification. Further studies examining the mechanistic basis underlying these observations may open new avenues of targeted treatment options for subsets of patients affected by these particularly aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emelie Karnevi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kapo Saukkonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programmes Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programmes Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programmes Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna H Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
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Saukkonen K, Hagström J, Mustonen H, Lehtinen L, Carpen O, Andersson LC, Seppänen H, Haglund C. Prognostic and diagnostic value of REG4 serum and tissue expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2018. [PMID: 29542402 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318761494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG4), a secretory protein involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, is upregulated in inflammatory bowel diseases and in many gastrointestinal malignancies. The prognostic significance of its expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is unknown. Our aim was to investigate tumor tissue and serum REG4 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. We also evaluated as a control the diagnostic value of serum REG4 level in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Immunohistochemical expression of REG4 was evaluated in 154 surgical specimens and serum REG4 level in 130 samples from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients treated at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, in 2000-2011. REG4 tissue and serum expression was assessed in relation to clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. A chronic pancreatitis control group comprised 34 patients who underwent pancreatic resection because of suspicion of malignancy. Significant survival differences were detectable in subgroups: in tumor stages IA-IIA, high serum REG4 level predicted worse survival (p=0.046). In patients with grade I tumor, positive tissue REG4 expression predicted better survival (p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, neither tissue nor serum REG4 expression was independent prognostic factors. Serum REG4 levels were higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than in chronic pancreatitis (p=0.002), with diagnostic sensitivity of 45% and specificity of 91%. In logistic regression analysis, a multivariate model with REG4, CA19-9, and age provided sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 79%. REG4 tissue expression is a prognostic marker in subgroups of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Serum REG4 level might be useful in differential diagnosis between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapo Saukkonen
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- 2 Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,3 Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Lehtinen
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- 3 Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,4 Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,5 Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif C Andersson
- 3 Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Arpalahti L, Saukkonen K, Hagström J, Mustonen H, Seppänen H, Haglund C, Holmberg CI. Nuclear ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L5 expression associates with increased patient survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317710411. [PMID: 28653876 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317710411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with an overall 5-year survival of less than 5%. Prognosis among surgically treated patients is difficult and identification of new biomarkers is essential for accurate prediction of patient outcome. As part of one of the major cellular protein degradation systems, the proteasome plays a fundamental role in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions including cancer. The proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5)/Uch37 is a modulator of proteasome activity with cancer prognostic marker potential. Cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoexpression of UCHL5 was evaluated in 154 surgical specimens from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients treated at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, in 2000-2011. UCHL5 expression in relation to clinicopathological parameters and the association between UCHL5 In this study, positive expression and patient survival were assessed. Positive nuclear UCHL5 expression was associated with increased patient survival ( p = 0.005). A survival benefit was also detectable in these subgroups of patients: over 65 years ( p < 0.001), at tumor stages IIB to III ( p = 0.007), or with lymph-node positivity ( p = 0.006). In stages IIB to III disease, patients with positive nuclear UCHL5 expression showed a twofold increase in 5-year cancer-specific survival compared to those with negative expression. Multivariate analysis identified positive nuclear UCHL5 expression as an independent prognostic factor ( p = 0.012). In conclusion, UCHL5 expression could function as a prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, particularly at disease stages IIB to III. As UCHL5 is one of the few markers predicting increased survival, our results may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Arpalahti
- 1 Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kapo Saukkonen
- 1 Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- 1 Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,3 Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- 1 Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina I Holmberg
- 1 Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Saukkonen K, Hagström J, Mustonen H, Juuti A, Nordling S, Kallio P, Alitalo K, Seppänen H, Haglund C. PROX1 and β-catenin are prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:472. [PMID: 27411302 PMCID: PMC4944261 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has a key role in regulating cellular processes and its aberrant signaling can lead to cancer development. The role of β-catenin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is somewhat controversial. Transcription factor PROX1 is a target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and it is involved in carcinogenesis through alterations in its expression. The actions can be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive depending on the tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate PROX1 and β-catenin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Expression of PROX1 and β-catenin were evaluated in 156 patients by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays. Associations between tumor marker expression and clinicopathological parameters were assessed by the Fischer’s exact-test or the linear-by-linear association test. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were carried out by the Cox regression proportional hazard model. Results High PROX1 expression was seen in 74 (48 %) tumors, and high β-catenin expression in 100 (65 %). High β-catenin expression was associated with lower tumor grade (p = 0.025). High PROX1 and β-catenin expression associated significantly with lower risk of death from PDAC in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.63; 95 % CI 0.42–0.95, p = 0.026; and HR = 0.54; 95 % CI 0.35–0.82, p = 0.004; respectively). The combined high expression of PROX1 and β-catenin also predicted lower risk of death from PDAC (HR = 0.46; 95 % CI 0.28–0.76, p = 0.002). Conclusion In conclusion, high PROX1 and β-catenin expression were independent factors for better prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2497-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapo Saukkonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. .,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Juuti
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stig Nordling
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Pauliina Kallio
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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6
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Saukkonen K, Hagström J, Mustonen H, Juuti A, Nordling S, Fermér C, Nilsson O, Seppänen H, Haglund C. Podocalyxin Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129012. [PMID: 26053486 PMCID: PMC4459962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study Podocalyxin-like 1 is a transmembrane glyco-protein whose overexpression associates in many cancers with poor prognosis and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. Until now, its prognostic value has never been studied in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study was to investigate podocalyxin expression in PDAC by a novel monoclonal antibody and a commercially available polyclonal antibody. Patients and Materials With tissue microarrays and immuno-histochemistry, podocalyxin expression evaluation involved 168 PDAC patients. The associa-tions of the podocalyxin tumor expression with clinicopathological variables were explored by Fisher’s exact test and the linear-by-linear test. Survival analyses were by Kaplan-Meier anal-ysis and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results The polyclonal antibody revealed membranous podocalyxin expression in 73 (44.0%) specimens and the monoclonal antibody was highly expressed in 36 (21.8%) cases. Membranous expression by the polyclonal antibody was associated with T classification (p=0.045) and perineural invasion (p=0.005), and high expression by the mono-clonal antibody with poor differentiation (p=0.033). High podocalyxin expression associated significantly with higher risk of death from PDAC by both the polyclonal antibody (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.33; p=0.01) and the monoclonal antibody (HR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.38-3.20; p<0.001). The results remained significant in multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, gender, stage, lymph node ratio (≥/< 20%), and perivascular invasion (respectively as HR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.32-3.13, p=0.001; and as HR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.47-3.80, p<0.001). Conclusion We found podocalyxin to be an independent factor for poor prognosis in PDAC. To our knowledge, this is the first such report of its prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapo Saukkonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Juuti
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stig Nordling
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Fermér
- Fujirebio Diagnostics AB, Elof Lindälvs gata 13, SE-414 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olle Nilsson
- Onson Consulting, Södra vägen 2, SE-412 54 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 440, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Saukkonen K, Narko K, Ristimäki A. [Cyclo-oxygenase 2 in cancer]. Duodecim 2002; 115:855-6. [PMID: 11859518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Saukkonen K, Nieminen O, van Rees B, Vilkki S, Härkönen M, Juhola M, Mecklin JP, Sipponen P, Ristimäki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in dysplasia of the stomach and in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:1923-31. [PMID: 11448905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase (Cox) is the key enzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. Two Cox genes have been cloned, and expression of Cox-2 mRNA and protein has been shown to be elevated in several human malignancies and in animal models of carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate Cox-2 protein expression in human gastric dysplasias and adenocarcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Performance of several Cox-2 antibodies was evaluated, after which Cox-2 protein expression was studied in 67 gastric cancer specimens and in eight definitive dysplasias by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cox-2 positivity was detected in 58% (25/43) of the intestinal-type (well-differentiated) tumors and 6% (1/18) of diffuse-type (poorly differentiated) tumors. Consistent with these data, we detected higher expression of Cox-2 mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity in well-differentiated gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-28 and MKN-74) when compared with poorly differentiated cell lines (HSC-39 and KATO III). Cox-2 immunoreactivity was localized to the carcinoma cells, but the stroma of the tumors was negative. However, strong Cox-2 positivity was consistently detected in stromal cells at sites of erosions and ulcerations. Furthermore, four of nine (44%) definitive dysplasias of the stomach that showed no evidence of invasion were positive for Cox-2. CONCLUSIONS Cox-2 is expressed by the neoplastic cells in the intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma and by precarcinogenic (dysplastic) lesions leading to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Narko K, Saukkonen K, Ketola I, Bützow R, Heikinheimo M, Ristimäki A. Regulated expression of prostaglandin E(2) receptors EP2 and EP4 in human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1765-8. [PMID: 11297615 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated in regulation of ovarian function. We have previously shown that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the receptor for PGF(2 alpha) are expressed in periovulatory human granulosa cells and upregulated by gonadotropins and cytokines in cultured human ovarian granulosa-luteal (GL) cells. We now show that transcripts for PGE(2) receptor subtypes EP2 and EP4 are expressed in freshly isolated human granulosa cells and in mouse ovaries as detected by Northern blot analysis. However, EP2 and EP4 receptor mRNA levels were low or nondetectable in cultured human GL cells suggesting that these transcripts may be under hormonal and/or cytokine regulation in the ovaries in vivo. Indeed, the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) stimulated expression of EP2 and EP4 transcripts in concentration- and time-dependent manner in the GL cells. Furthermore, the transcript for EP2 receptor was localized in the corpus luteum of the mouse ovary by in situ hybridization, and EP2 protein was expressed in human corpus luteum as detected by immunohistochemistry. Our data suggest that IL-1 beta induces expression of EP2 and EP4 receptors in human GL cells, and that EP2 receptor is expressed in both human and murine luteal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Narko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Ristimäki A, Nieminen O, Saukkonen K, Hotakainen K, Nordling S, Haglund C. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Am J Pathol 2001; 158:849-53. [PMID: 11238034 PMCID: PMC1850345 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is elevated in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and that inhibition of Cox-2 activity suppresses bladder cancer in experimental animal models. We have investigated the expression of Cox-2 protein in human TCCs (n = 85), in in situ carcinomas (Tis) of the urinary bladder (n = 17), and in nonneoplastic urinary bladder samples (n = 16) using immunohistochemistry. Cox-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 66% (67 of 102) of the carcinomas, whereas only 25% (4 of 16) of the nonneoplastic samples were positive (P: < 0.005). Cox-2 immunoreactivity localized to neoplastic cells in the carcinoma samples. The rate of positivity was the same in invasive (T1-3; 70%, n = 40) and in noninvasive (Tis and Ta; 65%, n = 62) carcinomas, but noninvasive tumors had a higher frequency (32%) of homogenous pattern of staining (>90% of the tumor cells positive) than the invasive carcinomas (10%) (P: < 0.05). However, several invasive TCCs exhibited the strongest intensity of Cox-2 staining in the invading cells, whereas other parts of the tumor were virtually negative. Finally, strong Cox-2 positivity was also found in nonneoplastic ulcerations (2 of 2) and in inflammatory pseudotumors (2 of 2), in which the immunoreactivity localized to the nonepithelial cells. Taken together, our data suggest that Cox-2 is highly expressed in noninvasive bladder carcinomas, whereas the highest expression of invasive tumors associated with the invading cells, and that Cox-2 may also have a pathophysiological role in nonneoplastic conditions of the urinary bladder, such as ulcerations and inflammatory pseudotumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Erkinheimo TL, Saukkonen K, Narko K, Jalkanen J, Ylikorkala O, Ristimäki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostanoid receptors by human myometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:3468-75. [PMID: 10999850 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.9.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids play an important role in the regulation of parturition. All reproductive tissues, including fetal membranes, decidua, and myometrium, have the capacity to synthesize prostanoids, and fetal membranes have been shown to express elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) at the onset of labor. We have now investigated the expression of Cox-2 in human myometrium. Myometrial samples collected from women in labor during lower segment cesarean section expressed 15-fold higher levels of Cox-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) compared to myometrial specimens collected from women not in labor, as detected by Northern blot analysis. Immunohistochemical detection of Cox-2 protein showed cytoplasmic staining in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Cultured myometrial cells expressed low levels of Cox-2 mRNA under baseline conditions, but interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) caused a 17-fold induction of expression of the Cox-2 transcript after incubation for 6 h. IL-1beta also induced expression of biologically active Cox-2 protein, as detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and measuring the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids in the presence and absence of a Cox-2-selective inhibitor, NS-398. PGE2 receptor subtype EP2 mRNA was expressed in cultured myometrial smooth muscle cells, whereas transcripts for EP1, EP3, EP4, FP, and IP were low or below the detection limit as measured by Northern blot analysis. However, IL-1beta stimulated expression of EP4 receptor mRNA. Our data suggest that expression of Cox-2 transcript is elevated at the onset of labor in myometrial smooth muscle cells, which may depend on induction by cytokines. As, in addition to Cox-2, the expression of prostanoid receptors is regulated, not only the production of prostanoids, but also responsiveness to them, may be modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Erkinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Wolff H, Saukkonen K, Anttila S, Karjalainen A, Vainio H, Ristimäki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung carcinoma. Cancer Res 1998; 58:4997-5001. [PMID: 9823297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that the use of aspirin decreases incidence of and mortality from gastrointestinal cancers. A major target of aspirin and other nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs is cyclooxygenase (Cox), the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. Two Cox genes have been cloned (Cox-1 and Cox-2), of which Cox-2 has recently been found to be expressed in several human carcinomas. We have now studied the expression of Cox-2 mRNA and protein in human lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer. Cox-2 mRNA steady-state levels were high in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma samples, but low in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer, as detected by Northern blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry showed Cox-2 staining in 19 of 21 adenocarcinomas. However, well-differentiated adenocarcinomas contained more Cox-2 staining than the poorly differentiated ones. Expression of the Cox-2 protein was also seen in all 11 squamous cell carcinomas studied, although the level of staining seemed to be less than that in the adenocarcinomas. Small cell lung cancer specimens (n = 4) stained with a relatively weak intensity. Interestingly, atypical alveolar epithelium, which associates with asbestosis and idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis and is considered to be a precursor lesion for lung cancer, expressed the Cox-2 protein. Our data, thus, suggest that Cox-2 is expressed in human lung carcinomas and in precursor lesions leading to this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Saukkonen K, Garland R, Koziel H. Aerosolized pentamidine as alternative primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult hepatic and renal transplant recipients. Chest 1996; 109:1250-5. [PMID: 8625676 DOI: 10.1378/chest.109.5.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as alternative primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in adult liver and kidney transplant recipients. DESIGN Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING Tertiary care urban teaching hospital with active liver and kidney transplant programs. PATIENTS Adult liver and kidney transplant recipients intolerant of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) therapy and referred to the AP clinic between June 1991 and December 1994. INTERVENTIONS Each patient received monthly AP, 300 mg, delivered by a nebulizer (Respirgard-II), preceded by inhaled albuterol, 180 micrograms. During the period of follow-up, information related to side effects of AP and incidence of PCP was recorded. RESULTS A total of 35 patients were identified, 18 liver and 17 kidney transplant recipients. Fourteen patients received AP as initial prophylaxis because of prior sensitivity to TMP-SMX. In another 19 patients, initial TMP-SMX therapy was discontinued for leukopenia (5), elevated liver function test values (4), rash (3), nausea (2), renal failure (2), seizure (2), and thrombocytopenia (1). In addition, two patients received AP in the setting of organ rejection. Liver transplant recipients received AP for an average of 4.28 +/- 1.6 months, and renal transplant recipients received AP for an average of 5.71 +/- 4.3 months. Adverse effects of AP included bronchospasm (two), dyspnea (one), cough (one), and nausea (one). AP therapy was discontinued in only one patient due to severe bronchospasm. There were no cases of PCP in the 35 patients receiving AP. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that AP is well tolerated and may be an effective alternative for PCP prophylaxis in adult liver and kidney transplant recipients intolerant to TMP-SMX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- Department of Medicine, Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is bound to glycoconjugates on human cilia and macrophages by multiple adhesins, including pertussis toxin. The cellular recognition properties of the B oligomer of pertussis toxin were characterized and the location and structural requirements of the recognition domains were identified by site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant pertussis toxin subunits. Differential recognition of cilia and macrophages, respectively, was localized to subunits S2 and S3 of the B oligomer. Despite greater than 80% sequence homology between these subunits, ciliary lactosylceramide exclusively recognized S2 and leukocytic gangliosides bound only S3. Substitution at residue 44, 45, 50, or 51 in S2 resulted in a shift of carbohydrate recognition from lactosylceramide to gangliosides. Mutational exchange of amino acid residues 37-52 between S2 and S3 interchanged their carbohydrate and target cell specificity. Comparison of these carbohydrate recognition sequences to those of plant and animal lectins revealed that regions essential for function of the prokaryotic lectins were strongly related to a subset of eukaryotic carbohydrate recognition domains of the C type.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- Laboratory of Molecular Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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15
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Saukkonen K, Cabellos C, Burroughs M, Prasad S, Tuomanen E. Integrin-mediated localization of Bordetella pertussis within macrophages: role in pulmonary colonization. J Exp Med 1991; 173:1143-9. [PMID: 2022924 PMCID: PMC2118842 DOI: 10.1084/jem.173.5.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human respiratory cilia is critical to the pathogenesis of whooping cough but the significance of bacterial attachment to macrophages has not been determined. Adherence to cilia and macrophages is mediated by two large, nonfimbrial bacterial proteins, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertussis toxin (PT). PT and FHA both recognize carbohydrates on cilia and macrophages; FHA also contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence which promotes bacterial association with the macrophage integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3). We determined that virulent B. pertussis enter and survive in mammalian macrophages in vitro and that CR3 is important for this uptake process. We then determined the relative contribution of CR3 versus carbohydrate-dependent interactions to in vivo pulmonary colonization using a rabbit model. B. pertussis colonized the lung as two approximately equal populations, one extracellular population attached to ciliary and macrophage surface glycoconjugates and another population within pulmonary macrophages. Loss of the CR3 interaction, either by mutation of FHA or treatment with antibody to CR3, disrupted accumulation of viable intracellular bacteria but did not prevent lung pathology. In contrast, elimination of carbohydrate-bound bacteria, either by a competitive receptor analogue or an anti-receptor antibody, was sufficient to prevent pulmonary edema. We propose that CR3-dependent localization of B. pertussis within macrophages promotes persistence of bacteria in the lung without pulmonary injury. On the other hand, the presence of extracellular bacteria adherent to cilia and macrophages in carbohydrate-dependent interactions is associated with pulmonary pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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Relman D, Tuomanen E, Falkow S, Golenbock DT, Saukkonen K, Wright SD. Recognition of a bacterial adhesion by an integrin: macrophage CR3 (alpha M beta 2, CD11b/CD18) binds filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis. Cell 1990; 61:1375-82. [PMID: 2364431 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90701-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During the course of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis interacts with alveolar macrophages and other leukocytes on the respiratory epithelium. We report here mechanisms by which these bacteria adhere to human macrophages in vitro. Whole bacteria adhere by means of two proteins, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin, either of which is sufficient to mediate adherence. FHA interacts with two classes of molecules on macrophages, galactose-containing glycoconjugates and the integrin CR3 (alpha M beta 2, CD11b/CD18). The interaction between CR3 and FHA involves recognition of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence at positions 1097-1099 in FHA. This study demonstrates that bacterial adherence can be based on the interaction of a bacterial adhesin RGD sequence with an integrin and that bacterial adhesins can have multiple binding sites characteristic of eukaryotic extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, California 94305
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17
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Saukkonen K, Sande S, Cioffe C, Wolpe S, Sherry B, Cerami A, Tuomanen E. The role of cytokines in the generation of inflammation and tissue damage in experimental gram-positive meningitis. J Exp Med 1990; 171:439-48. [PMID: 2406363 PMCID: PMC2187712 DOI: 10.1084/jem.171.2.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines mediate many host responses to bacterial infections. We determined the inflammatory activities of five cytokines in the central nervous system: TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). Using a rabbit model of meningeal inflammation, each cytokine (except IL-1 beta) induced enhanced blood brain barrier permeability, leukocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid, and brain edema. Homologous antibodies to each mediator inhibited leukocytosis and brain edema, and moderately decreased blood brain barrier permeability. In rabbits treated with anti-CD-18 antibody to render neutrophils dysfunctional for adhesion, each cytokine studied lost the ability to cause leukocytosis and brain edema. After intracisternal challenge with pneumococci, antibodies to TNF or IL-1 prevented inflammation, while anti-MIP-1 or anti-MIP-2 caused only a 2-h delay in the onset of inflammation. We suggest these cytokines have multiple inflammatory activities in the central nervous system and contribute to tissue damage during pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomasz
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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Tuomanen EI, Saukkonen K, Sande S, Cioffe C, Wright SD. Reduction of inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality in bacterial meningitis in rabbits treated with monoclonal antibodies against adhesion-promoting receptors of leukocytes. J Exp Med 1989; 170:959-69. [PMID: 2570120 PMCID: PMC2189454 DOI: 10.1084/jem.170.3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested if specific inhibition of recruitment of leukocytes across the blood brain barrier from the vascular compartment to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space reduced tissue damage and improved the outcome of infection in a rabbit model of experimental meningitis. The CD11/CD18 complex of receptors on leukocytes promotes adhesion of these cells to endothelia, a process required for egress of cells into the extravascular space. Intravenous injection of the anti-CD18 mAb IB4 effectively blocked the development of leukocytosis in the CSF of animals challenged intracisternally with living bacteria, bacterial endotoxin, or bacterial cell wall. This effect was associated with protection from blood brain barrier injury as measured by exclusion of serum proteins from CSF in mAb-treated animals. The densities of bacteria in CSF and the degrees of bacterial killing due to ampicillin were not affected by the antibody. Animals receiving the antibody experienced a delay in the development of bacteremia and a significantly reduced inflammatory response during ampicillin-induced bacterial killing. Therapy with mAb IB4 prevented development of brain edema and death in animals challenged with lethal doses of Streptococcus pneumoniae. These studies indicate that the major mechanism of leukocyte migration across the blood brain barrier involves the CD11/CD18 receptors and that inflammatory leukocytes recruited by this mechanism are a major cause of blood brain barrier injury and cerebral edema during meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Tuomanen
- Laborotory of Microbiology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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20
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Saukkonen K, Leinonen M, Abdillahi H, Poolman JT. Comparative evaluation of potential components for group B meningococcal vaccine by passive protection in the infant rat and in vitro bactericidal assay. Vaccine 1989; 7:325-8. [PMID: 2510417 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(89)90194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen monoclonal antibodies to one of three main cell surface antigens of Neisseria meningitidis group B were tested for protective efficacy in the infant rat using as challenge seven strains of different class 2/3 protein serotypes, class 1 protein (P1) subtypes and LPS immunotypes. Type-specific protection indicated both by a reduction of bacteraemia and meningitis and survival of the animals was regularly obtained with antibodies to the P1 protein and to LPS. By contrast, only one of seven antibodies to the serotype-specific class 2/3 protein was protective, even though four of them were highly bactericidal. The animal protection test and in vitro bactericidal assay were otherwise concordant. These data form important guidelines for the design of vaccines to prevent group B meningococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Lento PH, Saukkonen K, Aoki N, Lefer AM, Slivjak MJ, Smith EF. Beneficial effects of a specific leukotriene receptor antagonist in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 165:241-9. [PMID: 2550251 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a new potent peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist, SK&F 104353, in splanchnic artery occlusion shock. SK&F 104353 was administered as a 1 mg/kg initial bolus followed by an infusion of 3 mg/kg per h for the entire 2 h post-reperfusion observation period. In a group of conscious rats, this dose of SK&F 104353 shifted the LTD4 dose response curve rightward 10-fold, indicating effective antagonism of peptidoleukotriene responses in the rat. Anesthetized rats subjected to splanchnic artery occlusion shock survived an average of only 98 +/- 8 min whereas all animals receiving SK&F 104353 survived the 2 h reperfusion period (P less than 0.02 from vehicle). Therefore, the survival rate of the splanchnic artery occlusion shock group of rats receiving SK&F 104353 was improved to 100% compared with 50% survival for the vehicle-treated splanchnic artery occlusion shock group (P less than 0.025). In the splanchnic artery occlusion shock + SK&F 104353 group the increase in the plasma activities of the lysosomal hydrolase, cathepsin D, and the cardiotoxic peptide, myocardial depressant factor, were significantly attenuated in comparison to the splanchnic artery occlusion shock + vehicle group (P less than 0.025). These data indicate that the peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist, SK&F 104353 is beneficial in splanchnic artery occlusion shock, and furthermore suggests that it may be a therapeutically useful agent in bowel ischemic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lento
- Department of Physiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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22
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Saukkonen K, Leinonen M, Käyhty H, Abdillahi H, Poolman JT. Monoclonal antibodies to the rough lipopolysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis protect infant rats from meningococcal infection. J Infect Dis 1988; 158:209-12. [PMID: 3134492 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/158.1.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Experimental infection of the infant rat could be established with intraperitoneal challenge with strains of all three meningococcal groups A, B, and C tested. 5-day-old rats were challenged with 3 different doses (10(2), 10(4), and 10(6) bacteria/animal) and the development of peritonitis, bacteraemia and meningitis detected as a function of time at 3, 6, and 9 h. Mortality was followed up to 24 h. Group B strains caused a rapidly developing and sustained high level bacteraemia and meningitis with all challenge doses. Bacteraemia and meningitis following challenge with MenA and MenC were of somewhat shorter duration and reached lower peak levels. Repeated 'rat passages' of meningococcal strains that had been kept stored for long periods markedly increased their virulence. This study shows that the infant rat model can be applied for studying pathogenesis of meningococcal bacteraemia and meningitis. Previous work from this laboratory has shown it to be suited also for studying antibody-mediated protection from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Saukkonen K, Abdillahi H, Poolman JT, Leinonen M. Protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to class 1 and class 3 outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.16 in infant rat infection model: new prospects for vaccine development. Microb Pathog 1987; 3:261-7. [PMID: 3143885 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(87)90059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to class 1 and class 3 outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.16 was tested in an infant rat infection model. Four monoclonal antibodies to class 1 protein had bactericidal titres exceeding 20,000 and they protected infant rats completely against bacterial challenge with meningococci carrying the same class 1 protein, P1.16. One monoclonal antibody to class 3 protein was highly bactericidal (titer greater than 20,000), whereas two others had no bactericidal activity. All these antibodies gave some protection from infection, resulting in mortalities varying from 66 to 83% as compared to 100% in control rats who had received either unrelated monoclonal antibody or saline. These results strongly speak for class 1 outer membrane protein as a vaccine candidate for meningococcus group B.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Saukkonen K, Haltia M, Frosch M, Bitter-Süerman D, Leinonen M. Antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B or E. coli K1 bind to the brains of infant rats in vitro but not in vivo. Microb Pathog 1986; 1:101-5. [PMID: 3150023 DOI: 10.1016/0882-4010(86)90036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The binding of monoclonal and polyclonal IgG antibodies specific to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B and E. coli K1 was tested to the cross-reacting polysialosyl structures previously shown to be present in the brain of infant rats (Lancet 1983; ii: 355-7). Strong immunofluorescence was obtained after in vitro incubation of the brains of 1 to 13 days old rats with the antibodies whereas the brains of adult rats remained negative. The number of antibody-binding structures decreased as a function of age, being highest at the age of 1 to 5 days. However, when the same antibodies were injected intraperitoneally into the infant rat, or into the mother rat 2 days before parturition, no binding of antibodies to the infant rat brain tissue was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saukkonen
- Medical Council, Academy of Finland, Helsinki
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Syrjälä H, Herva E, Ilonen J, Saukkonen K, Salminen A. A whole-blood lymphocyte stimulation test for the diagnosis of human tularemia. J Infect Dis 1984; 150:912-5. [PMID: 6501932 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/150.6.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A whole-blood lymphocyte stimulation test was used in the diagnosis of 200 cases of tularemia. Ninety-one of the patients involved had ulceroglandular infection, 81 had pulmonary infection, 13 had glandular infection, four had oropharyngeal infection, and one had oculoglandular infection. The clinical picture was obscure in the remaining 10 cases. Results of the lymphocyte stimulation test became positive in 21.3% of cases during the first week, when an agglutinating titer of greater than or equal to 1:80 was found in 2.1% of patients. During the second week, these proportions were 96.8% and 53.3%, respectively. In only one patient with tularemia (0.5%) did the stimulation test result remain negative, and only one (0.5%) of the 211 control patients had a positive result in the first test. The development of cell-mediated immunity followed the same pattern in patients with ulceroglandular tularemia as in those with pulmonary tularemia.
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