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Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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2
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Sousa BC, Klein ZG, Taylor D, West G, Huipeng AN, Wakelam MJO, Lopez-Clavijo AF. Comprehensive lipidome of human plasma using minimal sample manipulation by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023:e9472. [PMID: 36652341 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The present work shows comprehensive chromatographic methods and MS conditions that have been developed based on the chemical properties of each lipid subclass to detect low-abundance molecular species. This study shows that the developed methods can detect low- and/or very-low-abundant lipids like phosphatidic acid (PA) in the glycerophospholipid (GP) method; dihydroceramide (dhCer) and dihydrosphingosine/sphinganine (dhSPB) in the sphingolipid (SP) method; and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), LPI, LPG and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPBP) in the lysolipid method. METHODS An optimised method for the extraction of lysolipids in plasma is used in addition to Folch extraction. Then, four chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry using targeted and untargeted approaches are described here. Three of the methods use a tertiary pumping system to enable the inclusion of a gradient for analyte separation (pumps A and B) and an isocratic wash (pump C). This wash solution elutes interfering compounds that could cause background signal in the subsequent injections, reducing column lifetime. RESULTS Semi-quantitative values for 37 lipid subclasses are reported for a plasma sample (NIST SRM 1950). Furthermore, the methods presented here enabled the identification of 338 different lipid molecular species for GPs (mono- and diacyl-phospholipds), SPs, sterols and glycerolipids. The methods have been validated, and the reproducibility is presented here. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive analysis of the lipidome addressed here of glycerolipids, GPs, sterols and SPs is in good agreement with previously reported results, in the NIST SRM 1950 sample, by other laboratories. Ten lipid subclasses LPS, LPI, alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid/alkenyl-lysophosphatidic acid, alkyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine/alkenyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine, dhCer (d18:0), SPB (d18:1), dhSPB (d18:0) and SPBP (d18:2) have been detected using this comprehensive method and are uniquely reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebiana C Sousa
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zulema Gonzalez Klein
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diane Taylor
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Greg West
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aveline Neo Huipeng
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Kochaj RM, Martelletti E, Ingham NJ, Buniello A, Sousa BC, Wakelam MJO, Lopez-Clavijo AF, Steel KP. The Effect of a Pex3 Mutation on Hearing and Lipid Content of the Inner Ear. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203206. [PMID: 36291074 PMCID: PMC9600510 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (due to PEX gene mutations) are associated with symptoms that range in severity and can lead to early childhood death, but a common feature is hearing impairment. In this study, mice carrying Pex3 mutations were found to show normal auditory development followed by an early-onset progressive increase in auditory response thresholds. The only structural defect detected in the cochlea at four weeks old was the disruption of synapses below inner hair cells. A conditional approach was used to establish that Pex3 expression is required locally within the cochlea for normal hearing, rather than hearing loss being due to systemic effects. A lipidomics analysis of the inner ear revealed a local reduction in plasmalogens in the Pex3 mouse mutants, comparable to the systemic plasmalogen reduction reported in human peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Thus, mice with Pex3 mutations may be a useful tool to understand the physiological basis of peroxisome biogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Kochaj
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elisa Martelletti
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Neil J. Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bebiana C. Sousa
- Lipidomics Facility, The BBSRC Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | | | - Karen P. Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence:
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4
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Chauve L, Hodge F, Murdoch S, Masoudzadeh F, Mann HJ, Lopez-Clavijo AF, Okkenhaug H, West G, Sousa BC, Segonds-Pichon A, Li C, Wingett SW, Kienberger H, Kleigrewe K, de Bono M, Wakelam MJO, Casanueva O. Neuronal HSF-1 coordinates the propagation of fat desaturation across tissues to enable adaptation to high temperatures in C. elegans. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001431. [PMID: 34723964 PMCID: PMC8585009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive elevated temperatures, ectotherms adjust the fluidity of membranes by fine-tuning lipid desaturation levels in a process previously described to be cell autonomous. We have discovered that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, neuronal heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), the conserved master regulator of the heat shock response (HSR), causes extensive fat remodeling in peripheral tissues. These changes include a decrease in fat desaturase and acid lipase expression in the intestine and a global shift in the saturation levels of plasma membrane's phospholipids. The observed remodeling of plasma membrane is in line with ectothermic adaptive responses and gives worms a cumulative advantage to warm temperatures. We have determined that at least 6 TAX-2/TAX-4 cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) gated channel expressing sensory neurons, and transforming growth factor ß (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) are required for signaling across tissues to modulate fat desaturation. We also find neuronal hsf-1 is not only sufficient but also partially necessary to control the fat remodeling response and for survival at warm temperatures. This is the first study to show that a thermostat-based mechanism can cell nonautonomously coordinate membrane saturation and composition across tissues in a multicellular animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Chauve
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Hodge
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharlene Murdoch
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Greg West
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cheryl Li
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Centre for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Freising, Germany
| | - Mario de Bono
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Olivia Casanueva
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Gaud C, C Sousa B, Nguyen A, Fedorova M, Ni Z, O'Donnell VB, Wakelam MJO, Andrews S, Lopez-Clavijo AF. BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS. F1000Res 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33564392 PMCID: PMC7848852 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics increasingly describes the quantification using mass spectrometry of all lipids present in a biological sample. As the power of lipidomics protocols increase, thousands of lipid molecular species from multiple categories can now be profiled in a single experiment. Observed changes due to biological differences often encompass large numbers of structurally-related lipids, with these being regulated by enzymes from well-known metabolic pathways. As lipidomics datasets increase in complexity, the interpretation of their results becomes more challenging. BioPAN addresses this by enabling the researcher to visualise quantitative lipidomics data in the context of known biosynthetic pathways. BioPAN provides a list of genes, which could be involved in the activation or suppression of enzymes catalysing lipid metabolism in mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gaud
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Bebiana C Sousa
- Lipidomics facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - An Nguyen
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Lipidomics facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Andrea F Lopez-Clavijo
- Lipidomics facility, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
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6
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Liebisch G, Fahy E, Aoki J, Dennis EA, Durand T, Ejsing CS, Fedorova M, Feussner I, Griffiths WJ, Köfeler H, Merrill AH, Murphy RC, O'Donnell VB, Oskolkova O, Subramaniam S, Wakelam MJO, Spener F. Update on LIPID MAPS classification, nomenclature, and shorthand notation for MS-derived lipid structures. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1539-1555. [PMID: 33037133 PMCID: PMC7707175 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s120001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive and standardized system to report lipid structures analyzed by MS is essential for the communication and storage of lipidomics data. Herein, an update on both the LIPID MAPS classification system and shorthand notation of lipid structures is presented for lipid categories Fatty Acyls (FA), Glycerolipids (GL), Glycerophospholipids (GP), Sphingolipids (SP), and Sterols (ST). With its major changes, i.e., annotation of ring double bond equivalents and number of oxygens, the updated shorthand notation facilitates reporting of newly delineated oxygenated lipid species as well. For standardized reporting in lipidomics, the hierarchical architecture of shorthand notation reflects the diverse structural resolution powers provided by mass spectrometric assays. Moreover, shorthand notation is expanded beyond mammalian phyla to lipids from plant and yeast phyla. Finally, annotation of atoms is included for the use of stable isotope-labeled compounds in metabolic labeling experiments or as internal standards. This update on lipid classification, nomenclature, and shorthand annotation for lipid mass spectra is considered a standard for lipid data presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eoin Fahy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Olga Oskolkova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Friedrich Spener
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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7
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Marshall JD, Courage ER, Elliott RF, Fitzpatrick MN, Kim AD, Lopez-Clavijo AF, Woolfrey BA, Ouimet M, Wakelam MJO, Brown RJ. THP-1 macrophage cholesterol efflux is impaired by palmitoleate through Akt activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233180. [PMID: 32437392 PMCID: PMC7241781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions and it may promote the progression of atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms behind this process are not completely understood. We previously showed that the phosphorylation of Akt within THP-1 macrophages is increased in response to the lipid hydrolysis products generated by LPL from total lipoproteins. Notably, the free fatty acid (FFA) component was responsible for this effect. In the present study, we aimed to reveal more detail as to how the FFA component may affect Akt signalling. We show that the phosphorylation of Akt within THP-1 macrophages increases with total FFA concentration and that phosphorylation is elevated up to 18 hours. We further show that specifically the palmitoleate component of the total FFA affects Akt phosphorylation. This is tied with changes to the levels of select molecular species of phosphoinositides. We further show that the total FFA component, and specifically palmitoleate, reduces apolipoprotein A-I-mediated cholesterol efflux, and that the reduction can be reversed in the presence of the Akt inhibitor MK-2206. Overall, our data support a negative role for the FFA component of lipoprotein hydrolysis products generated by LPL, by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux via Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenika D. Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Emily R. Courage
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ryan F. Elliott
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Madeline N. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Anne D. Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bronwyn A. Woolfrey
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert J. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Casciano JC, Perry C, Cohen-Nowak AJ, Miller KD, Vande Voorde J, Zhang Q, Chalmers S, Sandison ME, Liu Q, Hedley A, McBryan T, Tang HY, Gorman N, Beer T, Speicher DW, Adams PD, Liu X, Schlegel R, McCarron JG, Wakelam MJO, Gottlieb E, Kossenkov AV, Schug ZT. MYC regulates fatty acid metabolism through a multigenic program in claudin-low triple negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:868-884. [PMID: 31942031 PMCID: PMC7078291 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a key metabolic pathway for the growth of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), particularly those that have high expression of MYC. However, the underlying mechanism by which MYC promotes FAO remains poorly understood. Methods We used a combination of metabolomics, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and microscopy to elucidate a potential mechanism by which MYC regulates FAO in TNBC. Results We propose that MYC induces a multigenic program that involves changes in intracellular calcium signalling and fatty acid metabolism. We determined key roles for fatty acid transporters (CD36), lipases (LPL), and kinases (PDGFRB, CAMKK2, and AMPK) that each contribute to promoting FAO in human mammary epithelial cells that express oncogenic levels of MYC. Bioinformatic analysis further showed that this multigenic program is highly expressed and predicts poor survival in the claudin-low molecular subtype of TNBC, but not other subtypes of TNBCs, suggesting that efforts to target FAO in the clinic may best serve claudin-low TNBC patients. Conclusion We identified critical pieces of the FAO machinery that have the potential to be targeted for improved treatment of patients with TNBC, especially the claudin-low molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Casciano
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Caroline Perry
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam J Cohen-Nowak
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katelyn D Miller
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johan Vande Voorde
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Susan Chalmers
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, SIPBS Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Mairi E Sandison
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, SIPBS Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ann Hedley
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tony McBryan
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole Gorman
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Beer
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington D.C., 20057, USA
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, SIPBS Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, 3525433, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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9
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O'Donnell VB, Thomas D, Stanton R, Maillard JY, Murphy RC, Jones SA, Humphreys I, Wakelam MJO, Fegan C, Wise MP, Bosch A, Sattar SA. Potential Role of Oral Rinses Targeting the Viral Lipid Envelope in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Function (Oxf) 2020; 1:zqaa002. [PMID: 33215159 PMCID: PMC7239187 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies increasingly demonstrate the importance of the throat and salivary glands as sites of virus replication and transmission in early COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, characterized by an outer lipid membrane derived from the host cell from which it buds. While it is highly sensitive to agents that disrupt lipid biomembranes, there has been no discussion about the potential role of oral rinsing in preventing transmission. Here, we review known mechanisms of viral lipid membrane disruption by widely available dental mouthwash components that include ethanol, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and povidone-iodine. We also assess existing formulations for their potential ability to disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 lipid envelope, based on their concentrations of these agents, and conclude that several deserve clinical evaluation. We highlight that already published research on other enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, directly supports the idea that oral rinsing should be considered as a potential way to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Research to test this could include evaluating existing or specifically tailored new formulations in well-designed viral inactivation assays, then in clinical trials. Population-based interventions could be undertaken with available mouthwashes, with active monitoring of outcome to determine efficacy. This is an under-researched area of major clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Thomas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Dentistry
| | | | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Medicine
| | - Ian Humphreys
- Systems Immunity Research Institute.,School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Matt P Wise
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Albert Bosch
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Syed A Sattar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5 Canada
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10
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McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
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11
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Hahn O, Drews LF, Nguyen A, Tatsuta T, Gkioni L, Hendrich O, Zhang Q, Langer T, Pletcher S, Wakelam MJO, Beyer A, Grönke S, Partridge L. A nutritional memory effect counteracts benefits of dietary restriction in old mice. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1059-1073. [PMID: 31742247 PMCID: PMC6861129 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) during adulthood can greatly extend lifespan and improve metabolic health in diverse species. However, whether DR in mammals is still effective when applied for the first time at old age remains elusive. Here, we report results of a late-life DR switch experiment employing 800 mice, in which 24 months old female mice were switched from ad libitum (AL) to DR or vice versa. Strikingly, the switch from DR-to-AL acutely increases mortality, whereas the switch from AL-to-DR causes only a weak and gradual increase in survival, suggesting a memory of earlier nutrition. RNA-seq profiling in liver, brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) demonstrate a largely refractory transcriptional and metabolic response to DR after AL feeding in fat tissue, particularly in WAT, and a proinflammatory signature in aged preadipocytes, which is prevented by chronic DR feeding. Our results provide evidence for a nutritional memory as a limiting factor for DR-induced longevity and metabolic remodeling of WAT in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - An Nguyen
- Inositide lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisonia Gkioni
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Hendrich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Inositide lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Scott Pletcher
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and the Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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McDermott MI, Diz R, Hur S, Lete MG, Applebee CJ, Grabon A, Tripathi A, Wakelam MJO, Larijani B, Bankaitis VA. A Reassessment of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Alpha's Growth Factor Signaling Role. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I. McDermott
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Ramiro Diz
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Seong Hur
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Marta G. Lete
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceResearch Center for Experimental Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) and Biofisika Instituto (UPV/EHU/CSIC) and University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Christopher J. Applebee
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceResearch Center for Experimental Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) and Biofisika Instituto (UPV/EHU/CSIC) and University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Aby Grabon
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | | | - Banafshe Larijani
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceResearch Center for Experimental Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) and Biofisika Instituto (UPV/EHU/CSIC) and University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Vytas A. Bankaitis
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineE. L. Wehner‐Welch Laboratory, Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
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13
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Jones DT, Valli A, Haider S, Zhang Q, Smethurst EA, Schug ZT, Peck B, Aboagye EO, Critchlow SE, Schulze A, Gottlieb E, Wakelam MJO, Harris AL. 3D Growth of Cancer Cells Elicits Sensitivity to Kinase Inhibitors but Not Lipid Metabolism Modifiers. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:376-388. [PMID: 30478149 PMCID: PMC6611711 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit altered lipid metabolism compared with normal cells. Cell signaling kinases are important for regulating lipid synthesis and energy storage. How upstream kinases regulate lipid content, versus direct targeting of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, is currently unexplored. We evaluated intracellular lipid concentrations in prostate and breast tumor spheroids, treated with drugs directly inhibiting metabolic enzymes fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), diacylglyceride acyltransferase (DGAT), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK), or cell signaling kinase enzymes PI3K, AKT, and mTOR with lipidomic analysis. We assessed whether baseline lipid profiles corresponded to inhibitors' effectiveness in modulating lipid profiles in three-dimensional (3D) growth and their relationship to therapeutic activity. Inhibitors against PI3K, AKT, and mTOR significantly inhibited MDA-MB-468 and PC3 cell growth in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spheroid growth, while moderately altering lipid content. Conversely, metabolism inhibitors against FASN and DGAT altered lipid content most effectively, while only moderately inhibiting growth compared with kinase inhibitors. The FASN and ACC inhibitors' effectiveness in MDA-MB-468, versus PC3, suggested the former depended more on synthesis, whereas the latter may salvage lipids. Although baseline lipid profiles did not predict growth effects, lipid changes on therapy matched the growth effects of FASN and DGAT inhibitors. Several phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, were also upregulated following treatment, possibly via the Kennedy pathway. As this promotes tumor growth, combination studies should include drugs targeting it. Two-dimensional drug screening may miss important metabolism inhibitors or underestimate their potency. Clinical studies should consider serial measurements of tumor lipids to prove target modulation. Pretherapy tumor classification by de novo lipid synthesis versus uptake may help demonstrate efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Jones
- Target Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessandro Valli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Smethurst
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, Clerkenwell, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barrie Peck
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Critchlow
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Almut Schulze
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Bicenter, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany; and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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O'Donnell VB, Dennis EA, Wakelam MJO, Subramaniam S. LIPID MAPS: Serving the next generation of lipid researchers with tools, resources, data, and training. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/563/eaaw2964. [PMID: 30622195 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are increasingly recognized as dynamic, critical metabolites affecting human physiology and pathophysiology. LIPID MAPS is a free resource dedicated to serving the lipid research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Witting M, Hastings J, Rodriguez N, Joshi CJ, Hattwell JPN, Ebert PR, van Weeghel M, Gao AW, Wakelam MJO, Houtkooper RH, Mains A, Le Novère N, Sadykoff S, Schroeder F, Lewis NE, Schirra HJ, Kaleta C, Casanueva O. Modeling Meets Metabolomics-The WormJam Consensus Model as Basis for Metabolic Studies in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:96. [PMID: 30488036 PMCID: PMC6246695 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is one of the attributes of life and supplies energy and building blocks to organisms. Therefore, understanding metabolism is crucial for the understanding of complex biological phenomena. Despite having been in the focus of research for centuries, our picture of metabolism is still incomplete. Metabolomics, the systematic analysis of all small molecules in a biological system, aims to close this gap. In order to facilitate such investigations a blueprint of the metabolic network is required. Recently, several metabolic network reconstructions for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have been published, each having unique features. We have established the WormJam Community to merge and reconcile these (and other unpublished models) into a single consensus metabolic reconstruction. In a series of workshops and annotation seminars this model was refined with manual correction of incorrect assignments, metabolite structure and identifier curation as well as addition of new pathways. The WormJam consensus metabolic reconstruction represents a rich data source not only for in silico network-based approaches like flux balance analysis, but also for metabolomics, as it includes a database of metabolites present in C. elegans, which can be used for annotation. Here we present the process of model merging, correction and curation and give a detailed overview of the model. In the future it is intended to expand the model toward different tissues and put special emphasizes on lipid metabolism and secondary metabolism including ascaroside metabolism in accordance to their central role in C. elegans physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universtität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Janna Hastings
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chintan J. Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jake P. N. Hattwell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Mains
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Le Novère
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Sadykoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Christoph Kaleta
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Casanueva
- Epigenetics Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Sadej R, Lu X, Turczyk L, Novitskaya V, Lopez-Clavijo AF, Kordek R, Potemski P, Wakelam MJO, Romanska-Knight H, Berditchevski F. CD151 regulates expression of FGFR2 in breast cancer cells via PKC-dependent pathways. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs220640. [PMID: 30257985 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tetraspanin CD151 is frequently upregulated in epithelial malignancies and correlates with poor prognosis. Here, we report that CD151 is involved in regulation of the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Depletion of CD151 in breast cancer cells resulted in an increased level of FGFR2. Accordingly, an inverse correlation between CD151 and FGFR2 was observed in breast cancer tissues. CD151-dependent regulation of the FGFR2 expression relies on post-transcriptional mechanisms involving HuR (also known as ELAVL1), a multifunctional RNA-binding protein, and the assembly of processing bodies (P-bodies). Depletion of CD151 correlated with inhibition of PKC, a well-established downstream target of CD151. Accordingly, the levels of dialcylglycerol species were decreased in CD151-negative cells, and inhibition of PKC resulted in the increased expression of FGFR2. Whereas expression of FGFR2 itself did not correlate with any of the clinicopathological data, we found that FGFR2-/CD151+ patients were more likely to have developed lymph node metastasis. Conversely, FGFR2-/CD151- patients demonstrated better overall survival. These results illustrate functional interdependency between CD151 complexes and FGFR2, and suggest a previously unsuspected role of CD151 in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lukasz Turczyk
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Vera Novitskaya
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Potemski
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Romanska-Knight
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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17
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Burla B, Arita M, Arita M, Bendt AK, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Dennis EA, Ekroos K, Han X, Ikeda K, Liebisch G, Lin MK, Loh TP, Meikle PJ, Orešič M, Quehenberger O, Shevchenko A, Torta F, Wakelam MJO, Wheelock CE, Wenk MR. MS-based lipidomics of human blood plasma: a community-initiated position paper to develop accepted guidelines. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2001-2017. [PMID: 30115755 PMCID: PMC6168311 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s087163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human blood is a self-regenerating lipid-rich biological fluid that is routinely collected in hospital settings. The inventory of lipid molecules found in blood plasma (plasma lipidome) offers insights into individual metabolism and physiology in health and disease. Disturbances in the plasma lipidome also occur in conditions that are not directly linked to lipid metabolism; therefore, plasma lipidomics based on MS is an emerging tool in an array of clinical diagnostics and disease management. However, challenges exist in the translation of such lipidomic data to clinical applications. These relate to the reproducibility, accuracy, and precision of lipid quantitation, study design, sample handling, and data sharing. This position paper emerged from a workshop that initiated a community-led process to elaborate and define a set of generally accepted guidelines for quantitative MS-based lipidomics of blood plasma or serum, with harmonization of data acquired on different instrumentation platforms across independent laboratories as an ultimate goal. We hope that other fields may benefit from and follow such a precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan and RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anne K Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Esbo, Finland
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Medicine-Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michelle K Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matej Orešič
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Record M, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Wakelam MJO. Extracellular vesicles: lipids as key components of their biogenesis and functions. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1316-1324. [PMID: 29764923 PMCID: PMC6071772 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e086173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication has been known for decades to involve either direct contact between cells or to operate via circulating molecules, such as cytokines, growth factors, or lipid mediators. During the last decade, we have begun to appreciate the increasing importance of intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles released by viable cells either from plasma membrane shedding (microvesicles, also named microparticles) or from an intracellular compartment (exosomes). Exosomes and microvesicles circulate in all biological fluids and can trigger biological responses at a distance. Their effects include a large variety of biological processes, such as immune surveillance, modification of tumor microenvironment, or regulation of inflammation. Extracellular vesicles can carry a large array of active molecules, including lipid mediators, such as eicosanoids, proteins, and nucleic acids, able to modify the phenotype of receiving cells. This review will highlight the role of the various lipidic pathways involved in the biogenesis and functions of microvesicles and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Record
- UMR INSERM 1037-CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- UMR INSERM 1037-CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- UMR INSERM 1037-CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Toulouse, France
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19
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Nguyen A, Guedán A, Mousnier A, Swieboda D, Zhang Q, Horkai D, Le Novere N, Solari R, Wakelam MJO. Host lipidome analysis during rhinovirus replication in HBECs identifies potential therapeutic targets. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1671-1684. [PMID: 29946055 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinovirus (RV) infections can provoke acute worsening of disease, and limited treatment options exist. Viral replication in the host cell induces significant remodeling of intracellular membranes, but few studies have explored this mechanistically or as a therapeutic opportunity. We performed unbiased lipidomic analysis on human bronchial epithelial cells infected over a 6 h period with the RV-A1b strain of RV to determine changes in 493 distinct lipid species. Through pathway and network analysis, we identified temporal changes in the apparent activities of a number of lipid metabolizing and signaling enzymes. In particular, analysis highlighted FA synthesis and ceramide metabolism as potential anti-rhinoviral targets. To validate the importance of these enzymes in viral replication, we explored the effects of commercially available enzyme inhibitors upon RV-A1b infection and replication. Ceranib-1, D609, and C75 were the most potent inhibitors, which confirmed that FAS and ceramidase are potential inhibitory targets in rhinoviral infections. More broadly, this study demonstrates the potential of lipidomics and pathway analysis to identify novel targets to treat human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Nguyen
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Anabel Guedán
- Medical Research Council and Asthma United Kingdom Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelie Mousnier
- Medical Research Council and Asthma United Kingdom Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Dawid Swieboda
- Medical Research Council and Asthma United Kingdom Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Dorottya Horkai
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Le Novere
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Solari
- Medical Research Council and Asthma United Kingdom Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom.
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20
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McDermott MI, Diz R, Hur S, Lete MG, Applebee CJ, Grabon A, Tripathi A, Wakelam MJO, Larijani B, Bankaitis VA. A Reevaluation of the Role of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein a in Growth Factor Signaling. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.540.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Diz
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineTexas A&MCollege StationTX
| | - Seong Hur
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineTexas A&MCollege StationTX
| | - Marta G. Lete
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineTexas A&MCollege StationTX
- Cell Biophysics LaboratoryIkerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceResearch Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) and Biofisika Instituto (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Christopher J. Applebee
- Cell Biophysics LaboratoryIkerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceResearch Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) and Biofisika Instituto (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Aby Grabon
- Molecular and Cellular MedicineTexas A&MCollege StationTX
| | | | | | - Banafshe Larijani
- Cell Biophysics LaboratoryIkerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceResearch Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE) and Biofisika Instituto (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
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21
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Hartler J, Triebl A, Ziegl A, Trötzmüller M, Rechberger GN, Zeleznik OA, Zierler KA, Torta F, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Wenk MR, Fauland A, Wheelock CE, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, Haemmerle G, Spener F, Köfeler HC, Thallinger GG. Deciphering lipid structures based on platform-independent decision rules. Nat Methods 2017; 14:1171-1174. [PMID: 29058722 PMCID: PMC5988032 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We achieve automated and reliable annotation of lipid species and their molecular structures in high-throughput data from chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry using decision rule sets embedded in Lipid Data Analyzer (LDA; http://genome.tugraz.at/lda2). Using various low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry instruments with several collision energies, we proved the method's platform independence. We propose that the software's reliability, flexibility, and ability to identify novel lipid molecular species may now render current state-of-the-art lipid libraries obsolete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Hartler
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Ziegl
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald N Rechberger
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Kathrin A Zierler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Fauland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aaron M Armando
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Friedrich Spener
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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22
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Farquhar MJ, Humphreys IS, Rudge SA, Wilson GK, Bhattacharya B, Ciaccia M, Hu K, Zhang Q, Mailly L, Reynolds GM, Ashcroft M, Balfe P, Baumert TF, Roessler S, Wakelam MJO, McKeating JA. Autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor signalling regulates hepatitis C virus replication. J Hepatol 2017; 66:919-929. [PMID: 28126468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C is a global health problem with an estimated 170 million hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals at risk of progressive liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autotaxin (ATX, gene name: ENPP2) is a phospholipase with diverse roles in the physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and oncogenesis. Clinical studies have reported increased ATX expression in chronic hepatitis C, however, the pathways regulating ATX and its role in the viral life cycle are not well understood. METHODS In vitro hepatocyte and ex vivo liver culture systems along with chimeric humanized liver mice and HCC tissue enabled us to assess the interplay between ATX and the HCV life cycle. RESULTS HCV infection increased hepatocellular ATX RNA and protein expression. HCV infection stabilizes hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and we investigated a role for these transcription factors to regulate ATX. In vitro studies show that low oxygen increases hepatocellular ATX expression and transcriptome analysis showed a positive correlation between ATX mRNA levels and hypoxia gene score in HCC tumour tissue associated with HCV and other aetiologies. Importantly, inhibiting ATX-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling reduced HCV replication, demonstrating a positive role for this phospholipase in the viral life cycle. LPA activates phosphoinositide-3-kinase that stabilizes HIF-1α and inhibiting the HIF signalling pathway abrogates the pro-viral activity of LPA. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a model where HCV infection increases ATX expression which supports viral replication and HCC progression. LAY SUMMARY Chronic hepatitis C is a global health problem with infected individuals at risk of developing liver disease that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Autotaxin generates the biologically active lipid lysophosphatidic acid that has been reported to play a tumorigenic role in a wide number of cancers. In this study we show that hepatitis C virus infection increases autotaxin expression via hypoxia inducible transcription factor and provides an environment in the liver that promotes fibrosis and liver injury. Importantly, we show a new role for lysophosphatidic acid in positively regulating hepatitis C virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Farquhar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Isla S Humphreys
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Garrick K Wilson
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Ke Hu
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Laurent Mailly
- INSERM U1110, University of Strasbourg, 3 Rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gary M Reynolds
- NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Peter Balfe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- INSERM U1110, University of Strasbourg, 3 Rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jane A McKeating
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, UK.
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23
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Kilbey A, Terry A, Wotton S, Borland G, Zhang Q, Mackay N, McDonald A, Bell M, Wakelam MJO, Cameron ER, Neil JC. Runx1 Orchestrates Sphingolipid Metabolism and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Lymphomagenesis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1432-1441. [PMID: 27869314 PMCID: PMC5408393 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The three‐membered RUNX gene family includes RUNX1, a major mutational target in human leukemias, and displays hallmarks of both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In mouse models, the Runx genes appear to act as conditional oncogenes, as ectopic expression is growth suppressive in normal cells but drives lymphoma development potently when combined with over‐expressed Myc or loss of p53. Clues to underlying mechanisms emerged previously from murine fibroblasts where ectopic expression of any of the Runx genes promotes survival through direct and indirect regulation of key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism associated with a shift in the “sphingolipid rheostat” from ceramide to sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P). Testing of this relationship in lymphoma cells was therefore a high priority. We find that ectopic expression of Runx1 in lymphoma cells consistently perturbs the sphingolipid rheostat, whereas an essential physiological role for Runx1 is revealed by reduced S1P levels in normal spleen after partial Cre‐mediated excision. Furthermore, we show that ectopic Runx1 expression confers increased resistance of lymphoma cells to glucocorticoid‐mediated apoptosis, and elucidate the mechanism of cross‐talk between glucocorticoid and sphingolipid metabolism through Sgpp1. Dexamethasone potently induces expression of Sgpp1 in T‐lymphoma cells and drives cell death which is reduced by partial knockdown of Sgpp1 with shRNA or direct transcriptional repression of Sgpp1 by ectopic Runx1. Together these data show that Runx1 plays a role in regulating the sphingolipid rheostat in normal development and that perturbation of this cell fate regulator contributes to Runx‐driven lymphomagenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1432–1441, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kilbey
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Terry
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Wotton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - G Borland
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Q Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - N Mackay
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A McDonald
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bell
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M J O Wakelam
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - E R Cameron
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - J C Neil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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24
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Jethwa SA, Leah EJ, Zhang Q, Bright NA, Oxley D, Bootman MD, Rudge SA, Wakelam MJO. Exosomes bind to autotaxin and act as a physiological delivery mechanism to stimulate LPA receptor signalling in cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3948-3957. [PMID: 27557622 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX; also known as ENPP2), the lysophospholipase responsible for generating the lipid receptor agonist lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is a secreted enzyme. Here we show that, once secreted, ATX can bind to the surface of cell-secreted exosomes. Exosome-bound ATX is catalytically active and carries generated LPA. Once bound to a cell, through specific integrin interactions, ATX releases the LPA to activate cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors of LPA; inhibition of signalling by the receptor antagonist Ki1642 suggests that these receptors are LPAR1 and LPAR3. The binding stimulates downstream signalling, including phosphorylation of AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinases, the release of intracellular stored Ca2+ and cell migration. We propose that exosomal binding of LPA-loaded ATX provides a means of efficiently delivering the lipid agonist to cell surface receptors to promote signalling. We further propose that this is a means by which ATX-LPA signalling operates physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna A Jethwa
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Emma J Leah
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David Oxley
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Martin D Bootman
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon A Rudge
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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25
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Sanchez-Alvarez M, Zhang Q, Finger F, Wakelam MJO, Bakal C. Cell cycle progression is an essential regulatory component of phospholipid metabolism and membrane homeostasis. Open Biol 2016; 5:150093. [PMID: 26333836 PMCID: PMC4593667 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that phospholipid anabolism does not occur uniformly during the metazoan cell cycle. Transition to S-phase is required for optimal mobilization of lipid precursors, synthesis of specific phospholipid species and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Average changes observed in whole-cell phospholipid composition, and total ER lipid content, upon stimulation of cell growth can be explained by the cell cycle distribution of the population. TORC1 promotes phospholipid anabolism by slowing S/G2 progression. The cell cycle stage-specific nature of lipid biogenesis is dependent on p53. We propose that coupling lipid metabolism to cell cycle progression is a means by which cells have evolved to coordinate proliferation with cell and organelle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sanchez-Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Fabian Finger
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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26
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Peck B, Schug ZT, Zhang Q, Dankworth B, Jones DT, Smethurst E, Patel R, Mason S, Jiang M, Saunders R, Howell M, Mitter R, Spencer-Dene B, Stamp G, McGarry L, James D, Shanks E, Aboagye EO, Critchlow SE, Leung HY, Harris AL, Wakelam MJO, Gottlieb E, Schulze A. Inhibition of fatty acid desaturation is detrimental to cancer cell survival in metabolically compromised environments. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:6. [PMID: 27042297 PMCID: PMC4818530 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced macromolecule biosynthesis is integral to growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Lipid biosynthesis has been predicted to be an essential process in cancer cells. However, it is unclear which enzymes within this pathway offer the best selectivity for cancer cells and could be suitable therapeutic targets. RESULTS Using functional genomics, we identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), an enzyme that controls synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, as essential in breast and prostate cancer cells. SCD inhibition altered cellular lipid composition and impeded cell viability in the absence of exogenous lipids. SCD inhibition also altered cardiolipin composition, leading to the release of cytochrome C and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, SCD was required for the generation of poly-unsaturated lipids in cancer cells grown in spheroid cultures, which resemble those found in tumour tissue. We also found that SCD mRNA and protein expression is elevated in human breast cancers and predicts poor survival in high-grade tumours. Finally, silencing of SCD in prostate orthografts efficiently blocked tumour growth and significantly increased animal survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data implicate lipid desaturation as an essential process for cancer cell survival and suggest that targeting SCD could efficiently limit tumour expansion, especially under the metabolically compromised conditions of the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrie Peck
- />Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
- />Present address: The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Zachary T. Schug
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- />Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT UK
| | - Beatrice Dankworth
- />Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dylan T. Jones
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | | | - Rachana Patel
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Susan Mason
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- />High Throughput Screening Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln`s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln`s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
| | - Rebecca Saunders
- />High Throughput Screening Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln`s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln`s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
| | - Michael Howell
- />High Throughput Screening Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln`s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln`s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- />Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln`s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln`s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- />Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln`s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln`s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- />Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln`s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln`s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Daniel James
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- />Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | | | - Hing Y. Leung
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | | | - Eyal Gottlieb
- />Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Almut Schulze
- />Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY UK
- />Department for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- />Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Morales-Rios E, Watt IN, Zhang Q, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Montgomery MG, Wakelam MJO, Walker JE. Purification, characterization and crystallization of the F-ATPase from Paracoccus denitrificans. Open Biol 2015; 5:150119. [PMID: 26423580 PMCID: PMC4593670 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures of F-ATPases have been determined predominantly with mitochondrial enzymes, but hitherto no F-ATPase has been crystallized intact. A high-resolution model of the bovine enzyme built up from separate sub-structures determined by X-ray crystallography contains about 85% of the entire complex, but it lacks a crucial region that provides a transmembrane proton pathway involved in the generation of the rotary mechanism that drives the synthesis of ATP. Here the isolation, characterization and crystallization of an integral F-ATPase complex from the α-proteobacterium Paracoccus denitrificans are described. Unlike many eubacterial F-ATPases, which can both synthesize and hydrolyse ATP, the P. denitrificans enzyme can only carry out the synthetic reaction. The mechanism of inhibition of its ATP hydrolytic activity involves a ζ inhibitor protein, which binds to the catalytic F₁-domain of the enzyme. The complex that has been crystallized, and the crystals themselves, contain the nine core proteins of the complete F-ATPase complex plus the ζ inhibitor protein. The formation of crystals depends upon the presence of bound bacterial cardiolipin and phospholipid molecules; when they were removed, the complex failed to crystallize. The experiments open the way to an atomic structure of an F-ATPase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Morales-Rios
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ian N. Watt
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Shujing Ding
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ian M. Fearnley
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin G. Montgomery
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - John E. Walker
- The Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK,e-mail:
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28
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Abstract
Signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediates the actions of a plethora of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters upon their target cells following receptor occupation. Overactivation of these pathways has been implicated in a number of pathologies, in particular a range of malignancies. The tight regulation of signaling pathways necessitates the involvement of both stimulatory and terminating enzymes; inappropriate activation of a pathway can thus result from activation or inhibition of the two signaling arms. The focus of this review is to discuss, in detail, the activities of the identified families of phosphoinositide phosphatase expressed in humans, and how they regulate the levels of phosphoinositides implicated in promoting malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Rudge
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) are frequently found in cancers and have been identified in a spectrum of mosaic overgrowth disorders ranging from isolated digit enlargement to more extensive overgrowth of the body, brain, or vasculature. We aimed to study affected dermal fibroblasts with a view to inform therapeutic studies, and to observe cancer-associated mutations in isolation. METHODS We measured PIP3 concentrations in dermal fibroblasts with endogenous PIK3CA mutations and in wild type fibroblasts using mass spectrometry, and we measured downstream signalling events with ELISA and immunoblotting. Cellular proliferation was evaluated with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, and cell size assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Glycolysis and mitochondrial tests were performed with an extracellular flux analyser (Seahorse Bioscience, Billerica, MA, USA), and mitochondrial potential was measured by FACS-based JC1 staining. Experiments were repeated after exposure to 5 nmol everolimus for 72 h. FINDINGS Mutant fibroblasts had two times higher basal PIP3 concentrations than wild-type fibroblasts (p=0·0017), with concomitant AKT and p70S6 activation downstream. The rate of cellular proliferation was higher in mutant cells under low serum conditions, but median cell size was not statistically different. Glycolytic capacity was similar between mutant and wild type fibroblasts, but subtle differences in mitochondrial function were detected with blunted responses to uncoupling agents and reduced membrane potentials. Treatment with everolimus reversed aberrant AKT(ser473) and p70S6 signalling, slowed cellular proliferation, and reversed mitochondrial abnormalities, but was associated, paradoxically, with increases in PIP3 concentrations. INTERPRETATION These experiments demonstrate activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in affected fibroblasts with increased proliferation, but no hypertrophy. Moreover, we identified changes in mitochondrial function in keeping with the known propensity of AKT to modulate elements of the Warburg effect. These results suggest that inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) might be beneficial, but these inhibitors will require formal evaluation in clinical trials. More targeted therapy with p110α inhibitors is an enticing future option. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, Sackler Fund, National Instititute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E R Parker
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rachel G Knox
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Robert K Semple
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Schug ZT, Peck B, Jones DT, Zhang Q, Grosskurth S, Alam IS, Goodwin LM, Smethurst E, Mason S, Blyth K, McGarry L, James D, Shanks E, Kalna G, Saunders RE, Jiang M, Howell M, Lassailly F, Thin MZ, Spencer-Dene B, Stamp G, van den Broek NJF, Mackay G, Bulusu V, Kamphorst JJ, Tardito S, Strachan D, Harris AL, Aboagye EO, Critchlow SE, Wakelam MJO, Schulze A, Gottlieb E. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 promotes acetate utilization and maintains cancer cell growth under metabolic stress. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:57-71. [PMID: 25584894 PMCID: PMC4297291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A functional genomics study revealed that the activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) contributes to cancer cell growth under low-oxygen and lipid-depleted conditions. Comparative metabolomics and lipidomics demonstrated that acetate is used as a nutritional source by cancer cells in an ACSS2-dependent manner, and supplied a significant fraction of the carbon within the fatty acid and phospholipid pools. ACSS2 expression is upregulated under metabolically stressed conditions and ACSS2 silencing reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. ACSS2 exhibits copy-number gain in human breast tumors, and ACSS2 expression correlates with disease progression. These results signify a critical role for acetate consumption in the production of lipid biomass within the harsh tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Dylan T Jones
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Francois Lassailly
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Niels J F van den Broek
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Almut Schulze
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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31
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Read ML, Seed RI, Modasia B, Kwan PPK, Sharma N, Smith VE, Watkins RJ, Bansal S, Gagliano T, Stratford AL, Ismail T, Wakelam MJO, Kim DS, Ward ST, Boelaert K, Franklyn JA, Turnell AS, McCabe CJ. The proto-oncogene PBF binds p53 and is associated with prognostic features in colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2014; 55:15-26. [PMID: 25408419 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The PTTG1-binding factor (PBF) is a transforming gene capable of eliciting tumor formation in xenograft models. However, the precise role of PBF in tumorigenesis and its prognostic value as a cancer biomarker remain largely uncharacterised, particularly in malignancies outside the thyroid. Here, we provide the first evidence that PBF represents a promising prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Examination of a total of 39 patients demonstrated higher PBF expression at both the mRNA (P = 0.009) and protein (P < 0.0001) level in colorectal tumors compared to matched normal tissue. Critically, PBF was most abundant in colorectal tumors associated with Extramural Vascular Invasion (EMVI), increased genetic instability (GI) and somatic TP53 mutations, all features linked with recurrence and poorer patient survival. We further demonstrate by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation that PBF binds to the tumor suppressor protein p53, as well as to p53 mutants (Δ126-132, M133K, V197E, G245D, I255F and R273C) identified in the colorectal tumors. Importantly, overexpression of PBF in colorectal HCT116 cells interfered with the transcriptional activity of p53-responsive genes such as mdm2, p21 and sfn. Diminished p53 stability (> 90%; P < 0.01) was also evident with a concurrent increase in ubiquitinated p53. Human colorectal tumors with wild-type TP53 and high PBF expression also had low p53 protein levels (P < 0.05), further emphasizing a putative interaction between these genes in vivo. Overall, these results demonstrate an emerging role for PBF in colorectal tumorigenesis through regulating p53 activity, with implications for PBF as a prognostic indicator for invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Read
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert I Seed
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Bhavika Modasia
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Perkin P K Kwan
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil Sharma
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Vicki E Smith
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel J Watkins
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sukhchain Bansal
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Anna L Stratford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tariq Ismail
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dae S Kim
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen T Ward
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Centre for Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jayne A Franklyn
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK
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32
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Muinonen-Martin AJ, Susanto O, Zhang Q, Smethurst E, Faller WJ, Veltman DM, Kalna G, Lindsay C, Bennett DC, Sansom OJ, Herd R, Jones R, Machesky LM, Wakelam MJO, Knecht DA, Insall RH. Melanoma cells break down LPA to establish local gradients that drive chemotactic dispersal. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001966. [PMID: 25313567 PMCID: PMC4196730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of melanoma is caused by rapid spread of cancer cells, which occurs unusually early in tumour evolution. Unlike most solid tumours, thickness rather than cytological markers or differentiation is the best guide to metastatic potential. Multiple stimuli that drive melanoma cell migration have been described, but it is not clear which are responsible for invasion, nor if chemotactic gradients exist in real tumours. In a chamber-based assay for melanoma dispersal, we find that cells migrate efficiently away from one another, even in initially homogeneous medium. This dispersal is driven by positive chemotaxis rather than chemorepulsion or contact inhibition. The principal chemoattractant, unexpectedly active across all tumour stages, is the lipid agonist lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acting through the LPA receptor LPAR1. LPA induces chemotaxis of remarkable accuracy, and is both necessary and sufficient for chemotaxis and invasion in 2-D and 3-D assays. Growth factors, often described as tumour attractants, cause negligible chemotaxis themselves, but potentiate chemotaxis to LPA. Cells rapidly break down LPA present at substantial levels in culture medium and normal skin to generate outward-facing gradients. We measure LPA gradients across the margins of melanomas in vivo, confirming the physiological importance of our results. We conclude that LPA chemotaxis provides a strong drive for melanoma cells to invade outwards. Cells create their own gradients by acting as a sink, breaking down locally present LPA, and thus forming a gradient that is low in the tumour and high in the surrounding areas. The key step is not acquisition of sensitivity to the chemoattractant, but rather the tumour growing to break down enough LPA to form a gradient. Thus the stimulus that drives cell dispersal is not the presence of LPA itself, but the self-generated, outward-directed gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Muinonen-Martin
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
- The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Colin Lindsay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy C. Bennett
- Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Herd
- Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Jones
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David A. Knecht
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
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33
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Bensaad K, Favaro E, Lewis CA, Peck B, Lord S, Collins JM, Pinnick KE, Wigfield S, Buffa FM, Li JL, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, Karpe F, Schulze A, Harris AL. Fatty acid uptake and lipid storage induced by HIF-1α contribute to cell growth and survival after hypoxia-reoxygenation. Cell Rep 2014; 9:349-365. [PMID: 25263561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vivo model of antiangiogenic therapy allowed us to identify genes upregulated by bevacizumab treatment, including Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 (FABP3) and FABP7, both of which are involved in fatty acid uptake. In vitro, both were induced by hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. There was a significant lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in hypoxia that was time and O2 concentration dependent. Knockdown of endogenous expression of FABP3, FABP7, or Adipophilin (an essential LD structural component) significantly impaired LD formation under hypoxia. We showed that LD accumulation is due to FABP3/7-dependent fatty acid uptake while de novo fatty acid synthesis is repressed in hypoxia. We also showed that ATP production occurs via β-oxidation or glycogen degradation in a cell-type-dependent manner in hypoxia-reoxygenation. Finally, inhibition of lipid storage reduced protection against reactive oxygen species toxicity, decreased the survival of cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro, and strongly impaired tumorigenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bensaad
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Elena Favaro
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Simon Lord
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jennifer M Collins
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Simon Wigfield
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Almut Schulze
- Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adrian L Harris
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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34
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Liefhebber JMP, Hague CV, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, McLauchlan J. Modulation of triglyceride and cholesterol ester synthesis impairs assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21276-88. [PMID: 24917668 PMCID: PMC4118089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In hepatitis C virus infection, replication of the viral genome and virion assembly are linked to cellular metabolic processes. In particular, lipid droplets, which store principally triacylglycerides (TAGs) and cholesterol esters (CEs), have been implicated in production of infectious virus. Here, we examine the effect on productive infection of triacsin C and YIC-C8-434, which inhibit synthesis of TAGs and CEs by targeting long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, respectively. Our results present high resolution data on the acylglycerol and cholesterol ester species that were affected by the compounds. Moreover, triacsin C, which blocks both triglyceride and cholesterol ester synthesis, cleared most of the lipid droplets in cells. By contrast, YIC-C8-434, which only abrogates production of cholesterol esters, induced an increase in size of droplets. Although both compounds slightly reduced viral RNA synthesis, they significantly impaired assembly of infectious virions in infected cells. In the case of triacsin C, reduced stability of the viral core protein, which forms the virion nucleocapsid and is targeted to the surface of lipid droplets, correlated with lower virion assembly. In addition, the virus particles that were released from cells had reduced specific infectivity. YIC-C8-434 did not alter the association of core with lipid droplets but appeared to decrease production of infectious virus particles, suggesting a block in virion assembly. Thus, the compounds have antiviral properties, indicating that targeting synthesis of lipids stored in lipid droplets might be an option for therapeutic intervention in treating chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M P Liefhebber
- From the Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom and
| | - Charlotte V Hague
- From the Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom and
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - John McLauchlan
- From the Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom and
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35
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Rohwedder A, Zhang Q, Rudge SA, Wakelam MJO. Lipid droplet formation in response to oleic acid in Huh-7 cells is mediated by the fatty acid receptor FFAR4. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3104-15. [PMID: 24876224 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how changes in lipid droplet size and number are regulated - for example, it is not known whether this involves a signalling pathway or is directed by cellular lipid uptake. Here, we show that oleic acid stimulates lipid droplet formation by activating the long-chain fatty acid receptor FFAR4, which signals through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein signalling pathway involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), AKT (also known as protein kinase B) and phospholipase D (PLD) activities. This initial lipid droplet formation is not dependent upon exogenous lipid, whereas the subsequent more sustained increase in the number of lipid droplets is dependent upon lipid uptake. These two mechanisms of lipid droplet formation point to distinct potential intervention points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Rohwedder
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon A Rudge
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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36
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Wakelam MJO. The uses and limitations of the analysis of cellular phosphoinositides by lipidomic and imaging methodologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1102-7. [PMID: 24769341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of mass spectrometric methods has facilitated the determination of multiple molecular species of cellular lipid classes including the polyphosphoinositides, though to date methods to analyse and quantify each of the individual three PtdInsP and three PtdInsP2 species are lacking. The use of imaging methods has allowed intracellular localization of the phosphoinositide classes but this methodology does not determine the acyl structures. The range of molecular species suggests a greater complexity in polyphosphoinositide signaling than yet defined but elucidating this will require further method development to be achieved. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
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37
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Abstract
Lipidomic methodologies have developed such that determination in lipid species content of cells and tissues is increasingly achievable. Adoption of these methods is highlighting the physiological importance of individual lipid molecular species rather than changes in an overall lipid class. In this article the use of such methodologies is considered and the potential for understanding the importance of lipid changes in malignancy assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom.
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38
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Foster JM, Moreno P, Fabregat A, Hermjakob H, Steinbeck C, Apweiler R, Wakelam MJO, Vizcaíno JA. LipidHome: a database of theoretical lipids optimized for high throughput mass spectrometry lipidomics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61951. [PMID: 23667450 PMCID: PMC3646891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein sequence databases are the pillar upon which modern proteomics is supported, representing a stable reference space of predicted and validated proteins. One example of such resources is UniProt, enriched with both expertly curated and automatic annotations. Taken largely for granted, similar mature resources such as UniProt are not available yet in some other "omics" fields, lipidomics being one of them. While having a seasoned community of wet lab scientists, lipidomics lies significantly behind proteomics in the adoption of data standards and other core bioinformatics concepts. This work aims to reduce the gap by developing an equivalent resource to UniProt called 'LipidHome', providing theoretically generated lipid molecules and useful metadata. Using the 'FASTLipid' Java library, a database was populated with theoretical lipids, generated from a set of community agreed upon chemical bounds. In parallel, a web application was developed to present the information and provide computational access via a web service. Designed specifically to accommodate high throughput mass spectrometry based approaches, lipids are organised into a hierarchy that reflects the variety in the structural resolution of lipid identifications. Additionally, cross-references to other lipid related resources and papers that cite specific lipids were used to annotate lipid records. The web application encompasses a browser for viewing lipid records and a 'tools' section where an MS1 search engine is currently implemented. LipidHome can be accessed at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/apweiler-srv/lipidhome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Foster
- EMBL Outstation, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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39
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Liebisch G, Vizcaíno JA, Köfeler H, Trötzmüller M, Griffiths WJ, Schmitz G, Spener F, Wakelam MJO. Shorthand notation for lipid structures derived from mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1523-1530. [PMID: 23549332 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m033506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for a standardized, practical annotation for structures of lipid species derived from mass spectrometric approaches; i.e., for high-throughput data obtained from instruments operating in either high- or low-resolution modes. This proposal is based on common, officially accepted terms and builds upon the LIPID MAPS terminology. It aims to add defined levels of information below the LIPID MAPS nomenclature, as detailed chemical structures, including stereochemistry, are usually not automatically provided by mass spectrometric analysis. To this end, rules for lipid species annotation were developed that reflect the structural information derived from the analysis. For example, commonly used head group-specific analysis of glycerophospholipids (GP) by low-resolution instruments is neither capable of differentiating the fatty acids linked to the glycerol backbone nor able to define their bond type (ester, alkyl-, or alk-1-enyl-ether). This and other missing structural information is covered by the proposed shorthand notation presented here. Beyond GPs, we provide shorthand notation for fatty acids/acyls (FA), glycerolipids (GL), sphingolipids (SP), and sterols (ST). In summary, this defined shorthand nomenclature provides a standard methodology for reporting lipid species from mass spectrometric analysis and for constructing databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;.
| | | | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - William J Griffiths
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Spener
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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40
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Gaunt ER, Zhang Q, Cheung W, Wakelam MJO, Lever AML, Desselberger U. Lipidome analysis of rotavirus-infected cells confirms the close interaction of lipid droplets with viroplasms. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1576-1586. [PMID: 23515026 PMCID: PMC3709634 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) cause acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, and are globally distributed. Within the infected host cell, RVs establish replication complexes in viroplasms (‘viral factories’) to which lipid droplet organelles are recruited. To further understand this recently discovered phenomenon, the lipidomes of RV-infected and uninfected MA104 cells were investigated. Cell lysates were subjected to equilibrium ultracentrifugation through iodixanol gradients. Fourteen different classes of lipids were differentiated by mass spectrometry. The concentrations of virtually all lipids were elevated in RV-infected cells. Fractions of low density (1.11–1.15 g ml−1), in which peaks of the RV dsRNA genome and lipid droplet- and viroplasm-associated proteins were observed, contained increased amounts of lipids typically found concentrated in the cellular organelle lipid droplets, confirming the close interaction of lipid droplets with viroplasms. A decrease in the ratio of the amounts of surface to internal components of lipid droplets upon RV infection suggested that the lipid droplet–viroplasm complexes became enlarged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Gaunt
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Winsome Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ulrich Desselberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Domart MC, Hobday TMC, Peddie CJ, Chung GHC, Wang A, Yeh K, Jethwa N, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, Woscholski R, Byrne RD, Collinson LM, Poccia DL, Larijani B. Acute manipulation of diacylglycerol reveals roles in nuclear envelope assembly & endoplasmic reticulum morphology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51150. [PMID: 23227247 PMCID: PMC3515572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions and morphology of cellular membranes are intimately related and depend not only on their protein content but also on the repertoire of lipids that comprise them. In the absence of in vivo data on lipid asymmetry in endomembranes, it has been argued that motors, scaffolding proteins or integral membrane proteins rather than non-lamellar bilayer lipids such as diacylglycerol (DAG), are responsible for shaping of organelles, local membrane curvature and fusion. The effects of direct alteration of levels of such lipids remain predominantly uninvestigated. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a well documented second messenger. Here we demonstrate two additional conserved functions of DAG: a structural role in organelle morphology, and a role in localised extreme membrane curvature required for fusion for which proteins alone are insufficient. Acute and inducible DAG depletion results in failure of the nuclear envelope (NE) to reform at mitosis and reorganisation of the ER into multi-lamellar sheets as revealed by correlative light and electron microscopy and 3D reconstructions. Remarkably, depleted cells divide without a complete NE, and unless rescued by 1,2 or 1,3 DAG soon die. Attenuation of DAG levels by enzyme microinjection into echinoderm eggs and embryos also results in alterations of ER morphology and nuclear membrane fusion. Our findings demonstrate that DAG is an in vivo modulator of organelle morphology in mammalian and echinoderm cells, indicating a fundamental role conserved across the deuterostome superphylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Domart
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina M. C. Hobday
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Peddie
- Electron Microscopy Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary H. C. Chung
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Wang
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen Yeh
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nirmal Jethwa
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rudiger Woscholski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Byrne
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic L. Poccia
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Banafshé Larijani
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research United Kingdom, London, United Kingdom
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Pal A, Barber TM, Van de Bunt M, Rudge SA, Zhang Q, Lachlan KL, Cooper NS, Linden H, Levy JC, Wakelam MJO, Walker L, Karpe F, Gloyn AL. PTEN mutations as a cause of constitutive insulin sensitivity and obesity. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1002-11. [PMID: 22970944 PMCID: PMC4072504 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and genetic evidence links type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The tumor-suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) has roles in both cellular growth and metabolic signaling. Germline PTEN mutations cause a cancer-predisposition syndrome, providing an opportunity to study the effect of PTEN haploinsufficiency in humans. METHODS We measured insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in 15 PTEN mutation carriers and 15 matched controls. Insulin signaling was measured in muscle and adipose-tissue biopsy specimens from 5 mutation carriers and 5 well-matched controls. We also assessed the effect of PTEN haploinsufficiency on obesity by comparing anthropometric indexes between the 15 patients and 2097 controls from a population-based study of healthy adults. Body composition was evaluated by means of dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry and skinfold thickness. RESULTS Measures of insulin resistance were lower in the patients with a PTEN mutation than in controls (e.g., mean fasting plasma insulin level, 29 pmol per liter [range, 9 to 99] vs. 74 pmol per liter [range, 22 to 185]; P=0.001). This finding was confirmed with the use of hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamping, showing a glucose infusion rate among carriers 2 times that among controls (P=0.009). The patients' insulin sensitivity could be explained by the presence of enhanced insulin signaling through the PI3K-AKT pathway, as evidenced by increased AKT phosphorylation. The PTEN mutation carriers were obese as compared with population-based controls (mean body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 32 [range, 23 to 42] vs. 26 [range, 15 to 48]; P<0.001). This increased body mass in the patients was due to augmented adiposity without corresponding changes in fat distribution. CONCLUSIONS PTEN haploinsufficiency is a monogenic cause of profound constitutive insulin sensitization that is apparently obesogenic. We demonstrate an apparently divergent effect of PTEN mutations: increased risks of obesity and cancer but a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes owing to enhanced insulin sensitivity. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Pal
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lindhurst MJ, Parker VER, Payne F, Sapp JC, Rudge S, Harris J, Witkowski AM, Zhang Q, Groeneveld MP, Scott CE, Daly A, Huson SM, Tosi LL, Cunningham ML, Darling TN, Geer J, Gucev Z, Sutton VR, Tziotzios C, Dixon AK, Helliwell T, O'Rahilly S, Savage DB, Wakelam MJO, Barroso I, Biesecker LG, Semple RK. Mosaic overgrowth with fibroadipose hyperplasia is caused by somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA. Nat Genet 2012; 44:928-33. [PMID: 22729222 PMCID: PMC3461408 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway is critical for cellular growth and metabolism. Correspondingly, loss of function of PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K, or activating mutations in AKT1, AKT2 or AKT3 have been found in distinct disorders featuring overgrowth or hypoglycemia. We performed exome sequencing of DNA from unaffected and affected cells from an individual with an unclassified syndrome of congenital progressive segmental overgrowth of fibrous and adipose tissue and bone and identified the cancer-associated mutation encoding p.His1047Leu in PIK3CA, the gene that encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, only in affected cells. Sequencing of PIK3CA in ten additional individuals with overlapping syndromes identified either the p.His1047Leu alteration or a second cancer-associated alteration, p.His1047Arg, in nine cases. Affected dermal fibroblasts showed enhanced basal and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)) generation and concomitant activation of downstream signaling relative to their unaffected counterparts. Our findings characterize a distinct overgrowth syndrome, biochemically demonstrate activation of PI3K signaling and thereby identify a rational therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie J Lindhurst
- The National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rainero E, Caswell PT, Muller PAJ, Grindlay J, McCaffrey MW, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, Vousden KH, Graziani A, Norman JC. Diacylglycerol kinase α controls RCP-dependent integrin trafficking to promote invasive migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 196:277-95. [PMID: 22270919 PMCID: PMC3265946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid generation by DGK-α is essential for the localization of Rab11-coupling protein to invasive pseudopods and subsequent invasive migration by tumor cells. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin or expression of oncogenic mutants of p53 promote invasive cell migration by enhancing endosomal recycling of α5β1 integrin under control of the Rab11 effector Rab-coupling protein (RCP). In this paper, we show that diacylglycerol kinase α (DGK-α), which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid (PA), was required for RCP to be mobilized to and tethered at the tips of invasive pseudopods and to allow RCP-dependent α5β1 recycling and the resulting invasiveness of tumor cells. Expression of a constitutive-active mutant of DGK-α drove RCP-dependent invasion in the absence of mutant p53 expression or αvβ3 inhibition, and conversely, an RCP mutant lacking the PA-binding C2 domain was not capable of being tethered at pseudopod tips. These data demonstrate that generation of PA downstream of DGK-α is essential to connect expression of mutant p53s or inhibition of αvβ3 to RCP and for this Rab11 effector to drive the trafficking of α5β1 that is required for tumor cell invasion through three-dimensional matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, G61 1BD Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Wakelam MJO, Clark J. Methods for analyzing phosphoinositides using mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:758-62. [PMID: 21964281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyphosphoinositides are key signaling lipids whose levels are tightly regulated within cells. As with other cellular lipids multiple species exist with distinct acyl chain makeups. There are methods which analyze the phosphoinositides as their deacylated derivatives which cannot address these distinct forms. Lipidomic analysis of the polyphosphoinositides has been hampered by difficulties with extraction and problems associated with binding of the lipids to surfaces. This review outlines the available MS methodologies, highlighting the difficulties associated with each. However, at present, no single methodology is available that can successfully and reproducibly quantitate each inositol phospholipid.
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Norton LJ, Zhang Q, Saqib KM, Schrewe H, Macura K, Anderson KE, Lindsley CW, Brown HA, Rudge SA, Wakelam MJO. PLD1 rather than PLD2 regulates phorbol-ester-, adhesion-dependent and Fc{gamma}-receptor-stimulated ROS production in neutrophils. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:1973-83. [PMID: 21610093 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.082008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The signalling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) is generated by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is catalysed by phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes. Neutrophils, important cells of the innate immune system, maintain the body's defence against infection. Previous studies have implicated PLD-generated PA in neutrophil function; these have relied heavily on the use of primary alcohols to act as inhibitors of PA production. The recent development of isoform-selective small molecule inhibitors and the generation of a knockout mouse model provide us with accurate tools to study the role of PLDs in neutrophil responses. We show that PLD1 is a regulator of phorbol-ester-, chemoattractant, adhesion-dependent and Fcγ-receptor-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. Significantly we found that this role of PLD is isoform specific: the absence of PLD2 does not negatively affect these processes. Contrary to expectation, other functions required for an efficient immune response operate effectively in Pld2-deficient neutrophils or when both isoforms are inhibited pharmacologically. We conclude that although PLD1 does have important regulatory roles in neutrophils, the field has been confused by the use of primary alcohols; now that gold standard Pld-knockout mouse models are available, previous work might need to be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Norton
- The Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB223AT, UK
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Shimwell NJ, Wei W, Wilson S, Wakelam MJO, Ismail T, Iqbal T, Johnson PJ, Martin A, Ward DG. Assessment of novel combinations of biomarkers for the detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2011; 7:123-32. [PMID: 21263188 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-2010-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with colorectal cancer often present with advanced disease and concomitant poor prognosis. The best known serum biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is not recommended for screening because of its limited specificity and sensitivity. A number of other circulating proteins have been suggested to be diagnostically useful but individually none of these has proved to be of sufficient sensitivity or specificity to establish a role in routine clinical practice. Here, we test the hypothesis that combining several of these biomarkers will improve diagnostic efficacy. METHODS To select the markers for our model we screened CEA and 26 other candidate biomarkers. Four candidates were selected and their concentrations determined in the serum of 239 patients (106 colorectal cancer patients and 133 non-cancer subjects). RESULTS Class prediction models based on CEA, DR-70 and sCD26 produced a modest increase in detection accuracy over CEA alone, particularly for early stage cancers. The sensitivity and specificity required for a clinically useful test was not reached. CONCLUSION It is unlikely that a biomarker panel comprised of the currently available serum markers will generate a clinically useful diagnostic test for colorectal cancer. Our findings reiterate the urgent need to discover novel biomarkers for the detection of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Shimwell
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Kilbey A, Terry A, Jenkins A, Borland G, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, Cameron ER, Neil JC. Runx regulation of sphingolipid metabolism and survival signaling. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5860-9. [PMID: 20587518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Runx genes (Runx1, 2, and 3) regulate cell fate in development and can operate as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer. The oncogenic potential of ectopic Runx expression has been shown in transgenic mice that develop lymphoma in potent synergy with overexpressed Myc, and in established fibroblasts that display altered morphology and increased tumorigenicity. Candidate oncogenic functions of overexpressed Runx genes include resistance to apoptosis in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. In a search for gene targets responsible for this aspect of Runx phenotype, we have identified three key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism (Sgpp1, Ugcg, and St3gal5/Siat9) as direct targets for Runx transcriptional regulation in a manner consistent with survival and apoptosis resistance. Consistent with these changes in gene expression, mass spectrometric analysis showed that ectopic Runx reduces intracellular long-chain ceramides in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and elevated extracellular sphingosine 1 phosphate. Runx expression also opposed the activation of c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase and p38(MAPK), key mediators of ceramide-induced death, and suppressed the onset of apoptosis in response to exogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha. The survival advantage conferred by ectopic Runx could be partially recapitulated by exogenous sphingosine 1 phosphate and was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of p38(MAPK). These results reveal a novel link between transcription factor oncogenes and lipid signaling pathways involved in cancer cell survival and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kilbey
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Ludwig C, Ward DG, Martin A, Viant MR, Ismail T, Johnson PJ, Wakelam MJO, Günther UL. Fast targeted multidimensional NMR metabolomics of colorectal cancer. Magn Reson Chem 2009; 47 Suppl 1:S68-S73. [PMID: 19790200 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of small molecules in body fluids has become an important tool to monitor the state of biological organisms. Applications range from model studies using cell lines to applications where human body fluids are used to monitor disease states or drug responses. NMR spectroscopy has been an important tool for metabolomics although severe overlap of signals has limited the number of compounds, which can be unambiguously identified and quantified. Therefore, deconvolution of NMR spectra is one of the greatest challenges for NMR-based metabolomics. This has commonly been achieved by using multidimensional spectra that have the disadvantage of requiring significantly longer acquisition times. Recently, a number of methods have been described to record NMR spectra much faster. Here, we explore the use of Hadamard-encoded TOCSY spectra to simultaneously select multiple lines from crowded NMR spectra of blood serum samples to acquire pseudo-two-dimensional spectra in minutes which would otherwise require many hours. The potential of this approach is demonstrated for the detection of a signature for colorectal cancer from human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ludwig
- CR UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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50
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Wakelam MJO. Lipid systems and techniques. Introduction. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 462:3-4. [PMID: 19160657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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