1
|
Bitounis D, Jacquinet E, Rogers MA, Amiji MM. Strategies to reduce the risks of mRNA drug and vaccine toxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:281-300. [PMID: 38263456 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
mRNA formulated with lipid nanoparticles is a transformative technology that has enabled the rapid development and administration of billions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses worldwide. However, avoiding unacceptable toxicity with mRNA drugs and vaccines presents challenges. Lipid nanoparticle structural components, production methods, route of administration and proteins produced from complexed mRNAs all present toxicity concerns. Here, we discuss these concerns, specifically how cell tropism and tissue distribution of mRNA and lipid nanoparticles can lead to toxicity, and their possible reactogenicity. We focus on adverse events from mRNA applications for protein replacement and gene editing therapies as well as vaccines, tracing common biochemical and cellular pathways. The potential and limitations of existing models and tools used to screen for on-target efficacy and de-risk off-target toxicity, including in vivo and next-generation in vitro models, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogers MA, Bartoli-Leonard F, Zheng KH, Small AM, Chen HY, Clift CL, Asano T, Kuraoka S, Blaser MC, Perez KA, Natarajan P, Yeang C, Stroes ESG, Tsimikas S, Engert JC, Thanassoulis G, O’Donnell CJ, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 5 Inhibition Reduces Lipoprotein(a) Uptake and Calcification in Valvular Heart Disease. Circulation 2024; 149:391-401. [PMID: 37937463 PMCID: PMC10842618 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High circulating levels of Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) increase the risk of atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease, affecting millions of patients worldwide. Although atherosclerosis is commonly treated with low-density lipoprotein-targeting therapies, these do not reduce Lp(a) or risk of calcific aortic valve disease, which has no available drug therapies. Targeting Lp(a) production and catabolism may provide therapeutic benefit, but little is known about Lp(a) cellular uptake. METHODS Here, unbiased ligand-receptor capture mass spectrometry was used to identify MFSD5 (major facilitator superfamily domain containing 5) as a novel receptor/cofactor involved in Lp(a) uptake. RESULTS Reducing MFSD5 expression by a computationally identified small molecule or small interfering RNA suppressed Lp(a) uptake and calcification in primary human valvular endothelial and interstitial cells. MFSD5 variants were associated with aortic stenosis (P=0.027 after multiple hypothesis testing) with evidence suggestive of an interaction with plasma Lp(a) levels. CONCLUSIONS MFSD5 knockdown suppressing human valvular cell Lp(a) uptake and calcification, along with meta-analysis of MFSD5 variants associating with aortic stenosis, supports further preclinical assessment of MFSD5 in cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Bartoli-Leonard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang H. Zheng
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aeron M. Small
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra L. Clift
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takaharu Asano
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark C. Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katelyn A. Perez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Calvin Yeang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erik S. G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James C. Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai Y, Nasr P, King G, Reid JW, Leontowich AFG, Corradini MG, Weiss RG, Auzanneau FI, Rogers MA. Halogen- and hydrogen-bonded self-assembled fibrillar networks of substituted 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitols (DBS). Nanoscale 2023; 15:16933-16946. [PMID: 37850382 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Substituting the sole primary hydroxyl group of the low molecular weight organogelator (LMOG), 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS), with a halogen atom (Cl, Br, or I; i.e., 6-Cl-DBS, 6-Br-DBS, or 6-I-DBS) drastically alters the supramolecular self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN) that forms when the molecules aggregate. The SAFiN varies depending on the solvent properties, impacting the role of non-covalent hydrogen- and halogen-bonding interactions along and between fibers. The halogenated DBS derivatives have more coherent crystalline fibers than DBS, with larger length-to-width aspect ratios. High-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction of each wet-state gel in toluene and DFT optimization obtained complete structures for the three halogenated DBS derivatives in their SAFiNs. The presence of a halogen atom reduces the reliance on hydrogen bonding by enabling new halogen bonding interactions that impact the self-assembly behavior, especially in solvents of higher polarity. For 6-I-DBS and 6-Br-DBS, the primary forces driving molecular self-assembly are C-H⋯π and intermolecular halogen-to-halogen interactions, and there is one unique molecule in each unit cell. However, the Cl atoms of 6-Cl-DBS are not close, and its SAFiN structures rely more on hydrogen bonding. As a result, the enhanced hydrogen bonding, electronic differences among the halogens, and spatial factors allow its unit cell to include two independent molecules of 6-Cl-DBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Bai
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - P Nasr
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - G King
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 2V3
| | - J W Reid
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 2V3
| | | | - M G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - R G Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA, 20057-1227
| | - F-I Auzanneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - M A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sultani A, Ghazani SM, Marangoni AG, Joye IJ, Corradini MG, Rogers MA. Mixed cyclo di-amino acids structured edible oils: a potential hardstock fat mimic. Soft Matter 2023; 19:6871-6874. [PMID: 37682026 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Pure cyclic diamino acids (CdAA) gel differently than combinations of CdAAs, altering the gelation behavior to highly-branched colloidal protein crystal networks reminiscent of traditional fat crystal networks in canola oil, making it an exciting structuring agent for unsaturated oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sultani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
| | - S M Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
| | - A G Marangoni
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
| | - I J Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
| | - M G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
- Arrell Food Inistitute, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - M A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 51 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blaser MC, Buffolo F, Halu A, Turner ME, Schlotter F, Higashi H, Pantano L, Clift CL, Saddic LA, Atkins SK, Rogers MA, Pham T, Vromman A, Shvartz E, Sukhova GK, Monticone S, Camussi G, Robson SC, Body SC, Muehlschlegel JD, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Multiomics of Tissue Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Unique Modulators of Atherosclerosis and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. Circulation 2023; 148:661-678. [PMID: 37427430 PMCID: PMC10527599 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fewer than 50% of patients who develop aortic valve calcification have concomitant atherosclerosis, implying differential pathogenesis. Although circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases, tissue-entrapped EVs are associated with early mineralization, but their cargoes, functions, and contributions to disease remain unknown. METHODS Disease stage-specific proteomics was performed on human carotid endarterectomy specimens (n=16) and stenotic aortic valves (n=18). Tissue EVs were isolated from human carotid arteries (normal, n=6; diseased, n=4) and aortic valves (normal, n=6; diseased, n=4) by enzymatic digestion, (ultra)centrifugation, and a 15-fraction density gradient validated by proteomics, CD63-immunogold electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Vesiculomics, comprising vesicular proteomics and small RNA-sequencing, was conducted on tissue EVs. TargetScan identified microRNA targets. Pathway network analyses prioritized genes for validation in primary human carotid artery smooth muscle cells and aortic valvular interstitial cells. RESULTS Disease progression drove significant convergence (P<0.0001) of carotid artery plaque and calcified aortic valve proteomes (2318 proteins). Each tissue also retained a unique subset of differentially enriched proteins (381 in plaques; 226 in valves; q<0.05). Vesicular gene ontology terms increased 2.9-fold (P<0.0001) among proteins modulated by disease in both tissues. Proteomics identified 22 EV markers in tissue digest fractions. Networks of proteins and microRNA targets changed by disease progression in both artery and valve EVs revealed shared involvement in intracellular signaling and cell cycle regulation. Vesiculomics identified 773 proteins and 80 microRNAs differentially enriched by disease exclusively in artery or valve EVs (q<0.05); multiomics integration found tissue-specific EV cargoes associated with procalcific Notch and Wnt signaling in carotid arteries and aortic valves, respectively. Knockdown of tissue-specific EV-derived molecules FGFR2, PPP2CA, and ADAM17 in human carotid artery smooth muscle cells and WNT5A, APP, and APC in human aortic valvular interstitial cells significantly modulated calcification. CONCLUSIONS The first comparative proteomics study of human carotid artery plaques and calcified aortic valves identifies unique drivers of atherosclerosis versus aortic valve stenosis and implicates EVs in advanced cardiovascular calcification. We delineate a vesiculomics strategy to isolate, purify, and study protein and RNA cargoes from EVs entrapped in fibrocalcific tissues. Integration of vesicular proteomics and transcriptomics by network approaches revealed novel roles for tissue EVs in modulating cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mandy E. Turner
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Pantano
- T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Clift
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis A. Saddic
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha K. Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amélie Vromman
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugenia Shvartz
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Simon C. Body
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Center for Perioperative Genomics, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rogers MA, Tarantini G, Veulemans V. Editorial: Case reports in heart valve disease: 2022. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1260522. [PMID: 37600043 PMCID: PMC10434232 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1260522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Tarantini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Verena Veulemans
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iqbal F, Schlotter F, Becker-Greene D, Lupieri A, Goettsch C, Hutcheson JD, Rogers MA, Itoh S, Halu A, Lee LH, Blaser MC, Mlynarchik AK, Hagita S, Kuraoka S, Chen HY, Engert JC, Passos LSA, Jha PK, Osborn EA, Jaffer FA, Body SC, Robson SC, Thanassoulis G, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Sonawane AR, Aikawa E. Sortilin enhances fibrosis and calcification in aortic valve disease by inducing interstitial cell heterogeneity. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:885-898. [PMID: 36660854 PMCID: PMC9991042 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common valve disease, which consists of a chronic interplay of inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. In this study, sortilin (SORT1) was identified as a novel key player in the pathophysiology of CAVD, and its role in the transformation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into pathological phenotypes is explored. METHODS AND RESULTS An aortic valve (AV) wire injury (AVWI) mouse model with sortilin deficiency was used to determine the effects of sortilin on AV stenosis, fibrosis, and calcification. In vitro experiments employed human primary VICs cultured in osteogenic conditions for 7, 14, and 21 days; and processed for imaging, proteomics, and transcriptomics including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). The AVWI mouse model showed reduced AV fibrosis, calcification, and stenosis in sortilin-deficient mice vs. littermate controls. Protein studies identified the transition of human VICs into a myofibroblast-like phenotype mediated by sortilin. Sortilin loss-of-function decreased in vitro VIC calcification. ScRNA-seq identified 12 differentially expressed cell clusters in human VIC samples, where a novel combined inflammatory myofibroblastic-osteogenic VIC (IMO-VIC) phenotype was detected with increased expression of SORT1, COL1A1, WNT5A, IL-6, and serum amyloid A1. VICs sequenced with sortilin deficiency showed decreased IMO-VIC phenotype. CONCLUSION Sortilin promotes CAVD by mediating valvular fibrosis and calcification, and a newly identified phenotype (IMO-VIC). This is the first study to examine the role of sortilin in valvular calcification and it may render it a therapeutic target to inhibit IMO-VIC emergence by simultaneously reducing inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification, the three key pathological processes underlying CAVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farwah Iqbal
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dakota Becker-Greene
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shinsuke Itoh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew K Mlynarchik
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumihiko Hagita
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - James C Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Livia S A Passos
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prabhash K Jha
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Osborn
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhijeet R Sonawane
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Katsuki S, K. Jha P, Lupieri A, Nakano T, Passos LS, Rogers MA, Becker-Greene D, Le TD, Decano JL, Ho Lee L, Guimaraes GC, Abdelhamid I, Halu A, Muscoloni A, V. Cannistraci C, Higashi H, Zhang H, Vromman A, Libby P, Keith Ozaki C, Sharma A, Singh SA, Aikawa E, Aikawa M. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) Promotes Macrophage Activation via LDL Receptor-Independent Mechanisms. Circ Res 2022; 131:873-889. [PMID: 36263780 PMCID: PMC9973449 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Vein graft failure is a major clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels via LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. The role of PCSK9 in macrophage activation and vein graft failure is largely unknown, especially through LDLR-independent mechanisms. This study aimed to explore a novel mechanism of macrophage activation and vein graft disease induced by circulating PCSK9 in an LDLR-independent fashion. METHODS We used Ldlr-/- mice to examine the LDLR-independent roles of circulating PCSK9 in experimental vein grafts. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding a gain-of-function mutant of PCSK9 (rAAV8/D377Y-mPCSK9) induced hepatic PCSK9 overproduction. To explore novel inflammatory targets of PCSK9, we used systems biology in Ldlr-/- mouse macrophages. RESULTS In Ldlr-/- mice, AAV-PCSK9 increased circulating PCSK9, but did not change serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. AAV-PCSK9 promoted vein graft lesion development when compared with control AAV. In vivo molecular imaging revealed that AAV-PCSK9 increased macrophage accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase activity associated with decreased fibrillar collagen, a molecular determinant of atherosclerotic plaque stability. AAV-PCSK9 induced mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) in peritoneal macrophages underpinned by an in vitro analysis of Ldlr-/- mouse macrophages stimulated with endotoxin-free recombinant PCSK9. A combination of unbiased global transcriptomics and new network-based hyperedge entanglement prediction analysis identified the NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling molecules, lectin-like oxidized LOX-1 (LDL receptor-1), and SDC4 (syndecan-4) as potential PCSK9 targets mediating pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Circulating PCSK9 induces macrophage activation and vein graft lesion development via LDLR-independent mechanisms. PCSK9 may be a potential target for pharmacologic treatment for this unmet medical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Katsuki
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Prabhash K. Jha
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Livia S.A. Passos
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Dakota Becker-Greene
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Thanh-Dat Le
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Julius L. Decano
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Gabriel C. Guimaraes
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Ilyes Abdelhamid
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (I.A., A.H., A.S., M.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (I.A., A.H., A.S., M.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Muscoloni
- The Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Department of Physics, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany (A.M., C.V.C)
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence at the Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Bioengineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (A.M., C.V.C.)
| | - Carlo V. Cannistraci
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence at the Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Bioengineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (A.M., C.V.C.)
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Hengmin Zhang
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Amélie Vromman
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Peter Libby
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
| | - C. Keith Ozaki
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence at the Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Bioengineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (A.M., C.V.C.)
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (I.A., A.H., A.S., M.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Elena Aikawa
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division (S.K., P.K.J., A.L., T.N., L.S.A.P., D.B.-G., T.-D.L., G.C.G., A.V., P.L., E.A., M.A.)
- The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division (M.A.R., J.L.D., L.H.L., I.A., A.H., H.H., H.Z., A.S., S.A.S., E.A., M.A.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (I.A., A.H., A.S., M.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rogers MA, Atkins SK, Zheng KH, Singh SA, Chelvanambi S, Pham TH, Kuraoka S, Stroes ESG, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Lipoprotein(a) Induces Vesicular Cardiovascular Calcification Revealed With Single-Extracellular Vesicle Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:778919. [PMID: 35155626 PMCID: PMC8831739 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.778919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) blood levels >50 mg/dL is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor in humans. Lp(a) associates with increased cardiovascular calcification, a critical pathology with no clinically available drug therapies. The mechanisms through which Lp(a) increases cardiovascular calcification risk remain undefined. We hypothesized that Lp(a) promotes the release of calcifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contribute to formation of microcalcification in cardiovascular tissues. Here, we show Lp(a) increased calcification in both primary human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs), potentially through inflammation-related mechanisms that were suppressed with E06 antibody that neutralizes pro-inflammatory oxidized phospholipids. Incubating human SMCs and VICs with Lp(a) altered the composition of EVs, increasing CD29+/tetraspanin− microvesicle release, demonstrated with a tailored single-EV microarray assay that can distinguish multivesicular body-derived exosomes and plasma membrane budded microvesicles at a single-vesicle level. Lp(a) stimulation led to release of SMC and VIC EVs that readily calcified in acellular 3D-collagen hydrogels mimicking formation of ectopic microcalcification occurring in extracellular matrix of human atherosclerotic arteries and stenotic aortic valves. Our study mechanistically demonstrates that Lp(a) partially mediates cardiovascular calcification formation via inducing the release of calcifying EVs. Additionally, we provide a customized method to assess calcifying EVs at a single-vesicle level that can be more broadly applied to assist in quantitatively differentiating exosome and microvesicle EV subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Maximillian A. Rogers
| | - Samantha K. Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kang H. Zheng
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarvesh Chelvanambi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tan H. Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erik S. G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Elena Aikawa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rogers MA, Hutcheson JD, Okui T, Goettsch C, Singh SA, Halu A, Schlotter F, Higashi H, Wang L, Whelan MC, Mlynarchik AK, Daugherty A, Nomura M, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Dynamin-related protein 1 inhibition reduces hepatic PCSK9 secretion. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2340-2353. [PMID: 33523181 PMCID: PMC8479802 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Proteostasis maintains protein homeostasis and participates in regulating critical cardiometabolic disease risk factors including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remodeling through release and incorporation of trafficking vesicles mediates protein secretion and degradation. We hypothesized that ER remodeling that drives mitochondrial fission participates in cardiometabolic proteostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS We used in vitro and in vivo hepatocyte inhibition of a protein involved in mitochondrial fission, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Here, we show that DRP1 promotes remodeling of select ER microdomains by tethering vesicles at ER. A DRP1 inhibitor, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) reduced ER localization of a DRP1 receptor, mitochondrial fission factor, suppressing ER remodeling-driven mitochondrial fission, autophagy, and increased mitochondrial calcium buffering and PCSK9 proteasomal degradation. DRP1 inhibition by CRISPR/Cas9 deletion or mdivi-1 alone or in combination with statin incubation in human hepatocytes and hepatocyte-specific Drp1-deficiency in mice reduced PCSK9 secretion (-78.5%). In HepG2 cells, mdivi-1 increased low-density lipoprotein receptor via c-Jun transcription and reduced PCSK9 mRNA levels via suppressed sterol regulatory binding protein-1c. Additionally, mdivi-1 reduced macrophage burden, oxidative stress, and advanced calcified atherosclerotic plaque in aortic roots of diabetic Apoe-deficient mice and inflammatory cytokine production in human macrophages. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel tethering function of DRP1 beyond its established fission function, with DRP1-mediated ER remodeling likely contributing to ER constriction of mitochondria that drives mitochondrial fission. We report that DRP1-driven remodeling of select ER micro-domains may critically regulate hepatic proteostasis and identify mdivi-1 as a novel small molecule PCSK9 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takehito Okui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Mary C Whelan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew K Mlynarchik
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
West EAL, Xu AX, Bohrer BM, Corradini MG, Joye IJ, Wright AJ, Rogers MA. Sous Vide Cook Temperature Alters the Physical Structure and Lipid Bioaccessibility of Beef Longissimus Muscle in TIM-1. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8394-8402. [PMID: 34313430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the physical states, induced with different sous vide cooking temperatures, significantly (P < 0.05) altered lipid bioaccessibility measured in the TNO-simulated gastrointestinal tract model-1 of AAA boneless beef striploin, containing the longissimus lumborum muscle. The denaturation of actin significantly correlates with the total cumulative free fatty acid (FFA) bioaccessibility, whereby the striploin cooked to 60 °C presents the maximum lipid bioaccessibility (15.8 ± 1.0%), rate constant (ka) for FFA hydrolysis (0.087 ± 0.003 min-1), and greatest actin denaturation enthalpy (-0.57 ± 0.06 ΔH). Thus, thermal treatments above 60 °C significantly decrease the kinetics of lipolysis (70 °C = 0.042 ± 0.002 min-1 and 80 °C = 0.047 ± 0.002 min-1) and the resultant total lipid bioaccessibility (70 °C = 8.6 ± 0.7 and 80 °C = 8.3 ± 0.5%). This research highlights the potential to manipulate the physical food structure to alter digestion kinetics, supporting the need to understand supramolecular structures in food and their nutritional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A L West
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - A X Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - B M Bohrer
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201, United States
| | - M G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - I J Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - A J Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - M A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Okui T, Iwashita M, Rogers MA, Halu A, Atkins SK, Kuraoka S, Abdelhamid I, Higashi H, Ramsaroop A, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. CROT (Carnitine O-Octanoyltransferase) Is a Novel Contributing Factor in Vascular Calcification via Promoting Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:755-768. [PMID: 33356393 PMCID: PMC8105275 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a critical pathology associated with increased cardiovascular event risk, but there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved anticalcific therapies. We hypothesized and validated that an unbiased screening approach would identify novel mediators of human vascular calcification. Approach and Results: We performed an unbiased quantitative proteomics and pathway network analysis that identified increased CROT (carnitine O-octanoyltransferase) in calcifying primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Additionally, human carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques contained increased immunoreactive CROT near calcified regions. CROT siRNA reduced fibrocalcific response in calcifying SMCs. In agreement, histidine 327 to alanine point mutation inactivated human CROT fatty acid metabolism enzymatic activity and suppressed SMC calcification. CROT siRNA suppressed type 1 collagen secretion, and restored mitochondrial proteome alterations, and suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation in calcifying SMCs. Lipidomics analysis of SMCs incubated with CROT siRNA revealed increased eicosapentaenoic acid, a vascular calcification inhibitor. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Crot deficiency in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor-deficient mice reduced aortic and carotid artery calcification without altering bone density or liver and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS CROT is a novel contributing factor in vascular calcification via promoting fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, as such CROT inhibition has strong potential as an antifibrocalcific therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Carnitine Acyltransferases/genetics
- Carnitine Acyltransferases/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/enzymology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Okui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Masaya Iwashita
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samantha K. Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ilyes Abdelhamid
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ashisha Ramsaroop
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schlotter F, de Freitas RCC, Rogers MA, Blaser MC, Wu PJ, Higashi H, Halu A, Iqbal F, Andraski AB, Rodia CN, Kuraoka S, Wen JR, Creager M, Pham T, Hutcheson JD, Body SC, Kohan AB, Sacks FM, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. ApoC-III is a novel inducer of calcification in human aortic valves. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100193. [PMID: 33334888 PMCID: PMC7948477 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) occurs when subpopulations of valve cells undergo specific differentiation pathways, promoting tissue fibrosis and calcification. Lipoprotein particles carry oxidized lipids that promote valvular disease, but low-density lipoprotein-lowering therapies have failed in clinical trials, and there are currently no pharmacological interventions available for this disease. Apolipoproteins are known promoters of atherosclerosis, but whether they possess pathogenic properties in CAVD is less clear. To search for a possible link, we assessed 12 apolipoproteins in nonfibrotic/noncalcific and fibrotic/calcific aortic valve tissues by proteomics and immunohistochemistry to understand if they were enriched in calcified areas. Eight apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoB, apoC-III, apoD, apoL-I, and apoM) were enriched in the calcific versus nonfibrotic/noncalcific tissues. Apo(a), apoB, apoC-III, apoE, and apoJ localized within the disease-prone fibrosa and colocalized with calcific regions as detected by immunohistochemistry. Circulating apoC-III on lipoprotein(a) is a potential biomarker of aortic stenosis incidence and progression, but whether apoC-III also induces aortic valve calcification is unknown. We found that apoC-III was increased in fibrotic and calcific tissues and observed within the calcification-prone fibrosa layer as well as around calcification. In addition, we showed that apoC-III induced calcification in primary human valvular cell cultures via a mitochondrial dysfunction/inflammation-mediated pathway. This study provides a first assessment of a broad array of apolipoproteins in CAVD tissues, demonstrates that specific apolipoproteins associate with valvular calcification, and implicates apoC-III as an active and modifiable driver of CAVD beyond its potential role as a biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schlotter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renata C C de Freitas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pin-Jou Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farwah Iqbal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison B Andraski
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cayla N Rodia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Creager
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tan Pham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alison B Kohan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rogers MA, Buffolo F, Schlotter F, Atkins SK, Lee LH, Halu A, Blaser MC, Tsolaki E, Higashi H, Luther K, Daaboul G, Bouten CVC, Body SC, Singh SA, Bertazzo S, Libby P, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Annexin A1-dependent tethering promotes extracellular vesicle aggregation revealed with single-extracellular vesicle analysis. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb1244. [PMID: 32938681 PMCID: PMC7494353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including plasma membrane-derived microvesicles and endosomal-derived exosomes aggregate by unknown mechanisms, forming microcalcifications that promote cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Here, we show a framework for assessing cell-independent EV mechanisms in disease by suggesting that annexin A1 (ANXA1)-dependent tethering induces EV aggregation and microcalcification. We present single-EV microarray, a method to distinguish microvesicles from exosomes and assess heterogeneity at a single-EV level. Single-EV microarray and proteomics revealed increased ANXA1 primarily on aggregating and calcifying microvesicles. ANXA1 vesicle aggregation was suppressed by calcium chelation, altering pH, or ANXA1 neutralizing antibody. ANXA1 knockdown attenuated EV aggregation and microcalcification formation in human cardiovascular cells and acellular three-dimensional collagen hydrogels. Our findings explain why microcalcifications are more prone to form in vulnerable regions of plaque, regulating critical cardiovascular pathology, and likely extend to other EV-associated diseases, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha K Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lang H Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612, Netherlands
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng KH, Tsimikas S, Pawade T, Kroon J, Jenkins WSA, Doris MK, White AC, Timmers NKLM, Hjortnaes J, Rogers MA, Aikawa E, Arsenault BJ, Witztum JL, Newby DE, Koschinsky ML, Fayad ZA, Stroes ESG, Boekholdt SM, Dweck MR. Lipoprotein(a) and Oxidized Phospholipids Promote Valve Calcification in Patients With Aortic Stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:2150-2162. [PMID: 31047003 PMCID: PMC6494952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], a major carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), is associated with an increased incidence of aortic stenosis (AS). However, it remains unclear whether elevated Lp(a) and OxPL drive disease progression and are therefore targets for therapeutic intervention. Objectives This study investigated whether Lp(a) and OxPL on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL-apoB) levels are associated with disease activity, disease progression, and clinical events in AS patients, along with the mechanisms underlying any associations. Methods This study combined 2 prospective cohorts and measured Lp(a) and OxPL-apoB levels in patients with AS (Vmax >2.0 m/s), who underwent baseline 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET), repeat computed tomography calcium scoring, and repeat echocardiography. In vitro studies investigated the effects of Lp(a) and OxPL on valvular interstitial cells. Results Overall, 145 patients were studied (68% men; age 70.3 ± 9.9 years). On baseline positron emission tomography, patients in the top Lp(a) tertile had increased valve calcification activity compared with those in lower tertiles (n = 79; 18F-NaF tissue-to-background ratio of the most diseased segment: 2.16 vs. 1.97; p = 0.043). During follow-up, patients in the top Lp(a) tertile had increased progression of valvular computed tomography calcium score (n = 51; 309 AU/year [interquartile range: 142 to 483 AU/year] vs. 93 AU/year [interquartile range: 56 to 296 AU/year; p = 0.015), faster hemodynamic progression on echocardiography (n = 129; 0.23 ± 0.20 m/s/year vs. 0.14 ± 0.20 m/s/year] p = 0.019), and increased risk for aortic valve replacement and death (n = 145; hazard ratio: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.13 to 3.08; p = 0.014), compared with lower tertiles. Similar results were noted with OxPL-apoB. In vitro, Lp(a) induced osteogenic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells, mediated by OxPL and inhibited with the E06 monoclonal antibody against OxPL. Conclusions In patients with AS, Lp(a) and OxPL drive valve calcification and disease progression. These findings suggest lowering Lp(a) or inactivating OxPL may slow AS progression and provide a rationale for clinical trials to test this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang H Zheng
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. https://twitter.com/Zheng_KH
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tania Pawade
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William S A Jenkins
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mhairi K Doris
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey C White
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nyanza K L M Timmers
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marlys L Koschinsky
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rogers MA, Chen J, Nallamshetty S, Pham T, Goto S, Muehlschlegel JD, Libby P, Aikawa M, Aikawa E, Plutzky J. Retinoids Repress Human Cardiovascular Cell Calcification With Evidence for Distinct Selective Retinoid Modulator Effects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:656-669. [PMID: 31852220 PMCID: PMC7047603 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid (RA) is a ligand for nuclear receptors that modulate gene transcription and cell differentiation. Whether RA controls ectopic calcification in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that RA regulates osteogenic differentiation of human arterial smooth muscle cells and aortic valvular interstitial cells that participate in atherosclerosis and heart valve disease, respectively. Approach and Results: Human cardiovascular tissue contains immunoreactive RAR (RA receptor)-a retinoid-activated nuclear receptor directing multiple transcriptional programs. RA stimulation suppressed primary human cardiovascular cell calcification while treatment with the RAR inhibitor AGN 193109 or RARα siRNA increased calcification. RA attenuated calcification in a coordinated manner, increasing levels of the calcification inhibitor MGP (matrix Gla protein) while decreasing calcification-promoting TNAP (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) activity. Given that nuclear receptor action varies as a function of distinct ligand structures, we compared calcification responses to cyclic retinoids and the acyclic retinoid peretinoin. Peretinoin suppressed human cardiovascular cell calcification without inducing either secretion of APOC3 (apolipoprotein-CIII), which promotes atherogenesis, or reducing CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1) expression, which occurred with cyclic retinoids all-trans RA, 9-cis RA, and 13-cis RA. Additionally, peretinoin did not suppress human femur osteoblast mineralization, whereas all-trans RA inhibited osteoblast mineralization. CONCLUSIONS These results establish retinoid regulation of human cardiovascular calcification, provide new insight into mechanisms involved in these responses, and suggest selective retinoid modulators, like acyclic retinoids may allow for treating cardiovascular calcification without the adverse effects associated with cyclic retinoids.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Aortic Valve/drug effects
- Aortic Valve/metabolism
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Apolipoprotein C-III/genetics
- Apolipoprotein C-III/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Heart Valve Diseases/genetics
- Heart Valve Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Valve Diseases/pathology
- Heart Valve Diseases/prevention & control
- Humans
- Isotretinoin/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoids/pharmacology
- Retinoids/toxicity
- Signal Transduction
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Matrix Gla Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jiaohua Chen
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Shriram Nallamshetty
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Shinji Goto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United Statess .,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a health disorder with increasing prevalence and high morbidity and mortality. The only available therapeutic options for calcific vascular and valvular heart disease are invasive transcatheter procedures or surgeries that do not fully address the wide spectrum of these conditions; therefore, an urgent need exists for medical options. Cardiovascular calcification is an active process, which provides a potential opportunity for effective therapeutic targeting. Numerous biological processes are involved in calcific disease, including matrix remodelling, transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium and phosphate signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid and mineral metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, apoptosis, loss of mineralization inhibition, impaired mineral resorption, cellular senescence and extracellular vesicles that act as precursors of microcalcification. Advances in molecular imaging and big data technology, including in multiomics and network medicine, and the integration of these approaches are helping to provide a more comprehensive map of human disease. In this Review, we discuss ectopic calcification processes in the cardiovascular system, with an emphasis on emerging mechanistic knowledge obtained through patient data and advances in imaging methods, experimental models and multiomics-generated big data. We also highlight the potential and challenges of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning to integrate imaging and mechanistic data for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow, Russia (E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schlotter F, Halu A, Goto S, Blaser MC, Body SC, Lee LH, Higashi H, DeLaughter DM, Hutcheson JD, Vyas P, Pham T, Rogers MA, Sharma A, Seidman CE, Loscalzo J, Seidman JG, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. Spatiotemporal Multi-Omics Mapping Generates a Molecular Atlas of the Aortic Valve and Reveals Networks Driving Disease. Circulation 2019; 138:377-393. [PMID: 29588317 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No pharmacological therapy exists for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), which confers a dismal prognosis without invasive valve replacement. The search for therapeutics and early diagnostics is challenging because CAVD presents in multiple pathological stages. Moreover, it occurs in the context of a complex, multi-layered tissue architecture; a rich and abundant extracellular matrix phenotype; and a unique, highly plastic, and multipotent resident cell population. METHODS A total of 25 human stenotic aortic valves obtained from valve replacement surgeries were analyzed by multiple modalities, including transcriptomics and global unlabeled and label-based tandem-mass-tagged proteomics. Segmentation of valves into disease stage-specific samples was guided by near-infrared molecular imaging, and anatomic layer-specificity was facilitated by laser capture microdissection. Side-specific cell cultures were subjected to multiple calcifying stimuli, and their calcification potential and basal/stimulated proteomes were evaluated. Molecular (protein-protein) interaction networks were built, and their central proteins and disease associations were identified. RESULTS Global transcriptional and protein expression signatures differed between the nondiseased, fibrotic, and calcific stages of CAVD. Anatomic aortic valve microlayers exhibited unique proteome profiles that were maintained throughout disease progression and identified glial fibrillary acidic protein as a specific marker of valvular interstitial cells from the spongiosa layer. CAVD disease progression was marked by an emergence of smooth muscle cell activation, inflammation, and calcification-related pathways. Proteins overrepresented in the disease-prone fibrosa are functionally annotated to fibrosis and calcification pathways, and we found that in vitro, fibrosa-derived valvular interstitial cells demonstrated greater calcification potential than those from the ventricularis. These studies confirmed that the microlayer-specific proteome was preserved in cultured valvular interstitial cells, and that valvular interstitial cells exposed to alkaline phosphatase-dependent and alkaline phosphatase-independent calcifying stimuli had distinct proteome profiles, both of which overlapped with that of the whole tissue. Analysis of protein-protein interaction networks found a significant closeness to multiple inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. CONCLUSIONS A spatially and temporally resolved multi-omics, and network and systems biology strategy identifies the first molecular regulatory networks in CAVD, a cardiac condition without a pharmacological cure, and describes a novel means of systematic disease ontology that is broadly applicable to comprehensive omics studies of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.).,Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.H., A.S., M.A.)
| | - Shinji Goto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Simon C Body
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Center for Perioperative Genomics and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (S.C.B.)
| | - Lang H Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Daniel M DeLaughter
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M.D., C.E.S., J.G.S.)
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami (J.D.H.)
| | - Payal Vyas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.H., A.S., M.A.)
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M.D., C.E.S., J.G.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S., J.L.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (C.E.S.)
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (C.E.S., J.L.)
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M.D., C.E.S., J.G.S.)
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.).,Channing Division of Network Medicine (A.H., A.S., M.A.).,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.A., E.A.)
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.)
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.S., A.H., S.G., M.C.B., L.H.L., H.H., J.D.H., P.V., T.P., M.A.R., M.A., S.A.S., E.A.).,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.A., E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- From the Centers for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (MA.R., M.A., E.A.) and Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- From the Centers for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (MA.R., M.A., E.A.) and Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From the Centers for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (MA.R., M.A., E.A.) and Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Goto S, Rogers MA, Blaser MC, Higashi H, Lee LH, Schlotter F, Body SC, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. Standardization of Human Calcific Aortic Valve Disease in vitro Modeling Reveals Passage-Dependent Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:49. [PMID: 31041314 PMCID: PMC6476921 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs) isolated from patients undergoing valve replacement are commonly used as in vitro models of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Standardization of VIC calcification, however, has not been implemented, which impairs comparison of results from different studies. We hypothesized that different culture methods impact the calcification phenotype of human VICs. We sought to identify the key parameters impacting calcification in primary human VICs to standardize CAVD in vitro research. Here we report that in calcification media containing organic phosphate, termed osteogenic media (OM), primary human VICs exhibited a passage-dependent decrease in calcification potential, which was not observed in calcification media containing inorganic phosphate, termed pro-calcifying media (PM). We used Alizarin red staining to compare the calcification potential of VICs cultured in OM and PM between the first and fourth passages after cell isolation from human CAVD tissues. Human VICs showed consistent Alizarin red stain when cultured with PM in a passage-independent manner. VICs cultured in OM did not exhibit consistent calcification potential between donors in early passages and consistently lacked positive Alizarin red stain in late passages. We performed whole cell, cytoplasmic and nuclear fractionation proteomics to identify factors regulating VIC passage-dependent calcification in OM. Proteomics cluster analysis identified tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) as a regulator of passage-dependent calcification in OM. We verified an association of TNAP activity with calcification potential in VICs cultured in OM, but not in PM in which VICs calcified independent of TNAP activity. This study demonstrates that media culture conditions and cell passage impact the calcification potential of primary human VICs and should be taken into consideration in cell culture models of CAVD. Our results help standardize CAVD modeling as part of a greater effort to identify disease driving mechanisms and therapeutics for this unmet medical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Goto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark C. Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lang H. Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon C. Body
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Joye IJ, Corradini MG, Duizer LM, Bohrer BM, LaPointe G, Farber JM, Spagnuolo PA, Rogers MA. A comprehensive perspective of food nanomaterials. Adv Food Nutr Res 2019; 88:1-45. [PMID: 31151722 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing toolbox that provides solutions to numerous challenges in the food industry and meet public demands for healthier and safer food products. The diversity of nanostructures and their vast, tunable functionality drives their inclusion in food products and packaging materials to improve their nutritional quality through bioactive fortification and probiotics encapsulation, enhance their safety due to their antimicrobial and sensing capabilities and confer novel sensorial properties. In this food nanotechnology state-of-the-art communication, matrix materials with particular focus on food-grade components, existing and novel production techniques, and current and potential applications in the fields of food quality, safety and preservation, nutrient bioaccessibility and digestibility will be detailed. Additionally, a thorough analysis of potential strategies to assess the safety of these novel nanostructures is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I J Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M G Corradini
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L M Duizer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - B M Bohrer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - G LaPointe
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J M Farber
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P A Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schlotter F, Goettsch C, Rogers MA, Hutcheson JD, Blaser MC, Goto S, Lee LH, Delaughter DM, Merryman WD, Seidman JG, Jaffer FA, Body SC, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. P5090Sortilin is a key driver of fibrocalcific aortic valve disease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Schlotter
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - C Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - M A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - J D Hutcheson
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Miami, United States of America
| | - M C Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - S Goto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - L H Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - D M Delaughter
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, United States of America
| | - W D Merryman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, United States of America
| | - J G Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, United States of America
| | - F A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - S C Body
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - S A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng KH, Pawade TA, Kroon J, Hjortnaes J, Jenkins WS, Arsenault BJ, Rogers MA, Aikawa E, Newby DE, Stroes ES, Tsimikas S, Boekholdt SM, Dweck MR. P5457Lipoprotein(a) is associated with increased calcification and disease progression in aortic stenosis patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K H Zheng
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T A Pawade
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Kroon
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Hjortnaes
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W S Jenkins
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - B J Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - M A Rogers
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Aikawa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Boston, United States of America
| | - D E Newby
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - E S Stroes
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Tsimikas
- University of California San Diego, Cardiovascular Diseases, San Diego, United States of America
| | - S M Boekholdt
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Cardiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M R Dweck
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rogers MA, Hutcheson JD, Goettsch C, Halu A, Singh S, Higashi H, Lee LH, Wang L, Schlotter F, Morgan S, Okui T, Yamazaki Y, Daugherty A, Nomura M, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Abstract 175: Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Regulates Proteostasis and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Secretion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Dysfunctional protein homeostasis (proteostasis) contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. We and others associated the mitochondrial fission protein, Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) with cardiometabolic disease. Liver DRP1-deficiency reduces serum lipids and very-low density lipoprotein secretion in high-fat fed mice; whether DRP1 mediates these effects via proteostasis regulation is unknown.
Approach and Results:
Using mass spectrometry integrated with network analysis to map the human liver secretome, we found DRP1 associated with cardiovascular disease modules and lipid pathways. Electron microscopy revealed human liver DRP1 at mitochondria, cytosol, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and clustered at membrane tethered to ER exit sites. DRP1 small molecule inhibition (Mdivi-1) or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated
DRP1
deletion in human liver cells, and
Drp1
-liver deficiency in mice reduced autophagic flux without impairing the amino acid metabolome, or activating the autophagy inhibitor, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. DRP1 partially co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with the ER trafficking and autophagy regulator, Syntaxin 17, in human liver tissue and cells. DRP1 inhibition reduced Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) secretion in human liver cells and mice (-78.5%), and altered trafficking of the PCSK9-binding and ER maintenance chaperone, Glucose-regulated protein 94. Co-treating human liver cells with Mdivi-1 and proteasome inhibitor (MG132), non-transcriptionally increased intracellular PCSK9, while maintaining Mdivi-1-mediated reduced PCSK9 secretion.
Conclusions:
We propose a novel function of DRP1 in the regulation of proteostasis, wherein DRP1 may cluster, then tether and/or constrict nascent autophagy-associated membrane at the ER via its interaction with Syntaxin 17. DRP1 inhibition likely reduces lipoprotein and PCSK9 secretion in part by impairing autophagic flux leading to compensatory chaperone-mediated proteasomal degradation for ER maintenance. Proteostasis regulation and the cellular function of DRP1 is more complex than previously thought, potentially providing new avenues to therapeutically target cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arda Halu
- Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Sasha Singh
- Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | | | - Lang H Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Takehito Okui
- Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Rsch Cntr, Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | | | - Elena Aikawa
- Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schlotter F, Halu A, Goto S, Blaser MC, Body SC, Lee LH, Higashi H, DeLaughter DM, Hutcheson JD, Vyas P, Pham TH, Rogers MA, Sharma A, Seidman CE, Loscalzo J, Seidman JG, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. Abstract 228: Multi-omics Mapping Generates a Molecular Atlas of the Aortic Valve and Reveals Networks Driving Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
No pharmacological therapy exists for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), which confers a dismal prognosis without valve replacement. The search for therapeutics and early diagnostics is challenging since CAVD presents in multiple pathological stages.
Methods:
A total of 25 human stenotic aortic valves obtained from valve replacement surgery were analyzed by multiple modalities, including transcriptomics and global unlabeled and tandem-mass-tagged proteomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results:
Global transcriptional and protein expression signatures differed between the non-diseased, fibrotic, and calcific stages of CAVD, with consistent trends in gene and protein expression across disease stages. Anatomical aortic valve microlayers exhibited unique proteome profiles that were maintained throughout disease progression, and revealed GFAP as a specific marker of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) from the spongiosa layer. CAVD disease progression was marked by an emergence of smooth muscle cell activation, inflammation, and calcification-related pathways. Proteins overrepresented in the disease-prone fibrosa are functionally annotated to fibrosis and calcification pathways, and we found that,
in vitro
, fibrosa-derived VICs demonstrated greater calcification potential than those from the ventricularis. These studies confirmed that the microlayer-specific proteome was preserved in cultured VICs, and that VICs exposed to TNAP-dependent and TNAP-independent calcifying stimuli had distinct proteome profiles, both of which overlapped with that of the whole tissue. Network analysis of protein-protein interaction networks found a significant closeness to multiple inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.
Conclusions:
A spatially- and temporally-resolved multi-omics and systems biology strategy identifies the first molecular regulatory networks in CAVD, a cardiac condition without a pharmacological cure, and describes a strategy for endophenotype characterization that is broadly applicable to comprehensive omics studies of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schlotter
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Arda Halu
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Shinji Goto
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Simon C Body
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Lang H Lee
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Payal Vyas
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Tan H Pham
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Div of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Masanori Aikawa
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cntr for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Cholesterol is a vital lipid molecule for mammalian cells, regulating fluidity of biological membranes, and serving as an essential constituent of lipid rafts. Mammalian cells acquire cholesterol from extracellular lipoproteins and from de novo synthesis. Cholesterol biosynthesis generates various precursor sterols. Cholesterol undergoes metabolic conversion into oxygenated sterols (oxysterols), bile acids, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol intermediates and metabolites have diverse and important cellular functions. A network of molecular machineries including transcription factors, protein modifiers, sterol transporters/carriers, and sterol sensors regulate sterol homeostasis in mammalian cells and tissues. Dysfunction in metabolism and transport of cholesterol, sterol intermediates, and oxysterols occurs in various pathophysiological settings such as atherosclerosis, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the cholesterol, intermediate sterol, and oxysterol regulatory mechanisms and intracellular transport machineries, and discuss the roles of sterols and sterol metabolism in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamauchi
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshio Yamauchi
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jensen DA, Rogers MA, Schaffner DW. Surfactant concentration and type affects the removal of Escherichia coli from pig skin during a simulated hand wash. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:292-297. [PMID: 28727890 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of surfactant type and concentration on a bland soap formulation's ability to remove bacteria from hands remains largely unstudied. Several combinations of surfactants and water were combined to test bacterial removal efficacy using a hand-washing device (two pieces of pig skin and a mechanical motor) to simulate a hand wash. A nalidixic acid-resistant, nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) was used. Two anionic surfactants, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium stearoyl lactylate, and two nonionic surfactants, poloxamer 407 and sorbitan monostearate, each in concentrations of 2, 5 and 10% were studied. A slight positive (r2 = 0·17) but significant (P = 0·03) correlation was observed between hydrophile-lipophile balance value and mean log reduction. No correlation was observed between pH of the treatment solution and the mean log reduction (r2 = 0·05, P = 0·25). A 10% sodium lauryl sulphate mixture showed the highest log reduction (x¯ = 1·1 log CFU reduction, SD = 0·54), and was the only treatment significantly different from washing with water (P = 0·0005). There was a correlation between increasing surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration, and mean microbial reduction (r2 = 0·62, P = 0·001). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study characterizes the role of surfactants in removing microbes during a hand wash. Numerous studies address how surfactants support antimicrobial effect in soap, or cause irritation of skin, but no published studies show which surfactants are best for removing microbes. We used pig skin as a model for human skin and a lathering device to simulate a hand wash. A 10% sodium lauryl sulphate mixture was the only treatment significantly different from a water wash. There was a strong correlation between increasing surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration and mean microbial reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Jensen
- Food Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M A Rogers
- Food Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - D W Schaffner
- Food Science Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rogers MA, Maldonado N, Hutcheson JD, Goettsch C, Goto S, Yamada I, Faits T, Sesaki H, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Inhibition Attenuates Cardiovascular Calcification in the Presence of Oxidative Stress. Circ Res 2017; 121:220-233. [PMID: 28607103 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial changes occur during cell differentiation and cardiovascular disease. DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission. We hypothesized that DRP1 plays a role in cardiovascular calcification, a process involving cell differentiation and a major clinical problem with high unmet needs. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of osteogenic promoting conditions on DRP1 and whether DRP1 inhibition alters the development of cardiovascular calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS DRP1 was enriched in calcified regions of human carotid arteries, examined by immunohistochemistry. Osteogenic differentiation of primary human vascular smooth muscle cells increased DRP1 expression. DRP1 inhibition in human smooth muscle cells undergoing osteogenic differentiation attenuated matrix mineralization, cytoskeletal rearrangement, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced type 1 collagen secretion and alkaline phosphatase activity. DRP1 protein was observed in calcified human aortic valves, and DRP1 RNA interference reduced primary human valve interstitial cell calcification. Mice heterozygous for Drp1 deletion did not exhibit altered vascular pathology in a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 gain-of-function atherosclerosis model. However, when mineralization was induced via oxidative stress, DRP1 inhibition attenuated mouse and human smooth muscle cell calcification. Femur bone density was unchanged in mice heterozygous for Drp1 deletion, and DRP1 inhibition attenuated oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction in human bone osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a new function of DRP1 in regulating collagen secretion and cardiovascular calcification, a novel area of exploration for the potential development of new therapies to modify cellular fibrocalcific response in cardiovascular diseases. Our data also support a role of mitochondrial dynamics in regulating oxidative stress-mediated arterial calcium accrual and bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Natalia Maldonado
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Shinji Goto
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Iwao Yamada
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Tyler Faits
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.)
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., N.M., J.D.H., C.G., S.G., I.Y., T.F., M.A., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (M.A., E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (H.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh A, Auzanneau FI, Rogers MA. Advances in edible oleogel technologies - A decade in review. Food Res Int 2017; 97:307-317. [PMID: 28578056 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trans and saturated fat replacers/substitutes have been a tremendously active area of research for the food industry. Unlike polymers used for hydrogels, oleogels utilize small, amphiphilic molecules that self-assemble via highly specific, non-covalent interactions entrapping liquid oil via capillary forces. Edible applications of oleogels have replaced the need for trans unsaturated and saturated fatty acids to structure processed foods. These innovations mitigate the use of hardstock fats that are associated with deleterious health risks and negative consumer perception. Over the past decade, oleogels have made significant strides towards emulating desired sensory traits while maintaining healthy nutritional profile of the oil. Due to the rapid advancements in the past decade, the most promising technologies will be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - F-I Auzanneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - M A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goettsch C, Hutcheson JD, Hagita S, Rogers MA, Creager MD, Pham T, Choi J, Mlynarchik AK, Pieper B, Kjolby M, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. A single injection of gain-of-function mutant PCSK9 adeno-associated virus vector induces cardiovascular calcification in mice with no genetic modification. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:109-118. [PMID: 27318830 PMCID: PMC4983246 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studying atherosclerotic calcification in vivo requires mouse models with genetic modifications. Previous studies showed that injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) encoding a gain-of-function mutant PCSK9 into mice promotes atherosclerosis. We aimed to study cardiovascular calcification induced by PCSK9 AAV in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS 10 week-old C57BL/6J mice received a single injection of AAV encoding mutant mPCSK9 (rAAV8/D377Y-mPCSK9). Ldlr(-/-) mice served as positive controls. Mice consumed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 15 or 20 weeks. Aortic calcification was assessed by fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) of a near-infrared calcium tracer. RESULTS Serum levels of PCSK9 (0.14 μg/mL to 20 μg/mL, p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (82 mg/dL to 820 mg/dL, p < 0.01) increased within one week after injection and remained elevated for 20 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesion size was similar between PCSK9 AAV and Ldlr(-/-) mice. Aortic calcification was 0.01% ± 0.01 in PCSK9 AAV mice and 15.3% ± 6.1 in Ldlr(-/-) mice at 15 weeks (p < 0.01); by 20 weeks, the PCSK9 AAV mice aortic calcification grew to 12.4% ± 4.9. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity was similar in PCSK9 AAV mice and Ldlr(-/-) mice at 15 and 20 weeks, respectively. As example of the utility of this model in testing modulators of calcification in vivo, PCSK9 AAV injection to sortilin-deficient mice demonstrated reduced aortic calcification by 46.3% (p < 0.05) compared to littermate controls. CONCLUSIONS A single injection of gain-of-function PCSK9 AAV into C57BL/6J mice is a useful tool to study cardiovascular calcification in mice with no genetic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sumihiko Hagita
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael D Creager
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jung Choi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew K Mlynarchik
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brett Pieper
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mads Kjolby
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Diabetes Academy, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Denmark
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang LH, Melton EM, Li H, Sohn P, Rogers MA, Mulligan-Kehoe MJ, Fiering SN, Hickey WF, Chang CCY, Chang TY. Myeloid Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 1 Deficiency Reduces Lesion Macrophage Content and Suppresses Atherosclerosis Progression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6232-44. [PMID: 26801614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.713818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (Acat1) converts cellular cholesterol to cholesteryl esters and is considered a drug target for treating atherosclerosis. However, in mouse models for atherosclerosis, global Acat1 knockout (Acat1(-/-)) did not prevent lesion development. Acat1(-/-) increased apoptosis within lesions and led to several additional undesirable phenotypes, including hair loss, dry eye, leukocytosis, xanthomatosis, and a reduced life span. To determine the roles of Acat1 in monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerosis, we produced a myeloid-specific Acat1 knockout (Acat1(-M/-M)) mouse and showed that, in the Apoe knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mouse model for atherosclerosis, Acat1(-M/-M) decreased the plaque area and reduced lesion size without causing leukocytosis, dry eye, hair loss, or a reduced life span. Acat1(-M/-M) enhanced xanthomatosis in apoe(-/-) mice, a skin disease that is not associated with diet-induced atherosclerosis in humans. Analyses of atherosclerotic lesions showed that Acat1(-M/-M) reduced macrophage numbers and diminished the cholesterol and cholesteryl ester load without causing detectable apoptotic cell death. Leukocyte migration analysis in vivo showed that Acat1(-M/-M) caused much fewer leukocytes to appear at the activated endothelium. Studies in inflammatory (Ly6C(hi)-positive) monocytes and in cultured macrophages showed that inhibiting ACAT1 by gene knockout or by pharmacological inhibition caused a significant decrease in integrin β 1 (CD29) expression in activated monocytes/macrophages. The sparse presence of lesion macrophages without Acat1 can therefore, in part, be attributed to decreased interaction between inflammatory monocytes/macrophages lacking Acat1 and the activated endothelium. We conclude that targeting ACAT1 in a myeloid cell lineage suppresses atherosclerosis progression while avoiding many of the undesirable side effects caused by global Acat1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Huang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Elaina M Melton
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Haibo Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Paul Sohn
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | | | | | - William F Hickey
- Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hutcheson JD, Goettsch C, Rogers MA, Aikawa E. Revisiting cardiovascular calcification: A multifaceted disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:68-77. [PMID: 26358815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cardiovascular calcification significantly predicts patients' morbidity and mortality. Calcific mineral deposition within the soft cardiovascular tissues disrupts the normal biomechanical function of these tissues, leading to complications such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The realization that calcification results from active cellular processes offers hope that therapeutic intervention may prevent or reverse the disease. To this point, however, no clinically viable therapies have emerged. This may be due to the lack of certainty that remains in the mechanisms by which mineral is deposited in cardiovascular tissues. Gaining new insight into this process requires a multidisciplinary approach. The pathological changes in cell phenotype that lead to the physicochemical deposition of mineral and the resultant effects on tissue biomechanics must all be considered when designing strategies to treat cardiovascular calcification. In this review, we overview the current cardiovascular calcification paradigm and discuss emerging techniques that are providing new insight into the mechanisms of ectopic calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- From Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., E.A.) and Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yamauchi Y, Iwamoto N, Rogers MA, Abe-Dohmae S, Fujimoto T, Chang CCY, Ishigami M, Kishimoto T, Kobayashi T, Ueda K, Furukawa K, Chang TY, Yokoyama S. Deficiency in the Lipid Exporter ABCA1 Impairs Retrograde Sterol Movement and Disrupts Sterol Sensing at the Endoplasmic Reticulum. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26198636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cholesterol homeostasis involves sterol sensing at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and sterol export from the plasma membrane (PM). Sterol sensing at the ER requires efficient sterol delivery from the PM; however, the macromolecules that facilitate retrograde sterol transport at the PM have not been identified. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates cholesterol and phospholipid export to apolipoprotein A-I for the assembly of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Mutations in ABCA1 cause Tangier disease, a familial HDL deficiency. Several lines of clinical and experimental evidence suggest a second function of ABCA1 in cellular cholesterol homeostasis in addition to mediating cholesterol efflux. Here, we report the unexpected finding that ABCA1 also plays a key role in facilitating retrograde sterol transport from the PM to the ER for sterol sensing. Deficiency in ABCA1 delays sterol esterification at the ER and activates the SREBP-2 cleavage pathway. The intrinsic ATPase activity in ABCA1 is required to facilitate retrograde sterol transport. ABCA1 deficiency causes alternation of PM composition and hampers a clathrin-independent endocytic activity that is required for ER sterol sensing. Our finding identifies ABCA1 as a key macromolecule facilitating bidirectional sterol movement at the PM and shows that ABCA1 controls retrograde sterol transport by modulating a certain clathrin-independent endocytic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamauchi
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan,
| | - Noriyuki Iwamoto
- the Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Maximillian A Rogers
- the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- the Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- the Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Masato Ishigami
- the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences and Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- the Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and
| | | | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- the Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences and Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- the Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- the Nutritional Health Science Research Center and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rogers MA, Liu J, Song BL, Li BL, Chang CCY, Chang TY. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs/SOATs): Enzymes with multiple sterols as substrates and as activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 151:102-7. [PMID: 25218443 PMCID: PMC4851438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential to the growth and viability of cells. The metabolites of cholesterol include: steroids, oxysterols, and bile acids, all of which play important physiological functions. Cholesterol and its metabolites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases, including: atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Thus, understanding how cells maintain the homeostasis of cholesterol and its metabolites is an important area of study. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs, also abbreviated as SOATs) converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters and play key roles in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. ACATs are most unusual enzymes because (i) they metabolize diverse substrates including both sterols and certain steroids; (ii) they contain two different binding sites for steroidal molecules. In mammals, there are two ACAT genes that encode two different enzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2. Both are allosteric enzymes that can be activated by a variety of sterols. In addition to cholesterol, other sterols that possess the 3-beta OH at C-3, including PREG, oxysterols (such as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, etc.), and various plant sterols, could all be ACAT substrates. All sterols that possess the iso-octyl side chain including cholesterol, oxysterols, various plant sterols could all be activators of ACAT. PREG can only be an ACAT substrate because it lacks the iso-octyl side chain required to be an ACAT activator. The unnatural cholesterol analogs epi-cholesterol (with 3-alpha OH in steroid ring B) and ent-cholesterol (the mirror image of cholesterol) contain the iso-octyl side chain but do not have the 3-beta OH at C-3. Thus, they can only serve as activators and cannot serve as substrates. Thus, within the ACAT holoenzyme, there are site(s) that bind sterol as substrate and site(s) that bind sterol as activator; these sites are distinct from each other. These features form the basis to further pursue ACAT structure-function analysis, and can be explored to develop novel allosteric ACAT inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid/Sterol signaling'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jay Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Rational design of small molecular gelators is an elusive and herculean task, despite the rapidly growing body of literature devoted to such gels over the past decade. The process of self-assembly, in molecular gels, is intricate and must balance parameters influencing solubility and those contrasting forces that govern epitaxial growth into axially symmetric elongated aggregates. Although the gelator-gelator interactions are of paramount importance in understanding gelation, the solvent-gelator specific (i.e., H-bonding) and nonspecific (dipole-dipole, dipole-induced and instantaneous dipole induced forces) intermolecular interactions are equally important. Solvent properties mediate the self-assembly of molecular gelators into their self-assembled fibrillar networks. Herein, solubility parameters of solvents, ranging from partition coefficients (log P), to Henry's law constants (HLC), to solvatochromic parameters (ET(30)), and Kamlet-Taft parameters (β, α and π), and to Hansen solubility parameters (δp, δd, δh), are correlated with the gelation ability of numerous classes of molecular gelators. Advanced solvent clustering techniques have led to the development of a priori tools that can identify the solvents that will be gelled and not gelled by molecular gelators. These tools will greatly aid in the development of novel gelators without solely relying on serendipitous discoveries. These tools illustrate that the quest for the universal gelator should be left in the hands of Don Quixote and as researchers we must focus on identifying gelators capable of gelling classes of solvents as there is likely no one gelator capable of gelling all solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lan
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Du H, Kim C, Corradini MG, Ludescher RD, Rogers MA. Micro-viscosity of liquid oil confined in colloidal fat crystal networks. Soft Matter 2014; 10:8652-8658. [PMID: 25252108 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01632g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular rotors may be utilized as non-invasive, non-disruptive and highly sensitive alternatives to conventional measures of bulk viscosity when the oil is entrained in a colloidal fat crystal network. Oil viscosity changes based on the molecular confinement of the oil, which is dependent on its molecular volume. Changes in micro-viscosity were not dependent on the solids content, but instead were strongly dependent on the box-counting fractal dimension in high-space filling colloidal fat crystal networks (i.e., D > 1.89). A bulk oil viscosity is often an overestimation of the actual viscosity of the entrained oil and may not be appropriate when predicting diffusion in multi-phase materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Du
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Department of Food Science. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., E.A.) and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology (E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.R., E.A.) and Center of Excellence in Vascular Biology (E.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Speranza A, Corradini MG, Hartman TG, Ribnicky D, Oren A, Rogers MA. Influence of emulsifier structure on lipid bioaccessibility in oil-water nanoemulsions. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6505-6515. [PMID: 23758276 DOI: 10.1021/jf401548r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of several nonionic surfactants (Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-60, Span-20, Span-60, or Span-80) and anionic surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, and sodium stearyl fumarate) showed drastic differences in the rank order of lipase activity/lipid bioaccessibility. The biophysical composition of the oil and water interface has a clear impact on the bioaccessibility of fatty acids (FA) by altering the interactions of lipase at the oil-water interface. It was found that the bioaccessibility was positively correlated with the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant and inversely correlated to the surfactant aliphatic chain length. Furthermore, the induction time in the jejunum increased as the HLB value increased and decreased with increasing aliphatic chain length. The rate of lipolysis slowed in the jejunum with increasing HLB and with increasing aliphatic chain length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Speranza
- Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rogers MA, Liu J, Kushnir MM, Bryleva E, Rockwood AL, Meikle AW, Shapiro D, Vaisman BL, Remaley AT, Chang CCY, Chang TY. Cellular pregnenolone esterification by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17483-17492. [PMID: 22474282 PMCID: PMC3366839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.331306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnenolone (PREG) can be converted to PREG esters (PE) by the plasma enzyme lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and by other enzyme(s) with unknown identity. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2) convert various sterols to steryl esters; their activities are activated by cholesterol. PREG is a sterol-like molecule, with 3-β-hydroxy moiety at steroid ring A, but with much shorter side chain at steroid ring D. Here we show that without cholesterol, PREG is a poor ACAT substrate; with cholesterol, the V(max) for PREG esterification increases by 100-fold. The binding affinity of ACAT1 for PREG is 30-50-fold stronger than that for cholesterol; however, PREG is only a substrate but not an activator, while cholesterol is both a substrate and an activator. These results indicate that the sterol substrate site in ACAT1 does not involve significant sterol-phospholipid interaction, while the sterol activator site does. Studies utilizing small molecule ACAT inhibitors show that ACAT plays a key role in PREG esterification in various cell types examined. Mice lacking ACAT1 or ACAT2 do not have decreased PREG ester contents in adrenals, nor do they have altered levels of the three major secreted adrenal steroids in serum. Mice lacking LCAT have decreased levels of PREG esters in the adrenals. These results suggest LCAT along with ACAT1/ACAT2 contribute to control pregnenolone ester content in different cell types and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Jay Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Elena Bryleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - A Wayne Meikle
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - David Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Boris L Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section,Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section,Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Maue RA, Burgess RW, Wang B, Wooley CM, Seburn KL, Vanier MT, Rogers MA, Chang CC, Chang TY, Harris BT, Graber DJ, Penatti CAA, Porter DM, Szwergold BS, Henderson LP, Totenhagen JW, Trouard TP, Borbon IA, Erickson RP. A novel mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C disease carrying a D1005G-Npc1 mutation comparable to commonly observed human mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:730-50. [PMID: 22048958 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a point mutation in Npc1 that creates a novel mouse model (Npc1(nmf164)) of Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease: a single nucleotide change (A to G at cDNA bp 3163) that results in an aspartate to glycine change at position 1005 (D1005G). This change is in the cysteine-rich luminal loop of the NPC1 protein and is highly similar to commonly occurring human mutations. Genetic and molecular biological analyses, including sequencing the Npc1(spm) allele and identifying a truncating mutation, confirm that the mutation in Npc1(nmf164) mice is distinct from those in other existing mouse models of NPC disease (Npc1(nih), Npc1(spm)). Analyses of lifespan, body and spleen weight, gait and other motor activities, as well as acoustic startle responses all reveal a more slowly developing phenotype in Npc1(nmf164) mutant mice than in mice with the null mutations (Npc1(nih), Npc1(spm)). Although Npc1 mRNA levels appear relatively normal, Npc1(nmf164) brain and liver display dramatic reductions in Npc1 protein, as well as abnormal cholesterol metabolism and altered glycolipid expression. Furthermore, histological analyses of liver, spleen, hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum reveal abnormal cholesterol accumulation, glial activation and Purkinje cell loss at a slower rate than in the Npc1(nih) mouse model. Magnetic resonance imaging studies also reveal significantly less demyelination/dysmyelination than in the null alleles. Thus, although prior mouse models may correspond to the severe infantile onset forms of NPC disease, Npc1(nmf164) mice offer many advantages as a model for the late-onset, more slowly progressing forms of NPC disease that comprise the large majority of human cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Maue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Inter-limb coupling, a phenomenon whereby each of the upper limbs tends to take on characteristics of the intended movement of the other, represents a limitation on the ability to perform asymmetrical bimanual movements. Two experiments each employing 16 dextral and 16 sinistral normal subjects are reported. In the first experiment evidence of inter-limb coupling was observed during a continuous bimanual rotary task. This coupling appeared to be asymmetrical, with the nonpreferred hand contributing more to coupling than the preferred hand, especially in dextrals. In the second experiment asymmetries in inter-limb coupling were found to be modified by the conscious direction of attention to one or other hand. This suggests that the often reported strong inter-limb asymmetry associated with dextrality, and the weaker assymetry associated with sinistrality, may be partly due to an underlying inter-limb attentional asymmetry in the former, and a relative lack of attentional asymmetry in the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Cholesterol has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the connection between cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease (AD), focusing on a recent study that links neuronal cholesterol esterification with biosynthesis of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and the fate of human amyloid precursor protein in a mouse model of AD. We also briefly evaluate the potential of ACAT1 as a drug target for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Giehl KA, Rogers MA, Radivojkov M, Tosti A, de Berker DAR, Weinlich G, Schmuth M, Ruzicka T, Eckstein GN. Pili annulati: refinement of the locus on chromosome 12q24.33 to a 2.9-Mb interval and candidate gene analysis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 160:527-33. [PMID: 19067701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pili annulati is an autosomal dominant hair shaft disorder characterized by alternating light and dark bands in hairs of affected individuals. Recently, a locus for pili annulati was mapped to chromosome 12q24.32-24.33 and recombination events defined a critical region of 9.2 cM (3.9 Mb). OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to narrow the size of the candidate region and to identify the pathogenic mutation for pili annulati by analysing the candidate genes. METHODS In three families with 90 individuals, including 40 affected subjects, linkage analysis was performed with 13 microsatellite markers in the candidate region on chromosome 12. Candidate genes were analysed for their expression in hair follicles and other tissues by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and mutation analysis. RESULTS Multipoint LOD score analysis for all three families confirmed the locus on the long arm of chromosome 12 with a maximum LOD score of 12.26 at marker D12S357. In two families, recombinations were identified which narrowed the region to 2.9 Mb containing 36 genes. We analysed the candidate genes in this region by RT-PCR and found that 24 were expressed in human hair follicles. Based on the result of the expression analysis, DNA sequencing of the coding region of the candidate genes was performed; this did not result in the discovery of a causal mutation. CONCLUSION We reduced the critical interval of pili annulati to 2.9 Mb and excluded mutations in the coding region of all 36 possible candidate genes by sequence analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Giehl
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yamasue H, Kakiuchi C, Tochigi M, Inoue H, Suga M, Abe O, Yamada H, Sasaki T, Rogers MA, Aoki S, Kato T, Kasai K. Association between mitochondrial DNA 10398A>G polymorphism and the volume of amygdala. Genes Brain Behav 2008; 7:698-704. [PMID: 18518927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium regulation plays a number of important roles in neurons. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly polymorphic, and its interindividual variation is associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases and mental functions. An mtDNA polymorphism, 10398A>G, was reported to affect mitochondrial calcium regulation. Volume of hippocampus and amygdala is reportedly associated with various mental disorders and mental functions and is regarded as an endophenotype of mental disorders. The present study investigated the relationship between the mtDNA 10398A>G polymorphism and the volume of hippocampus and amygdala in 118 right-handed healthy subjects. The brain morphometry using magnetic resonance images employed both manual tracing volumetry in the native space and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in the spatially normalized space. Amygdala volume was found to be significantly larger in healthy subjects with 10398A than in those with 10398G by manual tracing, which was confirmed by the VBM. Brain volumes in the other gray matter regions and all white matter regions showed no significant differences associated with the polymorphism. These provocative findings might provide a clue to the complex relationship between mtDNA, brain structure and mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ord JJ, Streeter E, Jones A, Le Monnier K, Cranston D, Crew J, Joel SP, Rogers MA, Banks RE, Roberts ISD, Harris AL. Phase I trial of intravesical Suramin in recurrent superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:2140-7. [PMID: 15928663 PMCID: PMC2361814 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suramin is an antitrypanosomal agent with antineoplastic activity, but with serious systemic side effects. We administered Suramin intravesically to determine a concentration with low toxicity but with evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect, to recommend a dose level for phase II trials. This was an open-labelled, nonrandomised dose-escalation phase I study. In all, 12 patients with a history of recurrent superficial bladder cancer were grouped into four dose levels (10–150 mg ml−1 in 60 ml saline). Six catheter instillations at weekly intervals were used. Cystoscopy and biopsy were performed before and 3 months after the start of treatment. Suramin was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and urinary protein profile using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation mass spectroscopy (SELDI). Minimal systemic absorption of Suramin was found at the highest dose of 150 mg ml−1. Urinary VEGF was affected by Suramin at doses above 50 mg ml−1, corresponding to the estimated threshold of saturation of Suramin binding to urine albumin. SELDI showed a specific disappearance of urinary protein peaks during treatment. Intravesical Suramin shows lack of toxicity and low systemic absorption. The results of this phase I trial support expanded clinical trials of efficacy at a dose of 100 mg ml−1 intravesically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Ord
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E Streeter
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A Jones
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - K Le Monnier
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D Cranston
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Crew
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - S P Joel
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Rogers
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R E Banks
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - I S D Roberts
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A L Harris
- Growth Factor Group, Cancer Research UK, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Growth Factor Group, Cancer Research UK, Room 405-411, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|