1
|
Pan L, Mora J, Walravens K, Wagner L, Hopper S, Loo L, Bettoun D, Bond S, Dessy F, Downing S, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Henderson N, Irwin C, Ishii-Watabe A, Kar S, Jawa V, Joseph J, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McDevitt J, Mohapatra S, Seitzer J, Smith J, Solstad T, Sugimoto H, Tounekti O, Wu B, Wu Y, Xu Y, Xu J, Yamamoto T, Yang L, Torri A, Kirshner S, Maxfield K, Vasconcelos JP, Abhari MR, Verthelyi D, Brodsky E, Carrasco-Triguero M, Kamerud J, Andisik M, Baltrukonis D, Bivi N, Cludts I, Coble K, Gorovits B, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Millner AH, Joyce A, Kubiak RJ, Kumar S, Liao K, Manangeeswaran M, Partridge M, Pine S, Poetzl J, Rajadhyaksha M, Rasamoelisolo M, Richards S, Song Y, Swanson S, Thacker S, Wadhwa M, Wolf A, Zhang L, Zhou L. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: FDA Draft Guidance on Immunogenicity Information in Prescription Drug Labeling, LNP & Viral Vectors Therapeutics/Vaccines Immunogenicity, Prolongation Effect, ADA Affinity, Risk-based Approaches, NGS, qPCR, ddPCR Assays ( Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment of Biotherapeutics and Novel Modalities; NAb Assays Integrated Approach). Bioanalysis 2023; 15:773-814. [PMID: 37526071 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 2 (LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 15 (2023), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mayeza S, Loo L, Dyer R, Arcache M. Coagulation in the HIV-positive pregnant patient : a thromboelastography study. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2020. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2020.26.4.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
3
|
Yu H, Katsaros D, Biglia N, Shen Y, Loo L, Yu X, Lin H, Fu Y, Chu W, Fei P, Ni Y, Jia W, Deng X, Qian B, Wang Z. Abstract P5-07-03: Withdrawn. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p5-07-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - D Katsaros
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - N Biglia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Y Shen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - L Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - X Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - H Lin
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Y Fu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - W Chu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - P Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Y Ni
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - W Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - X Deng
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - B Qian
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Z Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center; S. Anna Hospital, n 5 and After Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria; University of Torino School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravindran RP, McGuire J, Patel M, Loo L, Patel M, Vokes L, Holdaway L, Smith A, Vrakas G, Reddy S, Friend P, Shine B, Allan P. PWE-095 Serum micronutrients levels are maintained post-intestinal transplant in keeping with graft function. Nutrition 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314472.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Chong CDK, Loo L, Wilkens L, Caberto C. High relapse rates and poor survival of native Hawaiian (NH) women with HER2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
6
|
Lockney DM, Guenther RN, Loo L, Overton W, Antonelli R, Clark J, Hu M, Luft C, Lommel SA, Franzen S. The Red clover necrotic mosaic virus Capsid as a Multifunctional Cell Targeting Plant Viral Nanoparticle. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 22:67-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100361z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin M. Lockney
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Richard N. Guenther
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Lina Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Wesley Overton
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Ray Antonelli
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Jennifer Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Chris Luft
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Steven A. Lommel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States, and NanoVector, Inc., P. O. Box 98385, Raleigh, North Carolina 27624-8385, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Icosahedral virus capsids demonstrate a high degree of selectivity in packaging cognate nucleic acid components during assembly. This packaging specificity, when integrated as part of a nanotechnological protocol, has the potential to encapsidate a wide array of foreign materials for delivery of therapeutics or biosensors into target cells. Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) exclusively packages two genomic ssRNAs initiated by a specific protein:RNA interaction between the RCNMV coat protein (CP) and the viral RNA origin of assembly (OAS) element. In the present work, an oligonucleotide mimic of the RCNMV OAS sequences is attached to Au nanoparticles as a recognition signal to initiate the virion-like assembly by RCNMV CP. Covalent linkage of the OAS to Au functions as a trigger for specific encapsidation and demonstrates that foreign cargo can be packaged into RCNMV virions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Loo
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Venketasubramanian N, Chan BPL, Lim E, Hafizah N, Goh KT, Lew YJ, Loo L, Yin A, Widjaja L, Loke WC, Kuick G, Lee NL, Ong BS, Koh SF, Heng BH, Cheah J. Stroke disease management--a framework for comprehensive stroke care. Ann Acad Med Singap 2002; 31:452-60. [PMID: 12161880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Disease management is an approach to patient care that coordinates medical resources for the patient across the entire healthcare delivery system throughout the lifetime of the patient with the disease. Stroke is suitable for disease management as it is a well-known disease with a high prevalence, high cost, variable practice pattern, poor clinical outcome, and managed by a non-integrated healthcare system. It has measurable and actionable outcomes, with available local expertise and support of the Ministry of Health. Developing the programme requires a multidisciplinary team, baseline data on target populations and healthcare services, identification of core components, collaboration with key stakeholders, development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and carepaths, institution of care coordinators, use of information technology and continuous quality improvement to produce an effective plan. Core components include public education, risk factor screening and management, primary care and specialist clinics, acute stroke units, inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities, and supportive community services including medical, nursing, therapy, home help and support groups for patients and carers. The family physician plays a key role. Coordination of services is best done by a network of hospital and community-based care managers, and is enhanced by a coordinating call centre. Continuous quality improvement is required, with audit of processes and outcomes, facilitated by a disease registry. Pitfalls include inappropriate exclusion of deserving patients, misuse, loss of physician and patient independence, over-estimation of benefits, and care fragmentation. Collaboration and cooperative among all parties will help ensure a successful and sustainable programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Venketasubramanian
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brubaker K, Cowley SM, Huang K, Loo L, Yochum GS, Ayer DE, Eisenman RN, Radhakrishnan I. Solution structure of the interacting domains of the Mad-Sin3 complex: implications for recruitment of a chromatin-modifying complex. Cell 2000; 103:655-65. [PMID: 11106735 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene-specific targeting of the Sin3 corepressor complex by DNA-bound repressors is an important mechanism of gene silencing in eukaryotes. The Sin3 corepressor specifically associates with a diverse group of transcriptional repressors, including members of the Mad family, that play crucial roles in development. The NMR structure of the complex formed by the PAH2 domain of mammalian Sin3A with the transrepression domain (SID) of human Mad1 reveals that both domains undergo mutual folding transitions upon complex formation generating an unusual left-handed four-helix bundle structure and an amphipathic alpha helix, respectively. The SID helix is wedged within a deep hydrophobic pocket defined by two PAH2 helices. Structure-function analyses of the Mad-Sin3 complex provide a basis for understanding the underlying mechanism(s) that lead to gene silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brubaker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smith DM, Giobbie-Hurder A, Weinberger M, Oddone EZ, Henderson WG, Asch DA, Ashton CM, Feussner JR, Ginier P, Huey JM, Hynes DM, Loo L, Mengel CE. Predicting non-elective hospital readmissions: a multi-site study. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Primary Care and Readmissions. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53:1113-8. [PMID: 11106884 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine clinical and patient-centered factors predicting non-elective hospital readmissions. DESIGN Secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial. CLINICAL SETTING Nine VA medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Patients discharged from the medical service with diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Non-elective readmission within 90 days. RESULTS Of 1378 patients discharged, 23.3% were readmitted. After controlling for hospital and intervention status, risk of readmission was increased if the patient had more hospitalizations and emergency room visits in the prior 6 months, higher blood urea nitrogen, lower mental health function, a diagnosis of COPD, and increased satisfaction with access to emergency care assessed on the index hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Both clinical and patient-centered factors identifiable at discharge are related to non-elective readmission. These factors identify high-risk patients and provide guidance for future interventions. The relationship of patient satisfaction measures to readmission deserves further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Smith
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center (11H), 1481 W. Tenth St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McArthur GA, Laherty CD, Quéva C, Hurlin PJ, Loo L, James L, Grandori C, Gallant P, Shiio Y, Hokanson WC, Bush AC, Cheng PF, Lawrence QA, Pulverer B, Koskinen PJ, Foley KP, Ayer DE, Eisenman RN. The Mad protein family links transcriptional repression to cell differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1999; 63:423-33. [PMID: 10384307 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1998.63.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G A McArthur
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1042, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Loo L, Couperus J. Preservation of the chief medical residency. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:511. [PMID: 9499349 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
13
|
Oddone EZ, Weinberger M, Horner M, Mengel C, Goldstein F, Ginier P, Smith D, Huey J, Farber NJ, Asch DA, Loo L, Mack E, Hurder AG, Henderson W, Feussner JR. Classifying general medicine readmissions. Are they preventable? Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies in Health Services Group on Primary Care and Hospital Readmissions. J Gen Intern Med 1996; 11:597-607. [PMID: 8945691 DOI: 10.1007/bf02599027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a new quality assessment method used to classify the preventability of hospitalization in terms of patient, clinician, or system factors. DESIGN The instrument was developed in two phases. Phase 1 was a prospective comparison of admitting residents' and their attending physicians' classifications of the perceived preventability of consecutive admissions to one Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) excluding admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU). In phase 2, a panel of 10 physicians rated 811 abstracted records of readmissions from nine VAMCs. SETTING Nine VAMCs across the United States with varying degrees of university hospital affiliation. PATIENTS Phase 1, 156 patients admitted to the general medicine service at the Durham VAMC. Phase 2, 514 patients accounting for 811 readmissions within 6 months of a general medicine service discharge at nine VAMCs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Physicians used a checklist to record the reason for hospitalization, the preventability of the hospitalization, and, if preventable, a reason defining preventability, which was classified in terms of system, clinician, and patient factors. In phase 2, two physician panelists assessed preventability for each chart. When two panelists disagreed on the preventability of hospitalization, a third panelist, blind to the original assessments, rated the chart. In phase 1, residents and attending physicians rated 33% and 34% of admissions as preventable (kappa = 0.41), respectively. In phase 2, 277 (34%) of 811 readmissions were deemed preventable. Intraobserver accuracy for the assessment of preventability was 96% (kappa = 0.89). interobserver accuracy was 73% (kappa = 0.43). Hospital system factors accounted for 37% of preventable readmissions, clinician factors for 38%, and patient factors for 21%. The nine hospitals differed markedly in their profile of reasons for preventable readmissions (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS Using a new method of determining the preventability of hospitalizations, we identified several factors that might avert hospitalizations. Focusing efforts to identify preventable hospitalizations may yield better methods for managing patients' total health care needs; however, the content of those efforts will vary by institution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Z Oddone
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Loo L, Fisher F, Castro D, Byrne J. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: preoperative evaluation. JAMA 1993; 270:1318-9. [PMID: 8360964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
15
|
Fahmy RN, Loo L. Prolonged recrudescence of Plasmodium falciparum. South Med J 1992; 85:221-2. [PMID: 1738899 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-199202000-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Hendy J, Loo L, Cauchi M. A silent DNA mutation that may cause anomalous results in antenatal diagnosis. Pathology 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)36001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Reuben JM, Gonik B, Li S, Loo L, Turpin J. Induction of cytokines in normal placental cells by the human immunodeficiency virus. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 1991; 10:195-9. [PMID: 1883914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Placental cotyledon mononuclear cells (CMC) resemble peripheral blood monocytes/marcophages (MM) with respect to their expression of surface antigens and cellular function. CMC also express the CD4 antigen receptor and are thus susceptible to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When vertical transmission of HIV from mother to fetus occurs, the infection often remains latent until appropriate factors initiate the transcription of virus-specific mRNA. Cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) which are produced by MM, up-regulate HIV expression in infected cells. The induction of cytokines in MM does not require active infection with HIV since heat-inactivated HIV (iHIV) and envelope gp120 caused cytokine secretion. We studied the ability of CMC from normal placentas to secrete these cytokines following stimulation with endotoxin, iHIV, recombinant GP160 and GAG55, and synthetic p17, HGP-30. Whereas CMC spontaneously secreted low levels of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, they constitutively secreted high levels of IL-6. All cytokine levels could be boosted by endotoxin. GP160, iHIV, and HGP-30 failed to augment cytokine levels above baseline. In contrast, GAG55 significantly boosted only TNF-alpha. The relevance of these findings is discussed with respect to the putative roles of cytokines in the immunoregulation of HIV in utero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Reuben
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fahmy RN, Loo L. Imported dual plasmodial infection. South Med J 1991; 84:673. [PMID: 2035102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
19
|
Manser E, Fernandez D, Loo L, Goh PY, Monfries C, Hall C, Lim L. Human carboxypeptidase E. Isolation and characterization of the cDNA, sequence conservation, expression and processing in vitro. Biochem J 1990; 267:517-25. [PMID: 2334405 PMCID: PMC1131319 DOI: 10.1042/bj2670517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), which cleaves C-terminal amino acid residues and is involved in neuropeptide processing, is itself subject to intracellular processing. Human CPE cDNA was isolated and sequence comparisons were made with those of a previously isolated brain cDNA (M1622) encoding rat CPE and of other human carboxypeptidases (M and N). Human (2.5 kb) and rat (2.1 kb) CPE cDNAs approximated to the size of their respective mRNAs; additional sequences were located in putative 5' and 3' untranslated regions of human CPE mRNA. There is 79% sequence similarity between human and rat CPE cDNAs, with greater similarity (89%) over the coding region and short sections of the non-coding sequence. The predicted 476-amino acid-residue sequences of human and rat preproCPEs are highly conserved (96% identity), with lower degree of similarity of the N-terminal signal peptide (76%). Human CPE showed 51% and 43% sequence similarity to human CPN and CPM respectively, with discrete regions of divergence dispersed between the highly conserved mechanistically implicated regions. Antiserum generated from a fusion protein, synthesized in Escherichia coli from constructs of the human cDNA, recognized an approx. 50 kDa membrane protein and a smaller soluble protein in rat and human brain preparations, corresponding to the two forms of native CPE. Human CPE mRNA transcripts directed the synthesis in reticulocyte lysate of a 54 kDa translation product, which in the presence of dog pancreas microsomal membranes was co-translationally processed with cleavage, insertion into membranes and glycosylation. Three processed forms were generated, the largest (56 kDa) and smallest (52 kDa) being equally glycosylated. The membrane association of the processed translation products and of native brain membrane CPE, detected immunologically, was resistant to moderate alkali but not pH 11.5 extraction. These results are consistent with secondary-structure predictions that CPE is a peripheral membrane protein. The dissimilar regions of human carboxypeptidases may provide information on sequences responsible for their different cellular disposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Manser
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loo L, Braude A. Cerebral cysticercosis in San Diego. A report of 23 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1982; 61:341-59. [PMID: 6755150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|