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Sidi Omar SFN, Ngui R, Ab Rahman SZ, Foo JC, Wang QY, Hassan NA, Lim YAL, Musa S. Oral bacteria detection among children with cancer in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:276-282. [PMID: 34362870 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the prevalence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavities of children with cancer. There were 68 paediatric patients with cancer who were included in this study. Oral swab samples from the dorsum of tongues and mouth floors of these patients were subjected to culture, staining, and molecular methods to detect the bacteria. The overall prevalence of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was 79.4% (54/68; 95% CI = 68.4 - 87.3) and 25% (17/68; 95% CI = 16.2 - 36.4), respectively. Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis were the predominant pathogenic grampositive bacteria, while Neisseria subflava and Neisseria perflava were the most common pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. The results revealed that the number of bacteria isolates recovered in patients receiving cancer treatment was higher (55.9%) than those who had not received treatment (16.2%). Therefore, more isolated pathogenic bacteria were observed post-therapy (54.4%). Pathogenic organisms can have significant implications on patient health. Awareness of the types of bacteria inhabiting the oral cavity is essential to predict and prevent dental problems, and their associated systemic complications. Findings on the diversity of oral microflora can also provide a better understanding of the aetiology of oral diseases in paediatric patients receiving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F N Sidi Omar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Z Ab Rahman
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J C Foo
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Q Y Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Musa
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hassan NA, Elkhadem AH, Elkerdawy MW, Osman RB. Biomechanics of Different Types of PEEK as Implant Materials for Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdentures. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2021; 30:113-120. [PMID: 34304396 DOI: 10.1922/ejprd_2286hassan08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the biomechanical behavior of different types of PEEK as implant materials for mandibular implant-retained overdentures. MATERIALS & METHODS Virtual models of mandibular overdentures retained by two interforaminal implants were simulated. In each model, one implant material was assumed resulting in four models; titanium, carbon-reinforced PEEK, ceramic-filled PEEK and unfilled PEEK models. Unilateral vertical and oblique loads were applied separately. Von-Mises stresses and maximum equivalent strain values were computed. RESULTS All PEEK implant models induced higher stresses in the cervical portion of peri-implant bone compared to the titanium model. A more homogenous stress distribution pattern along the whole length of the titanium implants was observed compared to PEEK implants. The highest amount of strain values was recorded in the unfilled PEEK implants. CONCLUSIONS Titanium remains to be the most optimum material for dental implants. Unfilled and ceramic filled PEEK might not be recommended as a dental implant material due to the high stresses generated within the implant bodies and cervical part of peri-implant bone under oblique load which might contribute to an increased probability of implant body fracture and marginal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hassan
- Assistant Lecturer, Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A H Elkhadem
- Associate Professor, Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M W Elkerdawy
- Professor, Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R B Osman
- Associate Professor, Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ngui R, Hassan NA, Chang LY, Teh SJC, Chua KH, Kee BP, Hoe SZ, Lim YAL. Toxoplasma gondii infection among selected indigenous community in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:155-164. [PMID: 33612726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in humans. To date, little is known about T. gondii infection among the indigenous community, particularly in East Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the status of T. gondii infection and to investigate associated risk factors among the indigenous community of Sarawak, East Malaysia. The sociodemographic data was obtained using a pretested questionnaire. A serological test was done to detect the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii in serum samples. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine acute infection among seropositive individuals. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 50% (95% CI = 43.3 - 56.7). From this subset, 40.1%, 5.7%, and 4.2% were positive for anti-T. Gondii IgG antibodies, IgM, and both IgG and IgM, respectively. Four seropositive samples were amplified through PCR. None of the pregnant women tested positive for T. gondii infection based on the serological and PCR assays. A significant association was found between age, low monthly household income, unemployment, usage of untreated water and close contact with T. gondii seropositive cats. These results provide basic information on T. gondii infection and may be useful for policymakers to initiate prevention and control programs, especially amongst pregnant women and women of childbearing age in the indigenous community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L Y Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S J C Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - B P Kee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Z Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jawhar DS, Hassan NA, Shamssain MH. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) findings in diabetic and non-diabetic female: A retrospective cohort study. Med J Malaysia 2020; 75:47-51. [PMID: 32008020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a silent disease which has an effect on bone structure. Studies on the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) revealed conflicting results. We conducted a study to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in females with T2DM and compare dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan results between diabetic and non-diabetic females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed hospital records and DXA scan measurements of 635 patients at tertiary hospital in Ajman, UAE. Patients with T2DM were compared to non-diabetic control group. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Student’s t test was used for continuous variables, while chi-square test for categorical variables. Relative risk (RR) and it’s 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were calculated for prevalence of osteoporosis among the two group. RESULTS In all 141 patients in the diabetic group and 428 patients in the control group, while 66 patients were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in diabetic group (RR: 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.2). BMD and T-score values were similar in diabetic and control groups. Z-score values of lumbar spine, L1 and L3 were significantly higher in diabetic group. Obese patients have significantly higher BMD than non-obese in both studied groups. Younger diabetic patient had significantly higher value of BMD, T-score and Z-score in left femur total hip. CONCLUSION Although BMD and T-score values were similar between the two groups, women with T2DM had significant higher prevalence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Jawhar
- Saqr Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Almamorah, Ras Al Khaimah, Rak, United Arab Emirates.
| | - N A Hassan
- Ajman University, College of Pharmacy, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M H Shamssain
- University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Hassan NA, Lim YAL, Mahmud R, Mohd-Shaharuddin N, Sulaiman WY, Ngui R. Microsporidia infection among various groups of the immunocompromised patients. Trop Biomed 2018; 35:521-530. [PMID: 33601827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While information with regards to the bacterial and viral infections are commonly available among clinicians, data on parasitic infection, particularly Microsporidia among immunocompromised patient is currently lacking in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Microsporidia among a various group of immunocompromised patient. Two hundred and eighty-eight archived stool samples were examined for the presence of Microsporidia with Gram-Chromotrope Kinyoun staining method. The overall prevalence of Microsporidia was 29.2 % (84/288; 95% CI=24.2-34.5). The end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients (32.1%) recorded the highest infection rate, followed by cancer (26.2%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) (22.6%) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) (7.1%). Meanwhile, organ transplant recipients and autoimmune disease patients recorded the lowest prevalence rate (6.0%). Other intestinal parasites were Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Cryptosporidium species. Diarrhoea was the most common symptoms among patients with microsporidiosis. The present study showed that the prevalence of Microsporidia infection was relatively high among immunocompromised patients. This finding highlighted the importance to include detection of microsporidia infection as a routine differential diagnosis in immunocompromised patients, which serves the benefit of treatment to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-A Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Mohd-Shaharuddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W Y Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mohd-Shaharuddin N, Lim YAL, Hassan NA, Nathan S, Ngui R. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among indigenous communities in Malaysia: Is this the endless malady with no solution? Trop Biomed 2018; 35:168-180. [PMID: 33601789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are the most common intestinal parasitic infections of medical importance in human. The infections are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries including Malaysia particularly among disadvantaged and underprivileged communities. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of STH infections among Temuan indigenous subgroup. A cross sectional study was conducted among five villages in Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal samples and socioeconomic data were collected from each consented participant. Faecal samples were processed using formalin-ether sedimentation and examined under microscope. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software programme for Windows version 24. A total of 411 participants voluntarily participated in this study. The overall prevalence of STH infections was 72.7% (95% CI = 68.2 - 77%). The most common STH species recorded was Trichuris trichiura (58.4%, 95% CI = 53.5 - 63.2%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (45.5%, 95% CI = 40.6 - 50.5%) and hookworm (23.1%, 95% CI = 19.1 - 27.5%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that using untreated water was a significant predictor of STH infections in these communities. Our findings demonstrated that STH infections are still prevalent and co-exist with the low SES among this subgroup. Poverty and poor sanitation are the leading factors contributing to this malady. Hence, the reassessments of the existing control measures are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohd-Shaharuddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N-A Hassan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Nathan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Othman OE, El-Fiky SA, Hassan NA, Mahfouz ER, Balabel EA. Genetic variations of β- and K-casein genes in Egyptian sheep breeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/jab.v64i1.88475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ahmad H, Zulkifli MZ, Hassan NA, Harun SW. S-band multiwavelength ring Brillouin/Raman fiber laser with 20 GHz channel spacing. Appl Opt 2012; 51:1811-1815. [PMID: 22505174 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.001811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a tunable S-band multiwavelength Brillouin/Raman fiber laser (MBRFL) with a tuning range of between 1490 to 1530 nm. The proposed MBRFL is designed around a 7.7 km long dispersion compensating fiber in a simple ring configuration, acting as a nonlinear medium for the generation of multiple wavelengths from stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and also as a nonlinear gain medium for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) amplification. A laser source with a maximum power of 12 dBm acts as the Brillouin pump (BP), while two 1420 nm laser diodes with a total power of 26 dBm act as the Raman pumps (RPs). The MBRFL can generate a multiwavelength comb consisting of even and odd Stokes at an average power of -12 dBm and -14 dBm respectively, and by separating the even and odd Stokes outputs, a 20 GHz channel spacing is obtained between two consecutive wavelengths. Due to the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect, anti-Stokes lines are also observed. The multiwavelength comb generated is not dependent on the BP, thus providing high stability and repeatability and making it a highly potential source for many real-world applications. This is the first time, to the knowledge of the authors, that a tunable MBRFL has been developed using SRS to obtain gain in the S-band region.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmad
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abdel-Barry JA, Flafl MS, Al-Namaa LM, Hassan NA. Lipoprotein changes in women taking low-dose combined oral contraceptive pills: a cross-sectional study in Basra, Iraq. East Mediterr Health J 2011; 17:684-688. [PMID: 22259919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We assessed lipid and lipoprotein levels in 100 women taking low-dose COCs and a control group of 100 non-users attending the family planning centre Basra Maternity and Child Hospital, Iraq. Venous blood was collected after 12-14 hours fasting, and serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were measured. Serum TG, HDL-C and VLDL levels were significantly higher and LDL-C levels lower in users than non-users but TC levels did not differ between the 2 groups. TG, HDL-C and VLDL levels rose with age and duration of use while LDL-C levels decreased; TC levels did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Abdel-Barry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq.
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Hassan NA, Salem MF, Sayed MAEL. Doping and effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the heart: histological, ultrastructural, and echocardiographic assessment in strength athletes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 28:273-83. [PMID: 19755459 DOI: 10.1177/0960327109104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used by some athletes to enhance performance despite the health risk they may pose in some persons. This work was carried out to evaluate the possible structural and functional alterations in the heart using two-dimensional, M-mode, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain rate imaging (SRI) in athletes using supraphysiological doses of AAS. Additionally, the histological and ultrastructural changes in cardiac muscles of adult albino rats after injection of sustanon, as an example of AAS, were studied. Fifteen male bodybuilders using anabolic steroids constituted group 1, five male bodybuilders who are not using anabolic steroids constituted group 2, and five nonathletic males constituted negative control group (group 3). They were investigated by two-dimensional, M-mode, TDI and SRI. This study was performed on 30 adult albino rats. They were divided into two groups. Group I (Control group) (10) was subdivided into negative control, subgroup 1a (5), and subgroup 1b (5), which received 0.8 ml olive oil intramuscular once a week for 8 weeks. Group II (Experimental group) (20) received sustanon 10 mg/kg intramuscularly once a week for 8 weeks. The heart specimens were prepared for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Echocardiographic results showed that bodybuilders who use steroids have smaller left ventricular dimension with thicker walls, impaired diastolic function, as well as higher peak systolic strain rate in steroid-using bodybuilders as compared to the other two groups. Light microscopy examination of cardiac muscle fibers showed focal areas of degeneration with loss of striations and vacuolation in the experimental group. Ultrastructural examination showed disturbance of the banding pattern of the cardiac muscle fiber with disintegration, loss of striations, dehiscent intercalated disc, and interrupted Z-bands. Administration of supraphysiological doses of AAS caused severe deleterious effects in the myocardium both in athletes and in experimental animals. The SRI shows promise in the early detection of systolic dysfunction in those athletes who use steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
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Abdel-Salam GMH, Hassan NA, Kayed HF, Aligianis IA. Phenotypic variability in Micro syndrome: report of new cases. Genet Couns 2007; 18:423-435. [PMID: 18286824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe seven Egyptian patients (5 males and two females) with microcephaly, mild microphthalmia, microcornea, congenital cataracts and hypogenitalism (only in males). These features (after excluding possible non-genetic causes) are consistent with the diagnosis of Micro syndrome. Clinical, neurological, ophthalmologic examinations and brain imaging and electrophysiological studies were performed in all patients. Three cases had characteristic facial features consistent with those originally described in the Micro syndrome whilst the rest of the cases had clearly different facies to that of the original patients of Micro syndrome but similar to those described in Martsolf syndrome. The patients had a variable degree of brain atrophy but hypogenesis of the corpus callosum was evident only in five patients. Abnormal gyral pattern, small cerebellum, vermian hypoplasia and delayed myelination were additional imaging findings in 3 cases. All patients had delayed visual evoked potential but normal electroretinogram. The frequently-reported parental consanguinity emphasizes the major role of the single gene inheritance. Mutation analysis for two patients showed homozygous nonsense mutation of RAB3GAP1 in one while the other showed no evidence of linkage to either RAB3GAP1 or RAB2GAP2. Based on these cases and review of the literature, RAB3GAP genes dysregulation may result in a spectrum of phenotypes that range from Micro syndrome to Martsolf syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Al-Omar MA, Hassan NA. Simple and rapid method for the detection of early signs of toxicity in Daphnia magna straus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:553-559. [PMID: 11014837 DOI: 10.1007/s0012800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Al-Omar
- University of Baghdad, College of Education for Women, Jadiriah, Post Office Box 47281, Baghdad, Iraq
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Hassan NA, Gunaid AA, Abdo-Rabbo AA, Abdel-Kader ZY, al-Mansoob MA, Awad AY, Murray-Lyon IM. The effect of Qat chewing on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy volunteers. Trop Doct 2000; 30:107-8. [PMID: 10842563 DOI: 10.1177/004947550003000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of the Qat plant (Catha edulis Forsk., Celastraceae) which contain amphetamine like compounds are widely chewed in Yemen and East Africa for their pleasurable stimulant properties. There are also a number of unwanted side-effects and this paper studies the effect on heart rate and blood pressure in 80 healthy volunteers. During a 3-h period of chewing fresh Qat leaves there was a significant and progressive rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, and levels had not returned to baseline 1 h after chewing had ceased. Further studies are needed on possible cardiovascular morbidity associated with regular Qat chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a Republic of Yemen
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Hassan NA, Abdulla AA, Bakathir HA, Al-Amoodi AA, Aklan AM, de Vries TP. The impact of problem-based pharmacotherapy training on the competence of rational prescribing of Yemen undergraduate students. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 55:873-6. [PMID: 10805067 DOI: 10.1007/s002280050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to reveal whether a short training course of problem-based pharmacotherapy teaching, based on the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Guide to Good Prescribing and the Yemen Essential Drug List and Standard Treatment Guidelines, will improve the competence of rational prescribing among medical and health assistant students in Yemen. DESIGN In a controlled pre/post-test study, 111 students from universities and health institutes participated on a voluntary basis. They were randomly separated into a study and a control group. Students of the study group were taught to generate standard first-choice drugs for asthma or diarrhoea. The students were then taught how to apply this set of first-choice drugs to specific patient problems, using the WHO six-step problem-solving approach. RESULTS Students from the study group performed significantly better than those from control in all problems presented and also when compared with the results of the pre-test. The results of the pre-test also show that teaching students all basic knowledge about drugs does not guarantee rational prescribing in Yemen. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from this study that proper training, i.e. 'immunising' future doctors using problem-based pharmacotherapy teaching, is an efficient way of teaching rational prescribing in Yemen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Republic of Yemen
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Makhseed M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F, Al-Azemi MM, Hassan NA, Bandar A. Mitogen-induced cytokine responses of maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate a differential Th-type bias in normal pregnancy and pregnancy failure. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 42:273-81. [PMID: 10584981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Profiles of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines were studied in women with a history of successful pregnancy and in women with a history of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) with the objective of elucidating Th1- and Th2-type bias in normal pregnancy and pregnancy failure. METHOD OF STUDY Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 54 women with a history of normal pregnancy and 23 women with a history of unexplained RSA, obtained at delivery or on the day of abortion, respectively, were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), followed by the estimation of four Th2 cytokines and four Th1 cytokines. RESULTS Significantly greater levels of Th2 cytokines were produced by the normal group than by the RSA group. On the other hand, significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines were produced by the RSA group than by the normal pregnancy group. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion is associated with an increase in Th1-type reactivity, while Th2 dominance is a feature of successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makhseed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University.
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Gunaid AA, Al-Khally FM, Hassan NA, Murray-Lyon IM. Chewing Qat leaves slows the whole gut transit time. Saudi Med J 1999; 20:444-447. [PMID: 27632652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gunaid
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Sana'a, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
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Makhseed M, Musini VM, Hassan NA, Saker E. Post-invasion change in the trend of complications and outcome of pregnancy in Maternity Hospital Kuwait from 1981 to 1995. Med Confl Surviv 1999; 15:161-70. [PMID: 10371871 DOI: 10.1080/13623699908409451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To assess the trend in the complications and outcome of pregnancy in Maternity Hospital, Kuwait, a retrospective analysis of yearly hospital statistics books and labour ward records of patients delivering in Maternity Hospital Kuwait was carried out for the period 1981 to 1995. In the post-invasion period there is a significant rise in: primiparity; mothers aged 35 years or older; Kuwaiti mothers; and in multiple pregnancy. The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and hysterectomy for postpartum haemorrhage also increased. There was a significant increase in spontaneous abortions and low birth weight babies. The incidence of hydatidiform mole has significantly decreased. Still birth rate shows a decreasing trend in the study period. The significant change in the age and parity of the mothers delivering in the post-invasion period might partly explain the above changes. However, the effect of environmental pollution, social and psychological stress, and anxiety due to war may have also contributed to an increase in the complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makhseed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuwait University and Maternity Hospital, Kuwait
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Abstract
The ever-increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus is a cause for growing public health concern in both developed and developing countries. In this study, we aim to explore the special demographic and clinical features of diabetes, as seen in a large sample of Yemeni patients, and to compare these features with those reported in other countries. All patients referred to our diabetic clinic over a five-year period were investigated according to a standardized protocol. Data was collected and fed into a personal computer with a software statistical package for analysis. The relative frequencies of clinical classes of diabetes were 10.5% for IDD, 58.6% for non-obese NIDDM; 26.2% for obese NIDDM, and 4.7% for IGT. In the IDDM class, the age-specific relative frequency rate showed a higher and earlier onset peak frequency in females than in males. Among NIDDM class, about 31% of patients were diagnosed under the age of 45 years, and only 12% were first diagnosed after the age of 65 years. Most NIDDM patients came from social classes I and II (professionals and intermediate professionals) and most IDDM patients came from social class IIIM (skilled manual). A positive family history of diabetes among first-degree relatives of index patients was observed in 33.7% of IDDM patients, in 30% of non-obese NIDDM patients, in 39.2% of obese NIDDM patients and 32% of IGT patients. Female NIDDM patients had a significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) than males (P<0.0001). Hypertension was recognized in 24.2% of the diabetic population aged 20 to A(3) 65 years. Large vessel disease (LVD) was observed in 28% of patients, small vessel disease (SVD) in 45%, and peripheral neuropathy in 40.7%. Inadequate glycemic control was noticed during follow-up in the majority of patients. Diabetes mellitus in Yemen, especially NIDDM, is characterized by an earlier age at onset, and predominance of males and non-obese NIDM subclass. Other characteristics include moderate genetic susceptibility, inadequate glycemic control and high prevalence of chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gunaid
- Departments of Medicine, Clinical Physiology, and Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Sana'a, Yemen, and Department of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Yamada K, Nakao A, Takasugi M, Itoh Y, Hassan NA, Sugano M. Effect of reaction temperature on the determination of rat serum IgE by the avidin-biotin method. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996; 60:1891-2. [PMID: 8987869 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We established an avidin-biotin method for the sensitive determination of rat IgE and found that a non-specific signal was generated depending on the reaction temperature. When the sera of rats immunized or not with ovalbumin (OVA) were fractionated in a hydroxyapatite column and OVA-specific IgE was determined by the avidin-biotin method at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C, OVA-specific IgE peaks were detected at 37 degrees C, even with nonimmunized rats, but not at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamada
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Foster RW, Jubber AS, Hassan NA, Franke B, Vernillet L, Denouel J, Carpenter JR, Small RC. Trials of the bronchodilator activity of the xanthine analogue SDZ MKS 492 in healthy volunteers during a methacholine challenge test. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 45:227-34. [PMID: 8276046 DOI: 10.1007/bf00315388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An approximately steady-state reduction of specific airway conductance was induced in healthy human subjects by means of an individualized inhaled methacholine loading dose followed by a maintenance dose regime. Tested against this background bronchoconstriction, the xanthine analogue SDZ MKS 492, when administered as a single oral dose of 40 mg, showed a significant bronchodilator action, which lasted for up to 5.5 h. Bronchodilatation was not seen after administration of 10 or 20 mg doses. SDZ MKS 492 inhaled as a dry powder had a bronchodilator action that was small, most evident with the 12 mg dose and transient. The peak relief of imposed bronchoconstriction was 29% and the apparent half-time of removal of SDZ MKS 492 from its site of action was 5-6 min. Inhaled SDZ 492 had a bitter taste that was not masked by inclusion of menthol and aspartame in the formulation. The bronchodilatation seen in laboratory animals can also be produced by SDZ MKS 492 in man when administered orally or by inhalation. Its magnitude correlates better with the plasma concentration of parent drug than with that of either of the identified metabolites. Dispositional processes in the lung abbreviate its action after administration by inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Foster
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Manchester, UK
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Abstract
The individual airway responsiveness to inhaled, nebulized methacholine (MeCh) was estimated in normal volunteers, measuring specific airway conductance (sGAW). The dose of MeCh was increased logarithmically until a 60-65% reduction from baseline sGAW or an asymptotic approach to a maximal response was attained. The concentration of MeCh that caused a 35% reduction in sGAW (PC35), the dose that caused a 62.5% reduction in sGAW, the slope of the straight, central part of the log-dose-response curve (LDRC), the slope of the straight, initial part of the dose-response curve, the maximal response attainable (Emax) and the dose causing a half-maximal response (ED50) were derived. These parameters were transformed as necessary to attain normality of distribution. Relationships between them were examined by measuring the correlations between their transformed values. The ED50 was taken to represent the least biased estimate of the sensitivity to MeCh. The PC35 was the best practical estimate of sensitivity. The Emax was taken to represent the least biased estimate of the reactivity to MeCh. The slope of the LDRC was the best practical estimate of reactivity. The sensitivity and reactivity varied independently in these normal subjects. Each was also independent of the baseline sGAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Jubber
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Manchester, UK
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Hassan NA, al-Ani MR, Lafta AM, Kassir ZA. Value of breath hydrogen test in detection of hypolactasia in patients with chronic diarrhoea. J Chromatogr 1990; 530:102-7. [PMID: 2126016 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N A Hassan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Saddam College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
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Lasch EE, Abed Y, Guenina A, Hassan NA, Abu Amara I, Abdallah K. Evaluation of the impact of oral rehydration therapy on the outcome of diarrheal disease in a large community. Isr J Med Sci 1983; 19:995-7. [PMID: 6662692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases are a serious public health problem in the Gaza Strip, being the most important cause of hospitalization in infants and responsible for about half of postneonatal deaths, Oral rehydration therapy using oral rehydration solution (ORS), a formula recommended by WHO, has been proven effective in the treatment of dehydration in acute childhood diarrhea. The availability of a well-organized health service in Gaza provided an excellent opportunity to institute a large-scale project to evaluate the effectiveness of early ORS therapy in reducing diarrhea-related hospital admissions, mortality and malnutrition. A 3-year program was started in 1979, encompassing all community health centers and including intensive community education in the use of ORS. Compared with the prestudy year 1977, diarrhea-related hospital admissions were reduced by 35.3% in 1980 and 42.0% in 1981; hospital deaths from diarrheal diseases were reduced 34.4 and 37.4% in 1980 and 1981, respectively. Total deaths in the 0- to 3-year age-group were reduced by 28.7% in 1980 and by 41.7% in 1981. Diarrheal mortality was reduced by 35.6% in 1980 and 53.2% in 1981. This study succeeded in establishing active community and family participation.
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