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Ali S, Akhter MS, Waqas M, Zubair H, Bhatti HN, Mahal A, Shawky AM, Alkhouri A, Khera RA. End-capped engineering of Quinoxaline core-based non-fullerene acceptor materials with improved power conversion efficiency. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108699. [PMID: 38150839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Improving the light-harvesting efficiency and boosting open circuit voltage are crucial challenges for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells. This work introduces seven new molecules (SA1-SA7) to upgrade the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of Q-C-F molecule-based solar cells. All recently designed molecules have the same alkyl-substituted Quinoxaline core and CPDT donor but vary in the end-capped acceptor subunits. All the investigated molecules have revealed superior properties than the model (R) by having absorbance ranging from 681 nm to 782 nm in the gaseous medium while 726 nm-861 nm in chloroform solvent, with the lowest band gap ranging from 1.91 to 2.19 eV SA1 molecule demonstrated the highest λmax (861 nm) in chloroform solvent and the lowest band gap (1.91 eV). SA2 molecule has manifested highest dipole moment (4.5089 D), lower exciton binding energy in gaseous (0.33 eV) and chloroform solvent (0.47 eV), and lower charge mobility of hole (0.0077693) and electron (0.0042470). At the same time, SA7 showed the highest open circuit voltage (1.56 eV) and fill factor (0.9166) due to solid electron-pulling acceptor moieties. From these supportive outcomes, it is inferred that our computationally investigated molecules may be promising candidates to be used in advanced versions of OSCs in the upcoming period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P. O. Box 32028, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alkhouri
- College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Iqbal S, Ummara U, Noreen S, Akhter MS, Jaleel F, Jabeen S, Naz N, Wahid A, Alotaibi MO, Nour MM, Al-Qthanin RN, Aqeel M. Enhancing systematic tolerance in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) through amplified alkB gene expression and bacterial-driven hydrocarbon degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19871-19885. [PMID: 38368297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to access the impact of soil polluted with petroleum (5, 10 g petroleum kg-1 soil) on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) with and without applied bacterial inoculants (Arthrobacter oxydans ITRH49 and Pseudomonas sp. MixRI75). Both soil and seed were given bacterial inoculation. The evaluated morphological parameters of Bermuda grass were fresh and dry weight. The results demonstrated that applied bacterial inoculants enhanced 5.4%, 20%, 28% and 6.4%, 21%, and 29% shoot and root fresh/dry weights in Bermuda grass under controlled environment. The biochemical analysis of shoot and root was affected deleteriously by the 10 g petroleum kg-1 soil pollution. Microbial inoculants enhanced the activities of enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (ɑ-tocopherols, proline, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid) antioxidant to mitigate the toxic effects of ROS (H2O2) under hydrocarbon stressed condition. The maximum hydrocarbon degradation (75%) was recorded by Bermuda grass at 5 g petroleum kg-1 soil contamination. Moreover, bacterial persistence and alkane hydroxylase gene (alkB) abundance and expression were observed more in the root interior than in the rhizosphere and shoot interior of Bermuda grass. Subsequently, the microbe used a biological tool to propose that the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria would be the most favorable choice in petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil to conquer the abiotic stress in plants and the effective removal of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Science, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ume Ummara
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Noreen
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Farrukh Jaleel
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Jabeen
- Department of Environmental Science, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudawi M Nour
- Nurseries Department, Habitat Regeneration and Landscaping, Wildlife and Natural Heritage, Royal Commission for AlUla, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah N Al-Qthanin
- Prince Sultan Bin-Abdul-Aziz Center for Environment and Tourism Studies and Researches, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Akhter MS, Noreen S, Ummara U, Aqeel M, Saleem N, Ahmed MM, Mahmood S, Athar HUR, Alyemeni MN, Kaushik P, Ahmad P. Silicon-Induced Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), Associated with Enhanced Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Activities. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2379. [PMID: 36145782 PMCID: PMC9503217 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress obstructs plant's growth by affecting metabolic processes, ion homeostasis and over-production of reactive oxygen species. In this regard silicon (Si) has been known to augment a plant's antioxidant defense system to combat adverse effects of salinity stress. In order to quantify the Si-mediated salinity tolerance, we studied the role of Si (200 ppm) applied through rooting media on antioxidant battery system of barley genotypes; B-10008 (salt-tolerant) and B-14011 (salt-sensitive) subjected to salt stress (200 mM NaCl). A significant decline in the accumulation of shoot (35-74%) and root (30-85%) biomass was observed under salinity stress, while Si application through rooting media enhancing biomass accumulation of shoots (33-49%) and root (32-37%) under salinity stress. The over-accumulation reactive oxygen species i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an inevitable process resulting into lipid peroxidation, which was evident by enhanced malondialdehyde levels (13-67%) under salinity stress. These events activated a defense system, which was marked by higher levels of total soluble proteins and uplifted activities of antioxidants enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) and non-enzymatic (α-tocopherol, total phenolics, AsA, total glutathione, GSH, GSSG and proline) in roots and leaves under salinity stress. The Si application through rooting media further strengthened the salt stressed barley plant's defense system by up-regulating the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant in order to mitigate excessive H2O2 efficiently. The results revealed that although salt-tolerant genotype (B-10008) was best adopted to tolerate salt stress, comparably the response of salt-sensitive genotype (B-14011) was more prominent (accumulation of antioxidant) after application of Si through rooting media under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (N.S.); (S.M.); (H.-u.-R.A.)
| | - Sibgha Noreen
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (N.S.); (S.M.); (H.-u.-R.A.)
| | - Ume Ummara
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Nawishta Saleem
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (N.S.); (S.M.); (H.-u.-R.A.)
| | | | - Seema Mahmood
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (N.S.); (S.M.); (H.-u.-R.A.)
| | - Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (N.S.); (S.M.); (H.-u.-R.A.)
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Ummara U, Noreen S, Afzal M, Zafar ZU, Akhter MS, Iqbal S, Hefft DI, Kazi M, Ahmad P. Induced systemic tolerance mediated by plant-microbe interaction in maize (Zea mays L.) plants under hydrocarbon contamination. Chemosphere 2022; 290:133327. [PMID: 34929274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was committed to examining the effect of soil spiked with diesel contamination (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 g diesel kg-1 soil) on maize (Zea mays L) varieties (MMRI yellow and Pearl white) with or without bacterial consortium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRRI54, Acinetobacter sp. strain BRSI56, Acinetobacter sp. strain ACRH80). Seed and soil bacterial inoculation were done. The studied morphological attributes were fresh and dry weight of shoot and root of both maize varieties. The results documented that bacterial consortium caused 21%, 0.06% and 29%, 34% higher shoot and root fresh/dry weights in "Pearl white" and 14%, 15% and 32%, 22% shoot and root fresh/dry weights respectively in MMRI yellow under control conditions. The biochemical attributes of shoot and root were affected negatively by the 3.5 g diesel kg-1 soil contamination. Bacterial consortium enhanced enzymatic activity (APX, CAT, POD, SOD, GR) and non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH, Pro, α-Toco) antioxidant and reduction in oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA) under hydrocarbon stress as compared to non-inoculated ones in both root and shoot organs. Among both varieties, the highest hydrocarbon removal (75, 64, and 69%) was demonstrated by MMRI yellow with bacterial consortium as compare to Pearl white showed 73, 57, 65% hydrocarbon degradation at 1.5 2.5, 3.5 g diesel kg-1 soil contamination. Consequently, the microbe mediated biotransformation of hydrocarbons suggested that the use of PGPB would be the most beneficial selection in diesel fuel contaminated soil to overcome the abiotic stress in plants and successfully remediation of hydrocarbon in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ume Ummara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Noreen
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Iqbal
- Department of Environment Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- Department of Food Sciences, University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich, CW5 6DF, UK.
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Aqeel M, Khalid N, Tufail A, Ahmad RZ, Akhter MS, Luqman M, Javed MT, Irshad MK, Alamri S, Hashem M, Noman A. Elucidating the distinct interactive impact of cadmium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis, metal-homeostasis, and yield responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:27376-27390. [PMID: 33507502 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with heavy metals (HMs) caused serious problems because plants tend to absorb HMs from the soil. In view of HM hazards to plants as well as agro-ecosystems, we executed this study to assess metal toxicity to mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants cultivated in soil with six treatment levels of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) and to find metal tolerant variety, i.e., M-93 (V1) and M-1(V2) with multifarious plant biochemical and physiological attributes. Increasing doses of Cd and Ni inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis and both varieties showed highly significant differences in the morpho-physiological attributes. V2 showed sensitivity to Cd and Ni treatments alone or in combination. Tolerance indices for attributes presented a declined growth of Vigna plants under HM stress accompanied by highly significant suppression in gas exchange characteristics. Of single element applications, the adverse effects on mung bean were more pronounced in Cd treatments. V1 showed much reduction in photosynthesis attributes except sub-stomatal CO2 concentration in all treatments compared to V2. The yield attributes, i.e., seed yield/plant and 100-seed weight, were progressively reduced in T5 for both varieties. In combination, we have observed increased mobility of Cd and Ni in both varieties. The results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) generally increased in all the treatments for both varieties compared to control. V2 exhibited less soluble sugars and free amino acids compared to V1 in all the treatments. Similarly, we recorded an enhanced total free amino acid contents in both varieties among all the metal treatments against control plants. We conclude that combinatorial treatment proved much lethal for Vigna plants, but V1 performed better than V2 in counteracting the adverse effects of Cd and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Aasma Tufail
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana Zaheer Ahmad
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Environmental Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Saad Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sultan Ben Abdulaziz Center for Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Environmental Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Aqeel M, Khalid N, Tufail A, Ahmad RZ, Akhter MS, Luqman M, Javed MT, Irshad MK, Alamri S, Hashem M, Noman A. Correction to: Elucidating the distinct interactive impact of cadmium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis, metal-homeostasis, and yield responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:27391. [PMID: 33620689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Aasma Tufail
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana Zaheer Ahmad
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sultan Ben Abdulaziz Center for Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Noreen S, Sultan M, Akhter MS, Shah KH, Ummara U, Manzoor H, Ulfat M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Foliar fertigation of ascorbic acid and zinc improves growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and harvest index in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 158:244-254. [PMID: 33221118 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is limited by several environmental constraints. Among these, salt stress plays a key role in limiting the growth and yield production of economically important agricultural crops. However, the exogenous fertigation of vitamins and minerals could serve as a "shot-gun" approach for offsetting the deleterious effects of salts present in the rhizosphere. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to quantify the efficacy of foliar fertigation of ascorbic acid (vitamin-C) and zinc (Zn) on the physio-biochemical attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Genotype B-14011) grown in a saline environment. The salt stress resulted in a reduced biological yield associated with a decrease in chlorophyll pigment, while a significant enhancement in Na+ and Zn2+ was observed under salinity stress. Similarly, the contents of total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, lipid peroxidation, and H2O2 and the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX and proline) were significantly enhanced under salinity stress. Moreover, salinity negatively affected the yield attributes and ion uptake of plants. However, foliar fertigation with AsA +0.03% Zn enhanced vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, synchronized ion uptake, the synthesis of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the harvest index. It is inferred from this study that among all treatments, the effect of foliar fertigation with the AsA+0.03% Zn combination not only improved the salt stress tolerance but also improved the yield attributes, which will aid in the improvement in barley seed yield and is a step to solve the problem of malnutrition through biofortification of vitamin-C and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Noreen
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Maham Sultan
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Akhter
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Hussain Shah
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ume Ummara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mobina Ulfat
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Rashid N, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Memon RA, Akhter MS, Malik K, Malik NZ, Sultana S, Shah SN. Seed morphology: An addition to the taxonomy of Astragaleae and Trifolieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoidae) from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:1053-1062. [PMID: 33278314 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Seed morphology was described in detail for 12 species belonging to 5 genera of tribes Astragaleae and Trifolieae (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the taxonomic relevance of macromorphological and micromorphological seed characters. The study aims to search for diagnostic seed ultrastructural features that may help to elucidate species identification. For SEM analysis, seed morphological characters including seed form and shape, color and size, ornamentation, epidermal cell shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were investigated. As a result of the study, species-specific characters have been determined. Based on seed exomorphology, three characteristic cell patterns; irregular, round, and flat were observed. In majority of studied taxa, species may be further differentiated based on seed shape, size, and surface ornamentation. The inconsistency in testa cell pattern, shape, and distribution of papillae or protuberances may probably give further insight and significant morphological features at specific and generic level within the tribe. This study illustrated that considerable taxonomic knowledge can be obtained by examining the seed characters of Astragaleae and Trifolieae, particularly at the species level. The results demonstrated that the use of SEM in seed morphology could play a role in the identification of taxa particularly at genus and species level. Twelve species of Astragaleae and Trifolieae were studied in order to describe and investigate the seed morphology and to evaluate the diagnostic value of this character using a SEM. A broader taxon sampling is required for classification at generic and tribal level, besides molecular and phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Rashid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Asma Memon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Zahid Malik
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Akhter MS, Holkar SK, Akanda AM, Mandal B, Jain RK. First Report of Groundnut bud necrosis virus in Tomato in Bangladesh. Plant Dis 2012; 96:917. [PMID: 30727397 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-12-0199-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An unusual disease of tomato characterized by leaf mottling and necrotic streaks on veins, shortened internodes, necrosis of terminal buds, and concentric rings on fruits was observed during 2010 to 2011 surveys in tomato growing regions of Godagari Upzila, Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Disease incidence in popularly grown F1 hybrid cultivars, which include Sobal, Abhiruchi, Salamat, Bangobir, and BARI hybrid tomato-5 and -6 in about 40 commercial fields, ranged from 40 to 90%. Extracts from the field samples (n = 10) reacted with polyclonal antiserum to Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) in direct antigen coated ELISA, suggesting the association of a tospovirus antigenically related to serogroup IV topsovirus (1). To identify whether the tospovirus was a distinct virus species, ELISA-positive samples were subjected to total RNA extraction with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA) followed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with tospovirus-specific primers (5'-ATGGTTGAAAAGAGCAAGAATGATGC-3') and degenerate primer (5'-CTTCTTATGAAGTGTACTCACCATAAGTCATCC-3') derived from the conserved sequences of GBNV, Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), and Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) (2). The RT-PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced at Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, Delhi, India (GenBank Accession No. JQ692083). The sequences of cloned fragments were assembled. Analysis of the 477-bp region of the nucleocapsid protein (N) gene revealed that the tomato tospovirus shared maximum identity both at the nucleotide (96%) and amino acid (97%) levels with the corresponding region of GBNV. In contrast, only 78 to 81% and 85 to 87% identity at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, was observed with the corresponding region of the N genes of CaCV, WBNV, and Watermelon silver mottle virus. These results suggested the association of GBNV with the diseased tomato samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GBNV infecting tomato in Bangladesh and regular surveys are necessary to ascertain the prevalence and incidence of GBNV in other crops. References: (1) R. K. Jain et al. J. Virol. Methods 130:162, 2005. (2) M. Tsompana and J. W. Moyer. Tospovirus. Page 157 in: Encyclopedia of Virology. Academic Press, New York, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Akhter
- Fruit Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - S K Holkar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - A M Akanda
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - B Mandal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - R K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
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Rahman MM, Akhter S, Akhter MS, Karim BA. Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. Mymensingh Med J 2004; 13:67-70. [PMID: 14747790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This was a prospective analytical study done from October'99 through December 2000 to observe the clinical profile of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. Sixty epileptic children with cerebral palsy were studied and their results were compared with the results of epilepsy in 30 developmentally normal children. Ages of all children studied were 1-15 years. Majority were below five years of age and male out numbered female. Spastic quadriplegia (60%) was the commonest type of cerebral palsy. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (66%) was the commonest seizure type in both groups. Second most common type of seizure was partial (13%) and myoclonic (29%) in developmentally normal and cerebral palsy children respectively. Mental retardation (63%) and speech delay (58%) were the two common associated problems in cerebral palsy patients. Ventriculomegaly (55%) was the commonest computed tomographic findings in cerebral palsy patients. In electro encephalography generalized epileptiform activity was the commonest finding in both groups. Clinical pattern is different in many ways when epilepsy is associated with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rahman
- Department of Paediatrics, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Mahmud RT, Akhter MS. Effect of cimetidine, ranitidine and tiotidine on plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 1995; 8:45-50. [PMID: 16414766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was carried out to study the comparative effects of cimetidine, ranitidine and tiotidine on the plasma levels of testosterone and luetinizing hormone under local conditions. The three H(2)-blocking drugs were injected to the adult male albino rats twice daily at the recommended therapeutic dose levels for six weeks. The data obtained showed that only tiotidine caused a significant (<0.05) increase in the level of testosterone. However, all the three drugs caused a significant rise in the levels of luteinizing hormone with the most active ranitidine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad
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Akhter MS, Savior JF, Akhter IA, Deacon JS. Fetal exsanguination associated with antepartum hemorrhage. Can Med Assoc J 1978; 118:651-2, 657. [PMID: 657057 PMCID: PMC1818051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal bleeding in utero is infrequent. It is usually life-threatening but can be treated successfully in most cases if recognized early. Four cases are described and it is suggested that screening for fetal blood be done in all instances of antepartum hemorrhage.
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Akhter MS, Akhter IA. The value of intensive care obstetric and neonatal (perinatal) units. J PAK MED ASSOC 1977; 27:278-80. [PMID: 408532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Akhter MS, Savior JF, Akhter IA. Respiratory distress syndrome and the value of amniotic fluid phospholipids in predicting such complications before birth. J PAK MED ASSOC 1977; 27:256-8. [PMID: 408527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The amniotic fluid study of 80 samples from 40 patients, obtained by amniocentesis between 28 and 40 weeks of pregnancy, was carried out. It was noted that L/S (Lecithin/Sphingomyelin) ratio was significantly different at 36-38 weeks of pregnancy when compared with values in pregnancies of less than 36 weeks gestation (P less than 0001). No cases of RDS occurred when the L/S ratio was mature 4 or more. A brief review of recent developments in etiology of RDS are also presented.
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Akhter MS. The use of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. J PAK MED ASSOC 1976; 26:64-7. [PMID: 819676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advantages of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool are many. The patient experiences no discomfort, nor does she feel any sensation. The patient can be examined without moving from her bed. Unlike x-ray, there is no danger of exposing the fetus and the mother to adverse effects of radiation. Its application in determination of fetal death, early in pregnancy, diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and localization of the placenta in cases of antepartum hemorrhage are only some of the obvious applications of this method.
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Akhter MS, Bhide NK. A note on PAM--an antidote for organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Indian Pediatr 1973; 10:563-4. [PMID: 4786237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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