1
|
Singh VK, Whitcomb DC, Banks PA, AlKaade S, Anderson MA, Amann ST, Brand RE, Conwell DL, Cote GA, Gardner TB, Gelrud A, Guda N, Forsmark CE, Lewis M, Sherman S, Muniraj T, Romagnuolo J, Tan X, Tang G, Sandhu BS, Slivka A, Wilcox CM, Yadav D, Guda N, Banks P, Conwell D, Lo SK, Gelrud A, Gardner T, Baillie J, Forsmark CE, Muniraj T, Sherman S, Singh VK, Lewis M, Romagnuolo J, Hawes R, Cote GA, Lawrence C, Anderson MA, Amann ST, Etemad B, DeMeo M, Kochman M, Abberbock JN, Barmada MM, Bauer E, Brand RE, Kennard E, LaRusch J, O'Connell M, Stello K, Slivka A, Talluri J, Tang G, Whitcomb DC, Wisniewski SR, Yadav D, Burton F, AlKaade S, DiSario J, Sandhu BS, Money M, Steinberg W. Acute pancreatitis precedes chronic pancreatitis in the majority of patients: Results from the NAPS2 consortium. Pancreatology 2022; 22:1091-1098. [PMID: 36404201 PMCID: PMC10122210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanistic definition of chronic pancreatitis (CP) identifies acute pancreatitis (AP) as a precursor stage. We hypothesized that clinical AP frequently precedes the diagnosis of CP and is associated with patient- and disease-related factors. We describe the prevalence, temporal relationship and associations of AP in a well-defined North American cohort. METHODS We evaluated data from 883 patients with CP prospectively enrolled in the North American Pancreatitis Studies across 27 US centers between 2000 and 2014. We determined how often patients had one or more episodes of AP and its occurrence in relationship to the diagnosis of CP. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine associations for prior AP. RESULTS There were 624/883 (70.7%) patients with prior AP, among whom 161 (25.8%) had AP within 2 years, 115 (18.4%) within 3-5 years, and 348 (55.8%) >5 years prior to CP diagnosis. Among 504 AP patients with available information, 436 (86.5%) had >1 episode. On multivariable analyses, factors associated with increased odds of having prior AP were a younger age at CP diagnosis, white race, abdominal pain, pseudocyst(s) and pancreatic duct dilatation/stricture, while factors associated with a lower odds of having prior AP were exocrine insufficiency and pancreatic atrophy. When compared with patients with 1 episode, those with >1 AP episode were diagnosed with CP an average of 5 years earlier. CONCLUSIONS Nearly three-quarters of patients were diagnosed with AP prior to CP diagnosis. Identifying which AP patients are at-risk for future progression to CP may provide opportunities for primary and secondary prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikesh K Singh
- Pancreatitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter A Banks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Randall E Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Darwin L Conwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Cote
- Division of Gastroenterology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy B Gardner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Nalini Guda
- Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher E Forsmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michele Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Joseph Romagnuolo
- Palmetto Health, Columbia Gastroenterology Associates, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gong Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam Slivka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Mel Wilcox
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orlova E, Yeh A, Shi M, Firek B, Ranganathan S, Whitcomb DC, Finegold DN, Ferrell RE, Barmada MM, Marazita ML, Hinds DA, Shaffer JR, Morowitz MJ. Genetic association and differential expression of PITX2 with acute appendicitis. Hum Genet 2019; 138:37-47. [PMID: 30392061 PMCID: PMC6514078 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Appendicitis affects 9% of Americans and is the most common diagnosis requiring hospitalization of both children and adults. We performed a genome-wide association study of self-reported appendectomy with 18,773 affected adults and 114,907 unaffected adults of European American ancestry. A significant association with appendectomy was observed at 4q25 near the gene PITX2 (rs2129979, p value = 8.82 × 10-14) and was replicated in an independent sample of Caucasians (59 affected, 607 unaffected; p value = 0.005). Meta-analysis of the associated variant across our two cohorts and cohorts from Iceland and the Netherlands (in which this association had previously been reported) showed strong cumulative evidence of association (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09-1.14; p value = 1.81 × 10-23) and some evidence for effect heterogeneity (p value = 0.03). Eight other loci were identified at suggestive significance in the discovery GWAS. Associations were followed up by measuring gene expression across resected appendices with varying levels of inflammation (N = 75). We measured expression of 27 genes based on physical proximity to the GWAS signals, evidence of being targeted by eQTLs near the signals according to RegulomeDB (score = 1), or both. Four of the 27 genes (including PITX2) showed significant evidence (p values < 0.0033) of differential expression across categories of appendix inflammation. An additional ten genes showed nominal evidence (p value < 0.05) of differential expression, which, together with the significant genes, is more than expected by chance (p value = 6.6 × 10-12). PITX2 impacts morphological development of intestinal tissue, promotes an anti-oxidant response, and its expression correlates with levels of intestinal bacteria and colonic inflammation. Further studies of the role of PITX2 in appendicitis are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Andrew Yeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brian Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - David N Finegold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Robert E Ferrell
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, 3131 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Michael J Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Faculty Pavilion 7th Floor, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a complex genetic disorder with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. Its phenotype may be better elucidated by integrating symptoms. This study aimed to identify symptoms by gestational age and associations with novel preeclampsia candidate genes. Women with a history of preeclampsia recruited from The Preeclampsia Registry completed clinical/demographic, symptom surveys and provided medical records. DNA extracted from saliva was processed with multiplexed assays for eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected to tag candidate genes and/or located in symptom susceptibility regions. Groups with versus without symptoms were compared using χ2. Associations between SNPs and symptoms were analyzed as genotype categories and presence/absence of the variant allele. Logistic regression modeling was conducted with exploratory p = .05. In 114 participants, 113 reported at least 1 of the 18 symptoms. Symptoms varied by trimester. Nine symptoms were associated with seven SNPs. Visual disturbances were associated with three SNPs and nausea/vomiting with two SNPs. Modeling adjustment for maternal age and parity resulted in 15 associations between 9 symptoms and 8 SNPs. Medical records demonstrated 100% concordance with self-reported diagnosis and 48% concordance with reported severity. Findings indicated novel symptom-genotype associations in preeclampsia. The small sample was self-selected, but results support future studies including medical records review. When validated, these results may lead to holistic phenotyping of women to characterize subsets of preeclampsia. This approach may optimize health in pregnancy and later life for mothers and offspring through prediction, prevention, and precision nursing care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Founds
- 1 Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dianxu Ren
- 3 University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- 4 University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dilek P, Radwan ZH, Wang X, Waqar F, Niemsiri V, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Bunker CH, Barmada MM, Feingold E, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. A comprehensive association study of apolipoprotein E-C1-C4-C2 gene cluster variation with plasma lipoprotein traits. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Chandran UR, Medvedeva OP, Barmada MM, Blood PD, Chakka A, Luthra S, Ferreira A, Wong KF, Lee AV, Zhang Z, Budden R, Scott JR, Berndt A, Berg JM, Jacobson RS. TCGA Expedition: A Data Acquisition and Management System for TCGA Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165395. [PMID: 27788220 PMCID: PMC5082933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) is a National Cancer Institute effort to profile at least 500 cases of 20 different tumor types using genomic platforms and to make these data, both raw and processed, available to all researchers. TCGA data are currently over 1.2 Petabyte in size and include whole genome sequence (WGS), whole exome sequence, methylation, RNA expression, proteomic, and clinical datasets. Publicly accessible TCGA data are released through public portals, but many challenges exist in navigating and using data obtained from these sites. We developed TCGA Expedition to support the research community focused on computational methods for cancer research. Data obtained, versioned, and archived using TCGA Expedition supports command line access at high-performance computing facilities as well as some functionality with third party tools. For a subset of TCGA data collected at University of Pittsburgh, we also re-associate TCGA data with de-identified data from the electronic health records. Here we describe the software as well as the architecture of our repository, methods for loading of TCGA data to multiple platforms, and security and regulatory controls that conform to federal best practices. Results TCGA Expedition software consists of a set of scripts written in Bash, Python and Java that download, extract, harmonize, version and store all TCGA data and metadata. The software generates a versioned, participant- and sample-centered, local TCGA data directory with metadata structures that directly reference the local data files as well as the original data files. The software supports flexible searches of the data via a web portal, user-centric data tracking tools, and data provenance tools. Using this software, we created a collaborative repository, the Pittsburgh Genome Resource Repository (PGRR) that enabled investigators at our institution to work with all TCGA data formats, and to interrogate these data with analysis pipelines, and associated tools. WGS data are especially challenging for individual investigators to use, due to issues with downloading, storage, and processing; having locally accessible WGS BAM files has proven invaluable. Conclusion Our open-source, freely available TCGA Expedition software can be used to create a local collaborative infrastructure for acquiring, managing, and analyzing TCGA data and other large public datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma R. Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Olga P. Medvedeva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- UPMC Corporate Services, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Philip D. Blood
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Anish Chakka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Soumya Luthra
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Antonio Ferreira
- Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kim F. Wong
- Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Magee-Women’s Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Budden
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - J. Ray Scott
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Annerose Berndt
- UPMC Corporate Services, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jeremy M. Berg
- Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Jacobson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Michael Barmada M, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nedorost S. Association of MHC region SNPs with irritant susceptibility in healthcare workers. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:738-44. [PMID: 27258892 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1173135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common work-related skin disease, especially affecting workers in "wet-work" occupations. This study was conducted to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and skin irritant response in a group of healthcare workers. 585 volunteer healthcare workers were genotyped for MHC SNPs and patch tested with three different irritants: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and benzalkonium chloride (BKC). Genotyping was performed using Illumina Goldengate MHC panels. A number of SNPs within the MHC Class I (OR2B3, TRIM31, TRIM10, TRIM40 and IER3), Class II (HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1) and Class III (C2) genes were associated (p < 0.001) with skin response to tested irritants in different genetic models. Linkage disequilibrium patterns and functional annotations identified two SNPs in the TRIM40 (rs1573298) and HLA-DPB1 (rs9277554) genes, with a potential impact on gene regulation. In addition, SNPs in PSMB9 (rs10046277 and ITPR3 (rs499384) were associated with hand dermatitis. The results are of interest as they demonstrate that genetic variations in inflammation-related genes within the MHC can influence chemical-induced skin irritation and may explain the connection between inflamed skin and propensity to subsequent allergic contact sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berran Yucesoy
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , CDC/NIOSH , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Yerkebulan Talzhanov
- b Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- b Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | | | - Michael L Kashon
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , CDC/NIOSH , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Elma Baron
- d University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Nevin W Wilson
- e Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine , University of Nevada , Reno , NV , USA
| | - Bonnie Frye
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , CDC/NIOSH , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Wei Wang
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , CDC/NIOSH , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Kara Fluharty
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , CDC/NIOSH , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Rola Gharib
- f Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jean Meade
- g Office of Director, CDC/NIOSH , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Dori Germolec
- h Toxicology Branch, DNTP/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Michael I Luster
- i School of Public Health, West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Susan Nedorost
- d University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pirim D, Wang X, Niemsiri V, Radwan ZH, Bunker CH, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Resequencing of the CETP gene in American whites and African blacks: Association of rare and common variants with HDL-cholesterol levels. Metabolism 2016; 65:36-47. [PMID: 26683795 PMCID: PMC4684899 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. Associations of common CETP variants with variation in plasma lipid levels, and/or CETP mass/activity have been extensively studied and well-documented; however, the effects of uncommon/rare CETP variants on plasma lipid profile remain undefined. Hence, resequencing of the gene in extreme phenotypes and follow-up rare-variant association analyses are essential to fill this gap. OBJECTIVE To identify common and uncommon/rare variants in the CETP gene by resequencing the entire gene and test the effects of both common and uncommon/rare CETP variants on plasma lipid traits in two genetically distinct populations. METHODS AND RESULTS The entire CETP gene plus flanking regions were resequenced in 190 individuals comprising 95 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and 95 African blacks with extreme HDL-C levels. A total of 279 sequence variants were identified, of which 25 were novel. Selected variants were genotyped in the entire samples of 623 NHWs and 788 African blacks and 184 QC-passed variants were tested in relation to plasma lipid traits by using gene-based, single-site, haplotype and rare variant association analyses (SKAT-O). Two novel and independent associations of rs1968905 and rs289740 with HDL-C were identified in African blacks. Using SKAT-O analysis, we also identified rare variants with minor allele frequency <0.01 to be associated with HDL-C in both NHWs (P=0.024) and African blacks (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our results point out that in addition to the common CETP variants, rare genetic variants in the CETP gene also contribute to the phenotypic variation of HDL-C in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zaheda H Radwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard F Hamman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Demirci FY, Wang X, Kelly JA, Morris DL, Barmada MM, Feingold E, Kao AH, Sivils KL, Bernatsky S, Pineau C, Clarke A, Ramsey-Goldman R, Vyse TJ, Gaffney PM, Manzi S, Kamboh MI. Identification of a New Susceptibility Locus for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Chromosome 12 in Individuals of European Ancestry. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:174-83. [PMID: 26316170 PMCID: PMC4747422 DOI: 10.1002/art.39403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry identified a number of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility loci using earlier versions of high-density genotyping platforms. Followup studies on suggestive GWAS regions using larger samples and more markers identified additional SLE loci in subjects of European descent. This multistage study was undertaken to identify novel SLE loci. METHODS In stage 1, we conducted a new GWAS of SLE in a North American case-control sample of subjects of European ancestry (n = 1,166) genotyped on Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. In stage 2, we further investigated top new suggestive GWAS hits by in silico evaluation and meta-analysis using an additional data set of subjects of European descent (>2,500 individuals), followed by replication of top meta-analysis findings in another data set of subjects of European descent (>10,000 individuals) in stage 3. RESULTS As expected, our GWAS revealed the most significant associations at the major histocompatibility complex locus (6p21), which easily surpassed the genome-wide significance threshold (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several other SLE signals/loci previously implicated in Caucasians and/or Asians were also confirmed in the stage 1 discovery sample, and the strongest signals were observed at 2q32/STAT4 (P = 3.6 × 10(-7)) and at 8p23/BLK (P = 8.1 × 10(-6)). Stage 2 meta-analyses identified a new genome-wide significant SLE locus at 12q12 (meta P = 3.1 × 10(-8)), which was replicated in stage 3. CONCLUSION Our multistage study identified and replicated a new SLE locus that warrants further followup in additional studies. Publicly available databases suggest that this newly identified SLE signal falls within a functionally relevant genomic region and near biologically important genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - David L. Morris
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amy H. Kao
- Lupus Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kathy L. Sivils
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Christian Pineau
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Ann Clarke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan Manzi
- Lupus Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niemsiri V, Wang X, Pirim D, Radwan ZH, Bunker CH, Barmada MM, Kamboh MI, Demirci FY. Genetic contribution of SCARB1 variants to lipid traits in African Blacks: a candidate gene association study. BMC Med Genet 2015; 16:106. [PMID: 26563154 PMCID: PMC4643515 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) exerts many anti-atherogenic properties including its role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) plays a key role in RCT by selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl esters. We aimed to explore the genetic contribution of SCARB1 to affecting lipid levels in African Blacks from Nigeria. Methods We resequenced 13 exons and exon-intron boundaries of SCARB1 in 95 individuals with extreme HDL-C levels using Sanger method. Then, we genotyped 147 selected variants (78 sequence variants, 69 HapMap tagSNPs, and 2 previously reported relevant variants) in the entire sample of 788 African Blacks using either the iPLEX Gold or TaqMan methods. A total of 137 successfully genotyped variants were further evaluated for association with major lipid traits. Results The initial gene-based analysis demonstrated evidence of association with HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). The follow-up single-site analysis revealed nominal evidence of novel associations of nine common variants with HDL-C and/or ApoA-I (P < 0.05). The strongest association was between rs11057851 and HDL-C (P = 0.0043), which remained significant after controlling for multiple testing using false discovery rate. Rare variant association testing revealed a group of 23 rare variants (frequencies ≤1 %) associated with HDL-C (P = 0.0478). Haplotype analysis identified four SCARB1 regions associated with HDL-C (global P < 0.05). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive association study of SCARB1 variations with lipid traits in an African Black population. Our results showed the consistent association of SCARB1 variants with HDL-C across various association analyses, supporting the role of SCARB1 in lipoprotein-lipid regulatory mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0250-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Zaheda H Radwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Geskin A, Legowski E, Chakka A, Chandran UR, Barmada MM, LaFramboise WA, Berg J, Jacobson RS. Needs Assessment for Research Use of High-Throughput Sequencing at a Large Academic Medical Center. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131166. [PMID: 26115441 PMCID: PMC4483235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods are driving profound changes in biomedical research, with a growing impact on patient care. Many academic medical centers are evaluating potential models to prepare for the rapid increase in NGS information needs. This study sought to investigate (1) how and where sequencing data is generated and analyzed, (2) research objectives and goals for NGS, (3) workforce capacity and unmet needs, (4) storage capacity and unmet needs, (5) available and anticipated funding resources, and (6) future challenges. As a precursor to informed decision making at our institution, we undertook a systematic needs assessment of investigators using survey methods. We recruited 331 investigators from over 60 departments and divisions at the University of Pittsburgh Schools of Health Sciences and had 140 respondents, or a 42% response rate. Results suggest that both sequencing and analysis bottlenecks currently exist. Significant educational needs were identified, including both investigator-focused needs, such as selection of NGS methods suitable for specific research objectives, and program-focused needs, such as support for training an analytic workforce. The absence of centralized infrastructure was identified as an important institutional gap. Key principles for organizations managing this change were formulated based on the survey responses. This needs assessment provides an in-depth case study which may be useful to other academic medical centers as they identify and plan for future needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Geskin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Legowski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anish Chakka
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William A. LaFramboise
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Berg
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Jacobson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng X, Demirci FY, Barmada MM, Richardson GA, Lopez OL, Sweet RA, Kamboh MI, Feingold E. Genome-wide copy-number variation study of psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e574. [PMID: 26035058 PMCID: PMC4490277 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
About 40-60% of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop psychosis, which represents a distinct phenotype of more severe cognitive and functional deficits. The estimated heritability of AD+P is ~61%, which makes it a good target for genetic mapping. We performed a genome-wide copy-number variation (CNV) study on 496 AD cases with psychosis (AD+P), 639 AD subjects with intermediate psychosis (AD intermediate P) and 156 AD subjects without psychosis (AD-P) who were recruited at the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center using over 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CNV markers. CNV load analysis found no significant difference in total and average CNV length and CNV number in the AD+P or AD intermediate P groups compared with the AD-P group. Our analysis revealed a marginally significant lower number of duplication events in AD+P cases compared with AD-P controls (P=0.059) using multivariable regression model. The most interesting finding was the presence of a genome-wide significant duplication in the APC2 gene on chromosome 19, which was protective against developing AD+P (odds ratio=0.42; P=7.2E-10). We also observed suggestive associations of duplications with AD+P in the SET (P=1.95E-06), JAG2 (P=5.01E-07) and ZFPM1 (P=2.13E-07) genes and marginal association of a deletion in CNTLN (P=8.87E-04). We have identified potential novel loci for psychosis in Alzheimer's disease that warrant follow-up in large-scale independent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. E-mail:
| | - F Y Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M M Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G A Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - O L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M I Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Feingold
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minster RL, Sanders JL, Singh J, Kammerer CM, Barmada MM, Matteini AM, Zhang Q, Wojczynski MK, Daw EW, Brody JA, Arnold AM, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Christensen K, Perls TT, Province MA, Newman AB. Genome-Wide Association Study and Linkage Analysis of the Healthy Aging Index. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1003-8. [PMID: 25758594 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Healthy Aging Index (HAI) is a tool for measuring the extent of health and disease across multiple systems. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study and a genome-wide linkage analysis to map quantitative trait loci associated with the HAI and a modified HAI weighted for mortality risk in 3,140 individuals selected for familial longevity from the Long Life Family Study. The genome-wide association study used the Long Life Family Study as the discovery cohort and individuals from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Framingham Heart Study as replication cohorts. RESULTS There were no genome-wide significant findings from the genome-wide association study; however, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms near ZNF704 on chromosome 8q21.13 were suggestively associated with the HAI in the Long Life Family Study (p < 10(-) (6)) and nominally replicated in the Cardiovascular Health Study and Framingham Heart Study. Linkage results revealed significant evidence (log-odds score = 3.36) for a quantitative trait locus for mortality-optimized HAI in women on chromosome 9p24-p23. However, results of fine-mapping studies did not implicate any specific candidate genes within this region of interest. CONCLUSIONS ZNF704 may be a potential candidate gene for studies of the genetic underpinnings of longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason L Sanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Amy M Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qunyuan Zhang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Massachusetts. Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pirim D, Wang X, Radwan ZH, Niemsiri V, Bunker CH, Barmada MM, Kamboh MI, Demirci FY. Resequencing of LPL in African Blacks and associations with lipoprotein-lipid levels. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1244-53. [PMID: 25626708 PMCID: PMC4538195 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified several loci associated with plasma lipid levels but those common variants together account only for a small proportion of the genetic variance of lipid traits. It has been hypothesized that the remaining heritability may partly be explained by rare variants with strong effect sizes. Here, we have comprehensively investigated the associations of both common and uncommon/rare variants in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in relation to plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels in African Blacks (ABs). For variant discovery purposes, the entire LPL gene and flanking regions were resequenced in 95 ABs with extreme high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. A total of 308 variants were identified, of which 64 were novel. Selected common tagSNPs and uncommon/rare variants were genotyped in the entire sample (n=788), and 126 QC-passed variants were evaluated for their associations with lipoprotein-lipid levels by using single-site, haplotype and rare variant (SKAT-O) association analyses. We found eight not highly correlated (r(2)<0.40) signals (rs1801177:G>A, rs8176337:G>C, rs74304285:G>A, rs252:delA, rs316:C>A, rs329:A>G, rs12679834:T>C, and rs4921684:C>T) nominally (P<0.05) associated with lipid traits (HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1 or ApoB levels) in our sample. The most significant SNP, rs252:delA, represented a novel association observed with LDL-C (P=0.002) and ApoB (P=0.012). For TG and LDL-C, the haplotype analysis was more informative than the single-site analysis. The SKAT-O analysis revealed that the bin (group) containing 22 rare variants with MAF≤0.01 exhibited nominal association with TG (P=0.039) and LDL-C (P=0.027). Our study indicates that both common and uncommon/rare LPL variants/haplotypes may affect plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels in general African population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xingbin Wang
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zaheda H Radwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Radwan ZH, Wang X, Waqar F, Pirim D, Niemsiri V, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Bunker CH, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Comprehensive evaluation of the association of APOE genetic variation with plasma lipoprotein traits in U.S. whites and African blacks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114618. [PMID: 25502880 PMCID: PMC4264772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although common APOE genetic variation has a major influence on plasma LDL-cholesterol, its role in affecting HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides is not well established. Recent genome-wide association studies suggest that APOE also affects plasma variation in HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. It is thus important to resequence the APOE gene to identify both common and uncommon variants that affect plasma lipid profile. Here, we have sequenced the APOE gene in 190 subjects with extreme HDL-cholesterol levels selected from two well-defined epidemiological samples of U.S. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and African Blacks followed by genotyping of identified variants in the entire datasets (623 NHWs, 788 African Blacks) and association analyses with major lipid traits. We identified a total of 40 sequence variants, of which 10 are novel. A total of 32 variants, including common tagSNPs (≥5% frequency) and all uncommon variants (<5% frequency) were successfully genotyped and considered for genotype-phenotype associations. Other than the established associations of APOE*2 and APOE*4 with LDL-cholesterol, we have identified additional independent associations with LDL-cholesterol. We have also identified multiple associations of uncommon and common APOE variants with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Our comprehensive sequencing and genotype-phenotype analyses indicate that APOE genetic variation impacts HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in addition to affecting LDL-cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaheda H. Radwan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fahad Waqar
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John E. Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Hamman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Clareann H. Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng X, Demirci FY, Barmada MM, Richardson GA, Lopez OL, Sweet RA, Kamboh MI, Feingold E. A rare duplication on chromosome 16p11.2 is identified in patients with psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111462. [PMID: 25379732 PMCID: PMC4224411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and genetic studies suggest that schizophrenia and autism may share genetic links. Besides common single nucleotide polymorphisms, recent data suggest that some rare copy number variants (CNVs) are risk factors for both disorders. Because we have previously found that schizophrenia and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD+P) share some genetic risk, we investigated whether CNVs reported in schizophrenia and autism are also linked to AD+P. We searched for CNVs associated with AD+P in 7 recurrent CNV regions that have been previously identified across autism and schizophrenia, using the Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChip. A chromosome 16p11.2 duplication CNV (chr16: 29,554,843-30,105,652) was identified in 2 of 440 AD+P subjects, but not in 136 AD subjects without psychosis, or in 593 AD subjects with intermediate psychosis status, or in 855 non-AD individuals. The frequency of this duplication CNV in AD+P (0.46%) was similar to that reported previously in schizophrenia (0.46%). This duplication CNV was further validated using the NanoString nCounter CNV Custom CodeSets. The 16p11.2 duplication has been associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, autism, schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder. These two AD+P patients had no personal of, nor any identified family history of, SCZ, bipolar disorder and autism. To the best of our knowledge, our case report is the first suggestion that 16p11.2 duplication is also linked to AD+P. Although rare, this CNV may have an important role in the development of psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gale A. Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naj AC, Jun G, Reitz C, Kunkle BW, Perry W, Park YS, Beecham GW, Rajbhandary RA, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Wang LS, Kauwe JSK, Huentelman MJ, Myers AJ, Bird TD, Boeve BF, Baldwin CT, Jarvik GP, Crane PK, Rogaeva E, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Cruchaga C, Kramer PL, Ertekin-Taner N, Hardy J, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Larson EB, St George-Hyslop PH, Buxbaum JD, Evans DA, Schneider JA, Lunetta KL, Kamboh MI, Saykin AJ, Reiman EM, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Morris JC, Montine TJ, Goate AM, Blacker D, Tsuang DW, Hakonarson H, Kukull WA, Foroud TM, Martin ER, Haines JL, Mayeux RP, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Pericak-Vance MA, Albert MS, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Barber R, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Becker JT, Beekly D, Bigio EH, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Cairns NJ, Cantwell LB, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carney RM, Carrasquillo MM, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Corneveaux J, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, DeKosky ST, Dick M, Dickson DW, Duara R, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Frosch MP, Galasko DR, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Glass JD, Growdon JH, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lieberman AP, Lin CF, Lopez OL, Lyketsos CG, Mack WJ, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Murrell JR, Olichney JM, Pankratz VS, Parisi JE, Paulson HL, Peskind E, Petersen RC, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reisberg B, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Thornton-Wells TA, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Valladares O, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Wishnek S, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Younkin SG, Yu CE, Yu L. Effects of multiple genetic loci on age at onset in late-onset Alzheimer disease: a genome-wide association study. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71:1394-404. [PMID: 25199842 PMCID: PMC4314944 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Because APOE locus variants contribute to risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and to differences in age at onset (AAO), it is important to know whether other established LOAD risk loci also affect AAO in affected participants. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of known Alzheimer disease risk loci in modifying AAO and to estimate their cumulative effect on AAO variation using data from genome-wide association studies in the Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium comprises 14 case-control, prospective, and family-based data sets with data on 9162 participants of white race/ethnicity with Alzheimer disease occurring after age 60 years who also had complete AAO information, gathered between 1989 and 2011 at multiple sites by participating studies. Data on genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms most significantly associated with risk at 10 confirmed LOAD loci were examined in linear modeling of AAO, and individual data set results were combined using a random-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis approach to determine whether they contribute to variation in AAO. Aggregate effects of all risk loci on AAO were examined in a burden analysis using genotype scores weighted by risk effect sizes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age at disease onset abstracted from medical records among participants with LOAD diagnosed per standard criteria. RESULTS Analysis confirmed the association of APOE with earlier AAO (P = 3.3 × 10(-96)), with associations in CR1 (rs6701713, P = 7.2 × 10(-4)), BIN1 (rs7561528, P = 4.8 × 10(-4)), and PICALM (rs561655, P = 2.2 × 10(-3)) reaching statistical significance (P < .005). Risk alleles individually reduced AAO by 3 to 6 months. Burden analyses demonstrated that APOE contributes to 3.7% of the variation in AAO (R(2) = 0.256) over baseline (R(2) = 0.221), whereas the other 9 loci together contribute to 2.2% of the variation (R(2) = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We confirmed an association of APOE (OMIM 107741) variants with AAO among affected participants with LOAD and observed novel associations of CR1 (OMIM 120620), BIN1 (OMIM 601248), and PICALM (OMIM 603025) with AAO. In contrast to earlier hypothetical modeling, we show that the combined effects of Alzheimer disease risk variants on AAO are on the scale of, but do not exceed, the APOE effect. While the aggregate effects of risk loci on AAO may be significant, additional genetic contributions to AAO are individually likely to be small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York7Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York8Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - William Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Yo Son Park
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle15Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle18Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Patricia L Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland24Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida26Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John Hardy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida26Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle29Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada30Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York32Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York33Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois36Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania37Alheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis39Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona40Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix41Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix42Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts44Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Ins
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois45Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri47Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts50Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington51Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee55Vanderbilit Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York57Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York58Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts59Department of Epidemiology, Bos
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor63Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan64Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois68Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois73Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Regina M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David G Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Jason Corneveaux
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia93Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland103Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts105Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Chiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Alheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine - Pulmonary, New York University, New York
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla113Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts105Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois115Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis95Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota119Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Huntington Potter
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York120Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles122Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles125Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois127Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina128Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Wishnek
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Niemsiri V, Wang X, Pirim D, Radwan ZH, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Impact of genetic variants in human scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) on plasma lipid traits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:838-47. [PMID: 25245032 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism in selective cholesteryl ester uptake and in free cholesterol cellular efflux. METHODS AND RESULTS This study aims to identify common (minor allele frequency ≥5%) and low-frequency/rare (minor allele frequency <5%) variants, using resequencing all 13 exons and exon-intron boundaries of SCARB1 in 95 individuals with extreme HDL-C levels selected from a population-based sample of 623 US non-Hispanic whites. The sequencing step identified 44 variants, of which 11 were novel with minor allele frequency <1%. Seventy-six variants (40 sequence variants, 32 common HapMap tag single nucleotide polymorphisms, and 4 relevant variants) were selected for genotyping in the total sample of 623 subjects followed by association analyses with lipid traits. Seven variants were nominally associated with apolipoprotein B (apoB; n=4) or HDL-C (n=3; P<0.05). Three variants associated with apoB remained significant after controlling false discovery rate. The most significant association was observed between rs4765615 and apoB (P=0.0059), while rs11057844 showed the strongest association with HDL-C (P=0.0035). A set of 17 rare variants (minor allele frequency ≤1%) showed significant association with apoB (P=0.0284). Haplotype analysis revealed 4 regions significantly associated with either apoB or HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new information about the genetic role of SCARB1 in affecting plasma apoB levels in addition to its established role in HDL-C metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipavee Niemsiri
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
LaRusch J, Jung J, General IJ, Lewis MD, Park HW, Brand RE, Gelrud A, Anderson MA, Banks PA, Conwell D, Lawrence C, Romagnuolo J, Baillie J, Alkaade S, Cote G, Gardner TB, Amann ST, Slivka A, Sandhu B, Aloe A, Kienholz ML, Yadav D, Barmada MM, Bahar I, Lee MG, Whitcomb DC. Mechanisms of CFTR functional variants that impair regulated bicarbonate permeation and increase risk for pancreatitis but not for cystic fibrosis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004376. [PMID: 25033378 PMCID: PMC4102440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CFTR is a dynamically regulated anion channel. Intracellular WNK1-SPAK activation causes CFTR to change permeability and conductance characteristics from a chloride-preferring to bicarbonate-preferring channel through unknown mechanisms. Two severe CFTR mutations (CFTRsev) cause complete loss of CFTR function and result in cystic fibrosis (CF), a severe genetic disorder affecting sweat glands, nasal sinuses, lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and male reproductive system. We hypothesize that those CFTR mutations that disrupt the WNK1-SPAK activation mechanisms cause a selective, bicarbonate defect in channel function (CFTRBD) affecting organs that utilize CFTR for bicarbonate secretion (e.g. the pancreas, nasal sinus, vas deferens) but do not cause typical CF. To understand the structural and functional requirements of the CFTR bicarbonate-preferring channel, we (a) screened 984 well-phenotyped pancreatitis cases for candidate CFTRBD mutations from among 81 previously described CFTR variants; (b) conducted electrophysiology studies on clones of variants found in pancreatitis but not CF; (c) computationally constructed a new, complete structural model of CFTR for molecular dynamics simulation of wild-type and mutant variants; and (d) tested the newly defined CFTRBD variants for disease in non-pancreas organs utilizing CFTR for bicarbonate secretion. Nine variants (CFTR R74Q, R75Q, R117H, R170H, L967S, L997F, D1152H, S1235R, and D1270N) not associated with typical CF were associated with pancreatitis (OR 1.5, p = 0.002). Clones expressed in HEK 293T cells had normal chloride but not bicarbonate permeability and conductance with WNK1-SPAK activation. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest physical restriction of the CFTR channel and altered dynamic channel regulation. Comparing pancreatitis patients and controls, CFTRBD increased risk for rhinosinusitis (OR 2.3, p<0.005) and male infertility (OR 395, p<<0.0001). WNK1-SPAK pathway-activated increases in CFTR bicarbonate permeability are altered by CFTRBD variants through multiple mechanisms. CFTRBD variants are associated with clinically significant disorders of the pancreas, sinuses, and male reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica LaRusch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ignacio J. General
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michele D. Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andres Gelrud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Banks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Darwin Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher Lawrence
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Romagnuolo
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John Baillie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samer Alkaade
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gregory Cote
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Timothy B. Gardner
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. Amann
- North Mississippi Medical Center, Tupelo, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Adam Slivka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bimaljit Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Amy Aloe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Kienholz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wood MF, Hughes SC, Hache LP, Naylor EW, Abdel-Hamid HZ, Barmada MM, Dobrowolski SF, Stickler DE, Clemens PR. Parental attitudes toward newborn screening for Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:822-8. [PMID: 24307279 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disease inclusion in the newborn screening (NBS) panel should consider the opinions of those most affected by the outcome of screening. We assessed the level and factors that affect parent attitudes regarding NBS panel inclusion of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS The attitudes toward NBS for DMD, BMD, and SMA were surveyed and compared for 2 categories of parents, those with children affected with DMD, BMD, or SMA and expectant parents unselected for known family medical history. RESULTS The level of support for NBS for DMD, BMD, and SMA was 95.9% among parents of children with DMD, BMD, or SMA and 92.6% among expectant parents. CONCLUSIONS There was strong support for NBS for DMD, BMD, and SMA in both groups of parents. Given advances in diagnostics and promising therapeutic approaches, discussion of inclusion in NBS should continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly F Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang W, Mohsen AW, Uechi G, Schreiber E, Balasubramani M, Day B, Michael Barmada M, Vockley J. Complex changes in the liver mitochondrial proteome of short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient mice. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:30-9. [PMID: 24685553 PMCID: PMC4167795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that leads to the impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation of short chain fatty acids. It is heterogeneous in clinical presentation including asymptomatic in most patients identified by newborn screening. Multiple mutations have been identified in patients; however, neither clear genotype-phenotype relationships nor a good correlation between genotype and current biochemical markers for diagnosis has been identified. The definition and pathophysiology of this deficiency remain unclear. To better understand this disorder at a global level, quantitative alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in SCAD deficient mice were examined using a combined proteomics approach: two-dimensional gel difference electrophoresis (2DIGE) followed by protein identification with MALDI-TOF/TOF and iTRAQ labeling followed by nano-LC/MALDI-TOF/TOF. We found broad mitochondrial dysfunction in SCAD deficiency. Changes in the levels of multiple energy metabolism related proteins were identified indicating that a more complex mechanism for development of symptoms may exist. Affected pathways converge on disorders with neurologic symptoms, suggesting that even asymptomatic individuals with SCAD deficiency may be at risk to develop more severe disease. Our results also identified a pattern associated with hepatotoxicity implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acid metabolism, decrease of depolarization of mitochondria and mitochondrial membranes, and swelling of mitochondria, demonstrating that SCAD deficiency relates more directly to mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of fatty acid metabolism. We propose several candidate molecules that may serve as markers for recognition of clinical risk associated with this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Guy Uechi
- Genomics and Proteomics Core laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Emanuel Schreiber
- Genomics and Proteomics Core laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Billy Day
- Genomics and Proteomics Core laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rosenthal SL, Barmada MM, Wang X, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Connecting the dots: potential of data integration to identify regulatory SNPs in late-onset Alzheimer's disease GWAS findings. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95152. [PMID: 24743338 PMCID: PMC3990600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a multifactorial disorder with over twenty loci associated with disease risk. Given the number of genome-wide significant variants that fall outside of coding regions, it is possible that some of these variants alter some function of gene expression rather than tagging coding variants that alter protein structure and/or function. RegulomeDB is a database that annotates regulatory functions of genetic variants. In this study, we utilized RegulomeDB to investigate potential regulatory functions of lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in five genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of risk and age-at onset (AAO) of LOAD, as well as SNPs in LD (r2≥0.80) with the lead GWAS SNPs. Of a total 614 SNPs examined, 394 returned RegulomeDB scores of 1–6. Of those 394 variants, 34 showed strong evidence of regulatory function (RegulomeDB score <3), and only 3 of them were genome-wide significant SNPs (ZCWPW1/rs1476679, CLU/rs1532278 and ABCA7/rs3764650). This study further supports the assumption that some of the non-coding GWAS SNPs are true associations rather than tagged associations and demonstrates the application of RegulomeDB to GWAS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Rosenthal
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xingbin Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stokes ME, Barmada MM, Kamboh MI, Visweswaran S. The application of network label propagation to rank biomarkers in genome-wide Alzheimer's data. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:282. [PMID: 24731236 PMCID: PMC4234455 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ranking and identifying biomarkers that are associated with disease from genome-wide measurements holds significant promise for understanding the genetic basis of common diseases. The large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide studies (GWAS), however, makes this task computationally challenging when the ranking is to be done in a multivariate fashion. This paper evaluates the performance of a multivariate graph-based method called label propagation (LP) that efficiently ranks SNPs in genome-wide data. Results The performance of LP was evaluated on a synthetic dataset and two late onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) genome-wide datasets, and the performance was compared to that of three control methods. The control methods included chi squared, which is a commonly used univariate method, as well as a Relief method called SWRF and a sparse logistic regression (SLR) method, which are both multivariate ranking methods. Performance was measured by evaluating the top-ranked SNPs in terms of classification performance, reproducibility between the two datasets, and prior evidence of being associated with LOAD. On the synthetic data LP performed comparably to the control methods. On GWAS data, LP performed significantly better than chi squared and SWRF in classification performance in the range from 10 to 1000 top-ranked SNPs for both datasets, and not significantly different from SLR. LP also had greater ranking reproducibility than chi squared, SWRF, and SLR. Among the 25 top-ranked SNPs that were identified by LP, there were 14 SNPs in one dataset that had evidence in the literature of being associated with LOAD, and 10 SNPs in the other, which was higher than for the other methods. Conclusion LP performed considerably better in ranking SNPs in two high-dimensional genome-wide datasets when compared to three control methods. It had better performance in the evaluation measures we used, and is computationally efficient to be applied practically to data from genome-wide studies. These results provide support for including LP in the methods that are used to rank SNPs in genome-wide datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Boulevard, 15206 Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pirim D, Wang X, Radwan ZH, Niemsiri V, Hokanson JE, Hamman RF, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Kamboh MI. Lipoprotein lipase gene sequencing and plasma lipid profile. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:85-93. [PMID: 24212298 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism by hydrolyzing triglyceride (TG)-rich particles and affecting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. In this study, the entire LPL gene plus flanking regions were resequenced in individuals with extreme HDL-C/TG levels (n = 95), selected from a population-based sample of 623 US non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. A total of 176 sequencing variants were identified, including 28 novel variants. A subset of 64 variants [common tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNP) and selected rare variants] were genotyped in the total sample, followed by association analyses with major lipid traits. A gene-based association test including all genotyped variants revealed significant association with HDL-C (P = 0.024) and TG (P = 0.006). Our single-site analysis revealed seven independent signals (P < 0.05; r² < 0.40) with either HDL-C or TG. The most significant association was for the SNP rs295 exerting opposite effects on TG and HDL-C levels with P values of 7.5.10⁻⁴ and 0.002, respectively. Our work highlights some common variants and haplotypes in LPL with significant associations with lipid traits; however, the analysis of rare variants using burden tests and SKAT-O method revealed negligible effects on lipid traits. Comprehensive resequencing of LPL in larger samples is warranted to further test the role of rare variants in affecting plasma lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pirim
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sanders JL, Minster RL, Barmada MM, Matteini AM, Boudreau RM, Christensen K, Mayeux R, Borecki IB, Zhang Q, Perls T, Newman AB. Heritability of and mortality prediction with a longevity phenotype: the healthy aging index. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:479-85. [PMID: 23913930 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity-associated genes may modulate risk for age-related diseases and survival. The Healthy Aging Index (HAI) may be a subphenotype of longevity, which can be constructed in many studies for genetic analysis. We investigated the HAI's association with survival in the Cardiovascular Health Study and heritability in the Long Life Family Study. METHODS The HAI includes systolic blood pressure, pulmonary vital capacity, creatinine, fasting glucose, and Modified Mini-Mental Status Examination score, each scored 0, 1, or 2 using approximate tertiles and summed from 0 (healthy) to 10 (unhealthy). In Cardiovascular Health Study, the association with mortality and accuracy predicting death were determined with Cox proportional hazards analysis and c-statistics, respectively. In Long Life Family Study, heritability was determined with a variance component-based family analysis using a polygenic model. RESULTS Cardiovascular Health Study participants with unhealthier index scores (7-10) had 2.62-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.22, 3.10) greater mortality than participants with healthier scores (0-2). The HAI alone predicted death moderately well (c-statistic = 0.643, 95% confidence interval: 0.626, 0.661, p < .0001) and slightly worse than age alone (c-statistic = 0.700, 95% confidence interval: 0.684, 0.717, p < .0001; p < .0001 for comparison of c-statistics). Prediction increased significantly with adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, and clinical comorbidities (c-statistic = 0.780, 95% confidence interval: 0.765, 0.794, p < .0001). In Long Life Family Study, the heritability of the HAI was 0.295 (p < .0001) overall, 0.387 (p < .0001) in probands, and 0.238 (p = .0004) in offspring. CONCLUSION The HAI should be investigated further as a candidate phenotype for uncovering longevity-associated genes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Sanders
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, A527 Crabtree Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jalil SF, Bhatti A, Demirci FY, Wang X, Ahmed I, Ahmed M, Barmada MM, Malik JM, John P, Kamboh MI. Replication of European rheumatoid arthritis loci in a Pakistani population. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:401-7. [PMID: 23378462 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic studies have identified several rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility loci in European-derived populations. The same biological pathways may be involved in determining the RA risk in different population groups. We sought to replicate the association of 33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 31 RA susceptibility loci confirmed among Europeans in a unique Pakistani population. METHODS We genotyped 33 SNP in a sample of 366 Pakistanis that comprised related and unrelated cases and controls. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays and the results were analyzed with family case-control software. RESULTS Twelve of the 33 SNP were replicated in this sample with significant p values ranging from 7.05E-06 to 3.72E-02, the most significant being the KIF5A-PIP4K2C/rs1678542 SNP. CONCLUSION Our observations suggest that a number of RA susceptibility loci and related pathways are shared across different populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fazal Jalil
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hollingworth P, Sweet RA, Sims R, Harold D, Russo G, Abraham R, Stretton A, Jones N, Gerrish A, Chapman J, Ivanov D, Moskvina V, Lovestone S, Priotsi P, Lupton M, Brayne C, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Craig D, McGuinness B, Johnston J, Holmes C, Livingston G, Bass NJ, Gurling H, McQuillin A, Holmans P, Jones L, Devlin B, Klei L, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, DeKosky ST, Lopez OL, Passmore P, Owen MJ, O’Donovan MC, Mayeux R, Kamboh MI, Williams J. Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease with psychotic symptoms. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1316-27. [PMID: 22005930 PMCID: PMC3272435 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms occur in ~40% of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with more rapid cognitive decline and increased functional deficits. They show heritability up to 61% and have been proposed as a marker for a disease subtype suitable for gene mapping efforts. We undertook a combined analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify loci that (1) increase susceptibility to an AD and subsequent psychotic symptoms; or (2) modify risk of psychotic symptoms in the presence of neurodegeneration caused by AD. In all, 1299 AD cases with psychosis (AD+P), 735 AD cases without psychosis (AD-P) and 5659 controls were drawn from Genetic and Environmental Risk in AD Consortium 1 (GERAD1), the National Institute on Aging Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (NIA-LOAD) family study and the University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) GWASs. Unobserved genotypes were imputed to provide data on >1.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analyses in each data set were completed comparing (1) AD+P to AD-P cases, and (2) AD+P cases with controls (GERAD1, ADRC only). Aside from the apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus, the strongest evidence for association was observed in an intergenic region on chromosome 4 (rs753129; 'AD+PvAD-P' P=2.85 × 10(-7); 'AD+PvControls' P=1.11 × 10(-4)). SNPs upstream of SLC2A9 (rs6834555, P=3.0 × 10(-7)) and within VSNL1 (rs4038131, P=5.9 × 10(-7)) showed strongest evidence for association with AD+P when compared with controls. These findings warrant further investigation in larger, appropriately powered samples in which the presence of psychotic symptoms in AD has been well characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hollingworth
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206 USA
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Denise Harold
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Abraham
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexandra Stretton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicola Jones
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jade Chapman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dobril Ivanov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valentina Moskvina
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Petroula Priotsi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lupton
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Craig
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
| | - Janet Johnston
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Bass
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Hugh Gurling
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lesley Jones
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Taub Institute and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA, 22908 USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kamboh MI, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Minster RL, Carrasquillo MM, Pankratz VS, Younkin SG, Saykin AJ, Sweet RA, Feingold E, DeKosky ST, Lopez OL. Genome-wide association analysis of age-at-onset in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1340-6. [PMID: 22005931 PMCID: PMC3262952 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly determined by genetic factors and recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genes for the disease risk. In addition to the disease risk, age-at-onset (AAO) of AD has also strong genetic component with an estimated heritability of 42%. Identification of AAO genes may help to understand the biological mechanisms that regulate the onset of the disease. Here we report the first GWAS focused on identifying genes for the AAO of AD. We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis on three samples comprising a total of 2222 AD cases. A total of ~2.5 million directly genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in relation to AAO of AD. As expected, the most significant associations were observed in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) region on chromosome 19 where several SNPs surpassed the conservative genome-wide significant threshold (P<5E-08). The most significant SNP outside the APOE region was located in the DCHS2 gene on chromosome 4q31.3 (rs1466662; P=4.95E-07). There were 19 additional significant SNPs in this region at P<1E-04 and the DCHS2 gene is expressed in the cerebral cortex and thus is a potential candidate for affecting AAO in AD. These findings need to be confirmed in additional well-powered samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - F. Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - V. Shane Pankratz
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Steven G. Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- Office of the Dean and Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
LaRusch J, Barmada MM, Solomon S, Whitcomb DC. Whole exome sequencing identifies multiple, complex etiologies in an idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis kindred. JOP 2012; 13:258-262. [PMID: 22572128 PMCID: PMC3651649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hereditary pancreatitis is the early onset form of chronic pancreatitis that is carried in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance. While 80% of hereditary pancreatitis has been shown to be due to a single mutation in the trypsinogen gene PRSS1, a number of hereditary pancreatitis families have no identified genetic cause for illness; thus no reliable screening options or clear therapy. OBJECTIVE To explore the use of massive parallel DNA sequencing technology to discover the etiology of pancreatitis in a family with idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis. DESIGN Candidate gene screening and verification within a kindred. SETTING Prospective cohort study, university based. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Kindred with idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of DNA variants predicted to increase susceptibility to pancreatitis. METHODS Whole exome sequencing of two distantly related subjects with variant-specific confirmation in the subjects and other family members. RESULTS We identified three deleterious genetic changes in the three major pancreatitis associated genes (PRSS1 CNV, SPINK1 c.27delC and CFTR R117H), two of which were carried by each patient. Individual targeted assays confirmed these variations in the two whole exome sequencing patients as well as affected and non-affected pedigree members. CONCLUSION Whole exome sequencing was useful for rapid screening of candidate genes linked to pancreatitis. This method opens the door for time- and cost-effective screening of multiple disease-associated genes and modifying factors that associate in different ways to generate a complex genetic disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica LaRusch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheila Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barrie A, Khare A, Henkel M, Zhang Y, Barmada MM, Duerr R, Ray A. Prostaglandin E2 and IL-23 plus IL-1β differentially regulate the Th1/Th17 immune response of human CD161(+) CD4(+) memory T cells. Clin Transl Sci 2011; 4:268-73. [PMID: 21884514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-23, and IL-1beta (β) propagate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by enhancing the development and function of IL-17 producing CD4(+) T helper (Th17) cells. CD4(+) T cells that express the C-type lectin-like receptor CD161 have been proposed to be the physiologic pool of circulating Th17 cells implicated in IBD. We sought to understand how PGE2, alone and in combination with IL-23 and IL-1β, modulate human peripheral CD161(+) CD4(+) memory T cells. We found that CD161(+) cells comprise a significant proportion of human peripheral CD4(+) memory T cells. PGE2 and IL-23 plus IL-1β synergistically induced early IL-17A secretion from CD161(+) CD4(+) memory T cells and the selective enrichment of IL-17A(+) CD161(+) CD4(+) memory T cells in culture. Conversely, IL-23 plus IL-1β partially opposed the PGE2-mediated repression of early interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion from CD161(+) cells, as well as the PGE2-mediated depletion of IFN-γ(+) CD161(+) cells. Our results suggest that PGE2 and IL-23 plus IL-1β induce the Th17 immune response preferentially in CD161(+) CD4(+) memory T cells, while divergently regulating their ability to express IFN-γ. We hypothesize that Th17-mediated chronic inflammation in IBD depends on the net response of CD161(+) CD4(+) memory T cells to both PGE2 and IL-23 plus IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Barrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang X, Barmada MM, Becich MJ. Evaluating de novo locus-disease discoveries in GWAS using the signal-to-noise ratio. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2011; 2011:617-624. [PMID: 22195117 PMCID: PMC3243170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) involves examining representative SNPs obtained using high throughput technologies. A GWAS data set can entail a million SNPs and may soon entail many millions. In a GWAS researchers often investigate the correlation of each SNP with a disease. With so many hypotheses, it is not straightforward how to interpret the results. Strategies include using the Bonferroni correction to determine the significance of a model and Bayesian methods. However, when we are discovering new locus-disease associations, i.e., so called de novo discoveries, we should not just endeavor to determine the significance of particular models, but also concern ourselves with determining whether it is likely that we have any true discoveries, and if so how many of the highest ranking models we should investigate further. We develop a method based on a signal-to-noise ratio that targets this issue. We apply the method to a GWAS Alzheimer's data set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shaffer JR, Wang X, Feingold E, Lee M, Begum F, Weeks DE, Cuenco KT, Barmada MM, Wendell SK, Crosslin DR, Laurie CC, Doheny KF, Pugh EW, Zhang Q, Feenstra B, Geller F, Boyd HA, Zhang H, Melbye M, Murray JC, Weyant RJ, Crout R, McNeil DW, Levy SM, Slayton RL, Willing MC, Broffitt B, Vieira AR, Marazita ML. Genome-wide association scan for childhood caries implicates novel genes. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1457-62. [PMID: 21940522 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511422910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children and a major public health concern due to its increasing incidence, serious health and social co-morbidities, and socio-demographic disparities in disease burden. We performed the first genome-wide association scan for dental caries to identify associated genetic loci and nominate candidate genes affecting tooth decay in 1305 US children ages 3-12 yrs. Affection status was defined as 1 or more primary teeth with evidence of decay based on intra-oral examination. No associations met strict criteria for genome-wide significance (p < 10E-7); however, several loci (ACTN2, MTR, and EDARADD, MPPED2, and LPO) with plausible biological roles in dental caries exhibited suggestive evidence for association. Analyses stratified by home fluoride level yielded additional suggestive loci, including TFIP11 in the low-fluoride group, and EPHA7 and ZMPSTE24 in the sufficient-fluoride group. Suggestive loci were tested but not significantly replicated in an independent sample (N = 1695, ages 2-7 yrs) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. This study reinforces the complexity of dental caries, suggesting that numerous loci, mostly having small effects, are involved in cariogenesis. Verification/replication of suggestive loci may highlight biological mechanisms and/or pathways leading to a fuller understanding of the genetic risks for dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome-wide association study (GWAS) typically involves examining representative SNPs in individuals from some population. A GWAS data set can concern a million SNPs and may soon concern billions. Researchers investigate the association of each SNP individually with a disease, and it is becoming increasingly commonplace to also analyze multi-SNP associations. Techniques for handling so many hypotheses include the Bonferroni correction and recently developed bayesian methods. These methods can encounter problems. Most importantly, they are not applicable to a complex multi-locus hypothesis which has several competing hypotheses rather than only a null hypothesis. A method that computes the posterior probability of complex hypotheses is a pressing need. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS We introduce the bayesian network posterior probability (BNPP) method which addresses the difficulties. The method represents the relationship between a disease and SNPs using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) model, and computes the likelihood of such models using a bayesian network scoring criterion. The posterior probability of a hypothesis is computed based on the likelihoods of all competing hypotheses. The BNPP can not only be used to evaluate a hypothesis that has previously been discovered or suspected, but also to discover new disease loci associations. The results of experiments using simulated and real data sets are presented. Our results concerning simulated data sets indicate that the BNPP exhibits both better evaluation and discovery performance than does a p-value based method. For the real data sets, previous findings in the literature are confirmed and additional findings are found. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that the BNPP resolves a pressing problem by providing a way to compute the posterior probability of complex multi-locus hypotheses. A researcher can use the BNPP to determine the expected utility of investigating a hypothesis further. Furthermore, we conclude that the BNPP is a promising method for discovering disease loci associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang X, Neapolitan RE, Barmada MM, Visweswaran S. Learning genetic epistasis using Bayesian network scoring criteria. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:89. [PMID: 21453508 PMCID: PMC3080825 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene-gene epistatic interactions likely play an important role in the genetic basis of many common diseases. Recently, machine-learning and data mining methods have been developed for learning epistatic relationships from data. A well-known combinatorial method that has been successfully applied for detecting epistasis is Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR). Jiang et al. created a combinatorial epistasis learning method called BNMBL to learn Bayesian network (BN) epistatic models. They compared BNMBL to MDR using simulated data sets. Each of these data sets was generated from a model that associates two SNPs with a disease and includes 18 unrelated SNPs. For each data set, BNMBL and MDR were used to score all 2-SNP models, and BNMBL learned significantly more correct models. In real data sets, we ordinarily do not know the number of SNPs that influence phenotype. BNMBL may not perform as well if we also scored models containing more than two SNPs. Furthermore, a number of other BN scoring criteria have been developed. They may detect epistatic interactions even better than BNMBL. Although BNs are a promising tool for learning epistatic relationships from data, we cannot confidently use them in this domain until we determine which scoring criteria work best or even well when we try learning the correct model without knowledge of the number of SNPs in that model. Results We evaluated the performance of 22 BN scoring criteria using 28,000 simulated data sets and a real Alzheimer's GWAS data set. Our results were surprising in that the Bayesian scoring criterion with large values of a hyperparameter called α performed best. This score performed better than other BN scoring criteria and MDR at recall using simulated data sets, at detecting the hardest-to-detect models using simulated data sets, and at substantiating previous results using the real Alzheimer's data set. Conclusions We conclude that representing epistatic interactions using BN models and scoring them using a BN scoring criterion holds promise for identifying epistatic genetic variants in data. In particular, the Bayesian scoring criterion with large values of a hyperparameter α appears more promising than a number of alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Demirci FYK, Dressen AS, Kammerer CM, Barmada MM, Kao AH, Ramsey-Goldman R, Manzi S, Kamboh MI. Functional polymorphisms of the coagulation factor II gene (F2) and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:652-7. [PMID: 21239755 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two F2 functional polymorphisms, rs1799963 (G20210A) and rs3136516 (A19911G), are known to be associated with elevated levels/activity of prothrombin (encoded by F2) and risk of thrombosis. Since patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have high risk of thrombosis and accelerated atherosclerosis and also high prevalence of anti-prothrombin antibodies, we hypothesized that these two F2 polymorphisms could affect risk of SLE. METHODS We investigated these polymorphisms in 627 women with SLE (84% Caucasian Americans, 16% African Americans) and 657 female controls (78% Caucasian Americans, 22% African Americans). RESULTS While the rs1799963 A allele was almost absent in African Americans, it was present at ~2% frequency in Caucasian Americans and showed no significant association with SLE. The rs3136516 G allele frequency was significantly higher in Caucasian SLE cases than in controls (48.4% vs 43.7%, respectively) with a covariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.22 (95% CI 1.03-1.46, p = 0.023). The association was replicated in African Americans (rs3136516 G allele frequency 91.2% in cases vs 82.2% in controls) with an adjusted OR of 1.96 (95% CI 1.08-3.58, p = 0.022). Stratification of Caucasian SLE patients based on the presence or absence of cardiac and vascular events (CVE) revealed stronger association with the CVE-positive SLE subgroup than the CVE-negative SLE subgroup (OR 1.42 vs 1.20). Prothrombin activity measurements in a subset of SLE cases demonstrated higher activity in the carriers of the rs3136516 G allele. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential role for prothrombin and the crosstalk between hemostatic and immune/inflammatory systems in SLE and SLE-associated cardiovascular events, which warrants further investigation in independent samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Yesim K Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
It is believed that interactions among genes (epistasis) may play an important role in susceptibility to common diseases (Moore and Williams [2002]. Ann Med 34:88-95; Ritchie et al. [2001]. Am J Hum Genet 69:138-147). To study the underlying genetic variants of diseases, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that simultaneously assay several hundreds of thousands of SNPs are being increasingly used. Often, the data from these studies are analyzed with single-locus methods (Lambert et al. [2009]. Nat Genet 41:1094-1099; Reiman et al. [2007]. Neuron 54:713-720). However, epistatic interactions may not be easily detected with single-locus methods (Marchini et al. [2005]. Nat Genet 37:413-417). As a result, both parametric and nonparametric multi-locus methods have been developed to detect such interactions (Heidema et al. [2006]. BMC Genet 7:23). However, efficiently analyzing epistasis using high-dimensional genome-wide data remains a crucial challenge. We develop a method based on Bayesian networks and the minimum description length principle for detecting epistatic interactions. We compare its ability to detect gene-gene interactions and its efficiency to that of the combinatorial method multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) using 28,000 simulated data sets generated from 70 different genetic models We further apply the method to over 300,000 SNPs obtained from a GWAS involving late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Our method outperforms MDR and we substantiate previous results indicating that the GAB2 gene is associated with LOAD. To our knowledge, this is the first successful model-based epistatic analysis using a high-dimensional genome-wide data set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schneider A, LaRusch J, Sun X, Aloe A, Lamb J, Hawes R, Cotton P, Brand RE, Anderson MA, Money ME, Banks PA, Lewis MD, Baillie J, Sherman S, DiSario J, Burton FR, Gardner TB, Amann ST, Gelrud A, George R, Kassabian S, Martinson J, Slivka A, Yadav D, Oruc N, Barmada MM, Frizzell R, Whitcomb DC, Whitcomb DC. Combined bicarbonate conductance-impairing variants in CFTR and SPINK1 variants are associated with chronic pancreatitis in patients without cystic fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:162-71. [PMID: 20977904 PMCID: PMC3171690 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) is a complex inflammatory disorder associated with multiple genetic and environmental factors. In individuals without cystic fibrosis (CF), variants of CFTR that inhibit bicarbonate conductance but maintain chloride conductance might selectively impair secretion of pancreatic juice, leading to trypsin activation and pancreatitis. We investigated whether sequence variants in the gene encoding the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor SPINK1 further increase the risk of pancreatitis in these patients. METHODS We screened patients and controls for variants in SPINK1 associated with risk of chronic pancreatitis and in all 27 exons of CFTR. The final study group included 53 patients with sporadic ICP, 27 probands with familial ICP, 150 unrelated controls, 375 additional controls for limited genotyping. CFTR wild-type and p.R75Q were cloned and expressed in HEK293 cells, and relative conductances of HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) were measured. RESULTS SPINK1 variants were identified in 36% of subjects and 3% of controls (odds ratio [OR], 18.1). One variant of CFTR not associated with CF, p.R75Q, was found in 16% of subjects and 5.3% of controls (OR, 3.4). Coinheritance of CFTR p.R75Q and SPINK1 variants occurred in 8.75% of patients and 0.38% of controls (OR, 25.1). Patch-clamp recordings of cells that expressed CFTR p.R75Q showed normal chloride currents but significantly reduced bicarbonate currents (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS The CFTR variant p.R75Q causes a selective defect in bicarbonate conductance and increases risk of pancreatitis. Coinheritance of p.R75Q or CF causing CFTR variants with SPINK1 variants significantly increases the risk of ICP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica LaRusch
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Amy Aloe
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Janette Lamb
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Robert Hawes
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Peter Cotton
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Chicago IL
| | | | | | - Peter A. Banks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MD
| | - Michele D. Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John Baillie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James DiSario
- Monterey Bay Gastroenterology Consultants, Monterey, CA
| | - Frank R. Burton
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Andres Gelrud
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ryan George
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Jeremy Martinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Adam Slivka
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Nevin Oruc
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Raymond Frizzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate whether the ABO blood group is related to pancreatic cancer risk in the general population of the United States.
METHODS: Using the University of Pittsburgh’s clinical pancreatic cancer registry, the blood donor database from our local blood bank (Central Blood Bank), and the blood product recipient database from the regional transfusion service (Centralized Transfusion Service) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, we identified 274 pancreatic cancer patients with previously determined serological ABO blood group information. The ABO blood group frequency was compared between these patients and 708 842 individual, community-based blood donors who had made donations to Pittsburgh’s Central Blood Bank between 1979 and 2009.
RESULTS: The frequency of blood group A was statistically significantly higher amongst pancreatic cancer patients compared to its frequency amongst the regional blood donors [47.63% vs 39.10%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.43, P = 0.004]. Conversely, the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower amongst pancreatic cancer patients relative to the community blood donors (32.12% vs 43.99%, OR = 0.60, P = 0.00007). There were limited blood group B (n = 38) and AB (n = 17) pancreatic cancer patients; the overall P trend value comparing patient to donor blood groups was 0.001.
CONCLUSION: The ABO blood group is associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Future studies should examine the mechanism linking pancreatic cancer risk to ABO blood group.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang X, Neapolitan RE, Barmada MM, Visweswaran S, Cooper GF. A fast algorithm for learning epistatic genomic relationships. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2010; 2010:341-345. [PMID: 21346997 PMCID: PMC3041370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic epidemiologists strive to determine the genetic profile of diseases. Epistasis is the interaction between two or more genes to affect phenotype. Due to the often non-linearity of the interaction, it is difficult to detect statistical patterns of epistasis. Combinatorial methods for detecting epistasis investigate a subset of combinations of genes without employing a search strategy. Therefore, they do not scale to handling the high-dimensional data found in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We represent genome-phenome interactions using a Bayesian network rule, which is a specialized Bayesian network. We develop an efficient search algorithm to learn from data a high scoring rule that may contain two or more interacting genes. Our experimental results using synthetic data indicate that this algorithm detects interacting genes as well as a Bayesian network combinatorial method, and it is much faster. Our results also indicate that the algorithm can successfully learn genome-phenome relationships using a real GWAS dataset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kamboh MI, Minster RL, Demirci FY, Ganguli M, Dekosky ST, Lopez OL, Barmada MM. Association of CLU and PICALM variants with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:518-21. [PMID: 20570404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two recent large genome-wide association studies have reported significant associations in the CLU (APOJ), CR1, and PICALM genes with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to replicate these findings, we examined 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) most significantly implicated by these studies in a large case-control sample comprising 2707 individuals. Principle components analysis revealed no population substructure in our sample. While no association was observed with CR1 SNPs (p = 0.30-0.457), a trend of association was seen with the PICALM (p = 0.071-0.086) and CLU (p = 0.148-0.258) SNPs. A meta-analysis of 3 studies revealed significant associations with all 3 genes. Our data from an independent and large case-control sample suggest that these gene regions should be followed up by comprehensive resequencing to find functional variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Diergaarde B, Brand R, Lamb J, Cheong SY, Stello K, Barmada MM, Feingold E, Whitcomb DC. Pooling-based genome-wide association study implicates gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) gene in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Pancreatology 2010; 10:194-200. [PMID: 20484958 PMCID: PMC2899150 DOI: 10.1159/000236023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Knowledge regarding genetic factors that influence pancreatic cancer risk is currently limited. To identify novel pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study. METHODS The Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and DNA pooling were used in the screening stage. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for follow-up. These 26 lead SNPs and additionally selected tagSNPs for the regions around the lead SNPs were evaluated by individual genotyping of the pooling population and an independent validation population. RESULTS Of the lead SNPs, the strongest association was found with rs4820599 located in the gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) gene. This SNP was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk in the validation population and the combined dataset (p(allele-based) = 0.019 and p(allele-based) = 0.003, respectively). Statistically significant associations were also observed with two GGT1 tagSNPs: rs2017869 and rs8135987. Lead SNP rs4820599 is in high linkage disequilibrium (LD; pairwise r(2): 0.69) and tagSNP rs2017869 is in strong LD (pairwise r(2): 0.96) with SNP rs5751901, which has been reported to be associated with increased GGT1 serum levels. GGT is expressed in the pancreas and plays a key role in glutathione metabolism. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that common variation in the GGT1 gene may affect the risk of pancreatic cancer. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pa., USA
| | - Randall Brand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA
| | - Janette Lamb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA
| | - Soo Yeon Cheong
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
| | - Kim Stello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA,*David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD, UPMC Presbyterian, M2 C Wing, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA), Tel. +1 412 648 9604, Fax +1 412 383 7236, E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dara S. Berger
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W. Allen Hogge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert E. Ferrell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Storti KL, Arena VC, Barmada MM, Bunker CH, Hanson RL, Laston SL, Yeh JL, Zmuda JM, Howard BV, Kriska AM. Physical activity levels in American-Indian adults: the Strong Heart Family Study. Am J Prev Med 2009; 37:481-7. [PMID: 19944912 PMCID: PMC2828819 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited body of evidence, mostly based on self-report, is available regarding physical activity levels among American-Indian adults. PURPOSE This study aims to examine physical activity levels objectively using pedometers among a large cohort of American-Indian adult participants in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). METHODS Physical activity levels in 2604 American-Indian adults, aged 18-91 years, from 13 American-Indian communities were assessed using Accusplit AE120 pedometers over a period of 7 days during 2001-2003. Anthropometric measurements were also assessed. All data analyses were conducted in 2008. Age-adjusted Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between average steps per day and age and anthropometric variables. Subjects were placed in age and BMI categories (according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cut points) to examine trends in physical activity with increasing age and BMI. RESULTS Daily pedometer steps ranged from 1001 to 38,755. Mean step counts by age group for men were 5384 (aged 18-29 years); 5120 (aged 30-39 years); 5040 (aged 40-49 years); 4561(aged 50-59 years); 4321 (aged 60-69 years); and 3768 (aged >or=70 years) and for women, 5038 (aged 18-29 years); 5112 (aged 30-39 years); 5054 (aged 40-49 years); 4582 (aged 50-59 years); 3653 (aged 60-69 years); and 3770 (aged >or=70 years). A significant linear trend in physical activity was noted with increasing age (p=0.002 for men, p<0.0001 for women) and with increasing BMI (p=0.05 for men, p=0.04 for women). CONCLUSIONS Objectively measured data suggest that inactivity is a problem among American-Indian adults and that a majority of American-Indian adults in the SHFS may not be meeting the minimum physical activity public health recommendations. Efforts to increase physical activity levels in this population are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Storti
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Visweswaran S, Wong AKI, Barmada MM. A Bayesian method for identifying genetic interactions. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2009; 2009:673-677. [PMID: 20351939 PMCID: PMC2815434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data is the identification of SNPs that interact in a nonlinear fashion in their association with disease. Such epistatic interactions among genetic variants at multiple loci likely underlie the inheritance of common diseases. We have developed a novel method called the Bayesian combinatorial method (BCM) for detecting combination of genetic variants that are predictive of disease. When compared with the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), a widely used combinatorial method, BCM has significantly greater power to detect interactions and is computationally more efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Visweswaran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yadav D, Hawes RH, Brand RE, Anderson MA, Money ME, Banks PA, Bishop MD, Baillie J, Sherman S, DiSario J, Burton FR, Gardner TB, Amann ST, Gelrud A, Lawrence C, Elinoff B, Greer JB, O'Connell M, Barmada MM, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC. Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the risk of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 169:1035-45. [PMID: 19506173 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are associated with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The etiology of RAP and CP is complex, and effects of alcohol and smoking may be limited to specific patient subsets. We examined the current prevalence of alcohol use and smoking and their association with RAP and CP in patients evaluated at US referral centers. METHODS The North American Pancreatitis Study 2, a multicenter consortium of 20 US centers, prospectively enrolled 540 patients with CP, 460 patients with RAP, and 695 controls from 2000 to 2006. Using self-reported monthly alcohol consumption during the maximum lifetime drinking period, we classified subjects by drinking status: abstainer, light drinker (< or =0.5 drink per day), moderate drinker (women, >0.5 to 1 drink per day; men, >0.5 to 2 drinks per day), heavy drinker (women, >1 to <5 drinks per day; men, >2 to <5 drinks per day), or very heavy drinker (> or =5 drinks per day for both sexes). Smoking was classified as never, past, or current and was quantified (packs per day and pack-years). RESULTS Overall, participants' mean (SD) age was 49.7 (15.4) years; 87.5% were white, and 56.5% were women. Approximately one-fourth of both controls and patients were lifetime abstainers. The prevalence of very heavy drinking among men and women was 38.4% and 11.0% for CP, 16.9% and 5.5% for RAP, and 10.0% and 3.6% for controls. Compared with abstaining and light drinking, very heavy drinking was significantly associated with CP (odds ratio, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.87-5.14) after controlling for age, sex, smoking status, and body mass index. Cigarette smoking was an independent, dose-dependent risk factor for CP and RAP. CONCLUSIONS Very heavy alcohol consumption and smoking are independent risks for CP. A minority of patients with pancreatitis currently seen at US referral centers report very heavy drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3708 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lazarev M, Lamb J, Barmada MM, Dai F, Anderson MA, Max MB, Whitcomb DC. Does the pain-protective GTP cyclohydrolase haplotype significantly alter the pattern or severity of pain in humans with chronic pancreatitis? Mol Pain 2008; 4:58. [PMID: 19014702 PMCID: PMC2626574 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-4-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pain is often a dominant clinical feature of chronic pancreatitis but the frequency and severity is highly variable between subjects. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms contribute to variations in clinical pain patterns. Since genetic variations in the GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1) gene have been reported to protect some patients from pain, we investigated the effect of the "pain protective haplotype" in well characterized patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) or recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) from the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 (NAPS2). Results Subjects in the NAPS2 study were asked to rank their pain in one of 5 categories reflecting different levels of pain frequency and severity. All subjects were genotyped at rs8007267 and rs3783641 to determine the frequency of the GCH1 pain-protective haplotype. In Caucasian subjects the frequency of the pain-protective GCH1 haplotype was no different in the control group (n = 236), CP patients (n = 265), RAP patients (N = 131), or in CP patients subclassified by pain category compared to previously reported haplotype frequencies in the general Caucasian population. Conclusion The GCH1 pain-protective haplotype does not have a significant effect on pain patterns or severity in RAP or CP. These results are important for helping to define the regulators of visceral pain, and to distinguish different mechanisms of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lazarev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Adam S, Hawes RH, Brand RE, Anderson MA, Money ME, Banks PA, Bishop MD, Baillie J, Sherman S, DiSario J, Burton FR, Gardner TB, Amann ST, Gelrud A, Lo SK, DeMeo MT, Steinberg WM, Kochman ML, Etemad B, Forsmark CE, Elinoff B, Greer JB, O’Connell M, Lamb J, Barmada MM. Multicenter approach to recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis in the United States: the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 (NAPS2). Pancreatology 2008; 8:520-31. [PMID: 18765957 PMCID: PMC2790781 DOI: 10.1159/000152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are complex syndromes associated with numerous etiologies, clinical variables and complications. We developed the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 (NAPS2) to be sufficiently powered to understand the complex environmental, metabolic and genetic mechanisms underlying RAP and CP. METHODS Between August 2000 and September 2006, a consortium of 20 expert academic and private sites prospectively ascertained 1,000 human subjects with RAP or CP, plus 695 controls (spouse, family, friend or unrelated). Standardized questionnaires were completed by both the physicians and study subjects and blood was drawn for genomic DNA and biomarker studies. All data were double-entered into a database and systematically reviewed to minimize errors and include missing data. RESULTS A total of 1,000 subjects (460 RAP, 540 CP) and 695 controls who completed consent forms and questionnaires and donated blood samples comprised the final dataset. Data were organized according to diagnosis, supporting documentation, etiological classification, clinical signs and symptoms (including pain patterns and duration, and quality of life), past medical history, family history, environmental exposures (including alcohol and tobacco use), medication use and therapeutic interventions. Upon achieving the target enrollment, data were organized and classified to facilitate future analysis. The approaches, rationale and datasets are described, along with final demographic results. CONCLUSION The NAPS2 consortium has successfully completed a prospective ascertainment of 1,000 subjects with RAP and CP from the USA. These data will be useful in elucidating the environmental, metabolic and genetic conditions, and to investigate the complex interactions that underlie RAP and CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Whitcomb
- Departments of Medicine and,Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | | | - Robert H. Hawes
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Ill
| | | | | | - Peter A. Banks
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Michele D. Bishop
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla
| | - John Baillie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - James DiSario
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Frank R. Burton
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | | | | | - Andres Gelrud
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Simon K. Lo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Mark T. DeMeo
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Babak Etemad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, La., and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sindhi R, Higgs BW, Weeks DE, AshokKumar C, Jaffe R, Kim C, Wilson P, Chien N, Glessner J, Talukdar A, Mazariegos G, Barmada MM, Frackleton E, Petro N, Eckert A, Hakonarson H, Ferrell R. Genetic variants in major histocompatibility complex-linked genes associate with pediatric liver transplant rejection. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:830-9, 839.e1-10. [PMID: 18639552 PMCID: PMC2956436 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Limited access to large samples precludes genome-wide association studies of rare but complex traits. To localize candidate genes with family-based genome-wide association, a novel exploratory analysis was first tested on 1774 major histocompatibility complex single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 240 DNA samples from 80 children with primary liver transplantation and their biologic parents. METHODS Initially, 57 SNPs with large differences (P < .05) in minor allele frequencies were selected when parents of children with early rejection (rejectors) were compared with parents of nonrejectors. RESULTS In hypothesis testing of selected SNPs, the gamete competition statistic identified the minor allele G of the SNP rs9296068, near HLA-DOA, as being significantly different (P = .018) between outcome groups in parent-to-child transmission. Subsequent simple association testing confirmed over- and undertransmission of rs9296068 based on the most significant differences between outcome groups, of 1774 SNPs tested (P = .002), and allele (G) frequencies that were greater among rejectors (51.4% vs 36.8%, respectively, P = .015) and lower among nonrejectors (26.8% vs 36.8%, respectively, P = .074) compared with 400 normal control Caucasian children. In early functional validation, rejectors demonstrated significant repression of the first HLA-DOA exon closest to rs9296068. Also, intragraft B lymphocytes, whose antigen-presenting function is selectively inhibited by HLA-DOA were 3-fold more numerous during rejection among rejectors with the risk allele, than those without. CONCLUSIONS The minor allele of the SNP rs9296068 is significantly associated with liver transplantation rejection and with enhanced B-lymphocyte participation in rejection, likely because of a dysfunctional HLA-DOA gene product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sindhi
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Barrett JC, Hansoul S, Nicolae DL, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Rioux JD, Brant SR, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Barmada MM, Bitton A, Dassopoulos T, Datta LW, Green T, Griffiths AM, Kistner EO, Murtha MT, Regueiro MD, Rotter JI, Schumm LP, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, Xavier RJ, Libioulle C, Sandor C, Lathrop M, Belaiche J, Dewit O, Gut I, Heath S, Laukens D, Mni M, Rutgeerts P, Van Gossum A, Zelenika D, Franchimont D, Hugot JP, de Vos M, Vermeire S, Louis E, Cardon LR, Anderson CA, Drummond H, Nimmo E, Ahmad T, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Marchini J, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Gwilliam R, Tremelling M, Deloukas P, Mansfield J, Jewell D, Satsangi J, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Georges M, Daly MJ. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nat Genet 2008; 40:955-62. [PMID: 18587394 PMCID: PMC2574810 DOI: 10.1038/ng.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1984] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several risk factors for Crohn's disease have been identified in recent genome-wide association studies. To advance gene discovery further, we combined data from three studies on Crohn's disease (a total of 3,230 cases and 4,829 controls) and carried out replication in 3,664 independent cases with a mixture of population-based and family-based controls. The results strongly confirm 11 previously reported loci and provide genome-wide significant evidence for 21 additional loci, including the regions containing STAT3, JAK2, ICOSLG, CDKAL1 and ITLN1. The expanded molecular understanding of the basis of this disease offers promise for informed therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Barrett
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aoun E, Chang CCH, Greer JB, Papachristou GI, Barmada MM, Whitcomb DC. Pathways to injury in chronic pancreatitis: decoding the role of the high-risk SPINK1 N34S haplotype using meta-analysis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2003. [PMID: 18414673 PMCID: PMC2289874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The complex interactions between recurrent trypsin-mediated pancreatic injury, alcohol-associated pancreatic injury and SPINK1 polymorphisms in chronic pancreatitis (CP) are undefined. We hypothesize that CP occurs as a result of multiple pathological mechanisms (pathways) that are initiated by different metabolic or environmental factors (etiologies) and may be influenced differentially by downstream genetic risk factors. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the differences in effect size of the high risk SPINK1 N34S haplotype on CP from multiple etiologies after combining clinical reports of SPINK1 N34S frequency using meta-analysis. Methods and Findings The Pubmed and the Embase databases were reviewed. We studied 24 reports of SPINK1 N34S in CP (2,421 cases, 4,857 controls) using reported etiological factors as surrogates for pathways and multiple meta-analyses to determine the differential effects of SPINK1 N34S between alcoholic and non-alcoholic etiologies. Using estimates of between-study heterogeneity, we sub-classified our 24 studies into four specific clusters. We found that SPINK1 N34S is strongly associated with CP overall (OR 11.00; 95% CI: 7.59–15.93), but the effect of SPINK1 N34S in alcoholic CP (OR 4.98, 95% CI: 3.16–7.85) was significantly smaller than in idiopathic CP (OR 14.97, 95% C.I. = 9.09–24.67) or tropical CP (OR 19.15, 95% C.I. = 8.83–41.56). Studies analyzing familial CP showed very high heterogeneity suggestive of a complex etiology with an I2 = 80.95%. Conclusion The small effect of SPINK1 N34S in alcoholic subjects suggests that CP is driven through a different pathway that is largely trypsin-independent. The results also suggest that large effect sizes of SPINK1 N34S in small candidate gene studies in CP may be related to a mixture of multiple etiologic pathways leading to the same clinical endpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elie Aoun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chung-Chou H. Chang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia B. Greer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Georgios I. Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Pancreatitis is usually inflammation of the pancreas without infection. Our understanding of pancreatitis has been built on autopsy studies, surgical biopsies and surrogate markers of inflammation and fibroses, including abdominal imaging techniques and pancreatic functional studies. However, the discovery that a number of different environmental factors and various genetic abnormalities are seen in patients with similar appearing pancreatitis phenotypes teaches us that end-stage pathology is not the disorder. Understanding complex associations and interactions requires that the components and their interactions be organized, stratified and functionally defined. Systems biology, in the broad sense, provides the approach and tools to define the complex mechanisms driving pathology. As the mathematics behind these pathways and mechanisms are defined and calibrated, the potential pathology of patients with early signs of disease can be predicted, and a number of patient-specific targets for intervention can be defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|