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Wathen CA, Punchak M, Madsen P, Vaughan K, Buch V, Marcotte PJ. Navigated peel-away sheath assisted placement of fully pre-assembled Ommaya reservoir systems: Technical note. World Neurosurg X 2024; 23:100295. [PMID: 38497062 PMCID: PMC10940792 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Connor A. Wathen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Punchak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Madsen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kerry Vaughan
- Franke Global Neurosurgery Fellow, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vivek Buch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J. Marcotte
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Warsi NM, Yan H, Wong SM, Yau I, Breitbart S, Go C, Gorodetsky C, Fasano A, Kalia SK, Rutka JT, Vaughan K, Ibrahim GM. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Thalamic Local Field Potentials. Neuromodulation 2022; 26:601-606. [PMID: 35840521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antiseizure effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are thought to be mediated by the modulation of afferent thalamocortical circuitry. Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is a mechanism of hierarchical network coordination across multiple spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we leverage local field potential (LFP) recordings from the centromedian (CM) (n = 3) and anterior (ATN) (n = 2) nuclei in five patients with tandem thalamic deep brain stimulation and VNS to study neurophysiological changes in the thalamus in response to VNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bipolar LFP data were recorded from contact pairs spanning target nuclei in VNS "on" and "off" states. RESULTS Active VNS was associated with increased PAC between theta, alpha, and beta phase and gamma amplitude in CM (q < 0.05). Within the ATN, PAC changes also were observed, although these were less robust. In both nuclei, active VNS also modulated interhemispheric bithalamic functional connectivity. CONCLUSIONS We report that VNS is associated with enhanced PAC and coordinated interhemispheric interactions within and between thalamic nuclei, respectively. These findings advance understanding of putative neurophysiological effects of acute VNS and contextualize previous animal and human studies showing distributed cortical synchronization after VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebras M Warsi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Yan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simeon M Wong
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivanna Yau
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Breitbart
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristina Go
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerry Vaughan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Robertson FC, Gnanakumar S, Karekezi C, Vaughan K, Garcia RM, Abou El Ela Bourquin B, Derkaoui Hassani F, Alamri A, Mentri N, Höhne J, Laeke T, Al-Jehani H, Moscote-Salazar LR, Al-Ahmari AN, Samprón N, Stienen MN, Nicolosi F, Fontoura Solla DJ, Adelson PD, Servadei F, Al-Habib A, Esene I, Kolias AG. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Young Neurosurgeons Survey (Part II): Barriers to Professional Development and Service Delivery in Neurosurgery. World Neurosurg X 2020; 8:100084. [PMID: 33103110 PMCID: PMC7573643 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strengthening health systems requires attention to workforce, training needs, and barriers to service delivery. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Young Neurosurgeons Committee survey sought to identify challenges for residents, fellows, and consultants within 10 years of training. METHODS An online survey was distributed to various neurosurgical societies, personal contacts, and social media platforms (April-November 2018). Responses were grouped by World Bank income classification into high-income countries (HICs), upper middle-income countries (UMICs), low-middle-income countries (LMICs), and low-income countries (LICs). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS In total, 953 individuals completed the survey. For service delivery, the limited number of trained neurosurgeons was seen as a barrier for 12.5%, 29.8%, 69.2%, and 23.9% of respondents from HICs, UMICs, LMICs, and LICs, respectively (P < 0.0001). The most reported personal challenge was the lack of opportunities for research (HICs, 34.6%; UMICs, 57.5%; LMICs, 61.6%; and LICs, 61.5%; P = 0.03). Other differences by income class included limited access to advice from experienced/senior colleagues (P < 0.001), neurosurgical journals (P < 0.0001), and textbooks (P = 0.02). Assessing how the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies could best help young neurosurgeons, the most frequent requests (n = 953; 1673 requests) were research (n = 384), education (n = 296), and subspecialty/fellowship training (n = 232). Skills courses and access to cadaver dissection laboratories were also heavily requested. CONCLUSIONS Young neurosurgeons perceived that additional neurosurgeons are needed globally, especially in LICs and LMICs, and primarily requested additional resources for research and subspecialty training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith C. Robertson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sujit Gnanakumar
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Karekezi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Kerry Vaughan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roxanna M. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bilal Abou El Ela Bourquin
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fahd Derkaoui Hassani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alexander Alamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nesrine Mentri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bejaia University Hospital, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Julius Höhne
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hosam Al-Jehani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Nasser Al-Ahmari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolás Samprón
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martin N. Stienen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich & Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Nicolosi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Humanitas University and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - P. David Adelson
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Franco Servadei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Humanitas University and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amro Al-Habib
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ignatius Esene
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Angelos G. Kolias
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gnanakumar S, Abou El Ela Bourquin B, Robertson FC, Solla DJF, Karekezi C, Vaughan K, Garcia RM, Hassani FD, Alamri A, Höhne J, Mentri N, Stienen M, Laeke T, Moscote-Salazar LR, Al-Ahmari AN, Al-Jehani H, Nicolosi F, Samprón N, Adelson PD, Servadei F, Esene IN, Al-Habib A, Kolias AG. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Young Neurosurgeons Survey (Part I): Demographics, Resources, and Education. World Neurosurg X 2020; 8:100083. [PMID: 33103109 PMCID: PMC7573644 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2020.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing a comprehensive and effective neurosurgical service requires adequate numbers of well-trained, resourced, and motivated neurosurgeons. The survey aims to better understand 1) the demographics of young neurosurgeons worldwide; 2) the challenges in training and resources that they face; 3) perceived barriers; and 4) needs for development. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which a widely disseminated online survey (April 2018-November 2019) was used to procure a nonprobabilistic sample from current neurosurgical trainees and those within 10 years of training. Data were grouped by World Bank income classifications and analyzed using χ2 tests because of its categorical nature. RESULTS There were 1294 respondents, with 953 completed responses included in the analysis. Of respondents, 45.2% were from high-income countries (HICs), 23.2% from upper-middle-income countries, 26.8% lower-middle-income countries, and 4.1% from low-income countries. Most respondents (79.8%) were male, a figure more pronounced in lower-income groups. Neuro-oncology was the most popular in HICs and spinal surgery in all other groups. Although access to computed tomography scanning was near universal (98.64%), magnetic resonance imaging access decreased to 66.67% in low-income countries, compared with 98.61% in HICs. Similar patterns were noted with access to operating microscopes, image guidance systems, and high-speed drills. Of respondents, 71.4% had dedicated time for neurosurgical education. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm and quantify disparities in the equipment and training opportunities among young neurosurgeons practicing in different income groups. We hope that this study will act as a guide to further understand these differences and target resources to remedy them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Gnanakumar
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Abou El Ela Bourquin
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Faith C. Robertson
- Department. of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Claire Karekezi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Kerry Vaughan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roxanna M. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fahd Derkaoui Hassani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheikh Zaid International Hospital, Abulcasis International University of Health Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alexander Alamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julius Höhne
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nesrine Mentri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bejaia University Hospital, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Martin Stienen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ahmed Nasser Al-Ahmari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Al-Jehani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federico Nicolosi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Humanitas University and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolás Samprón
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P. David Adelson
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Franco Servadei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Humanitas University and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignatius N. Esene
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Amro Al-Habib
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelos G. Kolias
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Vaughan K, Haddock G. Assessing the links among mindfulness, attentional control, and eating behaviour. Appetite 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clarke DO, Crichlow A, Christmas M, Vaughan K, Mullings S, Neil I, Whyte N. The unusual osteochondroma: A case of snapping scapula syndrome and review of the literature. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:1295-1298. [PMID: 28965995 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Snapping scapula syndrome is a rare condition characterized by crepitus of the scapula on motion of the ipsilateral upper extremity. It may be quite painful and disabling. The majority of cases are due to bursal and muscular disorders. Snapping scapula syndrome secondary to an underlying osteochondroma is an even more infrequent phenomenon. The case presented highlights the unusual post pubertal growth of an osteochondroma of the scapula that progressed to develop a snapping scapular syndrome. Review of the literature revealed less than fifty reported cases of this phenomenon secondary to an underlying osteochondroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - A Crichlow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - M Christmas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - K Vaughan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - S Mullings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - I Neil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - N Whyte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Smith RP, Andres V, Martelli F, Gosling B, Marco-Jimenez F, Vaughan K, Tchorzewska M, Davies R. Maternal vaccination as a Salmonella Typhimurium reduction strategy on pig farms. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:274-285. [PMID: 29024207 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The control of Salmonella in pig production is necessary for public and animal health, and vaccination was evaluated as a strategy to decrease pig prevalence. METHODS AND RESULTS The study examined the efficacy of a live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine, administered to sows on eight commercial farrow-to-finish herds experiencing clinical salmonellosis or Salmonella carriage associated with S. Typhimurium or its monophasic variants. Results of longitudinal Salmonella sampling were compared against eight similarly selected and studied control farms. At the last visit (~14 months after the start of vaccination), when all finishing stock had been born to vaccinated sows, both faecal shedding and environmental prevalence of Salmonella substantially declined on the majority of vaccinated farms in comparison to the controls. A higher proportion of vaccine farms resolved clinical salmonellosis than controls. However, Salmonella counts in positive faeces samples were similar between nonvaccinated and vaccinated herds. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that maternal vaccination is a suitable option for a Salmonella Typhimurium reduction strategy in farrow-to-finish pig herds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Salmonella vaccines have the potential to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs and result in a reduction of human cases attributed to pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Smith
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - V Andres
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - F Martelli
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - B Gosling
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - F Marco-Jimenez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - K Vaughan
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - M Tchorzewska
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - R Davies
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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Burrows T, Skinner J, Joyner MA, Palmieri J, Vaughan K, Gearhardt AN. Food addiction in children: Associations with obesity, parental food addiction and feeding practices. Eat Behav 2017; 26:114-120. [PMID: 28236739 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction research in children is limited, and to date addictive-like eating behaviors within families have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to understand factors associated with addictive-like eating in children. The association between food addiction in children with obesity, parental food addiction, and parental feeding practices (i.e., restriction, pressure to eat, monitoring) was investigated. Parents/primary caregivers (aged≥18years) of children aged 5-12years, recruited and completed an online cross-sectional survey including demographics, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Parents, reporting on themselves and one of their children, were given a food addiction diagnosis and symptom score according to the YFAS predefined criteria. The total sample consisted of 150 parents/primary caregivers (48% male) and 150 children (51% male). Food addiction was found to be 12.0% in parents and 22.7% in children. In children, food addiction was significantly associated with higher child BMI z-scores. Children with higher food addiction symptoms had parents with higher food addiction scores. Parents of FA children reported significantly higher levels of Restriction and Pressure to eat feeding practices, but not Monitoring. Children with elevated YFAS-C scores may be at greater risk for eating-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Skinner
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M A Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Palmieri
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - K Vaughan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Burrows T, Skinner J, Joyner M, Palmieri J, Vaughan K, Gearhardt A. Food addiction in children: Associations with obesity, parental food addiction and feeding practices. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Gosling RJ, Breslin M, Fenner J, Vaughan K, West E, Mawhinney I, Birch C, Davies RH. Anin-vitroinvestigation into the efficacy of disinfectants used in the duck industry againstSalmonella. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:576-81. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1188369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Thawani JP, Ramayya AG, Abdullah KG, Hudgins E, Vaughan K, Piazza M, Madsen PJ, Buch V, Sean Grady M. Resident simulation training in endoscopic endonasal surgery utilizing haptic feedback technology. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 34:112-116. [PMID: 27473019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulated practice may improve resident performance in endoscopic endonasal surgery. Using the NeuroTouch haptic simulation platform, we evaluated resident performance and assessed the effect of simulation training on performance in the operating room. First- (N=3) and second- (N=3) year residents were assessed using six measures of proficiency. Using a visual analog scale, the senior author scored subjects. After the first session, subjects with lower scores were provided with simulation training. A second simulation served as a task-learning control. Residents were evaluated in the operating room over six months by the senior author-who was blinded to the trained/untrained identities-using the same parameters. A nonparametric bootstrap testing method was used for the analysis (Matlab v. 2014a). Simulation training was associated with an increase in performance scores in the operating room averaged over all measures (p=0.0045). This is the first study to evaluate the training utility of an endoscopic endonasal surgical task using a virtual reality haptic simulator. The data suggest that haptic simulation training in endoscopic neurosurgery may contribute to improvements in operative performance. Limitations include a small number of subjects and adjudication bias-although the trained/untrained identity of subjects was blinded. Further study using the proposed methods may better describe the relationship between simulated training and operative performance in endoscopic Neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh P Thawani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
| | - Ashwin G Ramayya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Eric Hudgins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Kerry Vaughan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Matthew Piazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Peter J Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Vivek Buch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - M Sean Grady
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 Silverstein Pavillion - Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
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Bartelsman M, van Rooijen MS, Alba S, Vaughan K, Faber WR, Straetemans M, de Vries HJC. Point-of-care management of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis via Gram-stained smear analysis in male high-risk patients. Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness before and after changing the screening indication at the STI Clinic in Amsterdam. Sex Transm Infect 2015; 91:479-84. [PMID: 25855625 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the effect of changing the point-of-care (POC) testing algorithm of urogenital chlamydia for all male high-risk patients to those with only symptoms with respect to: diagnostic accuracy, loss to follow-up, correctly managed consultations and costs. METHODS Retrospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of Gram-stained urethral smear analysis for the POC management of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Between 2008 and 2009 Gram-stained urethral smear analysis was offered to all men irrespective of symptoms; between 2010 and 2011 only to those with symptoms. The Aptima CT assay was the reference diagnostic test. RESULTS The number of examined Gram-stained smears in the two periods was respectively 7185 (2008-2009 period) and 18,852 (2010-2011 period). The sensitivity of the Gram stain analysis was respectively 83.8% (95% CI 81.2% to 86.1%) and 91.0% (95% CI 89.5% to 92.3%) (p<0.001). The specificity was respectively 74.1% (95% CI 73.0% to 75.2%) and 53.1% (95% CI 51.8% to 54.4%) (p<0.001). The positive predictive value was low in both periods, respectively 31.7% (95% CI 29.8% to 33.6%) and 35.6% (95% CI 34.1% to 37.1%) (p=0.002), whereas the negative predictive value was high, respectively 97.0% (95% CI 96.4% to 97.4%) and 95.4% (95% CI 94.6% to 96.1%) (p=0.002). The loss to follow-up rate between 2008-2009 and 2010-2011 was, respectively, 1.8% (95% CI 1.0% to 2.9%) vs 2.3% (95% CI 1.7% to 3.0%) (p=0.36). There was a small difference in overtreatment, 68.0% (95% CI 66.0% to 69.8%) vs 64.1% (95% CI 62.6% to 65.5%) (p=0.001). The cost per correctly managed consultation was 14.3% lower in the 2010-2011 period (€94.31 vs €80.82). The percentage of delayed treated infections was significantly lower in the 2008-2009 period (10.5%) compared with the 2010-2011 period (22.8%) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS With a high sensitivity in male high-risk patients, the Gram-stained urethral smear is a useful POC test to detect urogenital C. trachomatis. When offered only to men with urogenital symptoms the specificity decreases but the cost per correctly managed consultation is reduced with 14.3% without a significant difference in loss to follow-up but with a significantly higher rate of delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bartelsman
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S van Rooijen
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Research, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Alba
- KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Vaughan
- KIT Health, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W R Faber
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Straetemans
- Department of Research, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J C de Vries
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shepherd SF, McGuire ND, de Lacy Costello BPJ, Ewen RJ, Jayasena DH, Vaughan K, Ahmed I, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM. The use of a gas chromatograph coupled to a metal oxide sensor for rapid assessment of stool samples from irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Breath Res 2014; 8:026001. [PMID: 24674940 PMCID: PMC4871257 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is much clinical interest in the development of a low-cost and reliable test for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), two very distinct diseases that can present with similar symptoms. The assessment of stool samples for the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal diseases is in principle an ideal non-invasive testing method. This paper presents an approach to stool analysis using headspace gas chromatography and a single metal oxide sensor coupled to artificial neural network software. Currently, the system is able to distinguish samples from patients with IBS from patients with IBD with a sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 88% respectively, with an overall mean predictive accuracy of 76%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Shepherd
- Institute of Bio-sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY
| | - N D McGuire
- Institute of Bio-sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY
| | - B P J de Lacy Costello
- Institute of Bio-sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY
| | - R J Ewen
- Institute of Bio-sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY
| | - D H Jayasena
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW
| | - K Vaughan
- Institute of Bio-sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY
| | - I Ahmed
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW
| | - C S Probert
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX
| | - N M Ratcliffe
- Institute of Bio-sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY
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14
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Bartelsman M, Straetemans M, Vaughan K, Alba S, van Rooijen MS, Faber WR, de Vries HJC. Comparison of two Gram stain point-of-care systems for urogenital gonorrhoea among high-risk patients: diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness before and after changing the screening algorithm at an STI clinic in Amsterdam. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 90:358-62. [PMID: 24860102 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare point-of-care (POC) systems in two different periods: (1) before 2010 when all high-risk patients were offered POC management for urogenital gonorrhoea by Gram stain examination; and (2) after 2010 when only those with symptoms were offered Gram stain examination. METHODS Retrospective comparison of a Gram stain POC system to all high-risk patients (2008-2009) with only those with urogenital symptoms (2010-2011) on diagnostic accuracy, loss to follow-up, presumptively and correctly treated infections and diagnostic costs. Culture was the reference diagnostic method. RESULTS In men the sensitivity of the Gram stain was 95.9% (95% CI 93.1% to 97.8%) in 2008-2009 and 95.4% (95% CI 93.7% to 96.8%) in 2010-2011, and in women the sensitivity was 32.0% (95% CI 19.5% to 46.7%) and 23.1% (95% CI 16.1% to 31.3%), respectively. In both periods the overall specificity was high (99.9% (95% CI 99.8% to 100%) and 99.8% (95% CI 99.7% to 99.9%), respectively). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) before and after 2010 were also high: PPV 97.0% (95% CI 94.5% to 98.5%) and 97.7% (95% CI 96.3% to 98.6%), respectively; NPV 99.6% (95% CI 99.4% to 99.7%) and 98.8% (95% CI 98.5% to 99.0%), respectively. There were no differences between the two time periods in loss to follow-up (7.1% vs 7.0%). Offering Gram stains only to symptomatic high-risk patients as opposed to all high-risk patients saved €2.34 per correctly managed consultation (a reduction of 7.7%). CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of the Gram stain is high in men but low in women. When offered only to high-risk patients with urogenital symptoms, the cost per correctly managed consultation is reduced by 7.7% without a significant difference in accuracy and loss to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bartelsman
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Straetemans
- Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Vaughan
- Department of Development Policy and Practice, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Alba
- Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S van Rooijen
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Research, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W R Faber
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J C de Vries
- STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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McGuire ND, Ewen RJ, de Lacy Costello B, Garner CE, Probert CSJ, Vaughan K, Ratcliffe NM. Towards point of care testing for C. difficile infection by volatile profiling, using the combination of a short multi-capillary gas chromatography column with metal oxide sensor detection. Meas Sci Technol 2014; 25:065108. [PMID: 27212803 PMCID: PMC4874467 DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/25/6/065108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid volatile profiling of stool sample headspace was achieved using a combination of short multi-capillary chromatography column (SMCC), highly sensitive heated metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor and artificial neural network (ANN) software. For direct analysis of biological samples this prototype offers alternatives to conventional GC detectors and electronic nose technology. The performance was compared to an identical instrument incorporating a long single capillary column (LSCC). The ability of the prototypes to separate complex mixtures was assessed using gas standards and homogenised in house 'standard' stool samples, with both capable of detecting more than 24 peaks per sample. The elution time was considerably faster with the SMCC resulting in a run time of 10 minutes compared to 30 minutes for the LSCC. The diagnostic potential of the prototypes was assessed using 50 C. difficile positive and 50 negative samples. The prototypes demonstrated similar capability of discriminating between positive and negative samples with sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 80% respectively. C. difficile is an important cause of hospital acquired diarrhoea, with significant morbidity and mortality around the world. A device capable of rapidly diagnosing the disease at the point of care would reduce cases, deaths and financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D McGuire
- Institute of Biosensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R J Ewen
- Institute of Biosensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - B de Lacy Costello
- Institute of Biosensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C E Garner
- Institute of Biosensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C S J Probert
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - N M Ratcliffe
- Institute of Biosensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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16
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Radford J, Howell S, Spoor W, O'Hara C, Vaughan K, Goode V, Hartley R, Davies S, Cowan R, Swerdlow A. The Breast Screening after Radiotherapy Dataset (BARD): a National Initiative to Optimise Screening for Breast cancer in Female Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors in England. Klin Padiatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Bartelsman M, Straetemans M, Vaughan K, Alba S, Rood E, Rooijen MSV, Vries HJCD. P2.031 Gram Stain Microscopy as Syndromic Diagnostic Test to Exclude Urogenital Gonorrhoea in High Risk Women is Less Sensitive When Offered to Symptomatic Patients Only. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bentley CD, Edwards RD, Andrew JE, James SF, Gardner MD, Comley AJ, Vaughan K, Horsfield CJ, Rubery MS, Rothman SD, Daykin S, Masoero SJ, Palmer JB, Meadowcroft AL, Williams BM, Gumbrell ET, Fyrth JD, Brown CRD, Hill MP, Oades K, Wright MJ, Hood BA, Kemshall P. ORION laser target diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D732. [PMID: 23126904 DOI: 10.1063/1.4748850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ORION laser facility is one of the UK's premier laser facilities which became operational at AWE in 2010. Its primary mission is one of stockpile stewardship, ORION will extend the UK's experimental plasma physics capability to the high temperature, high density regime relevant to Atomic Weapons Establishment's (AWE) program. The ORION laser combines ten laser beams operating in the ns regime with two sub ps short pulse chirped pulse amplification beams. This gives the UK a unique combined long pulse/short pulse laser capability which is not only available to AWE personnel but also gives access to our international partners and visiting UK academia. The ORION laser facility is equipped with a comprehensive suite of some 45 diagnostics covering optical, particle, and x-ray diagnostics all able to image the laser target interaction point. This paper focuses on a small selection of these diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Bentley
- Plasma Physics Department, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, England, UK.
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Danguy des Déserts J, Davies RH, Vaughan K, McLaren I, Canning P, Wintrip A, Mueller-Doblies D, Carrique-Mas JJ. A Longitudinal Study of Salmonella Infection in Different Types of Turkey Flocks in Great Britain. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:200-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Vaughan K, Blythe M, Greenbaum J, Zhang Q, Peters B, Doolan DL, Sette A. Meta-analysis of immune epitope data for all Plasmodia: overview and applications for malarial immunobiology and vaccine-related issues. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:78-97. [PMID: 19149776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2008.01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive meta-analysis of more than 500 references, describing nearly 5000 unique B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the Plasmodium genus, and detailing thousands of immunological assays. This is the first inventory of epitope data related to malaria-specific immunology, plasmodial pathogenesis, and vaccine performance. The survey included host and pathogen species distribution of epitopes, the number of antibody vs. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell epitopes, the genomic distribution of recognized epitopes, variance among epitopes from different parasite strains, and the characterization of protective epitopes and of epitopes associated with parasite evasion of the host immune response. The results identify knowledge gaps and areas for further investigation. This information has relevance to issues, such as the identification of epitopes and antigens associated with protective immunity, the design and development of candidate malaria vaccines, and characterization of immune response to strain polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Vaughan K, Sanmus-Vaughan M. The anatomy and physiology of the medical class of 1982a. W INDIAN MED J 2008; 57:621-626. [PMID: 19580243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of medical student outcome have been used to assist in medical manpower planning. There have been no published studies on medical graduates of The University of the West Indies (UWI), This study Investigates the demographic characteristics, professional and social outcomes of the Class of 1982a, twenty-five years after qualification. METHOD Data on demographic characteristics at entry and academic performance during medical school were obtained from UWI administrative records. Data on specialty training, migration and current social status were obtained by interview. Statistical analysis was conducted using simple frequencies, chi-square and t-tests. RESULTS There was an intake of 110 students with 108 completing the course. The mean age at entry was 21.8 +/- 3.0 years; 74.0% were male, Some 80.6% of students were from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados. Only 15.7% were admitted directly from high school. A quarter of students were scholarship awardees, with the majority being from Eastern Caribbean countries (p < 0.001). Female students outperformed male students (p < 0.05), Just over 70% of graduates pursued postgraduate training, the majority in North America. Approximately two-thirds of graduates were practicing in the Caribbean region. Almost all graduates (95.0%) trained in the Caribbean were practicing in the region but less than a thitrd of those trained elsewhere were (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study has provided important information on choice of specialty training, migration and the associated factors twenty-five years ago. The information provided can therefore be used as a base for examining the trends in medical education over time and the factors influencing these trends, allowing for better planning of the manpower needs of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Division of Orthopaedices, Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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25
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Abstract
The authors present a case of disseminated granuloma inguinale with bilateral psoas abscesses. Infection with calymmatobacterium granulomatis is usually localized to the genital organs but rarely may be disseminated. A search of the literature revealed that only two cases of psoas abscesses due to calymmatobacterium granulomatis were previously reported
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Affiliation(s)
- W West
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgery, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
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26
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Fletcher HM, Rattray CA, Hanchard B, Vaughan K, West WM. Disseminated donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) with osteomyelitis of both wrists. W INDIAN MED J 2002; 51:194-6. [PMID: 12501553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Donovanosis is a sexually transmitted infection which presents with genital ulceration and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Rarely, it presents with extra-genital manifestations. We present a case of disseminated donovanosis with cervical ulceration, massive pelvic lymphadenopathy, osteomyelitis of the wrists and septic arthritis of the knees and right elbow. A 23-year-old gravida two presented with wasting, oedema, ascites, bilateral iliac lymphadenopathy, anaemia and a large ulcer of the cervix uteri. Two months later in the outpatient clinic, she was much improved but still had post-coital bleeding and a hyperaemic cervix, suggestive of persistent infection. The course of antibiotics was therefore repeated. Histopathological examination of a specimen from colposcopic biopsy of the cervix uteri revealed granuloma inguinale. She improved after several courses of antibiotics, blood transfusion, surgical débridement and aspiration of affected joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Fletcher
- Departments of Obstetris, Gynaecology and Child Health, Pathology and Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
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Busk N, Vaughan K, Watkins R, Hawkins S. 128. Review and refinement of clinical monitoring methods for TSE mouse bioassay/strain typing studies. Res Vet Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)90132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vaughan K, McConaghy N, Wolf C, Myhr C, Black T. Community treatment orders: relationship to clinical care, medication compliance, behavioural disturbance and readmission. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000; 34:801-8. [PMID: 11037366 DOI: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the readmission rate, and the level of patient disturbance and community care associated with readmission following Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in New South Wales, Australia. METHOD The readmission rates of all patients given CTOs within a 4-year period and a matched comparison group were investigated. The following factors were compared before, during and following a CTO: medication non-compliance, number of clinical services and duration of disturbed behaviour preceding hospitalisations. RESULTS Of 123 patients on CTOs (mean length, 288 days; SD, 210 days), 38 were readmitted during the CTO, the majority in the first 3 months and a further 21 patients were readmitted following termination of the CTO. Evidence of lower severity of illness in the comparison patients prevented meaningful evaluation of the readmission rates of the two groups. While on CTOs, patients receiving depot medications showed high compliance and a significantly reduced readmission rate compared with that of patients receiving oral medications. In the 2 months prior to hospitalisations during CTOs, compared with those before or after CTOs, patients received more frequent consultations and showed a shorter duration of medication non-compliance and disturbed behaviour. The level of services in the 3 months following discharge were comparable for patients on CTOs and the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS CTOs may reduce rehospitalisations by use of depot medication. Earlier and possibly more frequent readmissions in the CTO group shortened the disturbance associated with illness recurrence. It would appear that to establish a control group with equivalent severity of disorder necessary to evaluate the impact of CTOs requires a random allocation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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29
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In traumatic simple phobia (TSP) fear of retraumatisation tends to be enduring and may show little reduction with time despite frequent and prolonged exposure. This paper describes how hypervigilant behaviour may account for this enduring response by interfering with exposure. METHOD Three case histories illustrating the clinical features of TSP and its treatment using in vivo exposure coupled with direct inhibition of hypervigilance are presented. RESULT In all three cases, reduction of anxiety occurred with spontaneous generalisation of improvement. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of in vivo therapeutic exposure for fear of retraumatisation may be enhanced by the use of strategies to inhibit hypervigilant behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Hornsby and Ku-ring-gai Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of adjunctive megavitamin and dietary treatment in schizophrenia. METHOD A random allocation double-blind, controlled comparison of dietary supplement and megavitamin treatment, and an alternative procedure was given for 5 months to 19 outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In addition to usual follow-up, the experimental group received amounts of megavitamins based on their individual serum vitamin levels plus dietary restriction based on Radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests. The control group received 25 mg vitamin C and were prescribed substances considered allergenic from the RAST test. RESULTS Five months of treatment showed marked differences in serum levels of vitamins but no consistent self-reported symptomatic or behavioural differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS This study does not provide evidence supporting a positive relationship between regulation of levels of serum vitamins and clinical outcome in schizophrenia over 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Palmerston Centre, Hornsby Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Fanning B, Murray O, Treacey C, Vaughan K. Dental treatment in Romania. J Ir Dent Assoc 1999; 45:130-3. [PMID: 10709567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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Fanning B, Gorby R, Henshaw M, O'Neill A, Treacey C, Vaughan K. Experiences with sedation and restraint during dental treatment in Romania. J Ir Dent Assoc 1998; 43:22-6. [PMID: 9584753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In August, 1995 dental treatment was provided in an orphanage in Romania. This treatment took place over three weeks using three different dentists. Two dental nurses served for full the duration. For the last two weeks the team was joined by a dental health educator. All have given accounts of their time in Romania. The patients had various degrees of handicap but generally co-operation for treatment was poor. Most patients needed pre-operative sedation of oral valium. A papoose board was used for restraint. All the contributors agree that this was extremely helpful in controlling the patients. Dental treatment was mostly-restricted to extractions. A parallel preventive programme was run by the dental health educator. The team encountered bureaucratic problems which were overcome. All 220 children in the orphanage were screened and treated. Local children and adults were also given dental treatment when time allowed. The team wish to express gratitude to all who helped and supported them. They plan a future mission in 1997. In 1994, a dental team had previously travelled to Romania and carried out treatment of handicapped children using sedation & restraint. The principal difference between 1994 and 1995 was the introduction of the papoose board as the method of restraint. The papoose board is a temporary restraint device for use during medical or dental procedures. It is a set of canvas flaps with velcro fasteners on a board. A head strap and wrist straps are important accessories. Pre-operative sedation was given to the children 2-3 hours in advance of dental treatment. This usually was 10-20 mg oral valium. The child was then led into the dental surgery by hand and placed on the papoose board, which was already situated on the reclined dental chair. Before the child realised what was happening the wrist straps and leg straps were in place. Within seconds the other straps were closed and the child was totally restrained and ready for dental treatment. Dental treatment was then carried out using local anaesthesia. Care has to be taken that the restraint does not impair the patient's breathing, circulation, cause over-heating or positional injuries. A dental health education programme was run in parallel with the treatment service. The individual accounts of experiences follow. Firstly, the joint account of Dental Nurses Catherine Treacey and Karen Vaughan from the Dublin Dental Hospital, who were working for the full three weeks. Then follow the accounts of the dentists. On week 1 by Anne O'Neill, who works with the Eastern Health Board in the Dun Laoghaire area, week 2 by Robert Gorby, a dentist in private practice in Carlow, and week 3 by Brendan Fanning who works part-time for the Eastern Health Board, in Wicklow and part-time in practice in Ashford, Co. Wicklow. The final account is of the dental health education programme by Miriam Henshaw, Health Educator who works for the Eastern Health Board in the Wicklow area.
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Abstract
Dyck's (Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1993) conditioning model of EMD provides a useful description of failure of habituation in post-traumatic stress disorder, but may not account for some common EMD phenomena. An alternative model proposes that the therapist's waving hand--in the presence of a trauma-related cortical set--triggers an intense orienting response (OR). Intrinsic effects of the OR facilitate continuing attention to the memory without avoidance, and provide for effective input of new trauma-related information. The person's neuronal model of the trauma alters to reflect his survival and current safety--as true outcome of the trauma--and associated conditioned responses extinguish. Proposals for experimental evaluation of the model are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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34
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Bullerwell WL, MacGillivray LR, Zaworotko MJ, Vaughan K, Wilman DE. 1-(p-carbamoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-triazene, an antitumour agent. Acta Crystallogr C 1995; 51 ( Pt 12):2624-7. [PMID: 8588860 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270195008419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the crystal structure of the title compound, 4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzamide, C9H12N4O, (2), the N = N double bond [1.282 (8) A] is 0.030 A shorter than the N--N single bond [1.312 (8) A], but both bonds are shorter than an isolated N--N single bond suggesting that there is double-bond character in each N--N bond, although it is unequally distributed. The molecule adopts a trans geometry around the N = N bond, but there is a significant deviation from planarity between the benzene ring and the plane of the triazene moiety. Compound (2) forms chains in the solid state in which the molecules are linked by C = O...H--N hydrogen bonds between carbamoyl groups. These chains are cross-linked into sheets by hydrogen bonding between the second N--H moiety and triazene units in adjacent chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Bullerwell
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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35
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Vaughan K, Armstrong MS, Gold R, O'Connor N, Jenneke W, Tarrier N. A trial of eye movement desensitization compared to image habituation training and applied muscle relaxation in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1994; 25:283-91. [PMID: 7706505 DOI: 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-six patients with PTSD were randomly allocated to individual treatment with imaginal exposure (image habituation training -- IHT), or applied muscle relaxation (AMR) or eye movement desensitization (EMD). Assessment by a blind independent rater and self-report instruments applied pre and posttreatment and at 3-month follow-up indicated that all groups improved significantly compared with a waiting list and that treatment benefits were maintained at follow-up. Despite a failure to demonstrate differences among groups, there was some suggestion that immediately after treatment EMD was superior for intrusive memories.
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36
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Abstract
A novel approach is described for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye-movement desensitisation (EMD) requires the patient to generate images of the trauma in the mind and define physiological and emotional arousal states. While concentrating on these states, lateral multisaccardic eye movements are induced. Ten consecutive cases are reported who presented with symptoms originating from a range of traumas. The effectiveness of EMD in reducing symptoms outlined by DSM-III-R is described. An independent rater indicated that eight of the ten cases showed considerable improvement in PTSD symptoms following EMD, which was maintained at follow-up. Particular reference is given to the 'specificity' of EMD in treating symptoms and the changing pattern of effect at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- PTSD Clinic, Hornsby Ku-Ring-Gai Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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37
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Vaughan K, Cameron LM, Christie S, Zaworotko MJ. Structures of the isomeric triazene 1-oxides 3-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-1-methyltriazene 1-oxide (1) and 3-(2-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-1-methyltriazene 1-oxide (2). Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270192003329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Abstract
An exposure treatment for patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is described. Image habituation training (IHT) involves the patient in generating verbal descriptions of the traumatic event and recording these onto an audiotape. After the initial training session with the therapist, homework sessions of self-directed exposure in which the patient visualised the described event in response to listening to the audiotape were carried out. Of ten consecutive patients who received this treatment, six improved considerably after ten homework sessions, two showed moderate improvements, and two showed minimal improvement on a range of outcome measures. There were significant decreases in anxiety between and within homework sessions, suggesting that habituation did occur and was responsible for improvement. Treatment gains were maintained at six-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hornsby Hospital, NSW, Australia
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39
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Merrin MP, Hooper DL, LaFrance RJ, Snooks R, Vaughan K. Open-chain nitrogen compounds. Part XIV. Synthesis of 1-aryl-3-aryloxymethyl-3-methyltriazenes and 1-aryl-3-(hydroxyaryl)methyl-3-methyltriazenes. CAN J CHEM 1992. [DOI: 10.1139/v92-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new series of 1-aryl-3-aryloxymethyl-3-methyltriazenes (2) has been achieved by the reaction of the acetoxymethyltriazene (Ar-N=N-NMe-CH2OAc) with the appropriate phenol in dry chloroform solution. Triazenes of type 2 are also formed by reaction of the acetoxymethyltriazene with the sodium phenolate, generated by reaction of the phenol with sodium hydride in dry chloroform, but under these conditions a second product is formed, which has been identified as an isomer of 2. The structure of the second product has been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis to be the 1-aryl-3-(hydroxyaryl)methyl-3-methyltriazene (3). The formation of these two isomeric products is accounted for by the ambident nature of the nucleophilic phenolate ion in the displacement of the acetoxy leaving group. The mass spectra of all the triazenes of type 2 exhibit a fairly intense peak at M – 102, which is suggested to arise from a novel intramolecular rearrangement. Two examples of the triazenes of type 2 have been tested for antitumour activity on the NCI tumour panel and have shown statistically significant differential sensitivity in several cell lines. Preliminary investigation of the stability of these triazenes in physiological-pH buffer suggests that they may have the appropriate chemical stability for pro-drug application in therapy. Keywords: triazene, synthesis, antitumour, phenol, spectroscopy, aryloxymethyltriazene, prodrugs.
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40
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Vaughan K, Doyle M, McConaghy N, Blaszczynski A, Fox A, Tarrier N. The relationship between relative's Expressed Emotion and schizophrenic relapse: an Australian replication. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1992; 27:10-5. [PMID: 1557676 DOI: 10.1007/bf00788950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a predictive study, carried out in Sydney Australia, investigating the association between the Expressed Emotion (EE) status of the household to which the patient is discharged and schizophrenic relapse. Expressed Emotion was not related to illness severity either at admission or discharge, but was related to variables reflecting chronicity and employment history. There was a significant association between returning to a high EE household and both re-hospitalisation and relapse. The significant association between EE and relapse held only for: patients not on medication, males, and those patients in high contact with their relatives. A discriminant function analysis found that decline in occupational status and the number of critical comments expressed by the relative were the strongest predictors of relapse. The results presented here are consistent with the majority of published reports on EE and relapse and contradict the negative findings of a recently published but smaller study also carried out in Sydney.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Palmerston Unit, Hornsby Hospital, UK
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41
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Vaughan K, Doyle M, McConaghy N, Blaszczynski A, Fox A, Tarrier N. The Sydney intervention trial: a controlled trial of relatives' counselling to reduce schizophrenic relapse. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1992; 27:16-21. [PMID: 1557677 DOI: 10.1007/bf00788951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The result of a psychosocial intervention which aimed to reduce schizophrenic relapse through relatives' counselling is presented. Thirty-six schizophrenic patients living in high Expressed Emotion (EE) parental households were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. The parents of patients allocated to the intervention were offered ten weekly sessions of counselling. The patient was not included in these sessions. Patients in both groups received standard after-care of medication and support. Relapses in the intervention group, although fewer, were not significantly different from the control group. Given the impressive evidence in favour of family interventions in reducing relapse rates in schizophrenic patients possible reasons for this result are discussed. Aspects of the intervention described here, exclusion of the patient, no control over the patients' medication or involvement with their management, short duration of intervention and lack of individual assessment, could explain this finding. This negative result is important in indicating what factors should be included in an effective psychosocial intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Palmerston Unit, Hornsby Hospital, UK
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42
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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relative contributions of personal, affective, and social exchange characteristics to satisfaction with the best friendship. Senior adults (N = 76) described and evaluated their best friendships in terms of positive and negative affect, equity, reciprocity of social support, and satisfaction. The individual's endorsement of communal and exchange orientations were included as personal characteristics. The study confirms that a communal orientation enhances satisfaction with a best friendship and that conflict and negativity detract from it. Social exchange characteristics were not related to friendship satisfaction. The need to reevaluate the role of social exchange in close relationships is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Jones
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4235
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43
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Smith KJ, Skelton HG, James WD, Angritt P, Scherbenske J, Vaughan K, Lupton GP. Cutaneous histopathologic findings in 'antiphospholipid syndrome'. Correlation with disease, including human immunodeficiency virus disease. Arch Dermatol 1990; 126:1176-83. [PMID: 2118749 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.126.9.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The term antiphospholipid syndrome is used to characterize a complex of clinical and pathologic findings mediated by a group of antibodies formed against a family of antiphospholipids. These antiphospholipid antibodies were originally found in patients with lupus erythematosus in whom the partial thromboplastin time was prolonged and in patients with other autoimmune diseases; subsequently, they have been observed in association with a variety of other conditions, including infections, reactions to drugs, malignant neoplasms, human immunodeficiency virus disease, and as an isolated finding. In recent years, there has been some clarification of the significance of the various tests for antiphospholipid antibodies, including the lupus anticoagulant test and the anticardiolipin antibody tests, in predicting the antiphospholipid syndrome. The mechanism of disease, however, has not been well defined. The most common cutaneous lesion seen in seven patients with lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody who have the antiphospholipid syndrome was ulceration due to thrombosis of dermal veins and arteries. Often there is a reactive vascular proliferation around the thrombosed vessels. The presence of primary thrombosis of both veins and arteries in thrombotic disorders is unusual and may provide insight into the mechanism of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Smith
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC
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44
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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relative contributions of personal, affective, and social exchange characteristics to satisfaction with the best friendship. Senior adults (N = 76) described and evaluated their best friendships in terms of positive and negative affect, equity, reciprocity of social support, and satisfaction. The individual's endorsement of communal and exchange orientations were included as personal characteristics. The study confirms that a communal orientation enhances satisfaction with a best friendship and that conflict and negativity detract from it. Social exchange characteristics were not related to friendship satisfaction. The need to reevaluate the role of social exchange in close relationships is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Jones
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4235
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45
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Brashear J, Zeitvogel C, Jackson J, Flentge C, Janulis L, Cantrell L, Schmidt B, Adamczyk M, Betebenner D, Vaughan K. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid. Clin Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/35.3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in urine is described and compared with liquid chromatography (electrochemical detection) and colorimetry. Reports of in-house performance data and results of clinical trials are included to emphasize the usefulness of the assay for routine work.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brashear
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - C Zeitvogel
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - J Jackson
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - C Flentge
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - L Janulis
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - L Cantrell
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - B Schmidt
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - M Adamczyk
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - D Betebenner
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - K Vaughan
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
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46
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Brashear J, Zeitvogel C, Jackson J, Flentge C, Janulis L, Cantrell L, Schmidt B, Adamczyk M, Betebenner D, Vaughan K. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid. Clin Chem 1989; 35:355-9. [PMID: 2465843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in urine is described and compared with liquid chromatography (electrochemical detection) and colorimetry. Reports of in-house performance data and results of clinical trials are included to emphasize the usefulness of the assay for routine work.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brashear
- Abbott Laboratories Diagnostics Division, North Chicago, IL 60064
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47
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Hartley JA, Mattes WB, Vaughan K, Gibson NW. DNA sequence specificity of guanine N7-alkylations for a series of structurally related triazenes. Carcinogenesis 1988; 9:669-74. [PMID: 2833369 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/9.4.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The base sequence selectivity for reaction at the guanine-N7 position was examined for a series of structurally related triazenes by a modification of a standard DNA sequencing method. The monomethyl and monochloroethyl triazenes alkylate guanines extensively at the N7 position with a general preference for runs of contiguous guanines, similar to, but not as striking as that observed previously for the chloroethylnitrosoureas. In contrast to the nitrosoureas, the triazenes had patterns of base sequence selectivity that differed somewhat from agent to agent, with the monochloro-ethylphenyltriazene having the pattern most different from the others in the series. Thus, the nature of the nonalkylating portion of the molecule can influence the ultimate alkylation preference. The monoethylating analogues alkylated weakly with little sequence preference, and the dimethyl analogues were essentially unreactive in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hartley
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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48
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Vaughan K, Nicholas G, Singer RD, Roy M, Gibson NW. Triazene metabolism. VI. 3-Azidomethyl-3-alkyl-1-aryltriazenes, a new class of anti-tumour triazene with potential pro-drug applications. Anticancer Drug Des 1987; 2:279-87. [PMID: 3449091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new series of 3-azidomethyl-3-methyl-1-aryltriazenes is described. 3-Acetoxymethyl-3-methyl-1-aryltriazenes react with a large molar excess of sodium azide in aqueous acetone to afford the 3-azidomethyltriazenes in high yield. The rate of formation of the azidomethyltriazene increasing azide concentration, suggesting either an SN2 mechanism or a significant ionic strength effect on an SN1 reaction. In the absence of azide ion, the acetoxymethyltriazene undergoes a slow hydrolysis to give a bis-anilinomethane, which presumably arises via hydrolysis of the triazene to the aniline followed by condensation with formaldehyde released during the hydrolysis. The azidomethyltriazenes undergo facile hydrolysis in aqueous buffer solution with identical kinetic parameters to those of the hydrolysis of hydroxymethyltriazenes, suggesting that the azides may be good pro-drugs for the cytotoxic monomethyltriazene, the hydrolysis product derived from the hydroxymethyltriazene. Indeed, the azidomethyltriazenes have comparable anti-tumour activity against the P388 and PC6 tumours to other triazenes in this series. Furthermore, the azidomethyltriazenes display selective toxicity towards a human tumour cell line (the BE cell line) which is deficient in the repair of O6-methylguanine lesions, suggesting that these triazenes are capable of generating the monomethyltriazene without the need for metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, St Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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49
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Meek MA, Schwalbe CH, Vaughan K. Structure and atomic charge distribution of 4-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2,3(4H)-benzotriazin-4-ol. Acta Crystallogr C 1987. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270187088425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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50
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Gibson NW, Hartley JA, LaFrance RJ, Vaughan K. Differential cytotoxicity and DNA-damaging effects produced in human cells of the Mer+ and Mer- phenotypes by a series of 1-aryl-3-alkyltriazenes. Cancer Res 1986; 46:4999-5003. [PMID: 3756860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of arylalkyltriazenes has been investigated for its differential cytotoxicity towards the HT-29 (Mer+) and BE (Mer-) cell lines and for its ability to cause DNA strand breaks and cross-links. A monomethyltriazene (MMPT) and some hydroxymethyltriazene derivatives capable of generating the monomethyltriazene in situ were preferentially cytotoxic to the BE cell line when compared with the HT-29 cell line. The differential toxicity of MMPT is very similar to the analogous monochloroethyltriazene. In contrast, the dimethyl- and monoethyltriazenes in the series display reduced toxicity towards the BE cell line with little or no differential toxicity between the BE and HT-29 cell lines. MMPT and monochloroethyltriazene caused single strand DNA breaks in the two cell lines, whereas little or no DNA strand breaks were observed in either cell line after exposure to the monoethyl- or dimethyltriazene. However, these lesions could not account for the differential cytotoxicity observed. In measurements of DNA interstrand cross-linking none of the agents tested, including monochloroethyltriazene and MMPT, was found to cause such linkages. In contrast to previous results obtained with bifunctional monochloroethylating agents, which produced a similar differential cytotoxicity between these two cell lines, our results tend to suggest that lesions other than DNA interstrand cross-links may be responsible for the mechanisms of cell killing by chloroethylating agents.
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