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Yoon MH, Kim HJ, Wang S, Fernandez LE. Forum on Wearable and Biodegradable Sensors. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:1-2. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schanze KS, Fernandez LE, Zhong C. Young Investigator Forum. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5167-5168. [PMID: 32023780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Wang S, Schanze KS, Fernandez LE. Young Investigator Forum of ACS Applied Bio Materials. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:1. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang S, Fernandez LE, Schanze KS. Forum on Graphdiyne Materials: Preparation, Structure, and Function. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:2561-2562. [PMID: 30959591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Chan WCW, Chhowalla M, Glotzer S, Gogotsi Y, Hafner JH, Hammond PT, Hersam MC, Javey A, Kagan CR, Kataoka K, Khademhosseini A, Kotov NA, Lee ST, Li Y, Möhwald H, Mulvaney P, Nel AE, Nordlander PJ, Parak WJ, Penner RM, Rogach AL, Schaak RE, Stevens MM, Wee ATS, Willson CG, Fernandez LE, Weiss PS. Our First and Next Decades at ACS Nano. ACS Nano 2017; 11:7553-7555. [PMID: 28830059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Glotzer SC, Nordlander P, Fernandez LE. Theory, Simulation, and Computation in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2017; 11:6505-6506. [PMID: 28746991 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Abstract
Damped dispersion can be a significant component of the interaction energy in many physical and chemical processes, for example, physisorption and noncovalent complexation. For physically interpreting and modeling such processes, it is convenient to have an analytic method to calculate damped dispersion that is readily applicable across the entire periodic table. Of the available methods to calculate damped dispersion energy for interacting systems with overlapping charge distributions, we select symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) as providing a reasonable definition, and of the possible analytic forms, we choose the D3(BJ) method. However, the available parametrizations of D3(BJ) include not only damped dispersion energy but also corrections for errors in specific exchange-correlation functionals. Here we present a parametrization that provides a physical measure of damped dispersion without such density functional corrections. The method generalizes an earlier method of Pernal and co-workers to all elements from hydrogen to plutonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura E Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Chan WWC, Chhowalla M, Glotzer S, Gogotsi Y, Hafner JH, Hammond PT, Hersam MC, Javey A, Kagan CR, Khademhosseini A, Kotov NA, Lee ST, Li Y, Möhwald H, Mulvaney PA, Nel AE, Nordlander PJ, Parak WJ, Penner RM, Rogach AL, Schaak RE, Stevens MM, Wee ATS, Willson CG, Fernandez LE, Weiss PS. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Impacting Diverse Fields of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. ACS Nano 2016; 10:10615-10617. [PMID: 28024354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Kiessling LL, Fernandez LE, Alivisatos AP, Weiss PS. ChemRXiv: A Chemistry Preprint Server. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2937. [PMID: 27933802 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kagan CR, Fernandez LE, Gogotsi Y, Hammond PT, Hersam MC, Nel AE, Penner RM, Willson CG, Weiss PS. Nano Day: Celebrating the Next Decade of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2016; 10:9093-9103. [PMID: 27712059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are poised to contribute to a wide range of fields, from health and medicine to electronics, energy, security, and more. These contributions come both directly in the form of new materials, interfaces, tools, and even properties as well as indirectly by connecting fields together. We celebrate how far we have come, and here, we look at what is to come over the next decade that will leverage the strong and growing base that we have built in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie R Kagan
- Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Laura E Fernandez
- American Chemical Society , 1155 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Department, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Mark C Hersam
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - André E Nel
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine , 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Horvath S, Fernandez LE, Appel AM, Hammes-Schiffer S. pH-dependent reduction potentials and proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms in hydrogen-producing nickel molecular electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3643-52. [PMID: 23477912 DOI: 10.1021/ic302056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The nickel-based P2(Ph)N2(Bn) electrocatalysts comprised of a nickel atom and two 1,5-dibenzyl-3,7-diphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligands catalyze H2 production in acetonitrile. Recent electrochemical experiments revealed a linear dependence of the Ni(II/I) reduction potential on pH with a slope of 57 mV/pH unit, implicating a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process with the same number of electrons and protons transferred. The combined theoretical and experimental studies herein provide an explanation for this pH dependence in the context of the overall proposed catalytic mechanism. In the proposed mechanisms, the catalytic cycle begins with a series of intermolecular proton transfers from an acid to the pendant amine ligand and electrochemical electron transfers to the nickel center to produce the doubly protonated Ni(0) species, a precursor to H2 evolution. The calculated Ni(II/I) reduction potentials of the doubly protonated species are in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed reduction potential in the presence of strong acid, suggesting that the catalytically active species leading to the peak observed in these cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments is doubly protonated. The Ni(I/0) reduction potential was found to be slightly more positive than the Ni(II/I) reduction potential, indicating that the Ni(I/0) reduction occurs spontaneously after the Ni(II/I) reduction, as implied by the experimental observation of a single CV peak. These results suggest that the PCET process observed in the CV experiments is a two-electron/two-proton process corresponding to an initial double protonation followed by two reductions. On the basis of the experimental and theoretical data, the complete thermodynamic scheme and the Pourbaix diagram were generated for this catalyst. The Pourbaix diagram, which identifies the most thermodynamically stable species at each reduction potential and pH value, illustrates that this catalyst undergoes different types of PCET processes for various pH ranges. These thermodynamic insights will aid in the design of more effective molecular catalysts for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Horvath
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Fernandez LE, Horvath S, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Design of Molecular Electrocatalysts with Flexible Pendant Amines for Hydrogen Production and Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:542-546. [PMID: 26281752 DOI: 10.1021/jz3020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The design of hydrogen oxidation and production electrocatalysts is important for the development of alternative renewable energy sources. The overall objective is to maximize the turnover frequency and minimize the overpotential. We use computational methods to examine a variety of nickel-based molecular electrocatalysts with pendant amines. Our studies focus on the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process involving electron transfer between the complex and the electrode and intramolecular proton transfer between the nickel center and the nitrogen of the pendant amine. The concerted PCET mechanism, which tends to require a lower overpotential, is favored by a smaller equilibrium Ni-N distance and a more flexible pendant amine ligand, thereby decreasing the energetic penalty for the nitrogen to approach the nickel center for proton transfer. Our calculations provide predictions about designing catalysts that incorporate these properties. These design principles will be useful for developing the next generation of hydrogen catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fernandez
- †Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Samantha Horvath
- ‡Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- ‡Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Auer B, Fernandez LE, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Analysis of Proton Relays in Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8282-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201560v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Auer
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Laura E. Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Gomez MA, Chunduru M, Chigweshe L, Foster L, Fensin SJ, Fletcher KM, Fernandez LE. The effect of yttrium dopant on the proton conduction pathways of BaZrO3, a cubic perovskite. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:214709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3447377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gómez I, Pardo-López L, Muñoz-Garay C, Fernandez LE, Pérez C, Sánchez J, Soberón M, Bravo A. Role of receptor interaction in the mode of action of insecticidal Cry and Cyt toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. Peptides 2007; 28:169-73. [PMID: 17145116 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis are used for insect control. Their primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells. In this review we will summarize recent findings on the Cry toxin-receptor interaction and the role of receptor recognition in their mode of action. Cry toxins interact sequentially with multiple receptors. In lepidopteran insects, Cry1A monomeric toxins interact with the first receptor and this interaction triggers oligomerization of the toxins. The oligomer then interacts with second receptor inducing insertion into membrane microdomains and larval death. In the case of mosquitocidal toxins, Cry and Cyt toxins play a part. These toxins have a synergistic effect and Cyt1Aa overcomes Cry toxin resistance. Recently, it was proposed that Cyt1Aa synergizes or suppresses resistance to Cry toxins by functioning as a membrane-bound receptor for Cry toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico
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Abstract
The pursuit of active specific immunotherapy of cancer re-emerged vigorously in the 90s. More than 50 vaccines are currently under clinical testing, and more than 400 clinical trials have been conducted. This wave of enthusiasm is rooted in fundamental immunology, as new paradigms, such as the dominant tolerance through T-regulatory cells and the instructive role of the innate immune system on the adaptive immune system, opened the possibility that an efficient cancer vaccination could be achieved even without the need of cancer neoantigens, provided that antigen presentation could be increased, and that regulatory circuits could be controlled. However, recent failures in some large trials have brought disappointment and have highlighted the differences between experiments in young, healthy mice with small transplanted tumours, and clinical testing in aged, ill patients with advanced spontaneous tumours, driving the attention to issues such as tumour editing, tumour-induced immunosuppression, and immunosenescence. The molecular basis of these phenomena is only partially known. Additionally, the inherent complexity of the immune system as a network of multiple interactions and redundant control loops among a huge diversity of components sets another barrier to the translation of in vitro reductionist knowledge into rationally designed clinical trials. All this calls for a new therapeutic paradigm in cancer vaccines, moving beyond the analogy with the classic drug-target approach, and targeting the immune system regulation as a whole, and its interaction with the tumour, in all its complexity. Early mathematical modelling of cancer immunotherapy has suggested how to go about it. This re-evaluation of the cancer vaccine landscape, suggests that future successful cancer immunotherapy will be combined immunotherapy, will be exquisitely schedule-dependent and will need new experimental models allowing for the exploration of the mechanisms of resistance and tumour escape, such as tumour editing and tumour induced immunosuppression, in the context of the physiology of the immune system of the elderly. These shifts will put cancer vaccines closer to pharmacology than to conventional preventive vaccinology, or at least at the midway. A change in the design and the ultimate goals of the clinical trials will also be needed, identifying long term stabilization of the disease and quality of life as main endpoints, again closer to the clinical management of most chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lage
- Centre of Molecular Immunology, 216 St & 15th Ave, Playa, P.O. Box 16040, Havana City 11600, Cuba.
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Valiente O, Mauri L, Casellato R, Fernandez LE, Sonnino S. Preparation of deacetyl-, lyso-, and deacetyl-lyso-GM(3) by selective alkaline hydrolysis of GM3 ganglioside. J Lipid Res 2001; 42:1318-24. [PMID: 11483634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three methods (using GM3 quantities ranging from a few milligrams to grams) have been developed to prepare, in high yield, the three derivatives of ganglioside GM3 [alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-3)-beta-Gal-(1-4)-beta-Glc-(1-1)-ceramide]: deacetyl-GM3 [alpha-Neu-(2-3)-beta-Gal-(1-4)-beta-Glc-(1-1)-ceramide], lyso-GM3 [alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-3)-beta-Gal-(1-4)-beta-Glc-(1-1)-sphingosine], and deacetyl-lyso-GM3 [alpha-Neu-(2-3)-beta-Gal-(1-4)-beta-Glc-(1-1)-sphingosine]. This is the first report of the preparation of lyso-GM3 by a one-pot reaction. We can now define the optimal conditions for the different preparations. Preparation of deacetyl-GM3: alkaline reagent, 2 M KOH in water; GM3 concentration, 33 mg/ml; reaction temperature, 90 degrees C; reaction time, 3.5 h; nitrogen atmosphere. Preparation of deacetyl-lyso-GM3: alkaline reagent, 8 M KOH in water; GM3 concentration, 10 mg/ml; reaction temperature, 90 degrees C; reaction time, 18 h; nitrogen atmosphere. Preparation of lyso-GM(3): alkaline reagent, 1 M sodium tert-butoxide in methanol; GM3 concentration, 10 mg/ml; reaction temperature, 80 degrees C; reaction time, 18 h; anhydrous conditions. The percentage yield of deacetyl-GM3 was 70;-75%, that of deacetyl-lyso-GM3 100%, and of lyso-GM3 36;-40%.Deacetyl-GM3, deacetyl-lyso-GM3, and lyso-GM3 were purified by column chromatography, and chemical structures were confirmed by electron spray-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Valiente
- Vaccines Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba
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Carr A, Mazorra Z, Alonso DF, Mesa C, Valiente O, Gomez DE, Perez R, Fernandez LE. A purified GM3 ganglioside conjugated vaccine induces specific, adjuvant-dependent and non-transient antitumour activity against B16 mouse melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Melanoma Res 2001; 11:219-27. [PMID: 11468510 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200106000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of substantial amounts of GM3 ganglioside on human melanomas and other tumours, together with its peculiar biological properties, makes this glycolipid a unique target for cancer immunotherapy. B16 mouse melanoma expresses GM3 and constitutes an appropriate model for the development of novel GM3-based vaccines. Recently, we hydrophobically incorporated purified GM3 into the outer membrane protein complex from Neisseria meningitidis to form very small size proteoliposomes (GM3/VSSP). We have examined the antitumour properties of GM3/VSSP vaccine and compared it with GM3 incorporated in very low density serum lipoproteins (GM3/VLDL). Immunization with four doses of GM3/VSSP vaccine (120 microg of ganglioside) plus Freund's adjuvant or Montanide ISA 51 significantly increased the overall survival of mice inoculated in the subcutis with 103 B16-F1 cells, whereas the GM3/VLDL immunogen was ineffective. The non-transient character of tumour protection was confirmed in animals surviving the first challenge and re-inoculated with 5 x 103 cells. GM3/VSSP vaccine also reduced the subcutaneous growth of highly aggressive B16-F10 cells. The importance of ganglioside structure in the tumour-protective effect of GM3/VSSP vaccine was confirmed using GM3 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid, a ganglioside absent in melanoma cells. Immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments showed a high specificity of immune sera against GM3 and the presence of all four IgG subclasses, with a preponderance of IgG2b and IgG3. In addition, a strong anti-B16 complement-mediated cytotoxicity was induced by vaccination with GM3/VSSP. The present data indicate the molecular specificity of GM3/VSSP vaccine as well as the adjuvant-dependent and non-transient character of tumour protection in the B16 mouse model. These findings suggest that an appropriate GM3 vaccine may be capable of inducing prolonged tumour protection in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carr
- Department of Vaccines, Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 16 040, Havana 11600, Cuba
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Estevez F, Carr A, Solorzano L, Valiente O, Mesa C, Barroso O, Sierra GV, Fernandez LE. Enhancement of the immune response to poorly immunogenic gangliosides after incorporation into very small size proteoliposomes (VSSP). Vaccine 1999; 18:190-7. [PMID: 10501249 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Certain gangliosides are tumor-associated antigens that constitute potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. A major drawback in the design of ganglioside-based cancer vaccines, however, is the poor immunogenicity of these glycolipids. Here we report the immunological and physicochemical properties of very small size proteoliposomes (VSSP) obtained by using anionic detergents to incorporate gangliosides into the outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of N. meningitidis. VSSP of three different gangliosides, GM3, NGcGM3 and GD3, were tested. These gangliosides differ in level of expression in normal tissues and in immunogenicity in different animal species. We show that the immunization with VSSP in an oil adjuvant consistently induced both IgM and IgG anti-ganglioside antibodies. In the mouse, the anti-ganglioside IgG fraction was not restricted to the typical T-independent isotype IgG3. Unexpectedly, significant levels of the T-dependent IgG1, IgG2a and particularly IgG2b were also found. VSSP-mediated enhancement of the immunogenicity was not restricted to the relatively immunogenic ganglioside GD3, satisfactory immune responses against highly tolerated GM3 and NGcGM3 were also obtained. Similar results were achieved in chickens and monkeys. No reactogenicity was observed even when self-gangliosides were used for immunization. VSSP overcame natural tolerance to gangliosides in an adjuvant dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Estevez
- Finlay Institute, C. de La Habana, Cuba.
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Marquina G, Waki H, Fernandez LE, Kon K, Carr A, Valiente O, Perez R, Ando S. Gangliosides expressed in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1996; 56:5165-71. [PMID: 8912852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumors that were histopathologically diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma were examined in relation to their abnormal expression of gangliosides. Total ganglioside levels that were expressed as lipid-bound sialic acids were significantly higher in breast tumor tissues than in normal mammary tissues. Two kinds of unusual gangliosides were found to be expressed in many cases of breast tumors. One was a group of O-acetylated gangliosides, such as O-acetyl-GD3 and O-acetyl-GT3. They are known as fetal gangliosides, which appear in fetal brains. The other was an N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing ganglioside, N-glycolyl-GM3, which had not been previously found in normal human tissues. The finding that unusual gangliosides are expressed in breast tumors may provide the basis for their immunological diagnosis and vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marquina
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan
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Cabrera-Rode E, Diaz-Horta O, Fernandez LE, Carr A, Marquina G, Valiente O, Gonzalez-Suarez RM, Uriarte A. Glycolipids as the major autoantigens of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies. Autoimmunity 1995; 20:145-51. [PMID: 7578875 DOI: 10.3109/08916939508993345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently suggested that pancreatic glycolipidic extracts and acidic glycolipid fractions are able to block the binding of ICA to frozen sections of human pancreas. We study the prevalence of blocking effect by the upper-phase from human pancreatic glycolipid extracts (PGE) in thirty-eight sera ICA positive from seventeen IDDM patients and twenty-one first relatives of type 1 diabetics. Total inhibition was found in 82% and 76% insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients and first relatives of type 1 diabetics respectively. Partial and no inhibition of ICA+ sera was seen in 6%, 12% of type 1 diabetics and 19%, 5% of the first degree relatives of type 1 diabetics respectively. Our study suggests that there is heterogeneity of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies and that glycolipids are the major autoantigen of ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Valiente
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Vedado, Havana City, Cuba
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