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Becker M, Vignoles VL, Owe E, Easterbrook MJ, Brown R, Smith PB, Abuhamdeh S, Cendales Ayala B, Garðarsdóttir RB, Torres A, Camino L, Bond MH, Nizharadze G, Amponsah B, Schweiger Gallo I, Prieto Gil P, Lorente Clemares R, Campara G, Espinosa A, Yuki M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zinkeng M, Villamar JA, Kusdil E, Çağlar S, Regalia C, Manzi C, Brambilla M, Bourguignon D, Möller B, Fülöp M, Macapagal MEJ, Pyszczynski T, Chobthamkit P, Gausel N, Kesebir P, Herman G, Courtois M, Harb C, Jalal B, Tatarko A, Aldhafri S, Kreuzbauer R, Koller SH, Mekonnen KH, Fischer R, Milfont TL, Des Rosiers SE, Jaafar JL, Martin M, Baguma P, Lv S, Schwartz SJ, Gavreliuc A, Fritsche I, González R, Didier N, Carrasco D, Lay S. Being oneself through time: Bases of self-continuity across 55 cultures. Self and Identity 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2017.1330222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Becker
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT2J, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ellinor Owe
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Rupert Brown
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Peter B. Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Sami Abuhamdeh
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Şehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ana Torres
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Leoncio Camino
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Michael Harris Bond
- Faculty of Business, Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - George Nizharadze
- Department of Social Sciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Inge Schweiger Gallo
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Prieto Gil
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gabriella Campara
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Masaki Yuki
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martina Zinkeng
- Department of Guidance Counselling, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Juan A. Villamar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ersin Kusdil
- Department of Psychology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Selinay Çağlar
- Department of Psychology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Manzi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Brambilla
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bettina Möller
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tom Pyszczynski
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Phatthanakit Chobthamkit
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, Division of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Library Science, and Geography, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolay Gausel
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Pelin Kesebir
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ginette Herman
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie Courtois
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles Harb
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Baland Jalal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Tatarko
- Department of Psychology, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Said Aldhafri
- Department of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Silvia H. Koller
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ronald Fischer
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Taciano L. Milfont
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Jas Laile Jaafar
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mariana Martin
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Peter Baguma
- Department of Educational, Social and Organizational Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Shaobo Lv
- Department of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Alin Gavreliuc
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Immo Fritsche
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto González
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Didier
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Carrasco
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Siugmin Lay
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Smith PB, Vignoles VL, Becker M, Owe E, Easterbrook MJ, Brown R, Bourguignon D, Garðarsdóttir RB, Kreuzbauer R, Cendales Ayala B, Yuki M, Zhang J, Lv S, Chobthamkit P, Jaafar JL, Fischer R, Milfont TL, Gavreliuc A, Baguma P, Bond MH, Martin M, Gausel N, Schwartz SJ, Des Rosiers SE, Tatarko A, González R, Didier N, Carrasco D, Lay S, Nizharadze G, Torres A, Camino L, Abuhamdeh S, Macapagal MEJ, Koller SH, Herman G, Courtois M, Fritsche I, Espinosa A, Villamar JA, Regalia C, Manzi C, Brambilla M, Zinkeng M, Jalal B, Kusdil E, Amponsah B, Çağlar S, Mekonnen KH, Möller B, Zhang X, Schweiger Gallo I, Prieto Gil P, Lorente Clemares R, Campara G, Aldhafri S, Fülöp M, Pyszczynski T, Kesebir P, Harb C. Individual and culture-level components of survey response styles: A multi-level analysis using cultural models of selfhood. Int J Psychol 2016; 51:453-463. [DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maja Becker
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Ellinor Owe
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton UK
| | | | - Rupert Brown
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton UK
| | | | | | - Robert Kreuzbauer
- Department of Marketing and International Business and Institute on Asian Consumer Insight, Nanyang Business School; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | | | - Masaki Yuki
- Behavioral Science/Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shaobo Lv
- Department of Psychology; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan China
| | - Phatthanakit Chobthamkit
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Library Science, and Geography, Thammasat University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Jas Laile Jaafar
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ronald Fischer
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Taciano L. Milfont
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Alin Gavreliuc
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timisoara; Timisoara Romania
| | - Peter Baguma
- Department of Educational, Social and Organizational Psychology, School of Psychology, Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | - Michael Harris Bond
- Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong
| | - Mariana Martin
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Namibia; Windhoek Namibia
| | - Nicolay Gausel
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder; Norway
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
| | | | - Alexander Tatarko
- Department of Psychology, Higher School of Economics; National Research University; Moscow Russia
| | - Roberto González
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Nicolas Didier
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Diego Carrasco
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Siugmin Lay
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - George Nizharadze
- Department of Social Sciences, Free University of Tbilisi; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Ana Torres
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba; Joao Pessoa Brazil
| | - Leoncio Camino
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba; Joao Pessoa Brazil
| | - Sami Abuhamdeh
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Şehir University; Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Silvia H. Koller
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Ginette Herman
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Marie Courtois
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Immo Fritsche
- Institute of Psychology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Agustín Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Lima Peru
| | - Juan A. Villamar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Claudia Manzi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Maria Brambilla
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Martina Zinkeng
- Department of Guidance and Counseling, University of Buea; Buea Cameroon
| | - Baland Jalal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Ersin Kusdil
- Department of Psychology; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Bettina Möller
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Inge Schweiger Gallo
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Prieto Gil
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Gabriella Campara
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Said Aldhafri
- Department of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos University; Muscat Oman
| | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Tom Pyszczynski
- Department of Psychology; University of Colorado at Colorado Springs; CO USA
| | - Pelin Kesebir
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison; USA
| | - Charles Harb
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
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Vignoles VL, Owe E, Becker M, Smith PB, Easterbrook MJ, Brown R, González R, Didier N, Carrasco D, Cadena MP, Lay S, Schwartz SJ, Des Rosiers SE, Villamar JA, Gavreliuc A, Zinkeng M, Kreuzbauer R, Baguma P, Martin M, Tatarko A, Herman G, de Sauvage I, Courtois M, Garðarsdóttir RB, Harb C, Schweiger Gallo I, Prieto Gil P, Lorente Clemares R, Campara G, Nizharadze G, Macapagal MEJ, Jalal B, Bourguignon D, Zhang J, Lv S, Chybicka A, Yuki M, Zhang X, Espinosa A, Valk A, Abuhamdeh S, Amponsah B, Özgen E, Güner EÜ, Yamakoğlu N, Chobthamkit P, Pyszczynski T, Kesebir P, Vargas Trujillo E, Balanta P, Cendales Ayala B, Koller SH, Jaafar JL, Gausel N, Fischer R, Milfont TL, Kusdil E, Çağlar S, Aldhafri S, Ferreira MC, Mekonnen KH, Wang Q, Fülöp M, Torres A, Camino L, Lemos FCS, Fritsche I, Möller B, Regalia C, Manzi C, Brambilla M, Bond MH. Beyond the 'east-west' dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood. J Exp Psychol Gen 2016; 145:966-1000. [PMID: 27359126 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Didier
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Diego Carrasco
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | | | - Siugmin Lay
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | | | - Juan A Villamar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
| | | | | | - Robert Kreuzbauer
- Department of Marketing and International Business and Institute on Asian Consumer Insight, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Peter Baguma
- Department of Educational, Social and Organizational Psychology, School of Psychology, Makerere University
| | | | - Alexander Tatarko
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - Ginette Herman
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain
| | | | - Marie Courtois
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain
| | | | - Charles Harb
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut
| | | | - Paula Prieto Gil
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | - Gabriella Campara
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | | | - Baland Jalal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Jianxin Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shaobo Lv
- Department of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Masaki Yuki
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Agustín Espinosa
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
| | - Aune Valk
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu
| | | | | | - Emre Özgen
- Department of Psychology, Yaşar University
| | | | | | - Phatthanakit Chobthamkit
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Library Science, and Geography, Thammasat University
| | - Tom Pyszczynski
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
| | - Pelin Kesebir
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | | | - Silvia H Koller
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Jas Laile Jaafar
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, University of Malaya
| | | | - Ronald Fischer
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington
| | - Taciano L Milfont
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Wang
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Ana Torres
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba
| | | | | | | | - Bettina Möller
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
| | | | - Claudia Manzi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan
| | | | - Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Méduric N, Decerle JM, Blanche V, Courtois M. Prévention du risque cancérigène d’une huile utilisée dans l’industrie aéronautique. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Courtois M, Herman G. Managers are potential levers of discrimination within organizations: the role of group identification, assimilation endorsement and power. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Courtois
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL); Psychological Sciences Research Institute (PSRI); Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche; Travail, Etat et Société (CIRTES)
| | - Ginette Herman
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL); Psychological Sciences Research Institute (PSRI); Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche; Travail, Etat et Société (CIRTES)
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Douchamps J, Bury A, Sneessens C, Courtois M. Seven reasons to promote CIVAS-assembled point-of-care activated systems for infusion of labile drugs instead of on-ward traditional set methods. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Owe E, Vignoles VL, Becker M, Brown R, Smith PB, Lee SWS, Easterbrook M, Gadre T, Zhang X, Gheorghiu M, Baguma P, Tatarko A, Aldhafri S, Zinkeng M, Schwartz SJ, Des Rosiers SE, Villamar JA, Mekonnen KH, Regalia C, Manzi C, Brambilla M, Kusdil E, Çağ lar S, Gavreliuc A, Martin M, Jianxin Z, Lv S, Fischer R, Milfont TL, Torres A, Camino L, Kreuzbauer R, Gausel N, Buitendach JH, Lemos FCS, Fritsche I, Möller B, Harb C, Valk A, Espinosa A, Jaafar JL, Yuki M, Ferreira MC, Chobthamkit P, Fülöp M, Chybicka A, Wang Q, Bond MH, González R, Didier N, Carrasco D, Cadena MP, Lay S, Garðarsdóttir RB, Nizharadze G, Pyszczynski T, Kesebir P, Herman G, de Sauvage I, Courtois M, Bourguignon D, Özgen E, Güner ÜE, Yamakoğlu N, Abuhamdeh S, Mogaji A, Macapagal MEJ, Koller SH, Amponsah B, Misra G, Kapur P, Vargas Trujillo E, Balanta P, Cendales Ayala B, Schweiger Gallo I, Prieto Gil P, Clemares RL, Campara G, Jalal B. Contextualism as an Important Facet of Individualism-Collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022111430255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Beliefs about personhood are understood to be a defining feature of individualism-collectivism (I-C), but they have been insufficiently explored, given the emphasis of research on values and self-construals. We propose the construct of contextualism, referring to beliefs about the importance of context in understanding people, as a facet of cultural collectivism. A brief measure was developed and refined across 19 nations (Study 1: N = 5,241), showing good psychometric properties for cross-cultural use and correlating well at the nation level with other supposed facets and indicators of I-C. In Study 2 ( N = 8,652), nation-level contextualism predicted ingroup favoritism, corruption, and differential trust of ingroup and outgroup members, while controlling for other facets of I-C, across 35 nations. We conclude that contextualism is an important part of cultural collectivism. This highlights the importance of beliefs alongside values and self-representations and contributes to a wider understanding of cultural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Wang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siugmin Lay
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Pelin Kesebir
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Moreau M, Courtois M, Dab W. Froid et troubles musculosquelettiques l’industrie agroalimentaire bretonne. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Le Prunenec Y, Le May P, Gay V, Leborgne C, Courtois M, Dab W. Évaluation des risques professionnels dans un cabinet d’orthoprothésistes. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Belkebir Z, Lacomba C, Courtois M, Dab W. Étude des risques liés aux vibrations et à la manutention manuelle pour des agents d’exploitation de fret aérien. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zind C, Droz S, Gilbert JP, Courtois M. Évaluation et gestion des risques professionnels des mécaniciens poids lourds dans les ateliers. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jannin I, Burel A, Gilbert JP, Courtois M. Évaluation des risques professionnels des ramoneurs d’une entreprise de maintenance industrielle et de nettoyage spécialisés. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schveitzer D, Joly-Métais M, Gilbert JP, Courtois M. Vieillir dans la grande distribution : le cas des vendeurs approvisionneurs. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pradel M, Le Goualher D, Gilbert JP, Courtois M. Étude du risque biologique pour les personnels d’entreprises intervenant dans les égouts de la région parisienne. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Charreyron S, Soulier PH, Gilbert JP, Courtois M. Gestion des agents cancérogènes, mutagènes, reprotoxiques dans les entreprises de deuxième transformation du bois : importance d’une typologie des entreprises. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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17
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Courtois M, Mounier M, Janoray-Manivet I, Girodon F, Carli PM, Maynadié M. Incidence et valeur pronostique des anomalies des gènes FLT-3 et NPM1 dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes dans la population de Côte d’Or. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2008.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Lisauskas J, Singh J, Courtois M, Kovács SJ. The relation of the peak Doppler E-wave to peak mitral annulus velocity ratio to diastolic function. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27:499-507. [PMID: 11368862 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous observations (Garcia et al. 1998; Sohn et al. 1997; Nagueh et al. 1997) indicate that mitral annulus velocity may be viewed as a "load-independent" index of filling and that wedge pressure is linearly related to the transmitral flow velocity (V(E)) to mitral annulus velocity (V(MA)) ratio (V(E)/V(MA)) measured at maximum velocity. In healthy subjects, the mean value observed for [V(E)](max)/[V(MA)](max) was 1:0.23 approximately 4. No prior physiologic or physical explanation for the basis of, or for the magnitude of, the ratio has been proposed. We propose a physiologic, model-based, quantitative explanation for these observations and test our simplified model's prediction in an invasive (n = 30) and noninvasive (n = 34) test groups of subjects. The simplified geometric model is based on the known constant volume (within a few percentage points) attribute of the four-chambered heart. Accordingly, left-atrial and left-ventricular volumes reciprocate so that their sum is constant throughout the cardiac cycle. The model predicts that: 1. the ratio (V(E)/V(MA)) is a constant approximately 3 in healthy hearts; and 2. V(E)/V(MA) should be linearly proportional to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Model prediction was tested using V(E) and V(MA) echocardiographic data from 34 subjects (noninvasive group), and simultaneous echocardiographic and high-fidelity hemodynamic (LVEDP) data in 30 subjects (invasive group). Excellent agreement was observed between model prediction and observed data. For the noninvasive (healthy) group, [V(E)](max)/[V(MA)](max) = 4.20 +/- 1.11. For the invasive group, [V(E)](max)/[V(MA)](max) was observed to be linearly related to LVEDP, [V(E)](max)/[V(MA)](max) = 0.19 (LVEDP) + 1.54, r = 0.92. Hence, [V(E)](max)/[V(MA)](max) is a legitimate flow-derived index of diastolic function because it is a derivable consequence of the heart's constant-volume pump attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lisauskas
- Cardiovascular Biophysics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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19
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Veau B, Courtois M, Oudin A, Chénieux JC, Rideau M, Clastre M. Cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding two enzymes of the MEP pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1517:159-63. [PMID: 11118631 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two periwinkle cDNAs (crdxr and crmecs) encoding enzymes of the non-mevalonate terpenoid pathway were characterized using reverse transcription-PCR strategy based on the design of degenerated oligonucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence of crdxr is homologue to 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerases. Crmecs represents the first plant cDNA encoding a protein similar to the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. Expression of crdxr and crmecs genes was up-regulated in periwinkle cells producing monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Involvement of the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway in alkaloid biosynthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Veau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Biochimie végétale, EA2106, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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20
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Abstract
It is now recognized that a sizable portion of patients who exhibit symptoms of congestive heart failure have relatively well-preserved systolic function, but have significantly elevated LV filling pressures. This syndrome, termed "diastolic heart failure," is associated with various conditions such as aging, anatomic abnormalities, hypertension, ischemic disease, tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Advances in the proper medical and surgical management of these patients will depend on the continued delineation of the basic physiologic mechanisms that account for normal and pathologic cardiac diastolic function. This goal can only be achieved by the integration of information acquired from basic science investigations conducted in vitro and in vivo, mathematic modeling simulation studies, and prospective, community-based investigations that characterize the incidence, prevalence, and natural history of the disease. In addition, randomized clinical trials will be needed to determine the optimal treatment strategies for this group of patients--strategy choices undoubtably complicated by a disease whose treatment is influenced to a large extent by its origin. The future therapies evaluated in these randomized clinical trials will most likely range from medical therapies that target either the heart directly or the peripheral vascular system, to surgical interventions such as direct myocardial revascularization, to gene therapy. Finally, it is worth mentioning one more unresolved issue that is of general practical concern not only to the physiologist studying diastolic function, but also to the clinician: whether or not it is even feasible to develop a single, sensitive, specific, clinically relevant index of diastolic function that is free from the contaminating influences of rate, contractility, and load. As observed by Glantz 20 years ago, developing indexes with the hope that one might fully delineate the left ventricle's diastolic properties, rather than concentrating on discovering the physiologic significance of such indexes, is probably counterproductive. More recently, in a related article, Slinker implied that an operational definition of any aspect of cardiac function must allow for the measurement of that function over an adequate range of essential variables. Therefore, as previously mentioned, the physiologist studying cardiac function has the daunting task of trying to understand, in a precise way, how the processes and mechanisms of the various phases of the cardiac cycle couple together to produce either a normal or abnormal functioning heart. It seems clear that because of the complex weave of factors that control overall cardiac diastolic function, the derivation of any single index that adequately describes LV diastolic function in vivo may not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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21
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Peterson LR, Courtois M, Peterson LF, Peterson MR, Dávila-Román VG, Spina RJ, Barzilai B. Estrogen increases hyperemic microvascular blood flow velocity in postmenopausal women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55:M174-9. [PMID: 10795732 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/55.3.m174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is protective against vascular disease. ERT confers this benefit by lowering lipid levels and improving arterial function. However, its effect on the microvasculature in vivo is unknown. Thus the purposes of this study were to evaluate effect of estrogen status on the hyperemic response of the microvasculature in vivo in postmenopausal women and to compare the hyperemic response of the microvasculature in postmenopausal women taking ERT with that of premenopausal women. METHODS We measured forearm microvasculature flow velocity by using a laser Doppler in a cross section of 64 healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women 23 to 72 years old. Microvasculature blood flow velocity was measured at baseline. throughout 2 minutes of ischemia, and immediately after the ischemic period was terminated (i.e., during the peak hyperemic response). RESULTS The peak of the hyperemic flow velocity (PHFV) in the postmenopausal women who were taking long-term ERT at usual doses was greater than that of postmenopausal women who were not currently taking ERT (p < .0001). Moreover, the PHFV of postmenopausal women taking ERT was similar to that of premenopausal women. Multivariate regression analysis showed estrogen status and baseline flow velocity to be independent predictors of PHFV. CONCLUSIONS Current, long-term ERT at usual replacement doses is associated with improved microvascular responses in postmenopausal women, which may explain some of its beneficial vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Peterson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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22
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Rogers JH, Tamirisa P, Kovacs A, Weinheimer C, Courtois M, Blumer KJ, Kelly DP, Muslin AJ. RGS4 causes increased mortality and reduced cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:567-76. [PMID: 10487771 PMCID: PMC408537 DOI: 10.1172/jci6713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RGS family members are GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for heterotrimeric G proteins. There is evidence that altered RGS gene expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. We investigated the ability of RGS4 to modulate cardiac physiology using a transgenic mouse model. Overexpression of RGS4 in postnatal ventricular tissue did not affect cardiac morphology or basal cardiac function, but markedly compromised the ability of the heart to adapt to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In contrast to wild-type mice, the transgenic animals developed significantly reduced ventricular hypertrophy in response to pressure overload and also did not exhibit induction of the cardiac "fetal" gene program. TAC of the transgenic mice caused a rapid decompensation in most animals characterized by left ventricular dilatation, depressed systolic function, and increased postoperative mortality when compared with nontransgenic littermates. These results implicate RGS proteins as a crucial component of the signaling pathway involved in both the cardiac response to acute ventricular pressure overload and the cardiac hypertrophic program.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic
- Apoptosis
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Constriction
- GTPase-Activating Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Rate
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Pressure
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Rogers
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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23
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Lagrost L, Athias A, Lemort N, Richard JL, Desrumaux C, Châtenet-Duchêne L, Courtois M, Farnier M, Jacotot B, Braschi S, Gambert P. Plasma lipoprotein distribution and lipid transfer activities in patients with type IIb hyperlipidemia treated with simvastatin. Atherosclerosis 1999; 143:415-25. [PMID: 10217372 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to search in type IIb hyperlipidemic patients for putative concomitant effects of simvastatin on the physicochemical characteristics of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as on the activities of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) that were determined in both endogenous lipoprotein-dependent and endogenous lipoprotein-independent assays. In a double-blind, randomized trial, patients received either placebo (one tablet/day; n = 12) or simvastatin (20 mg/day; n = 12) for a period of 8 weeks after a 5-week run-in period. Simvastatin, unlike placebo, reduced the lipid and apolipoprotein B contents of the most abundant LDL-1, LDL-2, and LDL-3 subfractions without inducing significant changes in the overall size distribution of LDL and HDL. Whereas simvastatin significantly increased PLTP activity in an endogenous lipoprotein-dependent assay (P < 0.01), no variation was observed in a lipoprotein-independent assay. Simvastatin significantly decreased plasma CETP activity in an endogenous lipoprotein-dependent assay (P < 0.01), and the reduction in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer rates was explained by a 16% drop in CETP mass concentration (P < 0.01). In contrast, the specific activity of CETP was unaffected by the simvastatin treatment reflecting at least in part the lack of significant alteration in plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein acceptors. The simvastatin-induced changes in plasma CETP mass levels correlated positively with changes in plasma CETP activity (r = 0.483, P = 0.0561), in total cholesterol levels (r = 0.769; P < 0.01), and in LDL-cholesterol levels (r = 0.736; P < 0.01). Whereas the observations suggest that simvastatin might exert concomitant beneficial effects on plasma CETP and LDL levels, neither plasma cholesteryl ester transfer activity nor plasma phospholipid transfer activity appeared as the main determinants of the LDL and HDL distribution profiles in type IIb hyperlipidemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lagrost
- Laboratoire de Biochimie des Lipoprotéines, INSERM U498, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France
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24
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Courtois M, Kovács SJ, Ludbrook PA. Diastolic suction during acute coronary occlusion. Circulation 1998; 98:2099-2100. [PMID: 9808614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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25
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Kovacs A, Courtois M, Davila-Roman V, Ludbrook P, Perez J. Ultrasonic tissue characterization identifies altered physical properties of the myocardium in a rat model of insulin resistance. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)80433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Courtois M, Maupoil V, Fantini E, Durot I, Javouhey-Donzel A, Athias P, Grynberg A, Rochette L. Correlation between direct ESR spectroscopic measurements and electromechanical and biochemical assessments of exogenous free radical injury in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 1998; 24:121-31. [PMID: 9436621 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive free radical species appear to be involved in the ischemic injury of cardiac muscle, although the mechanisms by which oxygen-derived free radicals affect the heart cell function are not known. In the present study, cultured ventricular myocytes were exposed to an exogenous oxygen radical generating system. The myocyte-enriched, primary cultures were prepared from ventricles of new-born rat heart and exposed to a xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X+XO) system. The transmembrane potentials were recorded with glass microelectrodes. Cell contractions were monitored photometrically. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the medium was analysed. Quantitative measurement and the time course of the radical generation were performed by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping technique with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyroline-N-oxide (DMPO). We verified that X and XO alone had no significant functional and biochemical effects. The X+XO system produced a rapid decrease in the action potential amplitude. This effect was accompanied by a strong decrease in contractility and spontaneous rate. The time course of these functional defects were correlated with a progressive efflux of LDH from the cardiomyocytes. Prolonging the exposure to the X+XO system provoked the cessation of the spontaneous beatings and the progressive loss of the resting diastolic potential, together with a near total release of the cellular LDH. The LDH release and the functional depression were both efficiently prevented by catalase. On the contrary, superoxide dismutase (SOD) slowed down but did not protect against the functional and biochemical effects of the free radicals. In comparison, the EPR spectra obtained indicated that the X+XO system was associated with an important generation of superoxide anions but also with a small hydroxyl production. SOD scavenged the superoxide but a small .OH production persisted. Catalase (CAT) did not modify the superoxide generation but decreased the hydroxyl adduct formation. These results suggest that, although the generation of superoxide anions by the X+XO system was higher than the hydroxyl production, the functional injury and enzyme leakage seemed mainly mediated through a hydrogen peroxide-hydroxyl radical pathway. Cultured ventricular myocytes can be thus used as a valuable model to investigate the cellular mechanism of oxidant-induced damage in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Experimentales, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon, France
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27
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Lee HH, Dávila-Román VG, Ludbrook PA, Courtois M, Walsh JF, Delano DA, Rubin PJ, Gropler RJ. Dependency of contractile reserve on myocardial blood flow: implications for the assessment of myocardial viability with dobutamine stress echocardiography. Circulation 1997; 96:2884-91. [PMID: 9386153 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.96.9.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contractile reserve, improvement in contractile function during inotropic stimulation, is a proposed marker of viable myocardium. This study was designed to address, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction due to chronic coronary artery disease, whether contractile reserve depends on myocardial blood flow. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 19 patients, at rest and during dobutamine, with 2D echocardiography for regional mechanical function and PET for regional myocardial blood flow ([(15)O]water) and oxygen consumption ([11C]acetate). Of 166 myocardial segments, 21 had normal systolic function, 56 were dysfunctional but contractile reserve-positive, and 89 were dysfunctional and contractile reserve-negative. Myocardial blood flow at rest was lower in contractile reserve-negative (0.41+/-0.18 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)) than in contractile reserve-positive (0.50+/-0.22 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)) and normal segments (0.55+/-0.20 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), P<.009). After dobutamine infusion, blood flow increased less in contractile reserve-negative (0.63+/-0.38 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)) than in contractile reserve-positive (1.28+/-0.65 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)) and normal segments (1.93+/-0.83 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), P<.0001). Likewise, myocardial oxygen consumption was lower at rest in contractile reserve-negative (clearance rate of [11C]acetate, 0.043+/-0.012 min(-1)) than in contractile reserve-positive (0.048+/-0.01 min(-1)) and normal segments (0.058+/-0.008 min(-1), P<.02). Myocardial oxygen consumption with dobutamine increased less in contractile reserve-negative (0.060+/-0.013 min(-1)) than in contractile reserve-positive (0.077+/-0.016 min(-1)) and normal segments (0.092+/-0.024 min(-1), P<.0001). Of segments defined as viable by PET, 54% were contractile reserve-negative and exhibited lower blood flow with dobutamine (0.72+/-0.36 mL x g(-1) x min(-1)) than with viable, contractile reserve-positive segments (1.29+/-0.70 mL x g(-1) x min(-1), P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS Contractile reserve depends, in part, on the level of myocardial blood flow at rest and during inotropic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo, USA
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between the left ventricular (LV) relaxation time constant and early diastolic filling is not fully defined. This study provides additional evidence that LV isovolumic pressure fall in the normal intact heart in response to certain interventions is not adequately described by a model of monoexponential decay and that its relationship to filling is complex. METHODS AND RESULTS To gain further insight into the relationship between LV relaxation and early rapid filling we measured LV isovolumic relaxation rate, peak early filling velocity (E), LV volumes, and transmitral pressures at baseline and in the first postextrasystolic beat after a short-coupled extrasystole in 9 anesthetized dogs. Postextrasystolic isovolumic relaxation rate was slowed as measured by 3 commonly used time constants, while E was increased 32%. LV contractility and peak pressure were also increased, while LV end-systolic volume was decreased. LV minimum pressure was deceased, while the early diastolic transmitral pressure gradient was increased. Although all relaxation time constants measured over the entire isovolumic relaxation phase indicated slowed relaxation, direct measurement of isovolumic relaxation time indicated no change in relaxation rate. Calculation of the time constants and direct measurement of isovolumic relaxation time during early isovolumic pressure decay indicated slowed postextrasystolic pressure decay rate compared with baseline, while calculation of time constants and direct measurement of isovolumic relaxation time during late isovolumic relaxation indicated augmented postextrasystolic pressure decay rate versus baseline. CONCLUSIONS This non-exponential behavior of LV isovolumic pressure decay in postextrasystolic beats after short-coupled extrasystoles provides further evidence that the relationship that exists between ventricular relaxation and early filling is not simple. The results are interpreted in terms of current theoretical formulations that attribute control of myocardial relaxation to the interaction between inactivation-dependent and load-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Courtois M, Loussouarn G, Hourseau S, Grollier JF. Periodicity in the growth and shedding of hair. Br J Dermatol 1996; 134:47-54. [PMID: 8745886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ten men, with or without alopecia, were observed for a period of between 8 and 14 years using phototrichograms on a precisely located zone on the vertex of the scalp. Among the various parameters observed, we chose the percentage of hairs in telogen as the criterion for assessment of hair shedding. Mathematical analysis of the variations in this telogen percentage was carried out for each individual subject and for the whole group, as represented by the population mean (or the 'average subject'). This analysis demonstrated the existence of overall annual periodicity, manifested by a maximal proportion of telogen hairs at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. Some subjects also exhibited a periodicity approximately corresponding to two annual peaks. In those subjects with a very low proportion of hairs in telogen, no periodicity was demonstrated. In another group of subjects, it has been shown that the variations in telogen percentage reflect those observed in hair shedding, assessed in a standardized manner. Periodicity of the telogen percentage, and hence of hair fall, is not independent of climatic factors (sunshine hours), and these must be taken into account when assessing the treatment or prevention of hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- L'Oreal, Laboratoires Recherche Appliquée et Développement, Clichy, France
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many reference levels have been proposed for the measurement of intracardiac pressures, but none have met with universal acceptance. In the first part of our study, we evaluated 10 cardiologists' understanding of how hydrostatic pressure influences intracardiac pressures as measured with fluid-filled catheters. In the second part, we proposed and validated a new zero level (H): the uppermost blood level in the left ventricular (LV) chamber relative to the anterior chest wall for a patient in the supine position. A comparison was made of LV minimum diastolic pressure measured by reference to H versus measurements made with the zero level at midchest. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two-dimensional echocardiography, we determined H in the LVs of seven normal patients (five male, two female; age, 49 +/- 9 years) undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. H was determined from a left parasternal short-axis view and calculated as the average distance between end diastole and end systole of the endocardium of the uppermost segment of the LV anterior wall below the fourth or fifth intercostal space of the left sternal border on the anterior surface of the chest wall, with the patient in the supine position. A micromanometer/fluid-filled lumen catheter was then positioned in the LV, and we compared the micromanometer LV minimum pressure (LVPmin) obtained when the reference fluid-filled transducer was aligned at midchest with the LVPmin obtained when the reference fluid-filled transducer was aligned at H. LVPmin referenced to a midchest fluid-filled external transducer was measured as 5.1 +/- 1.6 mm Hg (range, 2.4 to 7.2 mm Hg) versus -0.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (range, -1.6 to 0.4 mm Hg) when referenced to H (P < .001). A significant linear relation was found to exist between patient anterior-posterior chest diameter and the magnitude of hydrostatic pressure influences related to pressure referenced at midchest (r = .88; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS External fluid-filled transducers should be used with the goal of removing hydrostatic pressure and other influences so that the presence of subatmospheric pressure during diastole in any of the cardiac chambers is accurately measured. To achieve this goal, intracardiac pressure should be referenced to an external fluid-filled transducer aligned with the uppermost blood level in the chamber in which pressure is to be measured. The current practice of referencing the zero level of LV diastolic pressure to an external fluid-filled transducer positioned at the midchest level results in systematic overestimation due to hydrostatic effects and produces physiologically significant error in the measurement of diastolic intracardiac pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo 63110, USA
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31
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Abstract
The phototrichogram is a non-invasive technique by which, on the same precise area of the scalp, each individual hair may be identified, and its current growth phase established. This technique was used to study the duration of hair cycles in 10 male subjects, balding and non-balding, by observations at monthly intervals over a period of 8-14 years. The accumulated data served to characterize the effects of ageing in these subjects: a reduction in the duration of hair growth and in the diameter of hair shafts, most evident in the thickest hairs, and a prolongation of the interval separating the loss of a hair in telogen and the emergence of a replacement hair in anagen. These various aspects of ageing of scalp hair contribute to its progressive overall impoverishment. They resemble those observed in the course of male-pattern balding, although their development is less marked.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- L'Oreal, Laboratoires Recherche Appliquée et Développement, Clichy, France
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial pressure (LAP) is often believed to play a dominant role in the determination of left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling. In a previous study we found no significant relation between LAP and LV early filling velocity (E) but found instead a relation between E and two determinants of LV myocardial shortening (contractility and afterload). To determine if such disparate results may be related to the data ranges of the independent variables in a given population of animals, we took advantage of the differential hemodynamic effects of two modes of volume expansion: saline and whole blood. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen closed-chest anesthetized dogs were instrumented with micromanometers for measurement of LV, left atrial, and aortic pressures. LV volumes were obtained with use of contrast ventriculography, pressures by micromanometry, and transmitral flow-velocity by Doppler echocardiography. After obtaining baseline measurements, group 1 (n = 9) received rapid infusion of 500 to 650 mL of saline over 10 minutes, and group 2 (n = 9) received the same volume infusion of whole blood. In terms of two known determinants of E, infusion of saline resulted in a significant increase in LAP at the moment of mitral valve opening (X1) (1.5 +/- 0.9 to 5.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; P < .05) and a moderate decrease in the pressure decay rate during isovolumic relaxation (tau 1/2) (22.9 +/- 2.4 to 26.3 +/- 3.5 milliseconds; P < .05). When these two factors were entered together into a multiple regression analysis with E as the dependent variable, the overall correlation was found to be significant (R = .722; P < .008), with both independent variables contributing significantly to the relation. When factors related to myocardial shortening (afterload and contractility) were added to this relation, they did not significantly improve the prediction of E. Like saline, whole blood infusion augmented X1 (1.6 +/- 2.4 to 8.8 +/- 3.2 mm Hg; P < .05) and tau 1/2 (21.5 +/- 2.6 to 32.0 +/- 6.3 milliseconds; P < .05) but also significantly increased LV afterload as measured by aortic diastolic pressure (91 +/- 10 to 110 +/- 12 mm Hg; P < .05). Multiple regression analysis of X1 and tau 1/2 with E again revealed a significant relation (R = .761; P < .002), with both independent variables contributing significantly to the relation. However, in this case, addition of contractility and afterload to the regression significantly improved the relation (R = .909; P < .001), with all four independent variables now contributing significantly to the prediction of E. CONCLUSIONS Combined with our previous results, this study indicates the degree to which experimental methods can have an impact on the delineation of the determinants of a phenomenon as complex as LV early diastolic filling. Which independent variables emerge as primary determinants can be strongly influenced by the experimenter's choice of experimental design and manipulations. Specifically, experiments using volume infusion to delineate the responses of the cardiovascular system to variations in loading must allow for the hemodynamic changes that are inherent in the choice of infusate and infusion technique, especially when those interventions may significantly alter blood oxygen-carrying capacity and, in turn, differentially modify factors that affect the magnitude of the early diastolic transmitral pressure gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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Abstract
Male pattern alopecia is the outcome of profound modifications in the duration, succession and frequency of hair cycles. These phenomena were studied by phototrichogram in 10 male subjects, with or without alopecia, over a period of 15 years. Almost 10,000 hair cycles were accounted for, yielding a detailed picture of the alopecia condition: (1) A decrease in the duration of anagen for a certain proportion of hairs, a proportion which increases in size, the more advanced the alopecia; the result of this premature transformation from anagen to telogen is an increase in the rate of hair loss. (2) A parallel decline in hair diameter. (3) Longer latency periods between the fall of a hair and the onset of regrowth, leading to a reduction in the number of hairs present on the scalp surface. The shorter finer hairs are absent more frequently and absent for longer periods and this contributes to the effect of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- L'Oréal Laboratories RAD, Clichy, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Three important determinants of left ventricular (LV) peak early diastolic filling rate, which is related directly to the magnitude of the transmitral pressure difference, are the rate of LV isovolumic pressure fall (T1/2), left atrial (LA) pressure at mitral valve opening (X1), and end-systolic volume (ESV). METHODS AND RESULTS To delineate the relative degrees to which these factors contribute to the magnitude of peak early diastolic filling rate, we measured LA and regional intra-LV pressures with micromanometers, LV volume with contrast angiography, and peak transmitral flow velocity (E) with transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in 16 anesthetized closed-chest dogs. E did not correlate significantly with either X1 (r = -0.255) or T1/2 (r = -0.281). Multivariate analysis, with E entered as the dependent variable and X1 and T1/2 as independent variables, also failed to reach significance (R = 0.310). E correlated significantly with ESV (r = -0.633, p less than 0.009). Using multivariate analysis, the major determinants of ESV were found to be LV contractility (+dP/dt), afterload (aortic diastolic pressure, AOdias), and preload (end-diastolic volume, EDV) (R = 0.848, p less than 0.001). E correlated significantly with two of the determinants of ESV (+dP/dt and AOdias) (R = 0.906, p less than 0.001); however, the addition of EDV did not significantly improve the multivariate relation (R = 0.911). To determine whether X1 or T1/2 would add significantly to the above multivariate relation, these factors were entered individually along with +dP/dt and AOdias as third independent variables. Neither the addition of X1 (R = 0.906) or T1/2 (R = 0.926) resulted in a significant improvement in the prediction of E. CONCLUSIONS Our observations confirm the importance of factors related to ESV as important determinants of early diastolic filling. These relations suggest that the process of early diastolic function is intimately related to systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Courtois M, Khatami S, Fantini E, Athias P, Mielle P, Grynberg A. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in cultured cardiomyocytes: effect on physiology and beta-adrenoceptor function. Am J Physiol 1992; 262:H451-6. [PMID: 1311529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.2.h451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the membrane fatty acid composition on the basal electrical and contractile activities and the response to beta-adrenergic stimulation of rat cardiac muscle cells in culture. Cells were grown for 3 days in a conventional serum culture medium and then incubated for 24 h in synthetic media containing either n-6 or n-3 as the sole source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The n-6/n-3 ratio in the phospholipids was 0.9 in the n-3 cells and 13.1 in the n-6 cells compared with 6.3 in controls cells. Such modifications did not alter action potentials and the main parameters related to contraction, although shortening was slightly accelerated in the n-6 cells. On the other hand, the positive chronotropic effect induced by isoproterenol was more pronounced (P less than 0.01) in n-3 cells than in n-6 cells. In addition, isoproterenol caused a decrease in contraction duration and in shortening and relaxation time that was less pronounced in n-6 than in control cells (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that the PUFA balance in the phospholipids may contribute to modulate the cardiac adrenergic receptor system but not the membrane properties related to electro-mechanical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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36
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Abstract
Regional intraventricular pressure gradients exist in the left ventricle (LV) during both the early and late filling phases of diastole. These regional pressure gradients comprise a fundamental component of the mechanism of normal LV filling. To determine whether similar diastolic pressure gradients also occur in the right ventricle (RV), we measured right atrial (RA) and RV regional pressures with use of micromanometers in six anesthetized, closed-chest dogs. Tricuspid flow velocity was recorded with use of transesophageal Doppler echocardiography, and right ventriculograms were obtained with contrast angiography. As in the LV, the maximum RA-RV pressure gradient during early diastole was consistently greater if RV pressure was measured near the apex than in the inflow tract (1.6 +/- 0.5 versus 0.8 +/- 0.4 mm Hg). The area of reversed pressure was also found to be significantly greater in the apex than in the inflow tract (72 +/- 43 versus 8 +/- 6 mm Hg.msec). However, unlike the LV, the lowest minimum pressure was usually recorded in the RV outflow tract, resulting in a significantly increased RA-RV outflow tract pressure gradient compared with the RA-RV apex pressure gradient (2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm Hg). Analysis of right ventriculograms indicates marked narrowing of the RV outflow tract at end systole in all six animals, suggesting that an end-systolic deformation in this region is the likely mechanism for production of low early diastolic pressure in this region. During atrial contraction the RV regional pressure gradient pattern was similar to the LV pattern: the RV a-wave ascent occurred earlier in the inflow tract and later in the apex. A-wave ascent appeared to occur almost simultaneously in the apex and outflow tract. In the six animals, Doppler-derived peak tricuspid flow velocity during early diastole was 35 +/- 6 cm/sec. Early tricuspid flow acceleration (393 +/- 101 cm/sec2) was found to be significantly greater than deceleration of flow (182 +/- 59 cm/sec2). Comparison of tricuspid pressure-flow data with mitral pressure-flow data previously obtained in our laboratory indicates that the driving pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve is significantly less than across the mitral. This pressure difference corresponds to differences in acceleration and peak flow found across the two valves. Consideration of these physiological patterns of RV diastolic intraventricular pressure and their relation to filling has important implications with regard to the development of indexes that characterize diastolic pressure-flow relations and provides physiological insight relating to the location of ventricular restoring forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Fantini E, Athias P, Courtois M, Khatami S, Grynberg A, Chevalier A. Oxygen and substrate deprivation on isolated rat cardiac myocytes: temporal relationship between electromechanical and biochemical consequences. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1990; 68:1148-56. [PMID: 2390741 DOI: 10.1139/y90-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on action potentials (AP), contractions, and certain biochemical parameters were studied in isolated rat ventricular myocytes in monolayer culture in the presence and absence of glucose. Substrate deprivation alone had no influence on the basal properties. In the presence of glucose, a 4-h hypoxic treatment caused only a moderate decrease in AP amplitude and rate. In substrate-free conditions, hypoxia induced a gradual decline in plateau potential level and in AP duration and rate, followed by rhythm abnormalities and a failure of the electromechanical coupling. Spontaneous AP generation then ceased, and the resting potential decreased with increased duration of hypoxia. These alterations were associated with a decrease in ATP content, an increase in the lactate production, and a leakage of about 50% of the total cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cells reoxygenated after 150 min hypoxia recovered near-normal function, while the ATP depletion ceased and the rate of lactate and LDH loss was diminished. Conversely, cells reoxygenated after 4 h hypoxia exhibited a further decrease of the residual resting polarization and no change in the decline of intracellular ATP and in the efflux of cytosolic lactate and LDH. The results of this study indicate that (1) the sequence and the extent of functional alterations are dependent on the duration of hypoxia in the absence of exogenous substrate and (2) ATP depletion and the amount of lactate and LDH released during hypoxia are related to the shift from reversibly to irreversibly damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fantini
- Laboratoire de physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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38
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Abstract
A consistent pattern of intraventricular regional pressure gradients exists under physiological conditions during the rapid filling phase of diastole in the normal dog left ventricle. We hypothesized that this pressure gradient pattern is caused, in part, by early diastolic recoil of the left ventricular walls in conjunction with release of elastic potential energy stored during systole, generating suction and thus contributing to diastolic filling. If so, any condition that interferes with normal regional systolic function might be expected to modify the pattern of the normal early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine whether acutely induced regional systolic left ventricular mechanical dysfunction is accompanied by changes in the pattern of the early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients. Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in nine anesthetized closed-chest dogs. The maximum early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradient (MIVP) was measured between the mid-left ventricle and apex with a dual-sensor micromanometer (3-cm spacing between the sensors) before and 20 minutes after LAD occlusion. Ejection fraction (EF) and number of dyskinetic chords (DChords) were measured from left ventricular contrast ventriculograms. Twenty minutes after LAD occlusion, the nine dogs evidenced significant changes in EF (56 +/- 10% to 37 +/- 8%), DChords (0 +/- 0 to 17 +/- 16 chords), left ventricular minimum pressure (-1.7 +/- 0.5 to 0.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (4.2 +/- 1.2 to 5.9 +/- 2.2 mm Hg), and heart rate (90 +/- 17 to 103 +/- 18 beats/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Washington University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, St. Louis, MO 63110
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39
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Abstract
Although recent animal and clinical studies suggest that Doppler-derived indexes may be useful for the characterization of ventricular diastolic behavior, the hemodynamic basis for the preload dependency of these indexes has not previously been fully elucidated. Accordingly, effects of reduction of left atrial load on the pressure-flow velocity relation were characterized in 10 anesthetized, closed-chest dogs during transient inferior vena caval occlusion by means of simultaneously recorded left atrial and left ventricular micromanometric pressure measurement and transesophageal Doppler echocardiograms. Within four or five beats after inferior vena caval balloon occlusion, left atrial loading was reduced as evidenced by a decrease in the slope of the left atrial v wave from 21 +/- 4 to 13 +/- 4 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.001) and by a decrease in the first crossover point of left atrial and left ventricular pressures from 5.6 +/- 1.1 to 2.9 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). This decrease in left atrial loading resulted in reductions during early diastole of minimum left ventricular pressure (from 1.0 +/- 0.8 to -0.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), the maximum early forward (i.e., left atrial pressure greater than left ventricular pressure) transmitral pressure gradient (from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01); the slope of the rapid filling pressure wave (from 44 +/- 11 to 38 +/- 10 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.025); and the area of the reversed (i.e., left ventricular pressure greater than left atrial pressure) transmitral pressure gradient (from 79 +/- 42 to 53 +/- 33 mm Hg.msec, p less than 0.05). During late diastole, both the heights and slopes of the left atrial and left ventricular a waves fell, resulting in a decrease in the maximum late transmitral pressure gradient (from 1.2 +/- 0.7 to 0.9 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Vena caval occlusion also altered Doppler transmitral velocity profiles during both the early and late phases of diastole. Peak velocity of the E wave decreased (from 50 +/- 11 to 41 +/- 7 cm/sec, p less than 0.01) as did acceleration (from 880 +/- 222 to 757 +/- 258 cm/sec2, p less than 0.025) and deceleration (from 597 +/- 260 to 429 +/- 197 cm/sec2, p less than 0.025). Peak velocity of the A wave also fell (from 29 +/- 9 to 22 +/- 5 cm/sec, p less than 0.005). Abrupt inferior vena caval occlusion did not significantly change heart rate or mean aortic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Grynberg A, Fantini E, Athias P, Degois M, Guenot L, Courtois M, Khatami S. Modification of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio in the phospholipids of rat ventricular myocytes in culture by the use of synthetic media: functional and biochemical consequences in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1988; 20:863-74. [PMID: 3216398 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2828(88)80141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The respective roles of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid composition, physiological properties and enzyme release was investigated on isolated cardiac muscle cells in normoxia and hypoxia. Rat neonatal ventricular myocytes were grown for 5 days in conventional serum-supplemented medium. Cells were then incubated for 24 h in fully chemically-defined media featuring a balanced fatty acid composition containing either linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) or linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) as sole polyunsaturated fatty acid source. Transmembrane potentials were monitored with microelectrodes and contractions with a photoelectric device. The radio of n-6 to n-3 phospholipid fatty acids increased from 6.3 in control cells to 20.2 in cells exposed to n-6 fatty acids (SM6) and decreased to 1.4 in those exposed to n-3 fatty acids (SM3). These modifications had no influence on the electrical and mechanical activities and on automaticity in normoxic conditions. The action potential depression under hypoxia was less severe in SM6 cells, whereas there was a better electrophysiological recovery upon reoxygenation in SM3 cells. However, the loss of lactate dehydrogenase during sustained hypoxic treatment was not affected by changes in phospholipid fatty acid pattern. These results suggest that the effect of the polyunsaturated fatty acid balance depends on the cellular function under study and on the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grynberg
- Station de Recherches sur la Qualité des Aliments de l'Homme, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Dijon, France
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Courtois M, Kovács SJ, Ludbrook PA. Transmitral pressure-flow velocity relation. Importance of regional pressure gradients in the left ventricle during diastole. Circulation 1988; 78:661-71. [PMID: 3409502 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.78.3.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of regional diastolic pressure differences within the left ventricle on the measured transmitral pressure-flow relation were determined by simultaneous micromanometric left atrial (LAP) and left ventricular pressure (LVP) measurements, and Doppler echocardiograms in 11 anesthetized, closed-chest dogs. Intraventricular pressure recordings at sites that were 2, 4, and 6 cm from the apex were obtained. Profound differences between these sites were noted in the transmitral pressure relation during early (preatrial) diastolic filling. In measurements from apex to base, minimum LVP increased (1.6 +/- 0.7 to 3.1 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, mean +/- SD); the time interval between the first crossover of transmitral pressures and minimum LVP increased (31 +/- 3 to 50 +/- 17 msec); the slope of the rapid-filling LVP wave decreased (74 +/- 13 to 26 +/- 5 mm Hg/sec); the maximum forward (i.e., LAP greater than LVP) transmitral pressure gradient decreased (3.6 +/- 1.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.7 mm Hg); the time interval between the first and second points of transmitral pressure crossover increased (71 +/- 9 to 96 +/- 13 msec); and the area of reversed (i.e., LVP greater than LAP) gradient between the second and third points of transmitral pressure crossover decreased (101 +/- 41 to 40 +/- 33 mm Hg.msec). During atrial contraction, significant regional ventricular apex-to-base gradients were also noted. The slope of the LV A wave decreased (26 +/- 10 to 16 +/- 4 mm Hg/sec); LV end-diastolic pressure decreased (8.1 +/- 2.0 to 7.4 +/- 2.0 mm Hg), and the upstroke of the LV A wave near the base was recorded earlier than near the apex. All differences were significant at the 0.05 level. Simultaneous transmitral Doppler velocity profiles and transmitral pressures were measured at the 4-cm intraventricular site. The average interval between the first and second points of pressure crossover and between the onset of early rapid filling and maximum E-wave velocity were statistically similar (81 +/- 13 vs. 85 +/- 12 msec; NS); and the average area of the forward transmitral pressure gradient associated with acceleration of early flow was significantly greater than the area of reversed gradient associated with deceleration of early flow (133 +/- 36 vs. 80 +/- 46 msec.mm Hg; p less than 0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- Washington University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Fantini E, Athias P, Courtois M, Grynberg A. A simple gas-flow chamber for cultured cell electrophysiology in a controlled atmosphere. Pflugers Arch 1987; 409:632-4. [PMID: 3627971 DOI: 10.1007/bf00584664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive device is described to control the gaseous environment while recording membrane potentials and contractile motion from single cultured cells. This equipment was used to study the electrophysiological and mechanical responses to hypoxia of cultured rat heart cells, but should also be suitable for a wide range of applications with several cell types.
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Abstract
Synopsis In the case of individuals with oily hair, the sebum excreted to the scalp surface spreads over the hair during the days following hair washing. The migration of sebum from the roots to the ends of hairs creates a gradient which may be measured by making casts on appropriate materials. An optical reading device enables the assessment of the alterations of the material brilliancy as a function of the sebum presence. The following parameters may be assessed from the recording: length of the cast, surface, height and width of the peak. Thus, different types of oily states may be identified according to: - the number of days after the last shampoo; - the characteristics of sebum (e.g. quantity, viscosity); - the features of hair. The casts reflect the oily state of hair as accurately as if it were assessed with a sensory method. Thus, this technique enables the study and comparison of oily states. It can be used to determine the efficacy of products having an effect on the re-oiling process of hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Courtois
- *L'Oreal, Laboratoires de Recherche Appliquée et Développement, 66 rue Henri Barbusse, 92110 Clichy
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Lamontagne Y, Bousquet P, Elie R, Courtois M. Psychological evaluation of acute low back pain in hospital workers. Can Fam Physician 1983; 29:1602-1604. [PMID: 21283394 PMCID: PMC2153869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Personality, anxiety and depression were assessed in 62 hospital workers divided in three experimental groups: those with acute organic low back pain, those with acute functional low back pain, and asymptomatic control subjects. Results showed no statistical differences between groups in the evaluation of personality. Asymptomatic subjects had significantly lower scores for trait anxiety and depression than did patients suffering from low back pain. Patients with pain of organic origin were also more depressed than were patients with pain of functional origin. Anxiety and depression are two psychological variables which must be examined in acute back pain problems. Further studies should be conducted to develop more accurate psychological instruments to evaluate the large population of patients suffering from low back pain.
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Courtois M. Impressions of a nurse working in oncology. Nurs Montreal 1982; 6:7-9. [PMID: 6917154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Amalric P, Dauban F, Courtois M, Broqua JP. [Clinical symptoms and angiography of retinal artery macro-aneurysms]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1979; 79:109-11. [PMID: 575626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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