1
|
Kim MJ, Kim JH, Jung JH, Kim SE, Kim HS, Jang MK, Park SH, Lee MS, Suk KT, Kim DJ, Choi EK, Park JW. Serum S100B Levels in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030333. [PMID: 36766438 PMCID: PMC9914222 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the main complications of liver cirrhosis (LC) and is classified into minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and overt hepatic encephalopathy (overt HE). S100B is expressed mainly in astrocytes and other glial cells, and S100B has been reported to be associated with various neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic ability of serum S100B to discriminate the grade of HE and the parameters correlated with serum S100B levels. Additionally, we investigated whether serum S100B levels can be used to predict 1-year mortality in cirrhotic patients. In total, 95 cirrhotic patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into the following three groups: (i) without any types of HEs; (ii) with MHE; and (iii) with overt HE. The diagnosis of MHE was made by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). Among the three groups, there were no significant differences in serum S100B levels regardless of HE severity. The clinical parameters correlated with serum S100B levels were age, serum bilirubin, and creatinine levels. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score showed a significant positive correlation with serum S100B levels. The relationship between serum S100B levels and MELD score was maintained in 48 patients without any type of HE. Additionally, hyperammonemia, low cholesterol levels, and the combination of serum S100B levels ≥ 35 pg/mL with MELD score ≥ 13 were factors for predicting 1- year mortality. In conclusion, serum S100B level was not useful for differentiating the severity of HE. However, we found that serum S100B levels can be affected by age, serum bilirubin, and creatinine in cirrhotic patients and are associated with MELD scores. Additionally, serum S100B levels showed the possibility of predicting 1-year mortality in cirrhotic patients. These findings suggest that serum S100B levels may reflect liver dysfunction and prognosis in liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Han Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Su Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Sakju-ro, Chuncheon-si 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Sakju-ro, Chuncheon-si 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14068, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3705
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ko DG, Park JW, Kim JH, Jung JH, Kim HS, Suk KT, Jang MK, Park SH, Lee MS, Kim DJ, Kim SE. Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio: A Feasible Biomarker for Pyogenic Liver Abscess. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102556. [PMID: 36292245 PMCID: PMC9600737 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) has been reported to predict the severity of patients with various diseases. However, no previous studies have assessed the use of the PWR as a prognostic marker for pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA). This observational retrospective study was performed between January 2008 and December 2017, including 833 patients with PLA from multiple centers. The enrolled patients, on average, had a PWR of 17.05, and 416 patients had a PWR lower than 17.05. A total of 260 patients (31.2%) with PLA showed complications of metastatic infection, pleural effusion and abscess rupture. A low PWR level was identified as a strong risk factor for metastatic infection and pleural effusion. The low PWR group also had a longer hospital stay. In the multivariate analysis, old age, anemia, albumin and CRP levels and unidentified pathogens were significant factors for low PWR levels. A low PWR, old age, male sex, abscess size, albumin, ALP and unidentified causative pathogens showed significant associations with a hospital stay longer than 28 days. As a result, PLA patients presenting with a low PWR were shown to have more complications and a poor prognosis. Considering its cost-effectiveness, PWR could be a novel biomarker used to predict a prognosis of PLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gyun Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 Beon-gil, Anyang-si 14068, Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong-si 18450, Korea
| | - Jang-Han Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong-si 18450, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Su Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Seoul 05355, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Chuncheon-si 24253, Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Seoul 05355, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Seoul 07441, Korea
| | - Myung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Seoul 07441, Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Chuncheon-si 24253, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 Beon-gil, Anyang-si 14068, Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3708
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park JW, Kim JH, Kim SE, Jung JH, Jang MK, Park SH, Lee MS, Kim HS, Suk KT, Kim DJ. Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Knowledge of Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061288. [PMID: 35740310 PMCID: PMC9220082 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiopathies encompass various biliary diseases affecting the biliary epithelium, resulting in cholestasis, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately liver cirrhosis. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are the most important progressive cholangiopathies in adults. Much research has broadened the scope of disease biology to genetic risk, epigenetic changes, dysregulated mucosal immunity, altered biliary epithelial cell function, and dysbiosis, all of which interact and arise in the context of ill-defined environmental triggers. An in-depth understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these cholestatic diseases will help clinicians better prevent and treat diseases. In this review, we focus on the main underlying mechanisms of disease initiation and progression, and novel targeted therapeutics beyond currently approved treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Jang Han Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Myung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
| | - Hyoung-Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-E.K.); (J.H.J.); (M.-K.J.); (S.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.); (H.-S.K.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-240-5646
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim SE, Park JW, Kim HS, Jang MK, Suk KT, Kim DJ. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111680. [PMID: 34769109 PMCID: PMC8584227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an important syndrome of liver failure that has a high risk of short-term mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. The development of ACLF is associated with proinflammatory precipitating events, such as infection, alcoholic hepatitis, and intense systemic inflammation. Recently, the role of the gut microbiome has increasingly emerged in human health and disease. Additionally, the gut microbiome might have a major role in the development of liver disease. In this review, we examine evidence to support the role of gut dysbiosis in cirrhosis and ACLF. Additionally, we explore the mechanism by which the gut microbiome contributes to the development of ACLF, with a focus on alcohol-induced liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (J.W.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.-K.J.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (J.W.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.-K.J.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (J.W.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.-K.J.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (J.W.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.-K.J.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (J.W.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.-K.J.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (J.W.P.); (H.S.K.); (M.-K.J.); (K.T.S.)
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82–33–240–5646
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim SE, Park JW, Kim MJ, Jang B, Jeon YC, Kim HJ, Ishigami A, Kim HS, Suk KT, Kim DJ, Park CK, Choi EK, Jang MK. Accumulation of citrullinated glial fibrillary acidic protein in a mouse model of bile duct ligation-induced hepatic fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201744. [PMID: 30071078 PMCID: PMC6072123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play pivotal roles in hepatic fibrosis as they synthesize glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is increased in activated HSCs. GFAP-expressing HSCs and myofibroblasts accumulate in and around hepatic fibrosis lesions. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) is responsible for the citrullination of GFAP (cit-GFAP). However, the involvement of PAD2 and cit-GFAP in hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. To determine the expression of PAD2 and cit-GFAP in hepatic fibrosis, C57BL/6 mice underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) or a sham operation. In BDL livers, the expression of PAD2 and its enzyme activity were significantly increased compared with controls. In addition, PAD2-postitive cells were rarely observed in only the portal vein and the small bile duct in sham-operated livers, whereas an increased number of PAD2-positive cells were detected in the bile duct and Glisson’s sheath in BDL livers. Interestingly, PAD2 was colocalized with α-SMA-positive cells and CK19-positive cells in BDL livers, indicating upregulated PAD2 in activated HSCs and portal fibroblasts of the livers of BDL mice. We also found that citrullinated proteins were highly accumulated in the livers of BDL mice compared with controls. Moreover, the expression level of GFAP and the amount of cit-GFAP were higher in BDL livers than in control livers. In correlation with PAD2 localization, cit-GFAP was observed in α-SMA-positive and CK19-positive cells in the livers of BDL mice. These results suggest that the increased expression and activation of PAD2 along with increased citrullinated proteins, specifically cit-GFAP, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Jong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Jeon
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Kee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MKJ); (EKC)
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MKJ); (EKC)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee D, Jang MK, Seo JH, Ryu SH, Kim JA, Chung YH. ARD1/NAA10 in hepatocellular carcinoma: pathways and clinical implications. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30054466 PMCID: PMC6063946 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a representative example of a malignancy with a poor prognosis, is characterized by high mortality because it is typically in an advanced stage at diagnosis and leaves very little hepatic functional reserve. Despite advances in medical and surgical techniques, there is no omnipotent tool that can diagnose HCC early and then cure it medically or surgically. Several recent studies have shown that a variety of pathways are involved in the development, growth, and even metastasis of HCC. Among a variety of cytokines or molecules, some investigators have suggested that arrest-defective 1 (ARD1), an acetyltransferase, plays a key role in the development of malignancies. Although ARD1 is thought to be centrally involved in the cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation, the role of ARD1 and its potential mechanistic involvement in HCC remain unclear. Here, we review the present literature on ARD1. First, we provide an overview of the essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanisms or pathways of ARD1 in HCC. Next, we discuss potential clinical implications and perspectives. We hope that, by providing new insights into ARD1, this review will help to guide the next steps in the development of markers for the early detection and prognosis of HCC. A protein that is highly expressed in cancer with extensive blood vessel development may provide a potential biomarker for early-stage liver cancer. Liver cancer is often not diagnosed until it is advanced and is also hard to be cured despite of advances in treatment, meaning patients often die from the disease. No tools for early detection or prognosis prediction exist, and scientists are keen to find useful biomarker molecules. Young-Hwa Chung at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, and co-workers in South Korea reviewed recent research into one possible cancer-related protein, arrest-defective 1 (ARD1), known to be highly expressed in certain cancers and possibly associated with poor prognosis. While ARD1 appears to regulate pathways critical to cancer progression and promote cancer cell invasiveness, further in-depth investigations are needed to clarify its specific role in liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caviglia JM, Yan J, Jang MK, Gwak GY, Affo S, Yu L, Olinga P, Friedman RA, Chen X, Schwabe RF. MicroRNA-21 and Dicer are dispensable for hepatic stellate cell activation and the development of liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2018; 67:2414-2429. [PMID: 29091291 PMCID: PMC5930143 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibrosis and cancer represent two major complications of chronic liver disease. MicroRNAs have been implicated in the development of fibrosis and cancer, thus constituting potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21), a microRNA that has been implicated in the development of fibrosis in multiple organs and has also been suggested to act as an "oncomir." Accordingly, miR-21 was the microRNA that showed the strongest up-regulation in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in multiple models of fibrogenesis, with an 8-fold to 24-fold induction compared to quiescent HSCs. However, miR-21 antisense inhibition did not suppress the activation of murine or human HSCs in culture or in liver slices. Moreover, genetic deletion of miR-21 in two independently generated knockout mice or miR-21 antisense inhibition did not alter HSC activation or liver fibrosis in models of toxic and biliary liver injury. Despite a strong up-regulation of miR-21 in injury-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and in cholangiocarcinoma, miR-21 deletion or antisense inhibition did not reduce the development of liver tumors. As inhibition of the most up-regulated microRNA did not affect HSC activation, liver fibrosis, or fibrosis-associated liver cancer, we additionally tested the role of microRNAs in HSCs by HSC-specific Dicer deletion. Although Dicer deletion decreased microRNA expression in HSCs and altered the expression of select genes, it only exerted negligible effects on HSC activation and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of miR-21 does not inhibit the development of liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Moreover, suppression of microRNA synthesis does not significantly affect HSC phenotype and activation. (Hepatology 2018;67:2414-2429).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, TJ 300192, China
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, 05355, South Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Silvia Affo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lexing Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee EJ, Seo JH, Park JH, Vo TTL, An S, Bae SJ, Le H, Lee HS, Wee HJ, Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Jang MK, Ryu SH, Yu E, Jang SH, Park ZY, Kim KW. SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68517-68529. [PMID: 28978134 PMCID: PMC5620274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by acetylation, which promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. SAMHD1 is acetylated at residue lysine 405 (K405) in vitro and in vivo by an acetylatransferase, arrest defective protein 1 (ARD1). Acetylated SAMHD1 wildtype proteins have enhanced dNTPase activity in vitro, whereas non-acetylated arginine substituted mutants (K405R) do not. K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. SAMHD1 acetylation levels are strongest during the G1 phase, indicating a role during G1 phase. Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, SAMHD1 acetylation may be a potent therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sunho An
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hoang Le
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Shin Lee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Wee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | | | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul 04551, Korea
| | - Ensil Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Se Hwan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jang MK, Kim HS, Chung YH. Clinical aspects of tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:2799-808. [PMID: 23944370 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates a variety of signaling pathways implicated in inflammation, immunity, cell death (apoptosis), cell survival (anti-apoptosis), and even tumorigenesis. TNF-α is predominantly produced by macrophages (or Kupffer cells within the liver), but generated by lymphoid cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells to some degree. In the liver, TNF-α not only serves as a key mediator of hepatocyte apoptosis resulting in the liver damage, but also plays an important role in cellular proliferation leading to liver regeneration or even hepatocarcinogenesis. TNF-α may indirectly contribute to carcinogenesis via various inflammatory conditions such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and chronic viral hepatitis. On the one hand, in inflammation, TNF-α induces apoptosis repeatedly and subsequently enhances the chance of formation of anomalous cells during the process of regeneration and dysplasia. On the other hand, TNF-α exerts as an anti-angiogenic factor depending on its concentration. It shows an anti-tumorous effect by increasing vascular permeability in the tumors. When it is perfused in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs using isolated hepatic infusion, TNF-α may increase the responsiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic cancers to anti-cancer agents as isolated limb perfusion methods in an unresectable soft tissue sarcoma or melanoma. This article reviews the TNF-α signaling pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis and the new challenge of TNF-α as a new therapeutic strategy in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pradere JP, Kluwe J, De Minicis S, Jiao JJ, Gwak GY, Dapito DH, Jang MK, Guenther ND, Mederacke I, Friedman R, Dragomir AC, Aloman C, Schwabe RF. Hepatic macrophages but not dendritic cells contribute to liver fibrosis by promoting the survival of activated hepatic stellate cells in mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:1461-73. [PMID: 23553591 PMCID: PMC3848418 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although it is well established that hepatic macrophages play a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Moreover, it is not known whether other mononuclear phagocytes such as dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. We show for the first time that hepatic macrophages enhance myofibroblast survival in a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent manner and thereby promote liver fibrosis. Microarray and pathway analysis revealed no induction of HSC activation pathways by hepatic macrophages but a profound activation of the NF-κB pathway in HSCs. Conversely, depletion of mononuclear phagocytes during fibrogenesis in vivo resulted in suppressed NF-κB activation in HSCs. Macrophage-induced activation of NF-κB in HSCs in vitro and in vivo was mediated by interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Notably, IL-1 and TNF did not promote HSC activation but promoted survival of activated HSCs in vitro and in vivo and thereby increased liver fibrosis, as demonstrated by neutralization in coculture experiments and genetic ablation of IL-1 and TNF receptor in vivo. Coculture and in vivo ablation experiments revealed only a minor contribution to NF-κB activation in HSCs by DCs, and no contribution of DCs to liver fibrosis development, respectively. CONCLUSION Promotion of NF-κB-dependent myofibroblast survival by macrophages but not DCs provides a novel link between inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pradere
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
,Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuele De Minicis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ancona, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jing-Jing Jiao
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dianne H. Dapito
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nina D. Guenther
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingmar Mederacke
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Friedman
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ana-Cristina Dragomir
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dapito DH, Mencin A, Gwak GY, Pradere JP, Jang MK, Mederacke I, Caviglia JM, Khiabanian H, Adeyemi A, Bataller R, Lefkowitch JH, Bower M, Friedman R, Sartor RB, Rabadan R, Schwabe RF. Promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma by the intestinal microbiota and TLR4. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:504-16. [PMID: 22516259 PMCID: PMC3332000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 901] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased translocation of intestinal bacteria is a hallmark of chronic liver disease and contributes to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Here we tested the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a long-term consequence of chronic liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocarcinogenesis in chronically injured livers depended on the intestinal microbiota and TLR4 activation in non-bone-marrow-derived resident liver cells. TLR4 and the intestinal microbiota were not required for HCC initiation but for HCC promotion, mediating increased proliferation, expression of the hepatomitogen epiregulin, and prevention of apoptosis. Gut sterilization restricted to late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis reduced HCC, suggesting that the intestinal microbiota and TLR4 represent therapeutic targets for HCC prevention in advanced liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne H Dapito
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee SH, Chung YH, Kim JA, Lee D, Jin YJ, Shim JH, Jang MK, Cho EY, Shin ES, Lee JE, Park NH, Yu E, Lee YJ. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with metastatic tumour antigen 1 overexpression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2012; 32:457-66. [PMID: 22098246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Metastatic tumour antigen 1 (MTA1) promotes angiogenesis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is closely associated with frequent postoperative recurrence and poor survival in patients with HCC. In this study, we determined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiogenesis-related genes that are associated with MTA1 overexpression in HCC tissues. METHODS A total of 376 patients with HCC who had received curative surgical resection or liver transplantation were enrolled (312/21/43; HBV/HCV/NBNC). MTA1 expression was determined via immunohistochemistry. Thirty-three common SNPs sites (frequency ≥5%) in the angiogenic protein gene that are closely connected to one another were selected, including MTA1, VEGF, HIF-1α, FGF-2, and IGF-II. RESULTS Expression of MTA1 was detected in 120 HCC tissues (31%). An A allele at position IVS4-81G/A of the MTA1 gene (P = 0.016) and the TT genotype at position +12916C of the VEGF gene (P = 0.023) were significantly associated with MTA1 overexpression. However, the TT genotype at position -13021C (P = 0.011) and the haplotypes CT-CT (-11228C; -13021C) of the IGF-II gene (P(cor) = 0.033) were more common in patients with MTA1-negative HCC. Using multivariate analysis, the A allele at IVS4-81G/A in MTA1 gene (P = 0.015) and a T allele (TT+CT genotype) at -13021C in IGF-II (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors in HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS The genetic polymorphisms IVS4-81G/A in MTA1 and +12916C in VEGF genes were correlated with MTA1 overexpression. The SNPs in MTA1 and IGF-II genes may be important risk factors for the recurrence of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park JW, Kim HS, Seo DD, Jang JS, Shin WG, Kim KH, Jang MK, Lee JH, Kim HY, Kim DJ, Lee MS, Park CK. Long-term efficacy of entecavir in adefovir-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients with prior lamivudine resistance. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e475-81. [PMID: 21914066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of entecavir (ETV) in adefovir (ADV)-refractory chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with prior lamivudine (LMV) resistance. A total of 55 ADV-refractory CHB patients with prior LMV resistance, who received rescue therapy with ETV 1 mg daily for at least 12 months, were consecutively enrolled and analysed. Forty-four patients were men, and their median age was 47 (25-69). Ten patients had liver cirrhosis and 46 patients were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Median hepatitis B virus DNA levels were 6.6 (4.3-8.0) log(10) copies/mL, and the median duration of ETV therapy was 24 (12-47) months. Cumulative virologic response rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 18%, 29%, 58% and 75%, respectively. HBeAg loss occurred in 10 (21.7%) of 46 HBeAg-positive patients. In multivariate analysis, only initial virologic response at 3 months remained as an independent predictor for virologic response (RR 3.143; 95% CI 1.387-7.120; P = 0.006). The patients with a virological response at 3 months had not only a significantly higher probability of achieving a virologic response (P < 0.001) but also lower probability of experiencing a virologic breakthrough (P = 0.043) than the patients without an early response. Viral breakthrough was observed in 29 patients during the follow-up period. Cumulative breakthrough rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 0%, 15%, 45% and 73%, respectively. ETV monotherapy may be considerably efficacious in cases with an initial virological response but its efficacy is attenuated by frequent emergence of ETV resistance in ADV-refractory CHB patients with prior LMV resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shin WG, Park SH, Jang MK, Hahn TH, Kim JB, Lee MS, Kim DJ, Jun SY, Park CK. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) can predict liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:267-74. [PMID: 18055281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been still few valuable markers that can be used as indirect markers of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of several indirect markers of liver fibrosis and to identify the most valuable test in chronic hepatitis B. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 264 patients with chronic hepatitis B were consecutively enrolled. Fibrosis was staged by a single blinded pathologist according to the METAVIR system. Significant fibrosis was defined as stage >or=2. We investigated diagnostic accuracy of four indirect markers including aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index for predicting significant fibrosis. RESULTS Mean age was 28 years. 53% (141/264) had significant hepatic fibrosis. Of indirect markers, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index yielded the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.91). Positive predictive value/negative predictive value at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index score for predicting significant fibrosis were 63%/91%, 83%/74% and 86%/65%, respectively. The odds ratio for aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index >or=1.4 relative to less than aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index of 1.4 was 17.971 (p<0.0001; 95% confidence interval, 9.677-33.376). CONCLUSIONS Of simple markers already developed in chronic hepatitis C, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index may be the most accurate and simple marker for predicting significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim TB, Kim SY, Moon KA, Park CS, Jang MK, Yun ES, Cho YS, Moon HB, Lee KY. Five-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside attenuates poly (I:C)-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1709-19. [PMID: 17877757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma can frequently be induced or exacerbated by respiratory viral infections. Oxidative stress might also play an essential role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases, indicating that antioxidant therapy may have a potential effect in controlling allergic airway diseases. Recent studies showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has the potential ability to modulate NADPH oxidase activity, indicating the antioxidant activity of AICAR. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of AICAR as an anti-inflammatory modulator on allergic airway inflammation in murine animal models. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of AICAR were evaluated in two experimental asthma models: (1) an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental asthma model and (2) an OVA plus polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)]-induced experimental asthma model to mimic respiratory viral infections. The inhibitory effects of AICAR in poly (I:C)-mediated signalling for NF-kappaB activation and production of TNF-alpha were analysed in vitro. RESULTS AICAR was shown to have a marginal inhibitory effect in an OVA-induced asthma model. Interestingly, AICAR significantly attenuated poly (I:C)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation, as shown by the attenuation of the influx of total inflammatory cells and soluble products into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, such as macrophages, eosinophils, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. AICAR also significantly reduced the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies. Histologic and flow cytometric studies showed that AICAR inhibited poly (I:C)-induced lung inflammation and the infiltration of CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells into the lung. Moreover, AICAR effectively inhibited poly (I:C)-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AICAR may be a novel immunomodulator with promising beneficial effects for the treatment of respiratory viral infection in airway allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T-B Kim
- Division of Allergy, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jang MK, Chae KR, Hwang DY, Kim CK, Kim BG, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Shin JS, Lee SH, Chung NH, Cho JS, Choi SY, Kim YK. Glucocorticoid receptor represses the Dex-mediated induction of human androgen response element-linked Luc activity. Gen Physiol Biophys 2007; 26:56-61. [PMID: 17579255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A human androgen response element (hARE), identified within intron 8 of the human sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein, interacts with both glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptors (AR). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that human GR (hGR) might modulate the expression of a hARE-linked reporter gene by dexamethasone (Dex). The hypothesis was tested by: a) co-transfecting HepG2 cells with a hGR and a luciferase (Luc)-reporter gene for performing in vitro investigations and b) by their co-injection into the tail vein of mice for in vivo investigation. In vitro co-transfected cells and the in vivo co-injected mice were then treated with Dex. Our results have led us to concluded that both transfection and injection of the hGR leads to a repression in the Dex-mediated induction of hARE-linked Luc activity both in vitro and in vivo settings. These findings suggest that this assay system allows screening of drug candidates affecting to a signal transduction pathway of the GR and AR and may help in the future discovery and analysis of novel and selection of GR and AR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administra-tion, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a promising alternative means of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, limited cell doses may compromise outcome. To enhance engraftment, CBT has been conducted using two units with promising results. However, little is known about the mechanism of engraftment. Here, we analyzed the early engraftment kinetics of eight patients given two unit umbilical CBT. Early engraftment kinetics revealed dominancy of one of two units from the day of engraftment (absolute neutrophil count > 0.5 x 10(9)/l). The median value of percentage of the predominant unit by chimerism analysis at the time of engraftment was 88% (60-100%). Two units CBT was found to be a safe, effective and promising alternative treatment option with good engraftment potential. Dominancy occurred early after CBT and is probably influenced by multiple factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jang MK, Lee JH, Lee JY, Kim KH, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim HY, Yoo JY. Endoscopic band ligation of active cardiac variceal bleeding. Endoscopy 2006; 38:438. [PMID: 16680660 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Kangdonggu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim KH, Jang MK, Kim HS, Lee JH, Lee JY, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim HY, Yoo JY, Joo SH, Choi CS. Intussusception after gastric surgery. Endoscopy 2005; 37:1237-43. [PMID: 16329024 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-870447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Intussusception following gastric surgery is a rare postoperative complication. It may develop in clinical situations following gastroenterostomy, Billroth II gastric surgery with or without Braun anastomosis, or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. The patients may present with either an acute surgical emergency or with a chronic, relapsing form. The mortality may be up to 50 % in these cases if not treated appropriately, but little is known about the mechanism underlying the condition. Early diagnosis with a high index of suspicion and prompt treatment of the acute form are therefore important. Surgical reduction with laparotomy is mandatory, although definitive corrective and preventative measures have not yet been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jang MK, Lee JY, Kim KH, Park JY, Lee JH, Kim HY, Yoo JY. Images of interest. Gastrointestinal: bleeding from ischemic colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20:789. [PMID: 15853996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jeong BH, Nam JH, Lee YJ, Lee KH, Jang MK, Carp RI, Lee HD, Ju YR, Ahn Jo S, Park KY, Kim YS. Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in a Korean population. J Hum Genet 2004; 49:319-324. [PMID: 15148589 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-004-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human prion protein gene (PRNP) has been considered to be involved in the susceptibility of humans to prion diseases. Polymorphisms of methionine (Met)/valine (Val) at codon 129 and of glutamic acid (Glu)/lysine (Lys) at codon 219 are thought to play an important role in susceptibility to sporadic, iatrogenic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Although the genotype distribution of polymorphisms in PRNP open reading frame (ORF) has been reported in many European populations, among Asian groups, it has been reported only in the Japanese population. We examined the PRNP polymorphisms in 529 healthy Koreans. We observed that genotype frequencies at codon 129 was 94.33% Met/Met, 5.48% Met/Val, and 0.19% Val/Val with an allele frequency of 0.971:0.029 Met:Val, and that genotype frequencies at codon 219 was 92.06% Glu/Glu, 7.94% Glu/Lys, and 0% Lys/Lys with an allele frequency of 0.96:0.04 Glu:Lys. The frequencies of the Glu/Glu genotype ( chi(2)=10.075, P=0.0015) and of the Glu allele ( chi(2)=9.486, P=0.0021) at codon 219 were significantly higher in the Korean population than the Japanese population. In addition, the genotype frequency of heterozygotes (12.7%) at codons 129 or/and 219 was significantly lower in Koreans than in people from Great Britain ( chi(2)=89.52, P<0.0001). The deletion rate of one octarepeat (R2 deletion) was 0.38%, with 99.62% undeleted homozygotes and 0% deleted homozygote. To our knowledge, the R2 octarepeat deletion has never been found in people from countries other than Korea. The data of PRNP polymorphism at codon 219 suggest that Koreans may be more sensitive to sporadic CJD than the Japanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ilsong Building, 1605-4, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, 431-060, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Virology, Korea National Institute of Health, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ilsong Building, 1605-4, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, 431-060, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ilsong Building, 1605-4, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, 431-060, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ilsong Building, 1605-4, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, 431-060, South Korea
| | - Richard I Carp
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Ho-Dong Lee
- Department of Virology, Korea National Institute of Health, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, South Korea
| | - Young-Ran Ju
- Department of Virology, Korea National Institute of Health, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, South Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Virology, Korea National Institute of Health, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, South Korea
| | - Keun-Yong Park
- Department of Virology, Korea National Institute of Health, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Ilsong Building, 1605-4, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, 431-060, South Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1605-4, Gwanyang-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyounggi-do, 431-060, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are essential components of immune responses during chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It has been known that Fas ligand (FasL) and perforin/granzyme B-based mechanisms account for all T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In the present work, we examined the correlation between injury of the hepatocytes and mRNA expression of FasL and perforin/granzyme B in liver tissue to investigate the roles of both the FasL and the perforin/granzyme B pathways in CHB. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify intrahepatic expression of FasL and perforin/granzyme B in liver biopsy specimens from 24 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In addition, the transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method was used to determine the degree of apoptosis. The degree of mRNA expression and apoptosis were compared with the histologic activity index (HAI) and serology, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Intrahepatic mRNA expression rates of FasL, perforin and granzyme B were seen in 79.2, 62.5 and 33.3% of patients, respectively, and correlated with ALT levels (P < 0.05). Intrahepatic expression of FasL and perforin mRNA were significantly correlated with HAI (P < 0.05). Also, apoptosis documented by the TUNEL assay was correlated with HAI and intrahepatic mRNA expression of FasL and perforin (P < 0.05). Our results show that the T-cell mediated perforin death pathway as well as the Fas system play important roles in liver cell injury in HBV infection and that apoptosis mediated by the Fas/FasL system is closely correlated with HAI in chronic HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jang MK, Lee SK, Myung SJ. Vesicoileal fistula in a patient with hematochezia and hematuria. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1820-1. [PMID: 12724496 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200305013481821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Lee MK, Cho SY, Jang JY, Cho MS, Jeon SM, Jang MK, Kim MJ, Park YB. Effects of Puerariae Flos and Puerariae Radix extracts on antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-treated rats. Am J Chin Med 2002; 29:343-54. [PMID: 11527076 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x01000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of Puerariae Flos (PF) and Puerariae Radix (PR) water extracts on the activities and mRNA expression of three hepatic antioxidant enzymes in ethanol-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, a control, ethanol-treated, ethanol plus PF-treated, and ethanol plus PR-treated group with seven rats per group. Ethanol (25 % v/v, 5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 5 weeks. The PF and PR water extracts were supplemented in a diet based on 1.2 g of raw PF or PR/kg body weight/day. Ethanol administration without the PF or PR supplement significantly lowered the activities of hepatic Cu/Zn SOD and catalase (CAT), whereas it increased the hepatic GSH-Px activity. However, the PF and PR supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the Cu/Zn SOD and/or CAT activities and a significant decrease in the GSH-Px activity in the ethanol-treated rats. The mRNA levels of these antioxidant enzymes in the ethanol-treated rats were normalized to the control level by the PF or PR supplement. The hepatic glutathione content, which was significantly lower in the ethanol-treated group than in the control group, was also normalized to the control level by supplementing with either PF or PR. The PF or PR supplement resulted in lowering the hepatic malondialdehyde to the control level in the ethanol-treated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The consumption of a cholesterol-enriched diet increases the degree of lipid peroxidation, which is one of the early processes of atherosclerosis. The aim of this trial was to determine the antioxidative effects of the citrus bioflavonoid, naringin, a potent cholesterol-lowering agent, compared to the cholesterol-lowering drug, lovastatin, in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. Male rabbits were served a high-cholesterol (0.5%, w/w) diet or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with either naringin (0.5% cholesterol, 0.05% naringin, w/w) or lovastatin (0.5% cholesterol, 0.03% lovastatin, w/w) for 8 weeks to determine the plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide, plasma vitamin A and E levels, and hepatic hydrogen peroxide levels, along with the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expressions. Only the lovastatin group showed significantly lower plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide levels compared to the control group. The naringin supplementation significantly increased the activities of both hepatic SOD and catalase by 33% and 20%, respectively, whereas the lovastatin supplementation only increased the catalase activity by 23% compared to control group. There was no difference in the GSH-Px activities between the various groups. Content of H2O2 in hepatic mitochondria was significantly lower in groups supplemented with lovastatin and naringin than in control group. However, there was no difference in cytosolic H2O2 content in liver between groups. The concentration of plasma vitamin E was significantly increased by the naringin supplementation. When comparing the antioxidant enzyme gene expression, the mRNA expression of SOD, catalase and GSH-Px was significantly up-regulated in the naringin-supplemented group. Accordingly, these results would appear to indicate that naringin, a citrus bioflavonoid, plays an important role in regulating antioxidative capacities by increasing the SOD and catalase activities, up-regulating the gene expressions of SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px, and protecting the plasma vitamin E. In contrast, lovastatin exhibited an inhibitory effect on the plasma and hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased the hepatic catalase activity in high-cholesterol fed rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Jeon
- Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Yusong, Taejon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed serologic data that were obtained from the Korea Association of Health from 1995 to 1999 to estimate the reliable prevalence of HBV in South Korea. METHODS 603,375, 639,465, 621,476, 612,705 and 650,398 serum samples were annually tested for HBsAg. Of HBsAg positive persons whose serum samples were available, HBeAg positivity was checked. RESULTS HBsAg positivities among subjects between 6 and 19 years old were 8.2%, 3.9%, 2.1%, 2.6% and 1.3%. HBsAg positivities among subjects above 20 years old were 8.9%, 6.4%, 5.9%, 5.4% and 5.4%. The positive rates of HBeAg were 39.8 to 62.9% among subjects between 6 and 19 years old, and 18.3 to 37.9% among persons above 20 years old, in each year. In both subgroups, HBsAg positivity in the latter year was significantly lower than that in the former year (p < 0.001). It also showed that HBsAg positivities among subjects between 6 and 19 years old have been significantly lower than those among subjects above 20 years old, but those of HBeAg the exact reverse of HBsAg since 1996 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS It was observed that prevalence of HBV infection in the late 1990s, especially in the group between 6 and 19 years old, was conspicuously lower than that in the past. The nationwide vaccination programme might be one of the most important contributors to this tendency in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Kangwon Branch, Korea Association of Health, Gastoenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, ROK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jang MK, Sohn DH, Ryu JH. A curcuminoid and sesquiterpenes as inhibitors of macrophage TNF-alpha release from Curcuma zedoaria. Planta Med 2001; 67:550-552. [PMID: 11509978 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-16482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is one of the major mediators produced in activated macrophages which contribute to the circulatory failure associated with septic shock. In the course of screening marketed oriental anti-inflammatory herbal drugs for TNF-alpha antagonistic activity, a crude methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria exhibited significant activity. The activity-guided fractionation and repetitive chromatographic procedures with the EtOAc-soluble fraction resulted in the isolation of three active compounds. They were identified as 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (1), procurcumenol (2) and epiprocurcumenol (3) by spectral data analysis. They inhibited the production of TNF-alpha by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages from the results of bioassay (IC(50) values of 1 and 2 are 12.3 and 310.5 microM, respectively) and Western blot assay. These results imply that the traditional use of C. zedoaria rhizome as anti-inflammatory drug may be explained at least in part, by the inhibition of TNF-alpha production.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jang MK, Goo YH, Sohn YC, Kim YS, Lee SK, Kang H, Cheong J, Lee JW. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV stimulates nuclear factor-kappa B transactivation via phosphorylation of the p65 subunit. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:20005-10. [PMID: 11274168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010211200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) is a key mediator of Ca(2+)-induced gene expression. In this study, CaMKIV was found to directly associate with and phosphorylate the nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) component p65 both in vitro and in vivo. The phosphorylation of p65 by CaMKIV resulted in recruitment of transcription coactivator cAMP-response element-binding protein-binding protein and concomitant release of corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, as demonstrated by the glutathione S-transferase pull down and mammalian two hybrid assays. In addition, cotransfection of CaMKIV resulted in cytosolic translocation of the silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors. Consistent with these results, cotransfected CaMKIV dramatically stimulated the NFkappaB transactivation in mammalian cells. From these results, NFkappaB is suggested to be a novel downstream effector molecule of CaMKIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- Center for Ligand and Transcription, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jeon HJ, Jeong YI, Jang MK, Park YH, Nah JW. Effect of solvent on the preparation of surfactant-free poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles and norfloxacin release characteristics. Int J Pharm 2000; 207:99-108. [PMID: 11036235 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The surfactant-free nanoparticles of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by dialysis method without surfactant and physicochemical properties such as particle size and drug contents were investigated against used initial solvent. The size of PLGA nanoparticles and drug contents were significantly changed by used initial solvent. The size of PLGA nanoparticles prepared from dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a initial used solvent was smaller than that of acetone. Selected initial solvent used to dissolve the copolymer significantly affects the size of nanoparticles and drug contents. It was shown that PLGA nanoparticles have spherical shapes from the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. It was thought that surfactant-free nanoparticles of PLGA entrapping norfloxacin (NFX) has nice drug loading capacity without free-drug on the surface of nanoparticles through the analysis of X-ray powder diffraction. From these results, it was showed the potential that the PLGA nanoparticles could be formed successively by dialysis method without surfactant. Release kinetics of NFX used as a model drug was governed by not only drug contents but also particle size parameter. The higher the drug contents and the larger the particle size resulted in slower the drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Jeon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, 540-742, Sunchon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jang MK, Choi MS, Park YB. Regulation of ferritin light chain gene expression by oxidized low-density lipoproteins in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 265:577-83. [PMID: 10558912 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genes induced or suppressed by oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in human monocytic THP-1 cells were searched using differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (DDRT-PCR). Among the many differentially expressed cDNA fragments, one was dramatically stimulated by the oxLDL in a steady state level, which was later found to contain sequences corresponding to ferritin light chain (L-ferritin) in a sequence homology search. The stimulatory effect of the oxLDL on the level of L-ferritin mRNA in the THP-1 cells was both time- and dose-dependent. When the cells were allowed to differentiate in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the differentiated cells were generally less responsive to the oxLDL than the undifferentiated ones. An increase of L-ferritin mRNA was observed when the cells were treated with the lipid components in the oxLDL such as 9-HODE, 13-HODE, and 25-hydroxycholesterol. In addition, a stimulation of the L-ferritin gene expression was also observed when the cells were treated with an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand, 15d-PGJ2, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that oxLDL or its constituents are related to the stimulation of L-ferritin expression via PPARgamma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Jang
- College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee HJ, Kim NY, Jang MK, Son HJ, Kim KM, Sohn DH, Lee SH, Ryu JH. A sesquiterpene, dehydrocostus lactone, inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-alpha in LPS-activated macrophages. Planta Med 1999; 65:104-108. [PMID: 10193198 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are the major mediators produced in activated macrophages which contribute to the circulatory failure associated with septic shock. A sesquiterpene lactone compound (dehydrocostus lactone) isolated from the medicinal plant, Saussurea lappa, inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression. This compound also decreased the TNF-alpha level in LPS-activated systems in vitro and in vivo. Thus, dehydrocostus lactone may be a possible candidate for the development of new drugs to treat endotoxemia accompanied by the overproduction of NO and TNF-alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Byun SJ, Jang MK, Jeoung NH, Kim JY, Park YB. Differentially expressed genes in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells by cholesterol-loading. Mol Cells 1998; 8:657-62. [PMID: 9895116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentially expressed genes generated by cholesterol-loading in the culture medium of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) were screened using the DDRT-PCR technique in order to identify the genes that are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the artery. Twenty-eight genes were initially isolated and three differentially expressed cDNAs were finally selected by Northern blot analysis. All three cDNAs were up-regulated (designated CRGSM-1 through -3) by the cholesterol-loading. Upon nucleotide sequencing and homology search in the databases, the first cDNA (CRGSM-1) had a high homology (97%) with the corresponding segment of the acyl-CoA synthetase II gene from rat brain, which participates in fatty acid synthesis. The second one (CRGSM-2) had a high homology (91%) with a part of Mus musculus (mouse) LIM protein 1, and with human skeletal muscle LIM-protein 1 genes (80%) and the third gene (CRGSM-3) had no significant homology match in the database. A full size cDNA isolated from the cDNA library of rat aortic smooth muscle cell using the CRGSM-2 as a probe was identified to have a high homology with muscle LIM protein (MLP). The isolated cDNA contained a segment of DNA that encodes for a zinc-finger motif and two LIM domains. Proteins bearing the LIM domain, defined as a unique double zinc-finger structure associated with a subclass of proteins involved in the determination of cell identity, cell differentiation and control of cell growth, have previously been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Byun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Insulin-immobilized polyurethanes (PU) were prepared by the graft polymerization of acrylic acid on oxygen plasma-treated PU, followed by a coupling reaction with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and subsequently with insulin. Modified PUs were characterized by measuring the water contact angle, the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and the attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The wettabilities of the PU surfaces were increased by the introduction of acrylic acid, PEO and insulin. The amount of insulin immobilized was controlled by changing the concentrations of grafted acrylic acid and PEO. The interactions of human fibroblasts with surface-modified PUs were investigated using [3H]-thymidine incorporation and optical microscopy. Compared to the PU control, the proliferation of cells on the insulin-immobilized PUs was accelerated irrespective of the presence of serum while it was not influenced by PEO grafting. It seemed to be certain, from the experiments with high performance liquid chromatography, that A chain of insulin mainly reacted with the amine-end group of PEO grafted during the immobilization reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|