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Cartier L, Loiez A, Nachury M, Azahaf M, Hambli S, Blondeaux A, Gérard R, Desreumaux P, Louvet A, Wils P. Changes Over Time in the Lémann Index and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae073. [PMID: 38597799 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is a progressive, destructive, and disabling disorder. Our study aimed to assess changes over time in the Lémann index (LI) and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI) in a cohort of CD patients. METHODS This was a single-center prospective cohort study of 130 consecutive CD patients with a follow-up of at least 4 years. The LI 1 and the IBD-DI 1 questionnaires were assessed in 2016 and again between September 2020 and October 2021 (LI 2 and IBD-DI 2). RESULTS Of the 130 patients with assessment of both LI 1 and IBD-DI 1, 61 had calculation of the LI 2 and 98 patients answered the IBD-DI 2 questionnaire, with a median time between the 2 evaluations of 4.2 years. The LI increased for 16 (26%), decreased for 26 (43%), and remained unchanged for 19 (31%) patients. The median LI did not change over time (9.6 vs 9.3; P = .14). Clinical disease activity was significantly associated with bowel damage progression. A high initial LI (>7.9) was not associated with CD progression (surgery, drug dose escalation, or change of biologic). The IBD-DI decreased for 59 (60.2%), increased for 37 (37.8%), and remained unchanged for 2 (2%) patients. The median IBD-DI decreased significantly over time (23.2 vs 21.4; P = .006). There was no correlation between the 2 indexes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective cohort study assessing changes over time in both the LI and the IBD-DI in CD patients. After 4 years, the LI appeared to be stable and the IBD-DI decreased, with no correlation between the 2 indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Cartier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Douai Hospital, Douai, France
| | - Apolline Loiez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Maria Nachury
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Azahaf
- Radiology Department, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sofia Hambli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Blondeaux
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Romain Gérard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Wils
- Department of Gastroenterology, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Latorzeff I, Guerif S, Castan F, Meyer E, Supiot S, Lagneau E, Deniaud-Alexandre E, Ronchin P, Benyoucef A, Cartier L, Hamidou H, Crehange G, Pommier P, Magne N, Zibouche M, Gross E, Ploussard G, Salomon L, Sargos P. GETUG-AFU 22 Phase II Randomized Trial Evaluating Outcomes of Post-Operative Immediate Salvage Radiation Therapy with or without ADT for Patients with Persistently Elevated PSA Level. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sargos P, Guerif S, Fraisse J, Meyer E, Supiot S, Lagneau E, Deniaud-Alexandre E, Rochin P, Benyoucef A, Cartier L, Hamidou H, Hasbini A, Crehange G, Pommier P, De Laroche G, Pelissier S, Gross E, Fourneret P, Salomon L, Latorzeff I. Late toxicity and quality of life from GETUG-AFU 22 study: A randomized phase II trial comparing 6 months of degarelix in combination with radiotherapy to radiotherapy alone for patients with detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Durand A, Cartier L, Duburcq T, Onimus T, Favory R, Preau S. [Causes, diagnosis and treatments of circulatory shocks]. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:799-807. [PMID: 31668884 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Shock states are the leading causes of intensive care admission and are nowadays associated with high morbidity and mortality. They are driven by a complex physiopathology and most frequently a multifactorial mechanism. They can be separated in whether a decrease of oxygen delivery (quantitative shock) or an abnormal cell distribution of cardiac output (distributive shock). Septic, cardiogenic and hypovolemic shocks represent more than 80% of shock etiologies. Clinical presentation is mostly characterized by frequent arterial hypotension and sign of poor clinical perfusion. Hyperlactatemia occurs in most of shock states. The diagnostic of shock or earlier reversible "pre-shock" states is urgent in order to initiate adequate therapy. Therefore, orientation and therapies must be discussed with intensive care physiologists in a multidisciplinary approach. Etiologic investigation and correction is a primary concern. Hemodynamic and respiratory support reflect another part of initial therapy toward normalization of cell oxygenation. Fluid resuscitation is the corner stone part of initial therapy of any form of shock. Vasoconstrictive drugs or inotropic support still often remain necessary. The primary goal of initial resuscitation should be not only to restore blood arterial pressure but also to improve clinical perfusion markers. On the biological side, decrease of lactate concentration is associated with better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Durand
- Service de réanimation, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, avenue du Pr.-Emile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, 5-(e) étage, université Lille, boulevard Pr.-Jules-Leclercq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - L Cartier
- Service de réanimation, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, avenue du Pr.-Emile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - T Duburcq
- Service de réanimation, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, avenue du Pr.-Emile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - T Onimus
- Service de réanimation, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, avenue du Pr.-Emile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - R Favory
- Service de réanimation, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, avenue du Pr.-Emile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, 5-(e) étage, université Lille, boulevard Pr.-Jules-Leclercq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - S Preau
- Service de réanimation, hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, avenue du Pr.-Emile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, 5-(e) étage, université Lille, boulevard Pr.-Jules-Leclercq, 59000 Lille, France.
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Latorzeff I, Guerif S, Fraisse J, Meyer E, Supiot S, Lagneau E, Deniaud-Alexandre E, Ronchin P, Benyoucef A, Cartier L, Hamidou H, Hasbini A, Crehange G, Pommier P, Magne N, Pelissier S, Gross E, Fourneret P, Salomon L, Sargos P. Late Toxicity and Quality of Life from GETUG-AFU 22 Study: A Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Radiotherapy +/- 6 Months of Degarelix as a Salvage Treatment for Patients with Detectable PSA after Radical Prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mineur L, Cartier L, Henric J, Tyran M, Aurélien B, Frederi P, Philippe H, Chauvet B. Chimioradiothérapie du cancer du canal anal : amélioration de la tolérance et de l’observance du traitement avec modulation d’intensité et boost intégré sans intervalle. Cancer Radiother 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cartier L, Broglia J, Grahek D, Chauvet B. Impact de la TEP à la choline dans la prise en charge des récidives biochimiques après traitement localisé des cancers de prostate. Cancer Radiother 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Astruc J, Garcia R, Chauvet B, Cartier L. Évaluation entre les opérateurs des recalages quotidiens par imagerie en coupes lors d’une radiothérapie prostatique avec modulation d’intensité. Cancer Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Auberdiac P, Chargari C, Négrier F, Boutinaud C, Zioueche A, Cartier L, Leduc B, Dumas JP, Colombeau P, de Laroche G, Magné N. Imagerie par résonance magnétique et délinéation de la prostate en radiothérapie : expérience monocentrique et revue de la littérature. Prog Urol 2012; 22:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Auberdiac P, Chargari C, Cartier L, Mélis A, Malkoun N, Chauleur C, Jacquin JP, de Laroche G, Magné N. [Exclusive radiotherapy and concurrent endocrine therapy for the management of elderly breast cancer patients: case study and review of hypofractionated schemes]. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:723-7. [PMID: 21802971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Normofractionated radiotherapy is standard for adjuvant management of patients treated with breast conservative surgery for breast cancer. However, many elderly patients are not eligible to such strategy, either because of concurrent diseases, or because the tumor is inoperable. Several protocols of exclusive radiotherapy have been reported in the literature, frequently using hypofractionated radiotherapy and endocrine therapy. We report a case of a patient treated with exclusive endocrine and radiotherapy and address the state of the art on hypofractionated schemes for the management of elderly breast cancer patients. While hypofractionated radiotherapy does not compromise the oncologic or cosmetic outcome, there is no prospective data that assesses the place of radiotherapy for the exclusive treatment of elderly patients. This strategy should be further assessed in clinical randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Auberdiac
- Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
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Auberdiac P, Cartier L, Chargari C, Hau Desbat NH, Zioueche A, Mélis A, Kirova YM, de Laroche G, Magné N. Radiothérapie de la chaîne mammaire interne dans les cancers du sein : état des lieux. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.07.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malkoun N, Fotso MJ, Cartier L, Forest F, Auberdiac P, Chargari C, Thorin J, Pacaut C, Peoc'h M, Nuti C, Schmitt T, Magné N. [Benefit of a prolonged adjuvant treatment with temozolomide for the management of patients with glioblastoma]. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:202-7. [PMID: 21450506 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temozolomide has significantly improved the outcome of patients with glioblastoma. However, the optimal duration of continuation treatment after chemoradiation remains uncertain. This retrospective analysis aims at assessing the feasibility, the tolerance, and the potential benefit of prolonging adjuvant temozolomide more than six months, which is the reference protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six patients were included in the analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 61 years old (range 40 to 77). Forty-five patients received a conformal external beam radiation with concurrent temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Then, 37 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. The treatment was continued until progression or toxicity. RESULTS During the adjuvant phase, no treatment discontinuation for toxicity was necessary. Eight patients required dose adaptation because of toxicity. Thirty-two patients presented tumor progression during the adjuvant phase. Overall median survival was 12.3 months (range 11-13.2 months) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.6 months (range 5.6-9.6 months). CONCLUSION These results suggest feasibility of delivering temozolomide beyond the six months of the standard protocol, with mild toxicity and survival data at least comparable to those from literature. Prospective assessments are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malkoun
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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Ramirez E, Cartier L, Rodriguez L, Alberti C, Valenzuela MA. In vivo fluctuation of Tax, Foxp3, CTLA-4, and GITR mRNA expression in CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells of patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:1109-15. [PMID: 20945034 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 Tax expression exerts an inhibitory effect on the Foxp3 transcription factor in CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cells (Treg). For a better understanding of the role of Tax mRNA in the gene expression of cellular markers we measured Tax, Foxp3, CTLA-4, GITR, TGF-β, and IL-10 mRNA in Treg cells of 50 patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP; 27 women and 23 men; mean age: 56.7 years). The control group consisted of 23 non-infected subjects (12 women and 11 men) with a mean age of 51.3 years. Real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA of Tax proteins and several cellular markers of Treg function. Determinations revealed a high level of Tax mRNA in HAM/TSP (124.35 copies/100 CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells). Foxp3, GITR, and CTLA-4 mRNA levels were lower in HAM/TSP patients (mean ± SD, 22.07 ± 0.78, 9.63 ± 0.36, and 4.54 ± 0.39, respectively) than in non-infected controls (47.15 ± 12.94, 22.14 ± 1.91, and 21.07 ± 2.31). Both groups had similar levels of TGF-β and IL-10. An inverse relationship was found between Tax levels and Foxp3, CTLA-4, and GITR levels. Conversely, there was a direct correlation between levels of Foxp3, GITR, and CTLA-4. Disease severity and evolution time did not correlate with Tax or Foxp3 levels. The present results suggest that Tax and Foxp3 mRNA vary with the same degree of disease severity in HAM/TSP patients. Tax fluctuations may affect CTLA-4 and GITR expression via the Foxp3 pathway, causing virus-induced dysfunction of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in HAM/TSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Cartier L, Ramirez E, Alberti C, Valenzuela M, Puente J. PO27-TH-08 HAM/TSP patients treated with betamethasone show variation in mRNA levels expression of tax and Foxp3. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(09)71178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cartier L, García L, Kettlun AM, Castañeda P, Collados L, Vásquez F, Giraudon P, Belin MF, Valenzuela MA. Extracellular matrix protein expression in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with tropical spastic paraparesis associated with HTLV‐I and Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009; 64:101-7. [PMID: 15115246 DOI: 10.1080/00365510410004308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the extracellular space of the CNS, thus biochemical processes in the CNS could potentially be reflected in the CSF. Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins can be studied through their analysis in the CSF. ECM plays an essential role in CNS homeostasis and several proteins such as laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), thrombospondin (TS) and heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HS, perlecan) form part of its structure. Possible changes in the levels of these proteins were investigated in two different pathologies--tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) (n=25) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) (n=19)--and compared with those in a control group with or without neurological disease (n=25). CSF analyses were carried out using monoclonal or monospecific polyclonal antibodies. In comparison with the control group, it was found that TSP/HAM patients presented significantly higher levels of LN, TS and HS, while in CJD patients the levels of FN, TS and HS were increased. In CJD patients the HS level was almost double that of the TSP/HAM patients. These results suggest a distinct pattern of ECM proteins in CSF in relation to the type of neurological disease. TSP/HAM is a chronic motor disease that affects the white matter of the spinal cord, while CJD is a subacute dementia that affects cerebral neurons and their synapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bevilacqua J, Bitoun M, Oldfors A, Lubieniecki F, Monges S, Taratuto A, Urtizberea A, Cartier L, Uro-Coste E, Cances C, Fardeau M, Guicheney P, Romero N. G.P.8 12 Centronuclear myopathy: clinical and morphological phenotype/genotype correlations. Neuromuscul Disord 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.05.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Laberge JM, Patenaude Y, Desilets V, Cartier L, Khalife S, Jutras L, Chen MF. Large hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma leading to mid-trimester fetal demise. Fetal Diagn Ther 2005; 20:141-5. [PMID: 15692210 DOI: 10.1159/000082439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a fetus with a large multiloculated cystic liver mass. Two small abdominal cysts were seen on ultrasound at 19 weeks of gestation but the patient was referred to us at 23 weeks, after the mass had grown to 8.0 x 5.6 x 7.0 cm, displacing intra-abdominal organs, heart and diaphragm. There was a small amount of ascites but no hydrops. There was polyhydramnios and a thick hyperechoic placenta. After detailed sonograms and MRI suggested the diagnosis of cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver, cyst decompression was favored and consent was obtained. Unfortunately, absence of fetal cardiac activity was noted on the day of the planned intervention. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis and demonstrated placental changes consistent with mesenchymal stem villous hyperplasia of the placenta. Large fetal cystic abdominal masses that compress the heart, lungs and other organs may benefit from prenatal decompression. This is the first report of cystic hamartoma of the liver apparent on second-trimester sonography, and the fourth time such a lesion is associated with fetal or neonatal death out of 11 cases diagnosed prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Laberge
- McGill Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Group, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
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Abstract
Infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) have been associated with the development of the HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The disease affects the pyramidal tract at the distal segments of spinal cord, generating a spastic paraparesis. We studied the presence of Tax protein in cerebrospinal fluid cells and spinal fluid (CSF) of 35 Chilean patients: 22 HAM/TSP patients (15 HTLV-I-seropositives, and 7 seronegatives), and 13 controls (9 PSP and 4 CJD non-infected patients). Tax antigens were evaluated with monoclonal antibodies reacting with Tax by immunofluorescence and ELISA assays in cerebrospinal fluid cells and CSF, respectively. Proviral was evaluated by PCR of tax gene in cerebrospinal fluid cells. Tax antigen was detected in CSF and lymphocytes of CSF from 4 and 12 HAM/TSP patients, respectively. Lymphocytes of CSF of 8 HAM/TSP (6 seropositives and 2 seronegatives) showed the presence of tax gene. These results show that cells of CSF from HAM/TSP patients are able to express and export Tax protein towards the CSF. This is the first report of the presence of Tax protein in cerebrospinal fluid cells and CSF from HAM/TSP HTLV-I seronegative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Department of Neurological Sciences of Medicine Faculty, Hospital del Salvador, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mitchell J, Punthakee Z, Lo B, Bernard C, Chong K, Newman C, Cartier L, Desilets V, Cutz E, Hansen IL, Riley P, Polychronakos C. Neonatal diabetes, with hypoplastic pancreas, intestinal atresia and gall bladder hypoplasia: search for the aetiology of a new autosomal recessive syndrome. Diabetologia 2004; 47:2160-7. [PMID: 15592663 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Neonatal diabetes is a rare disease with several identified molecular aetiologies. Despite associations with other malformations, neonatal diabetes with intestinal and biliary anomalies has not been described. The current study aims to describe a new syndrome, and to examine a possible link with one of three genes known to cause neonatal diabetes. METHODS Five clinical cases are described. Immunohistochemical staining for pancreatic islet hormones was performed on three of the infants. DNA from one infant was analysed for abnormalities of the PLAGL-1 (ZAC), glucokinase and PDX-1 (IPF-1) genes. RESULTS Five infants (two sibling pairs from two families, and an isolated case) presented with neonatal diabetes, hypoplastic or annular pancreas, jejunal atresia, duodenal atresia and gall bladder aplasia or hypoaplasia. One sibling pair was born to consanguineous parents. One patient with a milder form is surviving free of insulin. Four children died in the first year of life despite aggressive medical management. Pancreatic immunohistochemistry revealed few scattered chromogranin-A-positive cell clusters but complete absence of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Exocrine histology was variable. In one case from the consanguineous family, molecular analysis showed no duplication or uniparental isodisomy of PLAGL-1 at 6q24, no contiguous gene deletion involving the glucokinase gene, and no mutation in the coding sequences or splice sites of PDX-1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This combination of multiple congenital abnormalities has not been previously described and probably represents a new autosomal recessive syndrome involving a genetic abnormality that interferes with normal islet development and whose aetiology is as yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ramirez E, Cartier L, Flores R. In vitro cytoskeleton changes of mouse neurons induced by purified HTLV-1, and PBMC from HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 carriers. Arch Virol 2004; 149:2307-17. [PMID: 15338322 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HTLV-1 is the causative agent of HAM/TSP. This neurological disease affects the CNS producing damage of the motor tracts at the spinal cord. The HAM/TSP pathogenesis remains undefined. It could include direct and indirect actions of HTLV-1. We studied the effect of purified HTLV-1 and the PBMC of 22 Chilean patients co-cultivated with fetal neurons of mouse (CNh cells): 8 HAM/TSP, 8 HTLV-1 carriers, and 6 non-infected controls. The viral antigens and provirus in CNh cells was evaluated with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies reacting with HTLV-1 by immunofluorescence assay and PCR at 0, 7 and 15 days of co-cultures, respectively. Viral antigens were detected in 0.1-0.5%, and 0-0.3% of the neurons incubated with lymphocytes of HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 carriers, respectively. Neurons incubated with cells of 7 HAM/TSP patients, and 3 HTLV-1 carriers showed the presence of nucleotide sequences of tax gene. These results would be showing that CNh cells would express viral antigens and provirus. The HTLV-1 or their proteins were capable in vitro to produce structural and growth changes in the cytoskeleton of CNh neurons. In this series, the purified HTLV-1 was more effective in the neural changes than PBMC of HAM/TSP or HTLV-1 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Section of Virology, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ramirez E, Fernandez J, Cartier L, Villota C, Rios M. Defective human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus in seronegative tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) patients. Virus Res 2003; 91:231-9. [PMID: 12573502 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) have been associated with the development of the tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). We studied the presence of HTLV-I provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 72 Chilean patients with progressive spastic paraparesis by polymerase chain reaction: 32 seropositive and 40 seronegative cases. We amplified different genomic regions of HTLV-I using primers of 5' ltr, tax, env/tax, pX, pol and env genes. These genes were detected from all seropositive patients. The seronegative patients were negative with 5' ltr, pol, env, and pX primers. However, amplified product of tax and env/tax genes was detected from 16 and four seronegative patients, respectively. Three of them were positive with both genetic regions. The results of this study show that the complete HTLV-I provirus is found in 100% of seropositive cases. In seronegative cases, clinically very similar of seropositive cases, was found only tax gene in 42.5% (17/40) of patients. These results suggest the presence of a defective HTLV-I provirus in some seronegative patients with progressive spastic paraparesis, and suggest a pathogenic role of this truncate provirus for a group of TSP/HAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Section of Virology, Public Health Institute of Chile, Avenida Marathon 1000, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Buczyński J, Yanagihara R, Mora C, Cartier L, Verdugo A, Araya F, Castillo L, Gibbs CJ, Gajdusek CD, Rogers-Johnson P, Liberski PP. Tropical spastic paraparesis. Folia Neuropathol 2002; 39:265-9. [PMID: 11928898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the cause of endemic tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Because TSP/HAM is not a fatal disease, the neuropathology of this disease, albeit relatively well understood, is based on the examination of just a few incidental cases. We summarise our experience with the neuropathology of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). We studied three cases of TSP/HAM from different parts of the world. We demonstrated peculiar lamellated structures, called "multilamellar bodies" (MLB). It is tempting to suggest that MLB may represent specific ultrastructural markers of TSP/HAM. The pathology of the anteriorand posterior horns was similar and comprised axonal degeneration, accompanied by extensive astrocytic gliosis. Lymphocytic infiltration, particularly observed as "cuffs" around blood vessels, was scattered among other cellular elements. Ultrastructurally, myelin sheaths were relatively well preserved, and some demyelinated but not remyelinated fibres were observed. Moreover, axons with abnormal accumulations of neurofilaments, suggestive of axonal degeneration, were detected. Several axons contained Hirano bodies. In many samples glial processes replaced most of the remaining neuropil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buczyński
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Academy, Lódź, Poland
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23
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Abstract
Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus type I (HTLV-I) have been associated with the development of the HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Phylogenetic analyses of HTLV-I isolates have revealed that HTLV-I can be classified into three major groups: the Cosmopolitan, Central African and Melanesian. In the present study, we analyzed the tax, 5' ltr, gag, pol, and env sequences of proviruses of PBMC from ten HAM/TSP patients to investigate the phylogenetic characterization of HTLV-I in Chilean patients. HTLV-I provirus in PBMC from ten Chilean patients with HAM/TSP were amplified by PCR using primers of tax, 5' ltr, gag, pol, and env genes. Amplified products of the five genes were purified and nucleotide sequence was determined by the dideoxy termination procedure. DNA sequences were aligned with the CLUSTAL W program. The results of this study showed that the tax, 5' ltr, gag, pol, and env gene of the Chilean HTLV-I strains had a nucleotide homology ranged from 98.1 to 100%, 95 to 97%, 98.9 to 100%, 94 to 98%, and 94.2 to 98.5% respect to ATK-1 clone, respectively. According to molecular phylogeny with 5' ltr gene, the Chilean HTLV-I strains were grouped with each other suggesting one cluster included in Transcontinental subgroup.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chile
- DNA, Viral
- Female
- Gene Products, tax/genetics
- Genes, env
- Genes, gag
- Genes, pol
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/classification
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/blood
- Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Terminal Repeat Sequences
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Department of Virology, Public Health Institute of Chile, Av. Marathon 1000, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Motles E, Cartier L, Infante C. Induction and blockade of epileptic foci by intracerebral injection of glutamatergic agonists and antagonists in frerly moving cats. Arch Ital Biol 2002; 140:41-50. [PMID: 11889921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to test in adult cats the capability of three glutamatergic agonists, NMDA, AMPA and ACDP as epileptogenic agents. Drugs were microinjected in amygdala or hippocampus, and once generated an epileptic focus three selective glutamatergic antagonists NMDA, CNQX and MCPG, were tested. Before and after injection both the EEG and the behavior were continuously monitored. The results were as follows: 1) AMPA showed a greater capability than NMDA or ACPD to generate a chronic epileptic focus; 2) AMPA elicited a greater epileptogenic effect in hippocampus than in amygdala; NMDA had similar epileptogenic effect in both cited structures, and ACPD had not effect; 3) of the three glutamatergic antagonists used to block a long lasting focus, the most effective one was CNQX, which showed a greater effect in hippocampus than in amygdala; 4) comparison between the epileptogenic effect of AMPA and kainic acid (first paper) in the same structure, showed that kainic acid is about 15 fold more epileptogenic. A discussion of the probable mechanisms of these results was undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Motles
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
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Infante C, Cartier L, Motles E. Comparative study of the epileptogenic effect of kainic acid injected into the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala in adult cats chronically implanted. Arch Ital Biol 2002; 140:31-40. [PMID: 11889920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral injection of kainic acid in cerebral cortex, hippocampus or amygdala in cats chronically implanted showed that: 1) Hippocampus and amygdala presented a greater sensitivity than the cerebral cortex, while hippocampus presented a greater sensitivity than the amygdala to the generation of an epileptic focus. 2) Comparison of latency, mean duration of afterdischarges, and the mean time period to obtain the peak intensity of the afterdischarge in the three cited structures, showed that mean latency of the first afterdischarge was significantly shorter in hippocampus and amygdala compared with the cerebral cortex. Moreover the mean time period to reach the peak intensity of the afterdischarge was again shorter in the subcortical structures. 3) The epileptic foci both in hippocampus and amygdala were blocked by CNQX and muscimol. 4) The behavioral changes depended on the intensity of the epileptic process. Tonic-clonic convulsions appeared only when the motor cerebral cortex was involved. Finally, 5) kainic acid injections in hippocampus and amygdala elicited an intense neuronal destruction and gliosis of these structures. We conclude that intracerebral injection of low doses of kainic acid in cats represent a good model to study focal epileptic thresholds in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Infante
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
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26
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Castillo JL, Cea G, Cartier L, Verdugo R. [HTLV-I seronegative idiopathic progressive spastic paraparesis: clinical and neurophysiological study of the sensory features]. Rev Med Chil 2001; 129:735-41. [PMID: 11552441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a defined entity. However, there are many patients not well characterized with a similar clinical picture who are HTLV-I seronegative. OBJECTIVE Clinical and neurophysiological description of patients with HTLV-I seronegative idiopathic paraparesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (4 women and 13 men aged 24-67 years, average 52.3) were evaluated including clinical assessment, vibratory sensory analysis, quantitative somatosensory thermotest (QST), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), electromyography (EMG) and motor and sensory nerve conductions. RESULTS In addition to the spastic paraparesis, 3 (17.6%) patients had pseudobulbar symptoms. Ten (58.8%) patients had a spastic gait but could walk unaided, 6 (35.2%) needed support and 1 patient could not walk. Bladder dysfunction was found in 10 (58.8) patients and sensory symptoms in 7 (41.1%). There was mild distal impairment of vibration and position sense, distal tactile and pinprick hypoesthesia in 4 (23.4%) patients. Tibial SSEPs were abnormal in 11 (64.7%). Nerve conduction studies and EMG were normal. QST showed cold hypoesthesia in 14 (82.4%) patients. Warm sensation and beat pain appeared unimpaired. CONCLUSIONS All sensory abnormalities found were restricted to sensations carried by myelinated (A beta and A delta) channels. Sensory and motor abnormalities are similar to HAM/TSP patients suggesting a common pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Hospital del Salvador, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.
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27
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28
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29
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Abstract
The worldwide geographic and ethnic clustering of patients with diseases related to human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may be explained by the natural history of HTLV-1 infection. The genetic characteristics of indigenous people in the Andes are similar to those of the Japanese, and HTLV-1 is generally detected in both groups. To clarify the common origin of HTLV-1 in Asia and the Andes, we analyzed HTLV-1 provirus DNA from Andean mummies about 1500 years old. Two of 104 mummy bone marrow specimens yielded a band of human beta-globin gene DNA 110 base pairs in length, and one of these two produced bands of HTLV-1-pX (open reading frame encoding p(40x), p(27x)) and HTLV-1-LTR (long terminal repeat) gene DNA 159 base pairs and 157 base pairs in length, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of ancient HTLV-1-pX and HTLV-1-LTR clones isolated from mummy bone marrow were similar to those in contemporary Andeans and Japanese, although there was microheterogeneity in the sequences of some mummy DNA clones. This result provides evidence that HTLV-1 was carried with ancient Mongoloids to the Andes before the Colonial era. Analysis of ancient HTLV-1 sequences could be a useful tool for studying the history of human retroviral infection as well as human prehistoric migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sonoda
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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30
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Valenzuela MA, Collados L, Kettlun AM, González F, Cartier L. [Increased activity of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis]. Rev Med Chil 2000; 128:585-92. [PMID: 11016056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic modifications of neuronal surfaces and the surrounding extracellular matrix are very important in neuronal development and regeneration. Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors, due to secretion by macrophages and lymphocytes, occur in inflammatory processes that disrupt the blood brain barrier. However, neurons and microglia can also secrete these enzymes. AIM To identify the type of MMP present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and changes in the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in patients with HTLV-1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS CSF samples from 12 patients with HTLV-1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis and 12 healthy controls were obtained by an atraumatic lumbar puncture. The presence of MMPs was measured by zymography and the relative amounts of TIMPs were measured by immunowestern blot. RESULTS In the CSF of both controls and patients, a similar gelatinolytic band corresponding to proMMP-2 (latent form) was observed. In 83.3% of patients with HTLV 1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis, the MMP-9 was also present. TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were elevated 2.24 +/- 0.72, 3.85 +/- 1.38 and 5.89 +/- 3.4 fold, respectively, in the CSF of patients as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HTLV-1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis have elevated activity of MMP-9 and levels of TIMPs in the CSF, when compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Valenzuela
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile
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31
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Giraudon P, Szymocha R, Buart S, Bernard A, Cartier L, Belin MF, Akaoka H. T lymphocytes activated by persistent viral infection differentially modify the expression of metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, TIMPs, in human astrocytes: relevance to HTLV-I-induced neurological disease. J Immunol 2000; 164:2718-27. [PMID: 10679113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.5.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of T lymphocytes by human pathogens is a key step in the development of immune-mediated neurologic diseases. Because of their ability to invade the CNS and their increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, activated CD4+ T cells are thought to play a crucial role in pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined the expression of inflammatory mediators the cytokine-induced metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -3, and -9) and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, -2, and -3), in human astrocytes in response to activated T cells. We used a model system of CD4+ T lymphocytes activated by persistent viral infection (human T lymphotropic virus, HTLV-I) in transient contact with human astrocytes. Interaction with T cells resulted in increased production of MMP-3 and active MMP-9 in astrocytes despite increased expression of endogenous inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-3. These data suggest perturbation of the MMP/TIMP balance. These changes in MMP and TIMP expression were mediated, in part, by soluble factors (presumably cytokines) secreted by activated T cells. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is also involved in the change in MMP level, since blockade of integrin subunits (alpha1, alpha3, alpha5, and beta1) on T cells resulted in less astrocytic MMP-9-induced expression. Interestingly, in CNS tissues from neurological HTLV-I-infected patients, MMP-9 was detected in neural cells within the perivascular space, which is infiltrated by mononuclear cells. Altogether, these data emphasize the importance of the MMP-TIMP axis in the complex interaction between the CNS and invading immune cells in the context of virally mediated T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giraudon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U433, Faculté de Médecine R. Laënnec, Lyon, France.
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Valenzuela MA, Cartier L, Collados L, Kettlun AM, Araya F, Concha C, Flores L, Wolf ME, Mosnaim AD. Gelatinase activity of matrix metalloproteinases in the cerebrospinal fluid of various patient populations. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1999; 104:42-52. [PMID: 10604277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the enzymatic gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of samples obtained from 67 individuals, twenty-one nonneurological patients (considered controls) and 46 subjects with various neurological disorders e.g., vascular lesions, demyelination, inflammatory, degenerative and prion diseases. Biochemical characterization of MMPs, a family of neutral proteolytic enzymes involved in extracellular matrix modeling, included determination of substrate specificity and Ca+2 dependency, as well as the effects of protease inactivators, carboxylic and His (histidine) residue modifiers, and antibiotics. Whereas all CSF samples expressed MMP-2 (gelatinase A) activity, it corresponded in most cases (normal and pathological samples) to its latent form (proenzyme; pMMP-2). In general, inflammatory neurological diseases (especially meningitis and neurocisticercosis) were associated with the presence of a second enzyme, MMP-9 (or gelatinase B). Whereas MMP-9 was found in the CSF of every tropical spastic paraparesis patient studied, its presence in samples from individuals with vascular lesions was uncommon. Patients blood-brain barrier damage was ascertained by determining total CSF protein content using both, the conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure under denaturing conditions and capillary zone electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Valenzuela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago.
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Foti M, Cartier L, Piguet V, Lew DP, Carpentier JL, Trono D, Krause KH. The HIV Nef protein alters Ca(2+) signaling in myelomonocytic cells through SH3-mediated protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34765-72. [PMID: 10574946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.49.34765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus Nef plays an important role in AIDS pathogenesis. In addition to the well known down-regulation of cell surface receptors (CD4, MHCI), Nef is able to alter cellular signaling. Of particular interest for this study is the ability of Nef to bind with a very high affinity to SH3 domains of myelomonocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinases of the Src family (Src-like PTK). We have therefore investigated Ca(2+) signaling in HL60 cells retrovirally transduced with wild type Nef or with a Nef mutant deficient in the SH3-interacting proline-rich motif (Nef((PXXP)4(-))). In differentiated HL60 cells, Nef markedly altered cellular Ca(2+) signaling; the amount of intracellularly stored Ca(2+) was increased, and as a consequence, store-operated Ca(2+)-influx was decreased. This effect was not observed in undifferentiated HL60 cells or in CEM T-lymphocytes and correlated with the differentiation-induced up-regulation of Src-like PTK. The Nef effect on Ca(2+) signaling depended entirely on the integrity of its PXXP motif. The Src-like PTK p56/59(hck) co-immunoprecipitated with both Nef and with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, providing a possible mechanistic link between the viral protein and intracellular Ca(2+) stores of the host cell. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the human immunodeficiency virus 1 Nef protein manipulates intracellular Ca(2+) stores through SH3-mediated interactions in myelomonocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Foti
- Department of Morphology, Geneva Medical School, University of Geneva, CH-1225 Geneva, Switzerland
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34
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Li HC, Fujiyoshi T, Lou H, Yashiki S, Sonoda S, Cartier L, Nunez L, Munoz I, Horai S, Tajima K. The presence of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I provirus DNA in an Andean mummy. Nat Med 1999; 5:1428-32. [PMID: 10581088 DOI: 10.1038/71006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide geographic and ethnic clustering of patients with diseases related to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) may be explained by the natural history of HTLV-I infection. The genetic characteristics of indigenous people in the Andes are similar to those of the Japanese, and HTLV-I is generally detected in both groups. To clarify the common origin of HTLV-I in Asia and the Andes, we analyzed HTLV-I provirus DNA from Andean mummies about 1,500 years old. Two of 104 mummy bone marrow specimens yielded a band of human beta-globin gene DNA 110 base pairs in length, and one of these two produced bands of HTLV-I-pX (open reading frame encoding p40x, p27x) and HTLV-I-LTR (long terminal repeat) gene DNA 159 base pairs and 157 base pairs in length, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of ancient HTLV-I-pX and HTLV-I-LTR clones isolated from mummy bone marrow were similar to those in contemporary Andeans and Japanese, although there was microheterogeneity in the sequences of some mummy DNA clones. This result provides evidence that HTLV-I was carried with ancient Mongoloids to the Andes before the Colonial era. Analysis of ancient HTLV-I sequences could be a useful tool for studying the history of human retroviral infection as well as human prehistoric migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Li
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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35
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Fujiyoshi T, Li HC, Lou H, Yashiki S, Karino S, Zaninovic V, Oneegllo SG, Camacho M, Andrade R, Hurtado LV, Gomez LH, Damiani E, Cartier L, Dipierri JE, Hayami M, Sonoda S, Tajima K. Characteristic distribution of HTLV type I and HTLV type II carriers among native ethnic groups in South America. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999; 15:1235-9. [PMID: 10505671 DOI: 10.1089/088922299310124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To confirm the geographic and ethnic segregation of HTLV-I and HTLV-II carriers in native populations in South America, we have conducted a seroepidemiological study of native populations in South America, including HTLV-I carriers distributed among seven ethnic groups in the Andes highlands of Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile, and two ethnic groups on Chiloe Island and Easter Island; and HTLV-II carriers distributed among seven ethnic groups of the lowlands along the Atlantic coast of Colombia, Orinoco, Amazon, and Patagonia, and one ethnic group on Chiloe Island. The incidence rate of HTLV-I and HTLV-II carriers varied among the ethnic groups, ranging from 0.8 to 6.8% for HTLV-I seropositivity and from 1.4 to 57.9% for HTLV-II seropositivity. A new HTLV-I focus was found among the Peruvian Aymara (1.6%), the Bolivian Aymara (5.3%) and Quechua (4.5%), the Argentine Puna (2.3%), and the Chilean Atacama (4.1%), while on HTLV-II focus was found among the Brazilian Kayapo (57.9%), the Paraguayan Chaco (16.4%), and the Chilean Alacalf (34.8%) and Yahgan (9.1%). The distribution of HTLV-I/II foci showed a geographic clustering of HTLV-I foci in the Andes highlands and of HTLV-II foci in the lowlands of South America. It was thus suggested that South American natives might be divided into two major ethnic groups by HTLV-I and HTLV-II carrier state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujiyoshi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan
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36
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Cabrera ME, Labra S, Meneses P, Matutes E, Cartier L, Ford AM, Greaves MF. [Adult T cell leukemia lymphoma in Chile. A clinical pathologic and molecular study of 26 patients]. Rev Med Chil 1999; 127:935-44. [PMID: 10752254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult T cell leukemia lymphoma is a lymphoproliferative syndrome etiologically associated to human T cell lymphotropic virus type I. AIM To describe the clinical and laboratory features of 26 Caucasian Chilean patients, with HTLV-I positive adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). MATERIAL AND METHODS Diagnostic criteria included clinical features, cell morphology, immunophenotype, HTLV-I serology and/or DNA analysis by Southern blot or PCR. RESULTS According to the clinical presentation, 12 cases had the acute ATLL form, 6 had a lymphoma, 4 the chronic form and 4 had smoldering ATLL. The median presentation age was 50 years, younger than the Japanese patients, but significantly older than patients from other South American countries (e.g. Brasil, Jamaica, Colombia). The main clinical features: lymphadenopathy, skin lesions and hepatosplenomegaly, were similar in frequency to those of patients from other countries, except for the high incidence of associated neurological disease. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP) in our series of ATLL, was seen in one third of the patients (8/26). A T-cell immunophenotype was shown in all 26 cases and HTLV-I serology was positive in 25/26 patients. Molecular analysis on the seronegative patient showed clonal integration of proviral HTLV-I DNA into the lymphocytes DNA, and thus he may have been a poor responder to the retroviral infection. Proviral DNA integration was also demonstrated in 15/16 patients being clonal in 10, polyclonal in 3 (all smoldering cases) and oligoclonal in one. CONCLUSIONS ATLL in Chile has similar clinical and laboratory features than the disease in other parts of the world, except for a younger age than Japanese patients but older than those from other Latin American countries and a high incidence of patients with associated TSP. Detailed morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of the abnormal circulating lymphocytes, together with the documentation of HTLV-I by serology and/or DNA analysis are key tests for the identification of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cabrera
- Sección Hematología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago de Chile
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Cartier L, Ramírez E, Galeno H. [HTLV-I tax gene on the etiological identification of tropical spastic paraparesis. A clinical, serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study in 72 patients]. Rev Med Chil 1999; 127:945-52. [PMID: 10752255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is an endemic disease in Chile. In most countries, only 50% of patients are seropositive to HTLV-I. However, new studies suggest that seronegative TSP is also associated with HTLV-I. AIM To describe clinical and virological features of seronegative patients with TSP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy two Chilean patients with TSP, studied by clinical, radiological and laboratory methods during 1998, are reported. The determination of antibodies to HTLV-I was accomplished by ELISA, immunofluorescence and Western-blot analysis. Polymerase chain reaction for tax and 5'Ltr genes was made using primers SK 43-44, LTR1 and LTR6. RESULTS Thirty one patients were HTLV-I positive and 41 were negative. No clinical, radiological or laboratory differences were observed between both groups. In seropositive patients, tax and 5'ltr viral gene sequences of the HTLV-I provirus were detected in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In seronegative cases, sequences of tax gene were detected, exclusively, in 18 of 41 patients. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm an association with HTLV-I infection in 43.9% of the TSP seronegative patients. These findings support the hypothesis that a defective provirus infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells in seronegative cases of TSP. The importance tax gene in the diagnosis of the TSP is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile
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Castillo JL, Cea JG, Verdugo RJ, Cartier L. Sensory dysfunction in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. A comprehensive neurophysiological study. Eur Neurol 1999; 42:17-22. [PMID: 10394043 DOI: 10.1159/000008063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive clinical and neurophysiological evaluation of function of the large- and small-caliber afferent pathways in 29 patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Sensory symptoms, particularly cutaneous paresthesias, were present in 11 (37.9%) patients. On examination, a mild distal impairment of vibration and sense of position were found in 14 (48.2%) and 5 (17.2%) patients, respectively. Ten (34.4%) patients had distal tactile hypoesthesia and 7 (24.1%) presented pinprick hypoesthesia. Quantitative somatosensory thermotest showed cold hypoesthesia in 58.6% of patients. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography were normal. Tibial somatosensory evoked potentials were abnormal in 88.5% of patients. All of the sensory abnormalities found were restricted to sensations carried by myelinated (A-beta and A-delta) fibers. Unmyelinated C fibers mediating warm sensation and thermal pain appeared unimpaired. Our findings indicate that the sensory dysfunction in HAM/TSP patients is probably due to a lesion restricted to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Castillo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital del Salvador, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Liberski PP, Buczyński J, Yanagihara R, Mora C, Gibbs CJ, Gajdusek C, Cartier L, Verdugo A, Araya F, Castillo L. Ultrastructural pathology of a Chilean case of tropical spastic paraparesis/human T-cell lymphotropic type I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Ultrastruct Pathol 1999; 23:157-62. [PMID: 10445282 DOI: 10.1080/019131299281653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), is the cause of endemic tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Because TSP/HAM is not a fatal disease, the neuropathology of this disease, albeit relatively well understood, is based on the examination of just a few incidental cases. Previously, we demonstrated peculiar lamellated structures, called "multilamellar bodies" (MLB). In this report, we present the ultrastructural neuropathology of a TSP/HAM case from Chile, with further detailed descriptions of MLB. It is tempting to suggest that MLB may represent specific ultrastructural markers of TSP/HAM. The pathology of the anterior and posterior horns was similar and was comprised of axonal degeneration, accompanied by extensive astrocytic gliosis. Lymphocytic infiltration, particularly observed as "cuffs" around blood vessels, was scattered among other cellular elements. Ultrastructurally, myelin sheaths were relatively well preserved, and some demyelinated but not remyelinated fibers were observed. Moreover, axons with abnormal accumulations of neurofilaments, suggestive of axonal degeneration, were detected. Several axons contained Hirano bodies. In many samples, glial processes replaced most of the remaining neuropil. In a few specimens of the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord, MLB were observed. These structures consisted of stacks of 30 to 40 electron-dense lamellae, which were interrupted by narrow electron-lucent spaces. All of the lamellae were immersed within an amorphous substance of intermediate density. Neurons of the dorsal root ganglia were basically normal except for increased lipofuscin accumulation. As in the spinal cord, myelinated axons were well preserved, but a few were demyelinated and surrounded by concentric arrays of Schwann cell membranes. Also, axons of the dorsal roots accumulated increased number of neurofilaments. Mast cells and Schwann cells were increased in number, the latter containing abundant pi granules and myelin fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Liberski
- Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Cartier L, Gormaz A. [Subcortical dementia in HTLV-I tropical spastic paraparesis. Study of 43 cases]. Rev Med Chil 1999; 127:444-50. [PMID: 10451610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system damage associated to HTLV-I does not limit itself to the spinal cord, but also involves subcortical structures, producing cognitive impairment and behavioral changes which eventually could conform a new form of subcortical dementia. AIM To study cognitive changes in patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty three patients (31 female) with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis, aged 52 years old as a mean and with a disease lasting a mean of 7.5 years, were studied. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological and neurophysiological changes. The virus was identified with ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, Western Blot or proviral DNA identification. Cognitive assessment was done using the Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Benton Visual Retention Test (form D). Patients were grouped according to their motor disability in; 23 patients with independent spastic gait, 11 patients that needed support to walk and 9 patients unable to walk. RESULTS WAIS test demonstrated cognitive impairment with special deficit in some subtests such as Digit Span, Digit Symbol, Picture Arrangement and Object Assembly. Benton Test also disclosed cognitive impairment. There was a positive relationship between cognitive and motor performance. CONCLUSIONS At least 50% of patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis have certain degree of intellectual and affective impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Universidad de Chile
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Cartier L, Araya F, Avendaño R, Vergara C, García M. [Cerebral hemorrhage and angiopathy amyloid]. Rev Med Chil 1999; 127:295-303. [PMID: 10436713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is considered pathogenic in non traumatic cerebral lobar hemorrhages. AIM To study the frequency of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in brains of patients dying of non traumatic cerebral hemorrhages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty seven brains from patients, 25 men and aged 65 +/- 10 years old, with cerebral hemorrhages (14 lobar, 18 in basal ganglia and 5 in cerebellum or brainstem) were studied. As controls, the brains of 30 subjects, 14 men and aged 64 +/- 16 years old, dying of non neurological causes were studied. Deep and cortical vessels were stained with hematoxylin eosin, Gomori, Thioflavin T and Bodian. Definitive cerebral amyloid angiopathy was diagnosed when amyloid deposition was observed in the media of vessels. RESULTS Twenty six out of 32 patients dying of cerebral hemorrhage and 3 of 21 controls had chronic hypertension. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was present in 19 of 37 brains of patients with cerebral hemorrhage and 13 of 30 control brains. In patients with hypertension, vascular changes independent of the location and volume of amyloid deposition, were observed. Such changes were dilatation, tortuousness, thickening of walls specially in muscular and adventitia and hyaline degeneration. Thirteen brains with hemorrhage had fibrinoid necrosis and 10 had microaneurysms. CONCLUSIONS In this series of patients, cerebral amyloid deposition was unspecific and its role in the pathogenesis of cerebral hemorrhages was not confirmed. Hypertension was associated with vascular degenerative changes that can lead to cerebral hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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Cartier L, García M, Peñaherrera P, Vergara C. [Multiple mononeuropathy and vasculitis]. Rev Med Chil 1999; 127:189-96. [PMID: 10436699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy percent of vasculitis are neurologically expressed as multiple mononeuropathy (MM) or asymmetrical neuropathy (AN). Concurrent nerve and muscle biopsy increases the diagnostic accuracy of the disease. AIM To define the pathological features of vascular damage in nerve and muscle in patients with MM or AN. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1980 and 1997, 50 patients with a MM or AN diagnosis, based on neurological and neurophysiological findings, were studied at the Neurology Department of Hospital del Salvador. All underwent nerve and muscle biopsy (of the superficial peroneal nerve and the short peroneal muscle). Slices were stained with hematoxylin eosin, luxol fast blue and Gomori staining. RESULTS Forty two patients, aged 52 +/- 15 years old (29 female) had a vasculitis. These subjects with MM or AN associated to vasculitis, corresponded to 22% of neuropathies subjected to nerve biopsy at the Department in the study period. Thirty two cases (76%) had necrotizing arteritis, characterized by wall fibrinoid necrosis and lumen occlusion in large vessels (> 100 microns), with lymphoplasmocytic and macrophage infiltration. Ten cases showed an inflammatory reaction and endothelial proliferation without wall necrosis, specially in small epineural arteries. Vascular recanalization was found in 33% of cases. Diagnostic vascular changes were found in 87% of nerve biopsies and 53% of muscle biopsies. No definitive relationship between the intensity of vascular and nerve lesions was found. All muscle biopsies showed some degree of neurogenic atrophy and 5 had micro infarcts. CONCLUSIONS Superficial peroneal nerve biopsy is diagnostic in most patients with MM or AN associated with vasculitis. Nerve and muscle biopsies are complementary in the diagnostic work up.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago-Chile
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Cartier L, Arellano R, García L, Araya F, Campero M. [Optic neuromyelitis: a necrotizing disease of the central nervous system]. Rev Med Chil 1998; 126:981-6. [PMID: 9830751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Optic neuromyelitis is characterized by simultaneous or successive necrotizing lesions involving the optic nerves and the spinal cord. We report two females with the disease, aged 30 and 34 years old. In the latter, a neuropathological study was done. Both patients had clinical, neuroradiological and pathological features that differed from those of primary demyelinating syndromes such as multiple sclerosis. These patients illustrate the selectivity of optic nerve and spinal cord lesions. The latter involve mainly pyramidal and Goll tracts while, within the necrotizing lesions of the optic chiasma, the fibers of the unaffected optic nerve are spared. This pattern suggests a selective injury to some population of axons. Blood vessels were not affected in the necrotizing areas and the lesions did not follow a vascular territory, therefore a vascular mechanism causing the disease is unlikely. The clinical and neuropathological features of neuromyelitis optic suggest a selective involvement of some axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile
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Nien JK, Schmidt J, Cartier L, Alvarez J. Cerebrospinal fluid of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy patients induces axonal sproutings and Schwann cell proliferation in the rat sciatic nerve. J Neurol Sci 1998; 159:17-24. [PMID: 9700698 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-1 (human T-cell leukemia virus type I) associated myelopathy (HAM) is a demyelinating disease. We showed that the CSF of patients and heated CSF of normal subjects induce a segmentary demyelination in rat nerves, and potentiate trypsin in vitro. Here we further characterize the neuropathy induced by the CSF of patients. Peroneal nerves injected 5-8 days before with native or heated CSF of patients, besides extensive demyelination, presented proliferation of myelinating and nonmyelinating Schwann cells, axonal sprouting, fine fibres with a few turns of myelin, disarray of nonmedullated bundles, desmosome-like junctions, and coated pits and vesicles in Schwann cells and axons. The normal CSF was innocuous to the nerve in its native form, but after heating, it induced a neuropathy in all, similar to that elicited by the CSF of patients. Our findings indicate that the CSF of HAM patients contains a thermostable pathogen for nerves of the rat; a thermostable pathogen also occurs in the normal CSF although its activity is checked by endogenous thermolabile factors. We suggest that the pathogen present in the CSF of HAM patients participates in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Nien
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramirez E, Cartier L, Rios M, Fernandez J. Defective human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus in 10 Chilean seronegative patients with tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:1811-3. [PMID: 9620431 PMCID: PMC104931 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.6.1811-1813.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the presence of tax and ltr genes from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 seronegative patients with tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy by PCR. Only a region of the tax gene from 10 patients was amplified. The nucleotide homologies of six Chilean isolates to the ATK-1 clone ranged between 98.7 and 99.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramirez
- Department of Health Laboratories, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago.
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Cartier L, Ramírez E, Galeno H. [Familial form of tropical spastic paraparesis. Report of 4 families]. Rev Med Chil 1998; 126:419-26. [PMID: 9699373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report eight patients with familial tropical spastic paraparesis belonging to four families. The diagnosis was reached by clinical, radiological and electrophysiological studies. Human lymphotropic virus type I infection was confirmed by ELISA, immunofluorescence essays. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using primers for tax and 5'ltr genes. In all these families there was a vertical transmission of the disease from the first to the second generation. All patients improved their spastic gait after prednisone treatment. Among patients of the second generation, all had dacrysialoadenitis, three had leukemia like lymphocytes in the blood smear, two had mycosis fungoides and one had hepatic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartier
- Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile
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Zambrano H, Cartier L, Vergara C, López E. [Isolated central nervous system demyelinating syndrome as the clinical expression of late multiple sclerosis. Report of one case]. Rev Med Chil 1998; 126:309-14. [PMID: 9674302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a 56 years old male who developed a transverse myelopathy with cuadriparesis, neurogenic bladder and a sensitive level at C4. Cerebral and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging showed only one demyelinative lesion at the cervical level. Post mortem neuropathological study showed segmental myelin loss without anatomical limits and with axonal preservation in the involved spinal cord segment. This lesion had the classical features of multiple sclerosis. The isolated lesion, the pathological findings and the delayed age of onset allow the definition of this case as an isolated nervous system demyelinative syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zambrano
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Salvador, Facultad de Medicina Oriente, Universidad de Chile
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Cartier L, Araya F, Avendaño R, Vergara C. 1-07-05 Vascular amyloidosis and cerebral hemorrhage: A frequent association, not necessarily pathogenic. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)84860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cartier L, Gormaz A. 5-12-13 Human T. limphotropic virus TIPE I (HTLV-1) associated to cognitive impairment in TSP/HAM patients. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)86325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sasi K, Sanderson D, Eydoux P, Cartier L, Scriver CR, Treacy E. Prenatal diagnosis for inborn errors of metabolism and haemoglobinopathies: the Montreal Children's Hospital experience. Prenat Diagn 1997; 17:681-5. [PMID: 9249871 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199707)17:7<681::aid-pd117>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed all referrals for prenatal diagnosis for inborn errors of metabolism and haemoglobinopathies performed at the Montreal Children's Hospital Prenatal Diagnosis Centre/McGill University during the period 1990-1995; 92 procedures were performed for these indications (less than 1 per cent of all referrals for prenatal diagnosis). All prenatal diagnoses for haemoglobinopathies (n = 55) were exclusively DNA-based. The three most frequent referrals were for beta-thalassaemia, sickle cell anaemia, and Tay-Sachs disease, accounting for 68 per cent of cases; the other indications were predominantly for untreatable inborn errors of metabolism. Our unit maintains population-based carrier screening programmes in high schools for beta-thalassaemia and Tay-Sachs diseases. Carriers detected in these programmes accounted for the majority of referrals for these two conditions. This study indicates that carrier testing and screening for sickle cell anaemia may be also welcomed by at-risk groups in Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sasi
- Montreal Children's Hospital/McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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