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Shiomi M, Takada T, Otori K, Shibuya K. Frequency of missed doses and its effects on the regulation of glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37711. [PMID: 38608082 PMCID: PMC11018172 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between medication adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for more than 48 weeks, as well as the factors affecting long-term adherence to OHAs. This retrospective study included 83 patients who had been receiving OHAs for T2DM for ≥48 weeks. Medication adherence values (MAVs) were calculated using the following formula: (total prescription days - prescription days of OHAs brought at admission)/(days from the initiation of OHAs to hospitalization). We assessed the association between HbA1c and MAVs using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Furthermore, we examined the association between patient- and medication-related factors and MAVs affecting HbA1c levels. Based on the results, MAVs were categorized as MAV ≤0.86 and MAV >0.86, and factors affecting MAVs were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the total number of medications, the number of nonhypoglycemic agents, and a family history of diabetes were independent determinants of MAV ≤0.86 (P < .05). Multiple regression analyses indicated that the number of dosages per day and the timing of OHA administration at lunch were independent determinants of lower MAVs (P < .05). Our findings suggest that poor medication adherence is associated with elevated HbA1c levels in T2DM patients. Independent factors contributing to poor adherence include a lower number of prescribed medications, fewer nonhypoglycemic agents, no family history, a higher daily dosage frequency, and the administration of OHAs at lunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Shiomi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Tesshu Takada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
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Inano H, Morimoto Y, Kitagawa K, Shibuya A, Nakagomi K, Ota T, Anzo Y, Miyauchi R, Shono A, Watanabe K, Otori K. Comparing the Efficacy of Fosnetupitant, an NK 1 Receptor Antagonist in CDDP-Based Regimens, with That of Fosaprepitant and Aprepitant: A Retrospective Observational Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:692-697. [PMID: 38417893 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Existing antiemetic therapy against emetic-risk agents across malignancies 24 h post-dose in the acute period in cisplatin (CDDP)-based regimens yields a satisfactory complete response (CR) rate of ≥90%. However, the control rate after 24 h in the delayed period is unsatisfactory. This study compared the efficacy of fosnetupitant (F-NTP), a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, with that of fosaprepitant (F-APR) and aprepitant (APR) in the treatment of patients with cancer at high emetic risk due to chemotherapy. In this retrospective case-control study involving patients receiving cisplatin-containing regimens and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists, patients were divided into three groups based on prophylactic antiemetic therapy: F-NTP, F-APR, and APR. The CR rate was evaluated for each period up to 168 h and further subdivided into acute (0-24 h), delayed (24-120 h), overall (0-120 h), and beyond-delayed (120-168 h) periods. Eighty-eight patients were included in the F-NTP group, 66 in the F-APR group, and 268 in the APR group. The CR rates at 0-168 and 120-168 h after cisplatin administration were significantly higher in the F-NTP group than in the F-APR and APR groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, F-NTP use was an independent factor in the multivariate analysis. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy, including F-NTP, was effective and well-tolerated during the delayed period. The efficacy of F-NTP in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was superior to those of F-APR and APR during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inano
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital
| | - Yoshihito Morimoto
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Akito Shibuya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital
| | | | - Tomohiro Ota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital
| | - Yuri Anzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital
| | - Rika Miyauchi
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Aiko Shono
- Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Regulatory Science, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science I, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
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Ando W, Sogabe M, Ishikawa S, Uematsu T, Furuya H, Yokomori H, Kohgo Y, Otori K, Nakano T, Endo S, Tsubochi H, Okazaki I. Matrix metalloproteinase‑1 and microRNA‑486‑5p in urinary exosomes can be used to detect early lung cancer: A preliminary report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:127. [PMID: 38333640 PMCID: PMC10851336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study describes a novel molecular-genetic method suitable for lung cancer (LC) screening in the work-place and at community health centers. Using urinary-isolated exosomes from 35 patients with LC and 40 healthy volunteers, the expression ratio of MMP-1/CD63, and the relative expression levels of both microRNA (miRNA)-21 and miRNA-486-5p were measured. MMP-1/CD63 expression ratio was significantly higher in patients with LC than in the healthy controls {1.342 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.890-1.974] vs. 0.600 (0.490-0.900); P<0.0001}. The relative expression of miRNA-486-5p in male healthy controls was significantly different from that in female healthy controls, whereas there was no significant difference in miRNA-21. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of MMP-1/CD63 showed 92.5% sensitivity and 54.3% specificity, whereas miRNA-486-5p showed 85% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity for men, and 70.0% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity for women. The logistic regression model used to evaluate the association of LC with the combination of MMP-1/CD63 and miRNA-486-5p revealed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.954 (95% CI: 0.908-1.000), and the model had 89% sensitivity and 88% specificity after adjusting for age, sex and smoking status. These data suggested that the combined analysis of MMP-1/CD63 and miRNA-486-5p in urinary exosomes may be used to detect patients with early-stage LC in the work-place and at community health centers, although confirmational studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaya Sogabe
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-0834, Japan
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Shigemi Ishikawa
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuya
- Basic Clinical Science and Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Endo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-0834, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Tsubochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Health and Welfare, Higashi Nippon International University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8023, Japan
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Akamine A, Nagasaki Y, Tomizawa A, Otori K. Risk Factors for Non-Adherence to Pharmacist or Non-Pharmacist Explanations on Preoperative Medication Discontinuation: A Retrospective Japanese Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:255-266. [PMID: 38313826 PMCID: PMC10838503 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s445474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The risk factors for non-adherence to pharmacist or non-pharmacist explanations of preoperative medication discontinuation are unknown. The primary outcome of this study was to determine whether the final explainer's occupation was a risk factor for non-adherence. The secondary outcomes were to determine the risk factors for non-adherence after limiting the departments or adjusting for age. Patients and Methods We retrospectively examined the data (including patient age, sex, prescription medications, comorbidities, presence of roommate, and number of days between receiving explanation and surgery) of 1132 patients on medications that could affect surgery at a Japanese university hospital between April 1, 2017, and March 31, 2020. The primary endpoint was whether the occupation of the last person explaining medication discontinuation to the patient was an independent risk factor for non-adherence (age ≥65 years vs <65 years). Secondary endpoints included subgroup analyses in urological, gastrointestinal, and otolaryngological areas, as well as a sensitivity analysis (age as a continuous variable) to confirm the validity of the primary endpoint results. A multivariate binary logistic regression identified independent non-adherence risk factors. Results The main analysis showed that discontinuing two or more medications was a risk factor for non-adherence (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-2.47; p = 0.01). However, in analyses coordinated by department (urological, gastrointestinal, and otolaryngological), ≥65 (versus <65) years of age was determined as a risk factor for increased nonadherence (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.11-4.63; p=0.024). Age-adjusted analysis (continuous variables) showed similar results to the primary endpoint (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14-2.49, p = 0.009). Conclusion Two or more medications, and not the final explainer's occupation, were associated with pre-surgery medication non-adherence. To prevent non-adherence, pharmacists and non-pharmacists should educate patients about preoperative medication discontinuation. These findings could help identify high-risk non-adherence patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuya Nagasaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomizawa A, Maruhashi T, Shibuya A, Akamine A, Kuroiwa M, Kataoka Y, Asari Y, Atsuda K, Otori K. Efficacy of the bleeding risk scoring system for optimal prophylactic anticoagulation therapy of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients: a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 38111026 PMCID: PMC10729339 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-023-00319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a bleeding risk scoring system (BRSS) using prophylactic anticoagulation therapy to comprehensively assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in trauma patients. This study evaluated the usefulness of this system in trauma patients, with a focus on minimizing the rate of bleeding events associated with prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of BRSS in trauma patients who received prophylactic anticoagulation therapy for VTE at the Kitasato University Hospital Emergency and Critical Care Center between April 1, 2015, and August 31, 2020. To compare the incidence of bleeding events, patients were divided into two groups: one group using the BRSS (BRSS group) and another group not using the BRSS (non-BRSS group). RESULTS A total of 94 patients were enrolled in this study, with 70 and 24 patients assigned to the non-BRSS and BRSS groups, respectively. The major bleeding event rates were not significantly different between the two groups (BRSS group, 4.2%; non-BRSS group, 5.7%; p = 1.000). However, minor bleeding events were significantly reduced in the BRSS group (4.2% vs.27.1%; p = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BRSS was not an independent influencing factor of major bleeding events (odds ratio, 0.660; 95% confidence interval: 0.067-6.47; p = 0.721). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BRSS was an independent influencing factor of minor bleeding events (odds ratio, 0.119; 95% confidence interval: 0.015-0.97; p = 0.047). The incidence of VTE did not differ significantly between groups (BRSS group, 4.2%; non-BRSS group, 8.6%; p = 0.674). CONCLUSIONS BRSS may be a useful tool for reducing the incidence of minor bleeding events during the initial prophylactic anticoagulation therapy in trauma patients. There are several limitations of this study that need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tomizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-koi, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Maruhashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akito Shibuya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-koi, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akihiko Akamine
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-koi, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kataoka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yasushi Asari
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-koi, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-koi, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Komatsu T, Naito A, Akamada Y, Nihonyanagi S, Otori K. Association between ratio of area under the concentration-time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin and clinical outcomes in Enterococcus faecium bacteremia. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:1181-1184. [PMID: 37524202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the treatment resolution of Enterococcus faecium bacteremia and the pharmacodynamic targets of vancomycin. This is a retrospective single-center cohort study involving patients with E. faecium bacteremia on vancomycin therapy hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2021. The average vancomycin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)0 -24 was computed using the Bayesian approach. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth microdilution method, and The AUC24/MIC value over the initial 24-48 h of therapy was calculated. We assessed 30-day mortality, as the primary outcome. Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) was used to identify the vancomycin AUC24/MIC target associated with 30-day mortality. Eighty-seven patients with E. faecium bacteremia were included in this study, with 14 (16.1%) being non-survivors. In the CART analysis, vancomycin AUC/MIC ≥414.3 was associated with a higher treatment success. In multivariate analysis, an AUC/MIC ≥414.3 was a significant factor for treatment success (adjusted odds ratio = 17.5, 95% confidence interval, 3.7-83.9). Our findings suggest that a target vancomycin AUC/MIC ≥414.3 is a good prognostic indicator and could be useful for treatment monitoring of E. faecium bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Komatsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
| | - Ayama Naito
- Pharmacy Practice and Science I, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
| | - Yuto Akamada
- Pharmacy Practice and Science I, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
| | - Shin Nihonyanagi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan; Pharmacy Practice and Science I, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
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Fukawa T, Mohri J, Inano H, Atsuda K, Otori K. Investigating effective methods of clinical pharmacy training on oncology for community pharmacists: An observational study. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023:10781552231200427. [PMID: 37697894 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kitasato University Hospital offers a training course for community pharmacists that focus on advanced pharmacy management care in outpatient cancer chemotherapy. The objective of this training program is to facilitate the transition from general to oncology certification for community pharmacists with limited experience in outpatient oncology to support the acquisition of an oncology specialty. AIM To evaluate the relationship between the changes in awareness, knowledge, and self-assessment that advanced pharmacy management care traineeship in an outpatient oncology unit for community pharmacists brings to trainees and the duration of training. METHODS A quantitative text analysis was conducted of the daily training reports of six community pharmacists who had participated previously in the training course and had received in-service training in oncology for at least 30 days. The pre- and post-training results of the knowledge tests and self-assessments of confidence, understanding, and performance were compared. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kitasato Institute Hospital in October 2019 (Study No. 19044). RESULTS The terms Prescription, Recommendation were extracted from the daily report after the 21st day of oncology in-service training. Furthermore, factors such as knowledge of cancer pharmacotherapy, confidence in patient education regarding the side effects of chemotherapy, and understanding of the work of pharmacists in outpatient cancer chemotherapy significantly increased at the end of the training. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists with limited experience in outpatient oncology could improve their knowledge, understanding, and awareness of outpatient oncology patient care through 30 days of in-service oncology training in a hospital setting. The issues that emerged included training pharmacists to send follow-up documents on the patients' side effects and medication status as well as developing the literature search environment in community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukawa
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junichi Mohri
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inano
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Katsuya Otori
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
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Jimbo M, Saito S, Uematsu T, Hanaki H, Otori K, Shibuya K, Ando W. Risk analysis of COVID-19 hospitalization and critical care by race and region in the United States: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1489. [PMID: 37542210 PMCID: PMC10401821 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the current risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 severity and examine its association with medication use. METHODS We used data from a large United States electronic health record database to conduct an anonymized cohort study of 171,491 patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to August 27, 2021. Data on age, race, sex, history of diseases, and history of medication prescriptions were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model analysis to calculate hazard ratios for hospitalization and severe risk. RESULTS Factors that increased the risk of hospitalization and critical care were age ≥ 65 years, male sex, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, interstitial pneumonia, and cardiovascular disease. In particular, age ≥ 65 years significantly increased the risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 2.81 [95% confidence interval, 2.58-3.07]; P < 0.001) and critical care (hazard ratio, 3.45 [2.88-4.14]; P < 0.001). In contrast, patients with hyperlipidemia had a reduced risk. However, patients with hyperlipidemia who were not taking statins had a significantly increased risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.24 [1.16-1.34]; P < 0.001). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, glucocorticoids, and statins significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization and critical care. The risk of hospitalization and critical care increased in patients of all ethnicities with type 2 diabetes. The factors that significantly increased the risk of hospitalization in all regions were older age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION This study identified factors that increase or reduce the risk of severe coronavirus disease. The provision of appropriate drug treatment and modification of lifestyle-related risk factors may reduce coronavirus disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Jimbo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto City, Saitama, Japan.
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Ando W, Horii T, Jimbo M, Uematsu T, Atsuda K, Hanaki H, Otori K. Smoking cessation in the elderly as a sign of susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19 reinfection in the United States. Front Public Health 2022; 10:985494. [PMID: 36504971 PMCID: PMC9733529 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.985494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to clarify the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection and basic disease and smoking status. Methods The electronic health records of 165,320 patients with COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, to August 27, 2021, were analyzed. Data on age, race, sex, smoking status (never, current, former), and basic disease were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results In total, 6,133 patients (3.7%) were reinfected. The overall reinfection rate for never, current, and former smokers was 4.2, 3.5, and 5.7%, respectively. Although the risk of reinfection was highest among former smokers aged ≥65 years (7.7% [422/5,460]), the reinfection rate among current smokers aged ≥65 years was 6.2% (341/5,543). Among reinfected patients, the number of basic diseases was higher in former smokers (2.41 ± 1.16) than in current (2.28 ± 1.07, P = 0.07) and never smokers (2.07 ± 1.05, P < 0.001). Former smokers who are older may have been exposed to factors that increase their risk of symptomatic COVID-19 reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Shirokane, Japan,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Wataru Ando
| | - Takeshi Horii
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Jimbo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Shirokane, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Shirokane, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Shirokane, Japan,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
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10
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Ishii H, Yokota N, Bando Y, Otori K. [Significant Prolongation of the International Normalized Ratio Associated with COVID-19 Treatment: Possible Drug Interaction with Remdesivir]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1125-1127. [PMID: 36184446 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a pacemaker was admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Before admission, the patient's medications included amiodarone, diltiazem, bisoprolol, atorvastatin, etizolam, and warfarin (WF). After admission, dexamethasone (DXM) and remdesivir (RDV) were initiated for treating COVID-19. The international normalized ratio (INR) on admission was 1.8, which increased to 3.4 on day 5 and to 6.9 on day 10 after admission. Although there have been reports that RDV may occasionally prolong prothrombin time and that the degree of prolongation is often less severe, the mechanism of action has not been elucidated till date. There are reports of prolonged INR when WF is co-administered with RDV and DXM, suggesting that drug interactions may be a potential cause for the prolongation. A similar drug interaction may have potentially occurred in the case reported here. In addition, this case used amiodarone (AMD), and it has been reported that the RDV concentration increases when used in combination with AMD. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cause of INR prolongation. Thus, close monitoring of the patient is recommended when RDV is co-administered with high-risk agents to avoid unnecessary side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norio Yokota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center.,Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Yuki Bando
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Kitasato University Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Hospital.,Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy
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11
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Yoshida W, Saito S, Sako M, Noda M, Kawaguchi S, Arai K, Anzai S, Kubota S, Shibuya K, Machida M, Horino T, Aoki M, Otori K. [Two Cases at Community Pharmacies of Mercaptopurine Removal from a Disk-type Powder-packaging Machine by Wiping It with Water]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:893-900. [PMID: 35908950 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
"Leukerin® powder 10%" containing mercaptopurine (6-MP) is an oral anticancer drug that requires careful handling. As a powder formulation, there are risks of exposure due to scattering during dispensing and possible 6-MP contamination to other drugs due to adhesion to the packaging machine. We previously reported that wiping with an alcohol-containing towel is useful for removing scattered powder after dispensing. However, it is recommended to wipe disk-type powder-packaging machines with water instead of cleaning with the alcohol-containing towel. Hence, we scattered 6-MP powder 100 mg (total amount of 6-MP: 10 mg), and then wiped with water three times using different types of cloth each time. We confirmed that third time wiping cloth did not have any 6-MP. Furthermore, we confirmed that the adhering 6-MP could be removed by wipe-cleaning (water-wiping twice and dry-wiping once) after dispensing 6-MP powder at two pharmacies that routinely dispensed 6-MP powder using a disk-type powder-packaging machine. In addition, we confirmed the adhesion of 6-MP in parts of the machine not cleaned by wipe-cleaning and also in parts that were washed only with water, in both the pharmacies. Based on the above observations, we recommend the following steps for cleaning disk-type powder-packaging machines after dispensing 6-MP powder: (1) wipe-cleaning that includes water-wiping twice and then dry-wiping once, (2) cleaning all areas of the packaging machine, and (3) wipe-cleaning with water before washing with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Sakae Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Kiyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | | | | | - Manahito Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
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12
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Ando W, Kaneko F, Shimamoto S, Igarashi K, Otori K, Yokomori H. Long-term prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma using serum autotaxin levels after antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100660. [PMID: 35007770 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Continuous monitoring for hepatocellular carcinoma is necessary following treatment with direct-acting antivirals in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. We investigated whether the long-term follow-up of serum autotaxin levels could predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who presented to the study center from January 2016 to March 2021. Among the patients who achieved a sustained viral response, the relationship between the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and serum autotaxin levels was assessed before treatment with direct-acting antivirals; at the end of therapy; at 12 and 24 weeks; and at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after treatment. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 139 patients. Thirteen patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma 48 months after treatment. The cut-off serum autotaxin values that predicted hepatocellular carcinoma after 24 weeks were 1.22 (men) and 1.92 (women) mg/L. The area under the curve for serum autotaxin was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.71-0.95) in men and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.99) in women. The positive predictive value of serum autotaxin was 0.208 (95% CI: 0.139-0.248), and the negative predictive value was 0.971 (95% CI: 0.939-0.990). The cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher when serum autotaxin levels were above the cut-off value after 24 weeks (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Serum autotaxin is a candidate biomarker for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma during the long-term follow-up of patients with a sustained viral response following treatment with direct-acting antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama City Hospital, 2460 Mimuro, Midori-ku, Saitama 336-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimamoto
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase-shi, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Koji Igarashi
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase-shi, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto-shi, Saitama 364-8641, Japan
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13
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Ando W, Horii T, Uematsu T, Hanaki H, Atsuda K, Otori K. Impact of overlapping risks of type 2 diabetes and obesity on coronavirus disease severity in the United States. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17968. [PMID: 34504112 PMCID: PMC8429758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of overlapping risk factors on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) severity is unclear. To evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity on COVID-19 severity, we conducted a cohort study with 28,095 anonymized COVID-19 patients using data from the COVID-19 Research Database from January 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020. The mean age was 50.8 ± 17.5 years, and 11,802 (42%) patients were male. Data on age, race, sex, T2D complications, antidiabetic medication prescription, and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obesity) were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models, with hospitalization risk and critical care within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis as the main outcomes. The risk scores were 0–4 for age ≥ 65 years, male sex, T2D, and obesity. Among the participants, 11,294 (61.9%) had obesity, and 4445 (15.8%) had T2D. T2D, obesity, and male sex were significantly associated with COVID-19 hospitalization risk. Regarding hospitalization risk scores, compared with those for hospitalization risk score 0 and critical care risk score 0, hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] were 19.034 [10.470–34.600] and 55.803 [12.761–244.015] (P < 0.001) (P < 0.001), respectively, for risk score 4. Complications from diabetes and obesity increased hospitalization and critical care risks for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Horii
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto City, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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14
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Shiomi M, Kurobuchi M, Tanaka Y, Takada T, Otori K. Pill Counting in the Determination of Factors Affecting Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:1993-2005. [PMID: 34120302 PMCID: PMC8266921 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For medication adherence, pill counting has higher accuracy in objective assessment. However, previous reports have shown that factors such as psychological bias and other people's involvement in managing and helping patients take their medications may influence the outcomes. In Japan, all prescription medicines of patients are checked by medical reconciliation, and a pill count is performed during hospitalization. This study investigated factors affecting the medication adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including patient- and medication-related factors, by pill counting using medical reconciliation in a situation where the patient's psychological bias is low. METHODS This study included 103 patients with T2DM who had been treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) for at least 24 weeks. Patients whose OHAs were managed by another person were excluded. We calculated medication adherence values (MAVs) according to the following formula: MAV = (total prescription days - prescription days of OHAs brought when admitted)/(days from the start of OHAs to hospitalization). The relationship between MAVs and patient- and medication-related factors was analyzed. RESULTS On multiple linear regression analysis of patient-related factors with P < 0.10 in the univariate analysis as explanatory variables, a lower number of chronic diseases (β = 0.017; P < 0.001) and higher number of OHAs (β = - 0.021; P = 0.04) were independent factors for lower MAV. Medication-related factors were not found to be independent factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that poor adherence was independently associated with lower number of chronic diseases and higher number of OHAs in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Shiomi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan.
| | - Momoka Kurobuchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tesshu Takada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
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15
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Aoki M, Naya M, Arima S, Shinohara K, Kato M, Shibuya K, Ohtawa M, Nagamitsu T, Otori K. Mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and magnesium oxide tablets reduces clopidogrel dose administered through a feeding tube. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2021; 7:18. [PMID: 33941283 PMCID: PMC8094535 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-021-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, a mixed suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate and magnesium oxide (MgO) tablets is administered frequently via a feeding tube. However, there is no report on the changes occurring when suspensions of these two drugs are combined, including the effects or potential decrease in dose following tube administration. Thus, the purpose of our study was to investigate the (i) changes caused by mixing clopidogrel bisulfate (ion form) and MgO tablets and (ii) effects on the administered clopidogrel dose after passing through a feeding tube. Methods The molecular structure of clopidogrel generated in a mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and a basic compound, such as sodium bicarbonate or MgO tablet, was determined by 1H-NMR after extraction and purification. The suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet alone and the mixed suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet and MgO tablet were passed through a feeding tube. We compared the yield of the molecular form of clopidogrel from each passed fraction. Results The substance obtained from the mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet and sodium bicarbonate or MgO tablet was identified as the molecular form of clopidogrel, and chemical degradation did not occur under these conditions. In the tube passage test, the yield of clopidogrel (molecular form) from the mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and MgO tablets was lower than that from the suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet alone. Conclusions The mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and MgO tablets caused a considerable reduction in the administered dose passed through the feeding tube. Therefore, it is recommended to administer the suspensions of clopidogrel bisulfate and MgO tablets separately for safe and effective pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahito Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan.
| | - Midori Naya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shiho Arima
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kaori Shinohara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohtawa
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagamitsu
- Department of Synthetic Natural Products Chemistry, Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
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16
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Aoki M, Oda S, Kubota S, Saito S, Yokota N, Shibazaki A, Shibuya K, Sako M, Otori K. [Safe Handling Method for Splitting Azathioprine Tablets]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:125-133. [PMID: 33390439 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressant azathioprine (AZA) is classified as a hazardous drug. AZA contamination during tablet-splitting increases exposure risk. However, there is no study on contamination and exposure during AZA tablet splitting and dispensing. AZA tablet splitting and dispensing methods were classified based on whether tweezers are used during splitting and packaging. In Dispensing Method (1), no tweezers were used in either step. In Dispensing Method (2), no tweezers were used during tablet splitting, but were used during packaging. In Dispensing Method (3), tweezers were used in both steps. After AZA half-tablet split-dispensing, we quantified the adherent AZA removed from the tools, packaging machines, and dispensing counters by three consecutive wipings with water-dampened polypropylene cloths. A large amount of AZA adhered to the gloves used in Dispensing Methods (1) and (2), wherein tablets were placed with gloved hands, compared with Dispensing Method (3), wherein tablets were held with tweezers. Thus, the gloves must be replaced before touching the packaging paper during the final step. After three consecutive wipings, AZA was not detected at most of the sites in the third round. Thus, we recommend that (1) AZA tablet splitting should be performed while wearing gloves, (2) the gloves should be changed before packaging the half tablets, and (3) the tools, packaging machines, and dispensing counters should be wiped twice or thrice with a water-dampened cloth after dispensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahito Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Satsuki Oda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Sakae Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Norio Yokota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | | | - Kiyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | | | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
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17
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Mukai J, Maruyama S, Otori K, Kubota R. [Antidepressant Medication Use and Development of Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database Study]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:591-598. [PMID: 32238642 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the relationship between the use of antidepressants and the onset of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in Japan. We herein explored the possibility of this relationship using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER). The present study included 20 individual antidepressants, consisting of 6 subclasses, which have been approved for use in Japan. We used Standardized MedDRA Queries 20000041 to extract patients who developed hyperglycemia/new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in JADER between April 2004 and September 2016. We calculated reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also calculated odds ratios defined as the ratio of odds of hyperglycemia/NODM to all other adverse drug events (ADEs) by the age cut-off group or sex in the cases of antidepressants. The lower limit of 95%CI of RORs for 13 antidepressants (imipramine, clomipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, amoxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, duloxetine, mirtazapine, and trazodone), which included all subclasses, exceeded 1. Younger age group was associated with hyperglycemia/NODM for 5 antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, maprotiline, duloxetine, and trazodone), and female was associated with the ADEs for trazodone, although these results should be interpreted cautiously. Healthcare personnel need to be aware that the use of antidepressants may lead to hyperglycemia/NODM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Mukai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy (Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy Education) and Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Saki Maruyama
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy (Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy Education) and Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy (Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science IV) and Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Rie Kubota
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy (Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy Education) and Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
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18
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Shiomi M, Tanaka Y, Takada T, Otori K. Determining whether the effect of liraglutide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease depends on reductions in the body mass index. JGH Open 2020; 4:995-1001. [PMID: 33102775 PMCID: PMC7578289 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) initially presents as steatosis, which can progress to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and often presents clinically alongside metabolic syndromes. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are regularly utilized to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The GLP‐1 RA—liraglutide—ameliorates liver enzymes, histological features, and liver fat content of patients with NASH. However, few studies have examined whether the effect of GLP‐1 RAs depends on changes in the patient's body mass index (BMI). Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the efficacy of liraglutide depended on the baseline BMI or a reduction in BMI. Methods Fifty‐five Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD who received liraglutide treatment for 24 weeks were assessed. The association between BMI and liver function or fibrosis was evaluated based on the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and fibrosis‐4 indices. Results We found that 24 weeks of liraglutide treatment improved liver function and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD, regardless of BMI changes or obesity status. Conclusions Our findings provide important insight into the impact of BMI on liver function and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD who are treated with liraglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Shiomi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Kitasato University Minato-ku Japan.,Department of Pharmacy Kitasato University Medical Center Saitama Japan
| | - Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Kitasato University Minato-ku Japan
| | - Tesshu Takada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine Kitasato University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Kitasato University Minato-ku Japan.,Department of Pharmacy Kitasato University Medical Center Saitama Japan
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19
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Aoki M, Hamasaki Y, Naya M, Shishikura H, Kato M, Shibuya K, Aoyagi M, Otori K. Evaluation of Measures against Exposure during Administration of Hazardous Drugs through a Feeding Tube. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1823-1829. [PMID: 31685766 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous drugs (HD), which need to be handled with care, may be administered through a feeding tube using the simple suspension method. However, instrument contamination during HD administration with the simple suspension method remains unclear. Therefore, to minimize such contamination during the simple suspension method using an injector, we propose the following exposure countermeasures method: (1) Wear two layers of gloves. (2) Prepare injectors for administration and flushing. (3) Use caps. (4) Replace outer gloves after the removal of tablets from the press-through package (PTP) sheet. (5) Handle drugs on a tray. (6) Inject while wrapping the connection site between the injector for administration and the tube with gauze. (7) Wrap the connection site between the injector and tube with gauze. (8) Do not point the injector downward. To establish whether these countermeasures method are effective, 16 ward nurses who routinely administer drugs via a feeding tube were enrolled as subjects. By visual evaluation, we compared differences in instrument contamination between a suspension using a medicine cup and administration via a feeding tube (the conventional method) and the exposure countermeasures method. Exposure with the countermeasures method under our instruction was markedly lower than that with the conventional method. Furthermore, after implementing the exposure countermeasures method, most nurses noted that caution and awareness of exposure countermeasures increased. Thus, to minimize exposure, we recommend the implementation of the exposure countermeasures method and increasing knowledge and awareness of measures against exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahito Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Yumi Hamasaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Midori Naya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | | | - Masahiro Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Kiyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Meiko Aoyagi
- Department of Nursing, Kitasato University Medical Center
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center
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20
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Ando W, Imamura Y, Nagashima H, Kondo K, Nakamura K, Otori K. Handling and packaging of medical bags at acute disaster sites under high-temperature conditions. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:158. [PMID: 32178722 PMCID: PMC7077025 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After the large-scale earthquake in 2011, the disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) was made responsible for medical activities during the hyperacute phase of a disaster or accident in Japan. The medicines to be administered at the disaster sites, packaged in medical bags, may be affected by the temperatures there. This study aimed at establishing a method to handle drug bags in high-temperature situations by determining the temperature changes in medical bags subject to high temperatures and examining the effect of opening the bag and using heat-insulating material (HIM) and coolants. RESULTS Closed and semi-opened bags limited the temperature increase in the central part of the bag at both 35 and 40 °C to a greater extent than opened bags. When coolant and HIM were used in closed and semi-opened bags, the internal temperatures were significantly lower than in the opened state at 40 °C. In high-temperature disaster sites, medical bags should be maintained in a semi-opened or closed state using a HIM and coolant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, 364-8501, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yumika Imamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nagashima
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, 364-8501, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kouji Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto, 364-8501, Saitama, Japan
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21
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Ando W, Kikuchi K, Uematsu T, Yokomori H, Takaki T, Sogabe M, Kohgo Y, Otori K, Ishikawa S, Okazaki I. Novel breast cancer screening: combined expression of miR-21 and MMP-1 in urinary exosomes detects 95% of breast cancer without metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13595. [PMID: 31537868 PMCID: PMC6753125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum and tissue miR-21 expression in patients with breast cancer (BC) is a useful biomarker for cancer diagnosis, progression, and treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is also important in breast cancer carcinogenesis. However, miR-21 and MMP-1/CD63 in urine exosomes in these patients have not been examined. Urine samples were collected from patients with BC and 26 healthy females. Urinary exosomes were isolated and confirmed by western blotting with anti-CD63 antibody and electron microscopy observation. MiR-21 and MMP-1/CD63 expression was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Patients with very early stage breast cancer were evaluated. MiR-21 expression in the patients was 0.26 [95% CI: 0.20–0.78], which was significant lower than in the 26 controls (1.00 [95% CI: 1.01–3.37], p = 0.0947). MMP-1/CD63 expression in patients was significantly higher than in controls (1.74 [95% CI: 0.86–5.08] vs 0.535 [95% CI: −0.01–2.81], p = 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.708 and 0.783 for miR-21 and 0.792 and 0.840 for MMP-1/CD63, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of combined expression were 95% and 79%, respectively. The sensitivity of MMP-1/CD63 expression in urinary exosomes was better than that of miR-21 expression. Thus, miR-21 and MMP/CD63 may be useful markers for BC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 8-10-16 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto City, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto City, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masaya Sogabe
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan.,Health Care Center, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shigemi Ishikawa
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan. .,Health Care Center, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi, 329-2763, Japan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 8-10-16 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan.
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22
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Tanaka Y, Inoue A, Mizunuma T, Matsumura H, Yokomori H, Komiyama T, Otori K. Tolerability of Erythrocyte Ribavirin Triphosphate Concentrations Depends on the ITPA Genotype. Ther Drug Monit 2019; 41:497-502. [PMID: 30817703 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribavirin (RBV) is an antiviral drug that is part of the current standard therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). It is enzymatically converted to ribavirin triphosphate (RTP) that inhibits the activity of viral RNA polymerase, thereby preventing viral replication. However, one of its adverse effects includes hemolytic anemia that limits its application. The variant of ITPA (inosine triphosphatase), which dephosphorylates inosine triphosphate to inosine monophosphate, is a protective factor for RBV-induced anemia. RTP is an important metabolite required for ribavirin action. This study evaluated the time-dependent association of RTP concentrations in erythrocytes, RBV-induced toxicity, and virological response to RBV treatment for hepatitis C. METHODS A total of 28 Japanese patients with CHC were treated with RBV/peg-interferon/simeprevir or RBV/sofosbuvir and were genotyped for ITPA variants (rs1127354 and rs7270101). We measured RTP concentrations in erythrocytes in a total of 76 samples collected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks from the initiation of treatment. RESULTS The ITPA rs1127354 variant was found in 7 patients. This was associated with significantly higher RTP concentrations in erythrocytes than in the wild-type patients (P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between RTP concentrations and decline in hemoglobin (Hb) levels from baseline values in ITPA wild type and rs1127354 variant 12 weeks after treatment initiation (P < 0.01; r = -0.618 and -0.967, respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that ITPA genotype and erythrocyte RTP concentrations were major factors associated with reduced Hb levels in RBV therapy for CHC. However, we did not find any association between erythrocyte concentrations and virological response. CONCLUSIONS The increased tolerability to RTP concentrations in erythrocytes in the ITPA variant rs1127354 plays a role in preventing RBV-induced severe anemia in this ITPA variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Akiko Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Tomohiko Mizunuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Haruka Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Komiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
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23
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Shiomi M, Takada T, Tanaka Y, Yajima K, Isomoto A, Sakamoto M, Otori K. Clinical factors associated with the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in type 2 diabetes patients treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:408-417. [PMID: 30033675 PMCID: PMC6400150 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Research has proved a correlation between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and gastrointestinal adverse events. Predominantly, nausea and vomiting are frequent gastrointestinal adverse events that lead to the discontinuation of GLP-1 RAs treatment. The present study aims to investigate clinical factors related to nausea and vomiting, considering diabetic complications and agents affecting the gastrointestinal tract, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with GLP-1 RAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who started receiving GLP-1 RAs therapy. We assessed nausea and vomiting up to 48 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 RAs and used Fine-Gray's proportional hazards model to investigate clinical factors related to nausea and vomiting. RESULTS A total of 130 patients were included in this study. Patients with PPIs or H2RAs showed a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting at 48 weeks than those without PPIs or H2RAs. The multivariate analysis revealed that female sex, retinopathy and treatment with PPIs or H2RAs were statistically significant risk factors for nausea and vomiting. Analysis of patients without PPIs or H2RAs showed that female sex and retinopathy were also statistically significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed a significant correlation of PPIs or H2RAs, female sex, and diabetic retinopathy with nausea and vomiting in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with GLP-1 RAs. Hence, the occurrence of nausea and vomiting in patients with these factors warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Shiomi
- Department of Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyKitasato UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of PharmacyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Tesshu Takada
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyKitasato UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of PharmacyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Keiko Yajima
- Department of PharmacyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Akira Isomoto
- Department of PharmacyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Masaki Sakamoto
- Department of PharmacyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyKitasato UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of PharmacyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
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24
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Tanaka Y, Yokomori H, Otori K. Induction of inosine triphosphatase activity during ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:16-20. [PMID: 29580856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribavirin (RBV) is an antiviral agent and the primary component for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) therapy. Hemolytic anemia is limitation for RBV treatment. Inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) activity has been associated with severity of RBV-induced anemia. However, changes in ITPA activity during CHC therapy are unknown. The aim of this study was to measure the time-dependent change in ITPA activity over the RBV treatment. METHODS Forty-two patients with CHC were evaluated for ITPA activity over the course of RBV treatment. RESULTS The median value of ITPA activity at start of RBV treatment was 134.2 μmol/h/g hemoglobin (Hb; range, 26.3-251.0 μmol/h/g Hb). The ITPA activity values at 4, 8, and 12 weeks during RBV treatment were 143.2, 202.2, and 225.7 μmol/h/g Hb, respectively, and these ITPA values were significantly elevated compared with the start of treatment (p < 0.001). In patients with ITPA variants, patients with anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL) had greater elevated ITPA activities compared with patients without anemia at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that ITPA activities are elevated with RBV therapy, and this elevation may be a risk of anemia in late therapeutic phase in patients that began with low ITPA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Japan
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25
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Ando W, Yokomori H, Tsutsui N, Yamanouchi E, Suzuki Y, Oda M, Inagaki Y, Otori K, Okazaki I. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 level represents disease activity as opposed to fibrosis in patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017; 24:61-76. [PMID: 29151327 PMCID: PMC5875199 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is prevalent in both economically developed and developing countries. Twenty percent of NASH progresses to cirrhosis with/without hepatocellular carcinoma, and there is an urgent need to find biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring progression of the disease. Using immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic examination we previously reported that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) increased in monocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in early stage NASH. The present study investigated whether serum MMP-1 levels reflect disease activity and pharmaceutical effects in NASH patients. Methods We measured the serum levels of MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and several cytokines/chemokines in patients with histologically proven early and advanced stages of NASH and compared them with those in healthy controls. Results Serum MMP-1 levels in stage 1 fibrosis, but not in the more advanced fibrosis stages, were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P=0.019). There was no correlation between serum MMP-1 level and fibrosis stage. Serum MMP- 1 levels in NASH patients represented disease activity estimated by serum aminotransferase values during the follow-up period. In contrast, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMPs did not change with disease activity. Consistent with the finding that MMP-1 is expressed predominantly in monocytes and Kupffer cells, serum levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor were significantly increased in NASH with stage 1 fibrosis. Conclusions These results suggest that serum MMP-1 levels represent disease activity and may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| | - Eigoro Yamanouchi
- Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, NasuShiobara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Medical Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Japan
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26
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Ando W, Yokomori H, Otori K, Oda M. The Apelin Receptor APJ in Hematopoietic Stem Cells/Progenitor Cells in the Early Stage of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:809-811. [PMID: 28811860 PMCID: PMC5544488 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3103w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with or without fibrosis. The apelin receptor (APJ) is related to angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (AGTRL1). The present study aimed to evaluate APJ as an indicator of the pathophysiology of early-stage NASH. Methods APJ expression was evaluated in six tissue samples with histologically proven early-stage NASH using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Results On IHC, in control liver tissue, APJ was mainly localized in the aortic artery, although APJ was detected only slightly in the sinusoids. In early NASH liver tissue, on IEM, APJ was observed mainly at the sites of sinusoidal lining cells around the central vein and periportal regions, and at arterial capillaries in the portal tract. With regard to endothelial cells (ECs), one sample showed a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)/progenitor cell (HPC) partially wrapped with an EC. Conclusion HSCs/HPCs expressing APJ may contribute to the angiogenesis of liver tissue in early-stage NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Oda
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Mukai J, Tsuge Y, Yamada M, Otori K, Atsuda K. Effects of resistant dextrin for weight loss in overweight adults: a systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:15. [PMID: 28515955 PMCID: PMC5434557 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported that resistant dextrin (RD) exerted pleiotropic effects on humans. However, limited information is available on the effects of RD for weight loss. We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis to summarize the available literature and compare the efficacy of RD for weight loss with that of a placebo in overweight adults. METHODS We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, Web of Science, ClincalTrials.gov, and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina (Ichushi-web) for studies from their onset to November 2016, and there was no language restriction. Trials were included if they were RCTs (1) comparing the effects of RD with a placebo in adults (18 years or older), (2) reporting body mass index, and (3) including overweight/obese subjects as defined by the authors of RCTs. The weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Of the 484 studies retrieved, 3 RCTs involving 275 subjects were included in our review. The durations of RCTs ranged between 8 and 12 weeks. All RCTs were conducted in Asian countries. RD significantly improved body mass index [mean difference -0.39 (95% CI -0.57 to -0.21) kg/m2, p < 0.01] and body weight [mean difference -0.81 (95% CI -0.93 to -0.69) kg, p < 0.01] in overweight adults. CONCLUSION Our review suggests that RD exerts beneficial effects for weight loss in overweight adults. More RCTs with different populations and longer follow-ups are needed in order to confirm that supplementation with RD has beneficial effects for weight loss in overweight adults. We consider this review to provide important information for the future submission of food with health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Mukai
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy Education, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641 Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science I, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375 Japan
| | - Michiko Yamada
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy Education, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641 Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy Education, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641 Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Medical Center, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto-shi, Saitama 364-8501 Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science I, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375 Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375 Japan
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28
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Masuda C, Wanibuchi H, Otori K, Wei M, Yamamoto S, Hiroi T, Imaoka S, Funae Y, Fukushima S. Presence of a no-observed effect level for enhancing effects of development of the alpha-isomer of benzene hexachloride (alpha-BHC) on diethylnitrosamine-initiated hepatic foci in rats. Cancer Lett 2001; 163:179-85. [PMID: 11165752 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The dose dependence of the promoting effects of the alpha-isomer of benzene hexachloride (alpha-BHC) on hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in a medium-term rat liver bioassay (Ito test). A total of 195 F344 male rats, 6 weeks old, were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the start of the experiment and subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3. Two weeks after the administration of DEN, alpha-BHC were fed to rats at doses of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 125 and 500 ppm in diet for 6 weeks. All surviving animals were killed at week 8, and their livers were examined immunohistochemically for detection of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, surrogate preneoplastic lesions. Quantitative values for numbers and areas were dose-dependently increased in rats given alpha-BHC at 0.5-500 ppm. However, those for groups treated with 0.01 and 0.1 ppm were decreased, albeit not significantly in comparison to the controls. Cytochrome P450 3A2 (CYP3A2) protein levels and activities showed a good correlation to the number and area of GST-P-positive foci. These results support evidence of hormesis and indicate a no-observed effect level for alpha-BHC promoting potentials may exist regarding rat liver carcinogenesis, which correlates with expression of CYP3A2 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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29
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Kuroyama M, Otori K, Yokota S, Aoto H, Sawada M, Yago K, Fujita T, Kumagai Y. [Effects of an oxacephem antibiotic on liver function in orthopedic surgery]. Jpn J Antibiot 1999; 52:517-23. [PMID: 10516932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The subjects were 531 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery. Flomoxef was administered, and liver function was examined before and after administration. Abnormal liver function after administration of flomoxef was found in 14.3% of patients. In male patients, a high rate of 18.8% was observed. A particularly high rate of 37.0% was obtained among patients who showed GOT values of more than 40 U/L before treatment with flomoxef. The prevalence of abnormal GOT and GPT values after administration of flomoxef was 3.6% and 13.2%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained with other cephem antibiotics. These rates of occurrence of abnormally high GOT and GPT are obviously higher than those submitted at the time of approval and reported in the drug use investigation. The prevalence of abnormal liver function values was high in patients receiving flomoxef, and particularly high in male patients and patients whose GOT was high before administration of flomoxef. Therefore, sufficient check of liver function appears important when administration of flomoxef to these types of patients is intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuroyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a cell cycle regulator which is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. We examined overexpression of cyclin D1 in several stages of rat colorectal carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) treatment. The level of cyclin D1 in 13 aberrant crypt foci (ACF) (atypical hyperplasias), 22 colorectal tumors (14 non-invasive adenocarcinomas and eight invasive adenocarcinomas) was assessed by immunostaining using a polyclonal antibody. Cell proliferation of these samples was investigated by measurement of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeling index. Indices of cyclin D1-positive cells in adenocarcinomas and atypical hyperplasias were significantly higher than that in normal crypts (P < 0.05). Moreover, cyclin D1-positive rates in the two types of adenocarcinomas were significantly higher than that in atypical hyperplasias (P < 0.05). Staining of nuclear cyclin D1 was very strong in almost all adenocarcinomas and four ACF. Comparisons of BrdU-positive indices in colorectal lesions showed similar results to the cyclin D1-positive indices. These results suggested that overexpession of cyclin D1 occurs early in the multistep carcinogenesis, and plays an important role in rat colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center, Research Institute East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Otori K, Masuda C, Wanibuchi H, Nakanishi A, Kawabata K, Ohashi H, Fukushima S. An autopsy report of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following blood transfusion. Osaka City Med J 1999; 45:37-43. [PMID: 10723200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A case of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) associated with blood transfusion in a 71-year-old man is reported. The patient received transfusions (irradiation red cells M.A.P 14 units, fresh frozen plasma 11 units) and developed features of GVHD including fever, a skin rash, diarrhea, liver dysfunction, hypoplastic bone marrow, and pancytopenia. He died on day 32 posttransfusion. Pathologically, lymphocyte infiltration of skin and liver lesions, degeneration of small bile ducts, crypt cell necrosis in the gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow hypoplasia were observed. Immunohistochemically, infiltrating lymphocytes were CD8+ T type, the result suggesting that they role a part in posttransfusion GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- First Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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32
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Otori K, Konishi M, Sugiyama K, Hasebe T, Shimoda T, Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Mukai K, Fukushima S, Miyaki M, Esumi H. Infrequent somatic mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in aberrant crypt foci of human colon tissue. Cancer 1998. [PMID: 9731892 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980901)83:5<896::aid-cncr14>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors examined somatic mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 84 human aberrant crypt foci (ACF) to determine whether APC gene mutations were involved in the histologic progression of ACF. METHODS Mutation cluster regions of the APC gene were subjected to polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. RESULTS Four kinds of deletion were detected in the mutation cluster regions of APC gene in five ACF. APC mutation was detected in 1 of 18 ACF with Stage I abnormalities (6%). Four of 10 adenomatous ACF (40%) harbored the mutation. There were no mutations in 56 hyperplastic ACF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that APC mutations may be involved initially in only a limited number of adenomas in ACF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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33
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Otori K, Konishi M, Sugiyama K, Hasebe T, Shimoda T, Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Mukai K, Fukushima S, Miyaki M, Esumi H. Infrequent somatic mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in aberrant crypt foci of human colon tissue. Cancer 1998; 83:896-900. [PMID: 9731892 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980901)83:5<896::aid-cncr14>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors examined somatic mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 84 human aberrant crypt foci (ACF) to determine whether APC gene mutations were involved in the histologic progression of ACF. METHODS Mutation cluster regions of the APC gene were subjected to polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. RESULTS Four kinds of deletion were detected in the mutation cluster regions of APC gene in five ACF. APC mutation was detected in 1 of 18 ACF with Stage I abnormalities (6%). Four of 10 adenomatous ACF (40%) harbored the mutation. There were no mutations in 56 hyperplastic ACF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that APC mutations may be involved initially in only a limited number of adenomas in ACF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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34
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Abstract
Somatic mutations of the K-ras oncogene play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. We determined whether rat colon epithelial cells could be transformed by introducing retroviruses carrying the activated human K-ras oncogene alone. Primary epithelial cells from the rat distal colon were infected with retroviruses carrying wild-type and two types of activated K-ras (asp and val at codon 12) cDNAs. Cells infected with the wild-type K-ras virus showed no change in morphology and died within 3 weeks, whereas the activated K-ras virus-infected cells underwent morphological changes within 3 days and continued to proliferate. From these cells, several cell lines were subsequently established. Epithelial cells transformed by activated K-ras formed colonies in soft agar culture and tumors in athymic nude mice. Multiple copies of human K-ras genes and large amounts of K-ras mRNAs and proteins were found in the transformed cells. These data suggest that overexpression of activated K-ras transforms rat colon epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugiyama
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Kashiwa, Chiba
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35
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Takada N, Yano Y, Otori K, Otani S, Nomura S, Kitamura Y, Fukushima S. Expression and localization of ornithine decarboxylase in reversible papillomatosis induced by uracil in rat bladder. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998; 89:377-84. [PMID: 9617342 PMCID: PMC5921823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct mechanical irritation by uracil calculi formed following feeding of 3% uracil in the diet to male rats produces severe papillary hyperplasia (papillomatosis, which is reversible) of bladder epithelium. To evaluate the mechanism of the appearance of uracil-induced papillomatosis, we examined the changes of the enzyme activity and the localization of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), as well as polyamine biosynthesis, and epithelial proliferation, that accompany the sequential bladder epithelial changes following administration and withdrawal of uracil. Moreover, expression of ODC mRNA was investigated using northern blotting and localization of ODC mRNA was demonstrated using in situ hybridization. ODC activity during uracil administration was maintained at a high level compared to that in normal epithelium, but sharply decreased after cessation of uracil treatment. The accumulation of ODC protein was observed in the proliferating bladder epithelium by immunohistochemical examination and western blotting analysis, and even after cessation of treatment, the protein binding to anti-ODC antibody remained mildly elevated. Sequential changes of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the epithelium during the development and disappearance of papillomatosis correlated with ODC activity. ODC mRNA was expressed strongly in the proliferating epithelium in rats treated with uracil and weakly in normal epithelium, in accordance with the location of ODC protein. Consequently, our data demonstrate that cell proliferation in the development of papillomatosis is closely associated with polyamine metabolism, and moreover suggest that ODC activity is up-regulated at a post-translational step.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takada
- First Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School
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36
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Sugiyama K, Oda Y, Otori K, Kato S, Hasebe T, Fujii T, Tajiri H, Esumi H. Induction of aberrant crypt foci and flat-type adenocarcinoma in the colons of dogs by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine and their sequential changes. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:934-40. [PMID: 9414653 PMCID: PMC5921272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1997.tb00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential endoscopic observation of dog colons was performed during colon carcinogenesis. Two beagle dogs were given suppositories containing N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) every day for five months. In month 3, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a putative preneoplastic lesion, were found in the colons of both dogs, but not in an untreated dog. The frequency of ACF increased until month 10, and then decreased. In month 9, very small lesions, less than 1 mm in diameter, which were similar to human early flat tumors, were first noticed. One of these lesions grew to about 7 mm in size without a change in its shape for 10 months. There were more than ten flat-type tumors in the two dogs, but such lesions were not found in the untreated dog. By biopsy, two of the lesions were proved to be well-differentiated adenocarcinomas histologically. Four polypoid lesions were found in one of the carcinogen-treated dogs. Thus, flat-type adenocarcinomas were induced in the dog colon by ENNG, and their development was followed by magnifying endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugiyama
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Kashiwa
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37
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Otori K, Yano Y, Takada N, Lee CC, Hayashi S, Otani S, Fukushima S. Reversibility and apoptosis in rat urinary bladder papillomatosis induced by uracil. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18:1485-9. [PMID: 9276620 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/18.8.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a morphologically and biochemically distinct form of cell death which determines specific patterns of tissue size and shape and balances cell proliferation. In the present study, the sequence of cellular proliferative alterations in urinary bladder epithelium associated with uracil-induced reversible urinary calculi was investigated in male F344 rats. Group 1 consisted of 45 rats, 6 weeks old at commencement of the experiment, which were given a diet containing 3% uracil for 8 weeks and were then returned to basal diet until week 20. Five rats were killed at each of weeks 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 20. Group 2 consisted of 15 rats which were given basal diet for 20 weeks. Five rats were killed at each of weeks 0, 8 and 20. Microscopic, reversible papillomatosis, which showed papillary projections of epithelial proliferation, was seen in the urinary bladder of all rats in group 1 through week 8. No epithelial lesions were apparent in any of rats in group 2. Anti-Le(y)(BM-1/JIMRO)-positive areas of the urinary bladder epithelia were immunohistochemically seen in all rats of group 1 at weeks 2-12. At week 9 the percentage of anti-Le(y)-positive areas reached a maximum. Nick-end labeling stained nuclei of cells in the urinary bladder epithelium were observed in all rats of group 1 at weeks 4-14. At week 10 the labeling index was at a maximum. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- and cyclin D1-positive cells of the urinary bladder epithelium were observed in group 1 at weeks 2, 4 and 8, however, at week 9 there were no PCNA- and cyclin D1-positive cells. In urinary bladder papillomatosis the simultaneous existence of apoptotic cells and proliferating cells was shown by double staining with anti-Le(y) (BM-1/JIMRO) and for PCNA. At week 10 apoptosis, stained by BM-1 and nick-end labeling, occurred extensively in regressing urinary bladder papillomatosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA in regressing papillomatosis at week 9 showed DNA fragmentation. Thus, these results indicate that apoptosis occurs in the process of papilloma regression following withdrawal of uracil treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- First Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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Otori K, Oda Y, Sugiyama K, Hasebe T, Mukai K, Fujii T, Tajiri H, Yoshida S, Fukushima S, Esumi H. High frequency of K-ras mutations in human colorectal hyperplastic polyps. Gut 1997; 40:660-3. [PMID: 9203947 PMCID: PMC1027171 DOI: 10.1136/gut.40.5.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyps are common benign colorectal polyps, and are thought to have little association with malignant tumours in the colorectum. However, several reports suggest that some hyperplastic polyps may develop into colorectal neoplasms. AIM To clarify genetic alterations in colorectal hyperplastic polyps. METHODS Twenty eight colorectal polyps having serrated components were resected from patients endoscopically. The K-ras gene mutations in codons 12 and 13 were analysed by PCR-RFLP. Intranuclear p53 protein was immunostained by the avidin-biotin complex method. RESULTS A mutation of the K-ras gene was detected in nine (47%) of 19 hyperplastic polyps, and five (56%) of nine adenomas. p53 protein nuclear accumulation was detected immunohistochemically in two (22%) of nine adenomas, but not in any of the hyperplastic polyps. CONCLUSION Some hyperplastic polyps may be true neoplastic lesions, and could be precursors of malignant neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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39
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Matsuda T, Imaoka S, Funae Y, Otori K, Fukushima S. Induction of CYP isoenzymes in various organs of rats by 3-methylcholanthrene or beta-naphthoflavone. Cancer Lett 1995; 97:137-43. [PMID: 7497454 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(95)03965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes in various organs of rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) was immunohistochemically and biochemically investigated. Fifteen male F344 rats were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was untreated as a control. On days 3, 4, 13 and 14, group 2 animals received 3-MC (20 mg/kg body wt i.p.) dissolved in corn oil while group 3 animals were given BNF (50 mg/kg body wt i.p.) dissolved in corn oil, at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13 and 14. On days 4 and 14, two or three animals in each group were sacrificed, 15 h after administration of the last test compound. Induction of CYP 1A1, 2C11, 2D1, 2E1, 3A2 and 4A1 in various organs was immunohistochemically examined and the levels of CYP 1A1 protein were measured by Western blotting. 3-MC and BNF induced CYP isoenzymes not only in the liver, but also in the small intestine, large intestine, prostate and seminal vesicles. The results indicate that xenobiotic metabolism can occur in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- First Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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40
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Otori K, Sugiyama K, Hasebe T, Fukushima S, Esumi H. Emergence of adenomatous aberrant crypt foci (ACF) from hyperplastic ACF with concomitant increase in cell proliferation. Cancer Res 1995; 55:4743-6. [PMID: 7585496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon neoplasia in colorectal carcinogenesis, we evaluated 433 ACF, which were collected from the grossly normal mucosa of surgical specimens from 57 patients with colorectal cancer. The ACF ranged in size from 3 to 412 aberrant crypts/focus. Large ACF (> or = 50 crypts/focus) comprised 25% of the total ACF studied. Histopathologically, 65% (67 of 103) of large ACF were diagnosed as hyperplasia, 10% (10 of 103) as adenoma, and 1% (1 of 103) as within normal colorectal mucosa. The remaining 24% (25 of 103) were diagnosed as "stage I abnormality crypts," which were characterized by their extension of the proliferative compartment to the surface of crypts but with no changes in the major site of proliferation, as designated by E. E. Deschner [Pathol. Annu., 18 (Part 1): 205-219, 1983]. Of the 25 stage I abnormality ACF, 7 ACF coexisted with hyperplasia. Of 10 adenomatous ACF, two coexisted with stage I abnormality crypts. A K-ras codon 12 mutation was identified in 85% (93 of 109) of large ACF. The proliferative activity of stage I crypts was significantly higher than that of hyperplastic crypts in the same ACF. These observations suggest that some hyperplastic ACF may develop into adenomatous ACF by way of stage I abnormality ACF with concomitant acquisition of higher proliferative activity through some genetic and/or epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otori
- Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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41
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Yamamoto I, Otori K, Inoki R. Pharmacological studies on antagonists against nicotine-induced convulsions and death. Jpn J Pharmacol 1966; 16:402-15. [PMID: 4382719 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.16.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Kojima S, Iwatsubo K, Kimura H, Otori K. Combination effect of competitive ganglion block agents on the nicotine-induced ganglion blockade in the cat superior cervical ganglion. Jpn J Pharmacol 1965; 15:362-8. [PMID: 4380025 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.15.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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