1
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Hanrahan M, Barrett P. Estimated prevalence of HIV among Ukrainian refugees. Ir Med J 2023; 116:830. [PMID: 37791649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
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2
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White P, Corcoran P, Griffin E, Arensman E, Barrett P. An analysis of hospital-treated attempted hanging and drowning in Ireland, 2007-2019. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Highly lethal of methods of self-harm, such as attempted hanging and drowning, are a major public health concern due to their high associated risk of completed suicide. This study aims to describe hospital presentations for attempted hanging and drowning in Ireland and explore the factors associated with self-harm and repeat self-harm by these methods.
Methods
Data on all self-harm presentations to Irish hospitals (2007-2019) were obtained from the National Self-Harm Registry Ireland, a national surveillance system of hospital-treated self-harm. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with any presentation for attempted hanging and drowning and factors associated with repetition of attempted hanging and drowning.
Results
There were 9,719 and 4,637 attempted hanging and drowning hospital presentations, respectively, in Ireland in 2007-2019. The odds of presentations being due to hanging, rather than due to any other self-harm method, were highest for males (aOR 2.88, 95% CI: 2.76-3.02), children aged <15 (aOR 1.32, 1.17-1.48) and in summer (aOR 1.09, 1.02-1.14). The odds of presentations being due to drowning, rather than due to any other self-harm method, were highest for those aged ≥55 (aOR 1.60, 1.43-1.78), homeless individuals (aOR 2.59, 2.32-2.89) and in autumn (aOR 1.15, 1.06-1.25). Repetition of attempted hanging was positively associated with homelessness (aOR 2.47, 2.02-3.04) and acute alcohol ingestion (aOR 1.12, 1.02-1.23). Similar associations were observed for repetition of attempted drowning.
Conclusions
This study identifies key population groups for whom the risk of self-harm, or repeat self-harm, by hanging and drowning is greatest. Universal, targeted and indicated interventions are needed to address the determinants of highly lethal methods of self-harm. Biopsychosocial assessments of those presenting after attempted hanging and drowning are essential, in view of their high risk of repeat self-harm and suicide.
Key messages
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Affiliation(s)
- P White
- Department of Public Health, HSE-South , Cork, Ireland
| | - P Corcoran
- National Suicide Research Foundation , Cork, Ireland
| | - E Griffin
- National Suicide Research Foundation , Cork, Ireland
| | - E Arensman
- National Suicide Research Foundation , Cork, Ireland
| | - P Barrett
- Department of Public Health, HSE-South , Cork, Ireland
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3
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White P, Boland M, O’Sullivan M, Bambury N, Deignan P, Dean J, Carroll C, Doyle S, Barrett P. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 arising from international flights arriving in Ireland in December 2020: a descriptive analysis using national surveillance data. Public Health 2022; 204:49-53. [PMID: 35172222 PMCID: PMC8747967 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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An SQ, Hull R, Metris A, Barrett P, Webb JS, Stoodley P. An in vitro biofilm model system to facilitate study of microbial communities of the human oral cavity. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:302-310. [PMID: 34826143 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human oral cavity is host to a diverse microbiota. Much of what is known about the behaviour of oral microbes derives from studies of individual or several cultivated species, situations which do not totally reflect the function of organisms within more complex microbiota or multispecies biofilms. The number of validated models that allow examination of the role that biofilms play during oral cavity colonization is also limited. The CDC biofilm reactor is a standard method that has been deployed to study interactions between members of human microbiotas allowing studies to be completed during an extended period under conditions where nutrient availability, and washout of waste products are controlled. The objective of this work was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum to study the development, reproducibility and stability of the oral microbiota. By employing deep sequencing of the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, we found that the CDC biofilm reactor could be used to efficiently cultivate microbiota containing all six major phyla previously identified as the core saliva microbiota. After an acclimatisation period, communities in each reactor stabilised. Replicate reactors were predominately populated by a shared core microbiota; variation between replicate reactors was primarily driven by shifts in abundance of shared operational taxonomic units. We conclude that the CDC biofilm reactor can be used to cultivate communities that replicate key features of the human oral cavity and is a useful tool to facilitate studies of the dynamics of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Q An
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R Hull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Academic Health Science Network Limited, Southampton, UK
| | - A Metris
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - P Barrett
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - J S Webb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Stoodley
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton, Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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5
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Gaskin PS, Chami P, Nancoo T, Warner P, Barrett P, Mayers Y. Electronic based reported anthropometry-A useful tool for interim monitoring of obesity prevalence in developing states. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243202. [PMID: 33284831 PMCID: PMC7721176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide participation in electronic surveys and reliable reporting of anthropometry can serve to reduce costs associated with monitoring of obesity among adolescents where resources are limited. We conducted a single school pilot study among Caribbean adolescents to assess use of electronic surveys and whether face to face encouragement could promote enrollment. In addition, we assessed students' ability to reliably report simple anthropometry. METHODS Students were provided with access to an electronic survey on anthropometry and food preferences regarding school-based food offerings. Responses to survey questions were presented as percentages. A sample of students also had their heights and weights measured after reporting these measures from memory. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to assess reliability among measurers and Bland-Altman plots, consistency between student reported and recorded anthropometric measures and Support Vector Machine to assess robustness of anthropometry prediction models. RESULTS Response rate to the electronic survey was low (9%). Students were able to interpret questions; open-ended options were inappropriately used 13% of the time. Post survey qualitative responses indicated displeasure with use of school-associated e-mail addresses. Concerns with confidentiality were expressed as well as preference for completion of surveys during school time. Students reliably reported anthropometry most measures fell within the 95% CI of Bland-Altman plots. SVM classified with a prediction accuracy of 95%. Estimates of overweight from recorded and reported measures were similar. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents are able to report simple anthropometry, and this can be used to help with monitoring of growth and overweight. Although they are capable of competently completing electronic surveys, school-based email is an ineffective contact tool. In-person school-based contact and administration of surveys are preferred. Adolescents can reliably report simple anthropometry that can be utilized for estimation of overweight/obesity prevalence. This method can be widely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Gaskin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Chami
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Tamara Nancoo
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Patricia Warner
- Ministry of Education, Technological and Vocational Training Barbados, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Patrick Barrett
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Yvette Mayers
- The St. Michael School Barbados, Bridgetown, Barbados
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6
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Edmondson C, Westrupp N, Seddon P, Olden C, Wallis C, Dawson C, Brodlie M, Baxter F, McCormick J, Connon M, Blaikie L, Thursfield R, Brown L, Price A, Fleischer E, Hughes D, Barrett P, Mak D, Wallenburg J, Brownlee K, Alton E, Bush A, Davies J. ePS5.09 CLInical Monitoring and Biomarkers to stratify severity and predict outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis (CLIMB-CF): usability results from our feasibility study. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Ellis R, Tang D, Nasr B, Greenwood A, McConnell A, Anagnostou M, Elias M, Verykiou S, Bajwa D, Ewen T, Reynolds N, Barrett P, Carling E, Watson G, Armstrong J, Allen A, Horswell S, Labus M, Lovat P. 测量两种蛋白质, 帮助评估哪种黑色素瘤最有可能传播. Br J Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Ellis R, Tang D, Nasr B, Greenwood A, McConnell A, Anagnostou M, Elias M, Verykiou S, Bajwa D, Ewen T, Reynolds N, Barrett P, Carling E, Watson G, Armstrong J, Allen A, Horswell S, Labus M, Lovat P. Measuring two proteins to help assess which melanomas are most likely to spread. Br J Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Barrett P, McCarthy FP, Kublickiene K, Cormican S, Judge C, Evans M, Kublickas M, Perry IJ, Stenvinkel P, Khashan AS. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of maternal renal disease: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little is known about the long-term risk of renal disease following adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes (GDM) or preterm delivery. We aimed to investigate associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), by synthesising results of relevant studies.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science was done up to July 2018. Case-control and cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they provided original effect estimates for associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes (HDP, GDM, preterm) and maternal renal disease (primary outcomes: CKD, ESKD; secondary outcomes: renal hospitalisation, renal mortality). Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for each association.
Results
Of 5,120 studies retrieved, 21 studies met inclusion criteria (4,483,847 participants). HDP was associated with increased odds of ESKD (AOR 6.58, 95%CI 4.06-10.65), CKD (AOR 2.08, 95%CI 1.06-4.10), renal hospitalisation (AOR 2.29, 95%CI 1.42-3.71). The magnitude of association was dependent on HDP subtype: AOR for preeclampsia and ESKD was 4.87 (95%CI 3.01-7.87); gestational hypertension and ESKD was 3.65 (95%CI 2.34-5.67); other HDP (including chronic hypertension) and ESKD was 14.67 (95%CI 3.21-66.97). Preterm delivery was associated with increased odds of ESKD (AOR 2.16, 95%CI 1.64-2.85). GDM was associated with increased odds of CKD among black women (AOR 1.78, 95%CI 1.18-2.70), but not Caucasian women (AOR 0.81, 95%CI 0.58-1.13)
Conclusions
Women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes have increased odds of renal disease, especially after HDP. Risk stratification and preventive interventions may be needed to reduce the risk of clinically significant renal disease in mothers.
Key messages
This is the first study to summarise the long-term risk of renal disease among women who experience a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women who experience hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, preterm delivery, or gestational diabetes are at increased odds of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - S Cormican
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Judge
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Evans
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kublickas
- Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I J Perry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P Stenvinkel
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Barrett P, McCarthy FP, Evans M, Kublickas M, Perry IJ, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K, Khashan AS. Preterm delivery is associated with long-term risk of maternal renal disease. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Preterm delivery is an independent risk factor for maternal cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the association between preterm delivery and maternal renal function, and whether any association is independent of preeclampsia or intra-uterine growth restriction. This study aimed to examine the association between gestational age and long-term maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Methods
Using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, singleton live births from 1973-2012 were identified and linked to data from the Swedish Renal Register and National Patient Register (up to 2013). Women with pre-pregnancy CKD/ESKD, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus were excluded. Gestational age at delivery was the main exposure, treated as a time-dependent variable. Primary outcomes were maternal CKD or ESKD. Cox regression was used, adjusting for maternal age, year of delivery, country of origin, education, parity, interpregnancy interval, smoking, BMI, gestational diabetes. Models were stratified by exposure to preeclampsia or small for gestational age (SGA).
Results
There were 3,847,694 pregnancies among 1,990,273 unique women. Nine percent of women (n = 172,915) had at least one preterm delivery (<37 weeks). Exposure to preterm delivery was associated with higher risk of CKD (aHR 1.48, 95%CI 1.41-1.54) and ESKD (aHR 2.52, 95%CI 2.17-2.92). Earlier gestational age at delivery was associated with increasing risk of CKD and ESKD. Women with spontaneous preterm delivery were at higher risk of CKD (vs. normal term, aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.26-1.40) and ESKD (aHR 2.02, 95%CI 1.69-2.40) independently of preeclampsia/SGA. Associations persisted after excluding women who developed postpartum cardiovascular disease, hypertension or diabetes.
Conclusions
Women who gave birth at earlier gestation were at higher risk of later CKD and ESKD. This association persisted independently of preeclampsia and SGA.
Key messages
Preterm delivery is an independent predictor of long-term maternal renal disease. Obstetric history should be considered as part of overall risk stratification for chronic kidney disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - M Evans
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kublickas
- Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I J Perry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P Stenvinkel
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - A S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Ellis R, Tang D, Nasr B, Greenwood A, McConnell A, Anagnostou ME, Elias M, Verykiou S, Bajwa D, Ewen T, Reynolds NJ, Barrett P, Carling E, Watson G, Armstrong J, Allen AJ, Horswell S, Labus M, Lovat PE. Epidermal autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 and loricrin: a paradigm shift in the prognostication and stratification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I melanomas. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:156-165. [PMID: 31056744 PMCID: PMC6973157 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The updated American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging criteria for melanoma remain unable to identify high-risk stage I tumour subsets. OBJECTIVES To determine the utility of epidermal autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 (AMBRA1)/loricrin (AMLo) expression as a prognostic biomarker for AJCC stage I cutaneous melanoma. METHODS Peritumoral AMBRA1 expression was evaluated in a retrospective discovery cohort of 76 AJCC stage I melanomas. AMLo expression was correlated with clinical outcomes up to 12 years in two independent powered, retrospective validation and qualification cohorts comprising 379 AJCC stage I melanomas. RESULTS Decreased AMBRA1 expression in the epidermis overlying primary melanomas in a discovery cohort of 76 AJCC stage I tumours was associated with a 7-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of 81·5% vs. 100% survival with maintained AMBRA1 (P < 0·081). Following an immunohistochemistry protocol for semi-quantitative analysis of AMLo, analysis was undertaken in validation (n = 218) and qualification cohorts (n = 161) of AJCC stage I melanomas. Combined cohort analysis revealed a DFS rate of 98·3% in the AMLo low-risk group (n = 239) vs. 85·4% in the AMLo high-risk cohort (n = 140; P < 0·001). Subcohort multivariate analysis revealed that an AMLo hazard ratio (HR) of 4·04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·69-9·66; P = 0·002] is a stronger predictor of DFS than Breslow depth (HR 2·97, 95% CI 0·93-9·56; P = 0·068) in stage IB patients. CONCLUSIONS Loss of AMLo expression in the epidermis overlying primary AJCC stage I melanomas identifies high-risk tumour subsets independently of Breslow depth. What's already known about this topic? There is an unmet clinical need for biomarkers of early-stage melanoma. Autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 (AMBRA1) is a proautophagy regulatory protein with known roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, and is a known tumour suppressor. Loricrin is a marker of epidermal terminal differentiation. What does this study add? AMBRA1 has a functional role in keratinocyte/epidermal proliferation and differentiation. The combined decrease/loss of peritumoral AMBRA1 and loricrin is associated with a significantly increased risk of metastatic spread in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I tumours vs. melanomas, in which peritumoral AMBRA1 and loricrin are maintained, independently of Breslow depth. What is the translational message? The integration of peritumoral epidermal AMBRA1/loricrin biomarker expression into melanoma care guidelines will facilitate more accurate, personalized risk stratification for patients with AJCC stage I melanomas, thereby facilitating stratification for appropriate follow-up and informing postdiagnostic investigations, including sentinel lymph node biopsy, ultimately resulting in improved disease outcomes and rationalization of healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ellis
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
| | - D Tang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
| | - B Nasr
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.,Department of Pathology, University of North Durham Hospital, Durham, U.K
| | - A Greenwood
- Department of Pathology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
| | - A McConnell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - M E Anagnostou
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - M Elias
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - S Verykiou
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - D Bajwa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - T Ewen
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - N J Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - P Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of North Durham Hospital, Durham, U.K
| | - E Carling
- Department of Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K
| | - G Watson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.,Department of Pathology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
| | - J Armstrong
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, U.K
| | - A J Allen
- NIHR Newcastle In Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - S Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Bio Statistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London, U.K
| | - M Labus
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - P E Lovat
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
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12
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Edmondson C, Westrupp N, Seddon P, Olden C, Wallis C, Dawson C, Brodlie M, Baxter F, McCormick J, Connon M, Blaikie L, Thursfield R, Brown L, Price A, Fleischer E, Hughes D, Barrett P, Haider S, Fontanella S, Mak D, Wallenburg J, Brownlee K, Alton E, Bush A, Davies J. ePS5.07 CLInical Monitoring and Biomarkers to stratify severity and predict outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis (CLIMB-CF): results from the feasibility study. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Ellis R, McConnell A, Tang D, Nasr B, Greenwood A, Watson G, Barrett P, Horswell S, Labus M, Lovat P. 996 Epidermal AMBRA1 and Loricrin; A paradigm shift in prognostication and stratification of AJCC stage I melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Barrett P, O'Donnell K, Fitzgerald M, Schmidt AJ, Hickson F, Quinlan M, Keogh P, O'Connor L, McCartney D, Igoe D. Drug use among men who have sex with men in Ireland: Prevalence and associated factors from a national online survey. Int J Drug Policy 2018; 64:5-12. [PMID: 30513421 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence and determinants of drug use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ireland. The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence of recreational drug use among MSM in a national sample, and to identify sub-groups of MSM who may benefit from targeted preventive interventions. METHODS The MSM Internet Survey Ireland (MISI) 2015 was a community-recruited, nationally-promoted, self-completed online survey for MSM. MISI 2015 included standardised questions on recreational drugs, poppers, and drugs associated with chemsex (i.e. crystal methamphetamine, GBL/GHB, mephedrone, ketamine). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with use of these substances. RESULTS In the previous year, 36% of MSM used recreational drugs, 33% used poppers, and 7% used drugs associated with chemsex. Five percent were diagnosed HIV-positive. Recreational drug users were significantly younger than non-users (median = 27 vs. 32 years; p < 0.001); popper users were significantly older than non-users (median = 34 vs. 28 years; p < 0.001). The odds of recreational drug use were higher among MSM diagnosed HIV-positive (vs. never tested; AOR 2.27, 95%CI 1.39-3.70). Use of poppers, and use of drugs associated with chemsex, were also higher among MSM diagnosed HIV-positive (vs. never tested; AOR 3.77, 95%CI 2.41-5.90, and AOR 5.87, 95%CI 3.08-11.18 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of recreational drug use is higher among MSM than in the general population in Ireland, and it is particularly high among MSM diagnosed HIV-positive. Targeted harm reduction messages and preventive interventions are warranted to complement population-based approaches to reducing drug use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barrett
- Department of Public Health (HSE-South), St. Finbarr's Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - K O'Donnell
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A J Schmidt
- Sigma Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - F Hickson
- Sigma Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - P Keogh
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, The Open University, UK
| | - L O'Connor
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D McCartney
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - D Igoe
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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O'Donnell K, Fitzgerald M, Quinlan M, Hickson F, Keogh P, Schmidt AJ, McCartney D, Barrett P, O'Dea S, Igoe D. Inequalities in HIV testing uptake and needs among men who have sex with men living in Ireland: findings from an internet survey. HIV Med 2018; 20:157-163. [PMID: 30457205 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ireland. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of HIV testing among MSM living in Ireland to inform prevention and testing initiatives. METHODS We used data from the MSM Internet Survey Ireland 2015 (MISI 2015), a cross-sectional survey of MSM living in Ireland. We identified factors associated with never having tested for HIV using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. We identified preferred sites for future tests and examined the relationships between unmet HIV testing needs and socio-demographic groups. RESULTS More than one-third (n = 1006; 36%) of MSM had never tested for HIV. Multivariable logistic regression showed that untested men were more likely to be aged 18-24 years, live outside Dublin, have a lower level of education, be born in Ireland, identify as bisexual, be out to fewer people, and not have had sex with a man in the previous 12 months. The same groups of men also had the least knowledge about HIV and were least confident in accessing an HIV test. Men who had never tested for HIV were more likely to prefer testing by their general practitioner (GP) or using home sampling HIV kits and less likely to prefer testing in a sexual health clinic. CONCLUSIONS HIV prevention and testing programmes for MSM should be targeted towards younger men, those living outside Dublin and those with lower levels of education. We recommend increased promotion and availability of free HIV testing services in a range of clinical and nonclinical settings (including self-sampling and home testing).
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Affiliation(s)
- K O'Donnell
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - P Keogh
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - D McCartney
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - P Barrett
- Department of Public Health (HSE-South), St Finbarr's Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - S O'Dea
- Gay Men's Health Service, HSE, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Igoe
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Meier T, Suh J, Barrett P, Patt M, Graham S, Chao S. Enhancing Quality Improvement with In Radiation Oncology at a Large Teaching Institution: The Survey Says. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Naidoo K, Tighe I, Barrett P, Bajaj V. Acitretin as a successful treatment for Hailey–Hailey disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:450-452. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Naidoo
- Department of Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences the Medical School Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of North DurhamDurhamUK
| | - I. Tighe
- Department of Dermatological Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences the Medical School Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - P. Barrett
- Department of Histopathology University Hospital of North Durham Durham UK
| | - V. Bajaj
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of North DurhamDurhamUK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barrett
- Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Peter Hodgkinson Centre, Lincoln, UK
| | - P Linsley
- University of East Anglia, Colney, Norwich, UK
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19
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Bank JHH, Wilson D, Rijntjes E, Barrett P, Herwig A. Alternation between short- and long photoperiod reveals hypothalamic gene regulation linked to seasonal body weight changes in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28514514 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Djungarian hamsters are able to reduce their body weight by more than 30% in anticipation of the winter season. This particular adaptation to extreme environmental conditions is primarily driven by a natural reduction in day length and conserved under laboratory conditions. We used this animal model to investigate hypothalamic gene expression linked to body weight regulation behind this physiological phenomenon. After an initial collective short photoperiod (SP) adaptation for 14 weeks from a preceding long photoperiod (LP), hamsters were re-exposed to LP for either 6 or 14 weeks, followed by a second re-exposure to SP for 8 weeks. Our data showed that re-exposure to LP led to an increase in body weight. In the hypothalamus Dio2, Vimentin, Crbp1 and Grp50 expression increased, whereas expression of Dio3, Mct8 and Srif decreased. The changes in body weight and gene expression were reversible in most hamsters after a further re-exposure to SP following 6 or 14 weeks in LP. Interestingly, after 14 weeks in LP, body weight loss was pronounced in six hamsters re-exposed to SP, but five hamsters did not respond. In nonresponding hamsters, a different gene expression pattern was manifested, with the exception of Dio2, which was reduced not only in SP re-exposed hamsters, but also in hamsters maintained in LP. Taken together, these data suggest that body weight regulation appears to be tightly linked to a co-ordinated regulation of several genes in the hypothalamus, including those involved in thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H H Bank
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Wilson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Barrett
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A Herwig
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Aguilar R, Johnson JM, Barrett P, Tuohy VK. Vaccination with inhibin-α provides effective immunotherapy against testicular stromal cell tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:37. [PMID: 28428886 PMCID: PMC5394616 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer is the most common male neoplasm occurring in men between the ages of 20 and 34. Although germ-line testicular tumors respond favorably to current standard of care, testicular stromal cell (TSC) tumors derived from Sertoli cells or Leydig cells often fail to respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy and have a 5-year overall survival significantly lower than the more common and more treatable germ line testicular tumors. METHODS To improve outcomes for TSC cancer, we have developed a therapeutic vaccine targeting inhibin-α, a protein produced by normal Sertoli and Leydig cells of the testes and expressed in the majority of TSC tumors. RESULTS We found that vaccination against recombinant mouse inhibin-α provides protection and therapy against transplantable I-10 mouse TSC tumors in male BALB/c mice. Similarly, we found that vaccination with the immunodominant p215-234 peptide of inhibin-α (Inα 215-234) inhibits the growth of autochthonous TSC tumors occurring in male SJL.AMH-SV40Tag transgenic mice. The tumor immunity and enhanced overall survival induced by inhibin-α vaccination may be passively transferred into naive male BALB/c recipients with either CD4+ T cells, B220+ B cells, or sera from inhibin-α primed mice. CONCLUSIONS Considering the lack of any alternative effective treatment for chemo- and radiation-resistant TSC tumors, our results provide for the first time a rational basis for immune-mediated control of these aggressive and lethal variants of testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,Department of Biology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH USA.,Western Reserve Academy, Hudson, OH USA
| | - Justin M Johnson
- Department of Immunology, NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,Department of Biology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Patrick Barrett
- Department of Immunology, NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Vincent K Tuohy
- Department of Immunology, NB30, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,Department of Biology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
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21
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Vallabhaneni S, Kallen A, Tsay S, Chow N, Welsh R, Kerins J, Kemble SK, Pacilli M, Black SR, Landon E, Ridgway J, Palmore TN, Zelzany A, Adams EH, Quinn M, Chaturvedi S, Greenko J, Fernandez R, Southwick K, Furuya EY, Calfee DP, Hamula C, Patel G, Barrett P, Lafaro P, Berkow EL, Moulton-Meissner H, Noble-Wang J, Fagan RP, Jackson BR, Lockhart SR, Litvintseva AP, Chiller TM. Investigation of the First Seven Reported Cases of Candida auris, a Globally Emerging Invasive, Multidrug-Resistant Fungus-United States, May 2013-August 2016. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:296-299. [PMID: 28029734 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
November 11, 2016/65(44);1234-1237. What is already known about this topic? Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic fungus that has been reported from at least a dozen countries on four continents during 2009-2015. The organism is difficult to identify using traditional biochemical methods, some isolates have been found to be resistant to all three major classes of antifungal medications, and C. auris has caused health care-associated outbreaks. What is added by this report? This is the first description of C. auris cases in the United States. C. auris appears to have emerged in the United States only in the last few years, and U.S. isolates are related to isolates from South America and South Asia. Evidence from U.S. case investigations suggests likely transmission of the organism occurred in health care settings. What are the implications for public health practice? It is important that U.S. laboratories accurately identify C. auris and for health care facilities to implement recommended infection control practices to prevent the spread of C. auris. Local and state health departments and CDC should be notified of possible cases of C. auris and of isolates of C. haemulonii and Candida spp. that cannot be identified after routine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vallabhaneni
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Kallen
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - S Tsay
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - N Chow
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - R Welsh
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - J Kerins
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA.,Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL
| | - S K Kemble
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL
| | - M Pacilli
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL
| | - S R Black
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL
| | - E Landon
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - T N Palmore
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Zelzany
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - E H Adams
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY
| | - M Quinn
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY
| | - S Chaturvedi
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY
| | - J Greenko
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY
| | - R Fernandez
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY
| | - K Southwick
- New York State Department of Health, New York, NY
| | - E Y Furuya
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | | | - C Hamula
- Mount Sinai Health System/Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - G Patel
- Mount Sinai Health System/Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - P Barrett
- New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ
| | - P Lafaro
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - E L Berkow
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - J Noble-Wang
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - R P Fagan
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - B R Jackson
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - S R Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - A P Litvintseva
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
| | - T M Chiller
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food Water and Environmental Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA
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22
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Dumbell R, Petri I, Scherbarth F, Diedrich V, Schmid HA, Steinlechner S, Barrett P. Somatostatin Agonist Pasireotide Inhibits Exercise-Stimulated Growth in the Male Siberian Hamster (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 27874965 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) is a seasonal mammal, exhibiting a suite of physiologically and behaviourally distinct traits dependent on the time of year and governed by changes in perceived day length (photoperiod). These attributes include significant weight loss, reduced food intake, gonadal atrophy and pelage change with short-day photoperiod as in winter. The central mechanisms driving seasonal phenotype change during winter are mediated by a reduced availability of hypothalamic triiodothyronine (T3), although the downstream mechanisms responsible for physiological and behavioural changes are yet to be fully clarified. With access to a running wheel (RW) in short photoperiod, Siberian hamsters that have undergone photoperiod-mediated weight loss over-ride photoperiod-drive for reduced body weight and regain weight similar to a hamster held in long days. These changes occur despite retaining the majority of hypothalamic gene expression profiles appropriate for short-day hamsters. Utilising the somatostatin agonist pasireotide, we recently provided evidence for an involvement of the growth hormone (GH) axis in the seasonal regulation of bodyweight. In the present study, we employed pasireotide to test for the possible involvement of the GH axis in RW-induced body weight regulation. Pasireotide successfully inhibited exercise-stimulated growth in short-day hamsters and this was accompanied by altered hypothalamic gene expression of key GH axis components. Our data provide support for an involvement of the GH axis in the RW response in Siberian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dumbell
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - I Petri
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Scherbarth
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - V Diedrich
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - S Steinlechner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Barrett
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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23
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Jastroch M, Giroud S, Barrett P, Geiser F, Heldmaier G, Herwig A. Seasonal Control of Mammalian Energy Balance: Recent Advances in the Understanding of Daily Torpor and Hibernation. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27755687 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothermic mammals and birds require intensive energy turnover to sustain high body temperatures and metabolic rates. To cope with the energetic bottlenecks associated with the change of seasons, and to minimise energy expenditure, complex mechanisms and strategies are used, such as daily torpor and hibernation. During torpor, metabolic depression and low body temperatures save energy. However, these bouts of torpor, lasting for hours to weeks, are interrupted by active 'euthermic' phases with high body temperatures. These dynamic transitions require precise communication between the brain and peripheral tissues to defend rheostasis in energetics, body mass and body temperature. The hypothalamus appears to be the major control centre in the brain, coordinating energy metabolism and body temperature. The sympathetic nervous system controls body temperature by adjustments of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis, with the latter being primarily executed by brown adipose tissue. Over the last decade, comparative physiologists have put forward integrative studies on the ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular regulation of energy balance in response to seasonal challenges, food availability and ambient temperature. Mammals coping with such environments comprise excellent model organisms for studying the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism. Beyond the understanding of how animals survive in nature, these studies also uncover general mechanisms of mammalian energy homeostasis. This research will benefit efforts of translational medicine aiming to combat emerging human metabolic disorders. The present review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of energy balance and its neuronal and endocrine control during the most extreme metabolic fluctuations in nature: daily torpor and hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center & German Diabetes Center (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Giroud
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - F Geiser
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - G Heldmaier
- Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Herwig
- Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Yu N, Meier T, Packanik T, Barrett P, Chao S, Xia P, Suh J. Reduction of Table Position Overrides During External Beam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Abstract
This study reports on the gender differences in the responses to 34 questions comprising the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, as recorded by 508 males and 873 females who constituted the American standardization group for the questionnaire. The mean difference on the resulting M-F scale is statistically significant, being 2.28 ± 0.30 for the British sample and 5.21 ± 0.26 for the American sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Barrett
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of London
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26
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Stevenson TJ, Visser ME, Arnold W, Barrett P, Biello S, Dawson A, Denlinger DL, Dominoni D, Ebling FJ, Elton S, Evans N, Ferguson HM, Foster RG, Hau M, Haydon DT, Hazlerigg DG, Heideman P, Hopcraft JGC, Jonsson NN, Kronfeld-Schor N, Kumar V, Lincoln GA, MacLeod R, Martin SAM, Martinez-Bakker M, Nelson RJ, Reed T, Robinson JE, Rock D, Schwartz WJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tauber E, Thackeray SJ, Umstatter C, Yoshimura T, Helm B. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151453. [PMID: 26468242 PMCID: PMC4633868 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stevenson
- Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Arnold
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Biello
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Dawson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F J Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - N Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - P Heideman
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J G C Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - V Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G A Lincoln
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R J Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Reed
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rock
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Umstatter
- Agroscope, Tanikon, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Rose JA, Wanner N, Cheong HI, Queisser K, Barrett P, Park M, Hite C, Naga Prasad SV, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Flow Cytometric Quantification of Peripheral Blood Cell β-Adrenergic Receptor Density and Urinary Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156940. [PMID: 27270458 PMCID: PMC4896479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by severe angiogenic remodeling of the pulmonary artery wall and right ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, there is an increasing need for novel biomarkers to dissect disease heterogeneity, and predict treatment response. Although β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) dysfunction is well documented in left heart disease while endothelial cell-derived microparticles (Ec-MPs) are established biomarkers of angiogenic remodeling, methods for easy large clinical cohort analysis of these biomarkers are currently absent. Here we describe flow cytometric methods for quantification of βAR density on circulating white blood cells (WBC) and Ec-MPs in urine samples that can be used as potential biomarkers of right heart failure in PAH. Biotinylated β-blocker alprenolol was synthesized and validated as a βAR specific probe that was combined with immunophenotyping to quantify βAR density in circulating WBC subsets. Ec-MPs obtained from urine samples were stained for annexin-V and CD144, and analyzed by a micro flow cytometer. Flow cytometric detection of alprenolol showed that βAR density was decreased in most WBC subsets in PAH samples compared to healthy controls. Ec-MPs in urine was increased in PAH compared to controls. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between Ec-MPs and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in PAH patients. Therefore, flow cytometric quantification of peripheral blood cell βAR density and urinary Ec-MPs may be useful as potential biomarkers of right ventricular function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Rose
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Wanner
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hoi I. Cheong
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Queisser
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick Barrett
- Flow Cytometry Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Margaret Park
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Corrine Hite
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The abstract consideration of ethical questions in family and informal caregiving might rightly be criticized for ignoring the lived experience of people. This chapter seeks to avoid such oversight by reflecting on ethical issues in family care in a way that is based on careful social scientific inquiry into the well-being of caregivers. The chapter draws on our research and experience in working with family caregivers, both professionally and personally. We step back from a practical concern with policies to support the well-being of caregivers to consider ethical issues associated with their typically hidden role. The chapter begins by noting the growing reliance on family care today. It proceeds to outline the dynamic experience of moving into and out of the caregiver role, before discussing key ethical issues associated with family care. Many of these stem from the risk that caregivers can come to share in the reduced circumstances and vulnerability of those for whom they care. Critical ethical issues are related to the typically "unboundaried" responsibility of family caregivers for the well-being of the cared-for person, something that can be contrasted with the more boundaried and intermittent responsibility of formal caregivers. Additionally, all too often, family caregivers encounter situations where their responsibilities exceed their capacities, but where a choice to not provide care will result in harm to the cared-for person. In discussing these issues, this chapter seeks to make the case for developing more responsive forms of support that promote positive benefits for both caregivers and care recipients.
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Emmett CD, Barrett P, Gilliam AD, Mitchell AI. Routine versus selective histological examination after cholecystectomy to exclude incidental gallbladder carcinoma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:526-9. [PMID: 26274738 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gallstone disease is treated commonly with cholecystectomy. Malignant disease of the gallbladder may present similarly and has a poor prognosis. It is common for cholecystectomy specimens to be sent for histological examination to exclude malignancy. However, the incidence of incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) is low and it has therefore been suggested that macroscopic inspection of the gallbladder by the surgeon, followed by selective histological examination of abnormal specimens, may be safe and cost saving. Methods All cholecystectomies performed between 1 May 2003 and 1 September 2009 were identified from clinical coding. Pathology records were used to identify gallbladder malignancies; these were searched manually to identify IGBC. Pathology reports and case notes were cross-referenced to determine whether there were macroscopic abnormalities present. Annual cost savings were estimated by comparing the number of gallbladder specimens over one year (May 2013 - April 2014) with the total number of cholecystectomies performed in that time. Results Of 4,776 cholecystectomies identified, 12 (0.25%) were cases of IGBC. These cases had a higher median age (68 vs 54 years, p<0.001) and a higher proportion were emergency operations (50% vs 12%, p<0.001). All cases had some form of macroscopic abnormality, most commonly wall thickening (n=6, 50%). Only two cases (17%) had a visible tumour present. Conclusions All cases of IGBC in this study had a macroscopically abnormal gallbladder. Our findings suggest it is safe to adopt a selective approach to histological examination. Savings of almost £20,500 per annum have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Emmett
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - P Barrett
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - A D Gilliam
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - A I Mitchell
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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Cassie N, Barrett P. The effect of protein cross-linking on food intake, body weight and body composition in the Sprague Dawley rat. Appetite 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barrett P, Bradley C. Attitudes and perceived risk of cannabis use in Irish adolescents. Ir J Med Sci 2015; 185:643-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-015-1325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dumbell RA, Scherbarth F, Diedrich V, Schmid HA, Steinlechner S, Barrett P. Somatostatin Agonist Pasireotide Promotes a Physiological State Resembling Short-Day Acclimation in the Photoperiodic Male Siberian Hamster (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:588-99. [PMID: 25950084 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The timing of growth in seasonal mammals is inextricably linked to food availability. This is exemplified in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), which uses the annual cycle of photoperiod to optimally programme energy expenditure in anticipation of seasonal fluctuations in food resources. During the autumn, energy expenditure is progressively minimised by physiological adaptations, including a 30% reduction in body mass, comprising a reduction in both fat and lean tissues. However, the mechanistic basis of this adaptation is still unexplained. We hypothesised that growth hormone (GH) was a likely candidate to underpin these reversible changes in body mass. Administration of pasireotide, a long-acting somatostatin receptor agonist developed for the treatment of acromegaly, to male hamsters under a long-day (LD) photoperiod produced a body weight loss. This comprised a reduction in lean and fat mass, including kidneys, testes and brown adipose tissue, typically found in short-day (SD) housed hamsters. Furthermore, when administered to hamsters switched from SD to LD, pasireotide retarded the body weight increase compared to vehicle-treated hamsters. Pasireotide did not alter photoperiod-mediated changes in hypothalamic energy balance gene expression but altered the expression of Srif mRNA expression in the periventricular nucleus and Ghrh mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus consistent with a reduction in GH feedback and concurrent with reduced serum insulin-like growth factor-1. Conversely, GH treatment of SD hamsters increased body mass, which included increased mass of liver and kidneys. Together, these data indicate a role for the GH axis in the determination of seasonal body mass of the Siberian hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Dumbell
- Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - F Scherbarth
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - V Diedrich
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - S Steinlechner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Barrett P, Vuppalanchi R, Masuoka H, Chalasani N. Erratum to: Severe Drug-Induced Skin and Liver Injury from Rivaroxaban. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2210. [PMID: 25677975 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Building, Suite 225, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Barrett P, Vuppalanchi R, Masuoka H, Chalasani N. Severe drug-induced skin and liver injury from rivaroxaban. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1856-8. [PMID: 25559757 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Building, Suite 225, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Meier T, Suh J, Godley A, Hugebeck B, Barrett P, Kolar M, Chao S. A Rapid Large Increase in Patient Visits Can Compromise Quality and Safety in Radiation Oncology Treatment Delivery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yu N, Suh J, Kolar M, Kuras M, Barrett P, Chao S, Young R, Meier T, Xia P. Automatic Monitoring of Patient Chart Status Improves Workflow for External Beam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pereira AI, Marques T, Russo V, Barros L, Barrett P. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FRIENDS FOR LIFE PROGRAM IN PORTUGUESE SCHOOLS: STUDY WITH A SAMPLE OF HIGHLY ANXIOUS CHILDREN. Psychol Schs 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Marques
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - Vanessa Russo
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - Luísa Barros
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - P. Barrett
- University of Queensland; Pathways Health and Research Centre; Brisbane Australia
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de Vries EM, Kwakkel J, Eggels L, Kalsbeek A, Barrett P, Fliers E, Boelen A. NFκB signaling is essential for the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase of type 2 deiodinase in tanycytes. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2000-8. [PMID: 24635351 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme type 2 deiodinase (D2) is a major determinant of T₃ production in the central nervous system. It is highly expressed in tanycytes, a specialized cell type lining the wall of the third ventricle. During acute inflammation, the expression of D2 in tanycytes is up-regulated by a mechanism that is poorly understood at present, but we hypothesized that cJun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RelA) (the 65 kD subunit of NFκB) inflammatory signal transduction pathways are involved. In a mouse model for acute inflammation, we studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mRNA expression of D2, JNK1, and RelA in the periventricular area (PE) and the arcuate nucleus-median eminence of the hypothalamus. We next investigated LPS-induced D2 expression in primary tanycyte cell cultures. In the PE, the expression of D2 was increased by LPS. In the arcuate nucleus, but not in the PE, we found increased RelA mRNA expression. Likewise, LPS increased D2 and RelA mRNA expression in primary tanycyte cell cultures, whereas JNK1 mRNA expression did not change. Phosphorylation of RelA and JNK1 was increased in tanycyte cell cultures 15-60 minutes after LPS stimulation, confirming activation of these pathways. Finally, inhibition of RelA with the chemical inhibitors sulfasalazine and 4-Methyl-N¹-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene-1,2-diamine (JSH-23) in tanycyte cell cultures prevented the LPS-induced D2 increase. We conclude that NFκB signaling is essential for the up-regulation of D2 in tanycytes during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M de Vries
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (E.M.V., J.K., L.E., A.K., E.F., A.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health (P.B.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom; and Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Helwig M, Herwig A, Heldmaier G, Barrett P, Mercer JG, Klingenspor M. Photoperiod-dependent regulation of carboxypeptidase E affects the selective processing of neuropeptides in the seasonal Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:190-7. [PMID: 22967033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The production of bioactive peptides from biologically inactive precursors involves extensive post-translational processing, including enzymatic cleavage by proteolytic peptidases. Endoproteolytic prohormone-convertases initially cleave the precursors of many neuropeptides at specific amino acid sequences to generate intermediates with basic amino acid extensions on their C-termini. Subsequently, the related exopeptidases, carboxypeptidases D and E (CPD and CPE), are responsible for removing these amino acids before the peptides achieve biological activity. We investigated the effect of photoperiod on the processing of the neuropeptide precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and its derived neuropeptides, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and β-endorphin (END), within the hypothalamus of the seasonal Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). We thus compared hypothalamic distribution of CPD, CPE, α-MSH and β-END using immunohistochemistry and measured the enzyme activity of CPE and concentrations of C-terminally cleaved α-MSH in short-day (SD; 8 : 16 h light/dark) and long-day (LD; 16 : 8 h light/dark) acclimatised hamsters. Increased immunoreactivity (-IR) of CPE, as well as higher CPE activity, was observed in SD. This increase was accompanied by more β-END-IR cells and substantially higher levels of C- terminally cleaved α-MSH, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Our results suggest that exoproteolytic cleavage of POMC-derived neuropeptides is tightly regulated by photoperiod in the Siberian hamster. Higher levels of biological active α-MSH- and β-END in SD are consistent with the hypothesis that post-translational processing is a key event in the regulation of seasonal energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helwig
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Murphy M, Samms R, Warner A, Bolborea M, Barrett P, Fowler MJ, Brameld JM, Tsintzas K, Kharitonenkov A, Adams AC, Coskun T, Ebling FJP. Increased responses to the actions of fibroblast growth factor 21 on energy balance and body weight in a seasonal model of adiposity. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:180-9. [PMID: 22958332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the actions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on energy balance in a natural model of relative fatness, the Siberian hamster. Hamsters were studied under long days (LD) to promote weight gain, or short days to induce weight loss, and treated with rhFGF21 (3 mg/kg/day) via s.c. minipumps for 14 days. On days 7-9, detailed assessments of ingestive behaviour, metabolic gas exchange and locomotor activity were made. FGF21 caused substantial (P < 0.0001) weight loss in the fat LD state but not in the lean SD state: at the end of the study, FGF21-treated hamsters in LD lost 18% of body weight compared to vehicle controls, which is comparable to the natural body weight loss observed in SD. Epididymal fat pads, a correlate of total carcass fat content, were reduced by 19% in FGF21 treated hamsters in LD, whereas no difference was found in SD. Body weight loss in LD was associated with a reduction in food intake (P < 0.001) and a decreased respiratory exchange ratio (P < 0.001), indicating increased fat oxidation. Treatment with FGF21 maintained the normal nocturnal increase in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production into the early light phase in hamsters in LD, indicating increased energy expenditure, although locomotor activity was unaffected. These data suggest a greater efficacy of FGF21 in hamsters in LD compared to those in SD, which is consistent with both the peripheral and possibly central actions of FGF21 with respect to promoting a lean phenotype. The observed differences in FGF21 sensitivity may relate to day length-induced changes in adipose tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murphy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
Siberian hamsters are seasonal mammals that survive a winter climate by making adaptations in physiology and behaviour. This includes gonadal atrophy, reduced food intake and body weight. The underlying central mechanisms responsible for the physiological adaptations are not fully established but involve reducing hypothalamic tri-iodthyronine (T3) levels. Juvenile Siberian hamsters born or raised in short days (SD) respond in a similar manner, although with an inhibition of gonadal development and growth instead of reversing an established long day (LD) phenotype. Using juvenile male hamsters, the present study aimed to investigate whether the central mechanisms are similar before the establishment of the mature LD phenotype. By in situ hybridisation, we examined the response of genes involved in thyroid hormone (Dio2 and Dio3, which determine hypothalamic T3 levels) and glucose/glutamate metabolism in the ependymal layer, histamine H3 receptor and VGF as representatives of the highly responsive dorsomedial posterior arcuate nucleus (dmpARC), and somatostatin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in regulating the growth axis. Differential gene expression of type 2 and type 3 deiodinase in the ependymal layer, histamine H3 receptor in the dmpARC and somatostatin in the ARC was established by the eighth day in SD. These changes are followed by alterations in glucose metabolism related genes in the ependymal layer by day 16 and increased secretogranin expression in the dmpARC by day 32. In conclusion, our data demonstrate similar but rapid and highly responsive changes in gene expression in the brain of juvenile Siberian hamsters in response to a switch from LD to SD. The data also provide a temporal definition of gene expression changes relative to physiological adaptations of body weight and testicular development and highlight the likely importance of thyroid hormone availability as an early event in the adaptation of physiology to a winter climate in juvenile Siberian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herwig
- Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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42
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Barrett P. P-837 - An investigation of the attitudes and awareness of the risks associated with cannabis use in an Irish adolescent population. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Barrett P, Kline P, Paltiel L, Eysenck HJ. An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the concept 5.2 Occupational Personality Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feeney S, Muldoon E, Barrett P, Martos R, Mulvihill N, O'Flanagan D, Bergin C. Varicella infection and the impact of late entry into the Irish healthcare system. J Infect Public Health 2010; 3:106-12. [PMID: 20869670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case which highlights several areas of concern relating to the prevention and management of varicella in Ireland. We review the pathophysiology of this virus and highlight its greater potential for morbidity in certain groups, most particularly adult males. The experience and opinions with regard to varicella vaccination in the US and other temperate countries is reviewed along with evidence of changing epidemiology of varicella infection. The National Immunisation Advisory Committee (NIAC) guidelines are reviewed in the context of our experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Feeney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Jethwa PH, Warner A, Fowler MJ, Murphy M, de Backer MW, Adan RAH, Barrett P, Brameld JM, Ebling FJP. Short-days induce weight loss in Siberian hamsters despite overexpression of the agouti-related peptide gene. J Neuroendocrinol 2010; 22:564-75. [PMID: 20367758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many vertebrates express profound annual cycles of body fattening, although it is not clear whether these represent differential activity of the central pathways known to mediate homeostatic control of food intake and energy expenditure, or whether the recent discovery of a major role for pars tuberalis-ependymal signalling points towards novel mechanisms. We examined this in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) by using gene transfection to up-regulate a major orexigenic peptide, agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and then determined whether this increased anabolic drive could prevent the short-day induced winter catabolic state. Infusions of a recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding an AgRP construct into the hypothalamus of hamsters in the long-day obese phase of their seasonal cycle produced a 20% gain in body weight over 6 weeks compared to hamsters receiving a control reporter construct, reflecting a significant increase in food intake and a significant decrease in energy expenditure. However, all hamsters showed a significant, prolonged decrease in body weight when exposed to short photoperiods, despite the hamsters expressing the AgRP construct maintaining a higher food intake and lower energy expenditure relative to the control hamsters. Visualisation of the green fluorescent protein reporter and analysis of AgRP-immunoreactivity confirmed widespread expression of the construct in the hypothalamus, which was maintained for the 21-week duration of the study. In conclusion, the over-expression of AgRP in the hypothalamus produced a profoundly obese state but did not block the seasonal catabolic response, suggesting a separation of rheostatic mechanisms in seasonality from those maintaining homeostasis of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Jethwa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Ho E, Brown A, Barrett P, Morgan RB, King G, Kennedy MJ, Murphy RT. Subclinical anthracycline- and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in the long-term follow-up of asymptomatic breast cancer survivors: a speckle tracking echocardiographic study. Heart 2010; 96:701-7. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.173997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Hoggard N, Cruickshank M, Moar KM, Barrett P, Bashir S, Miller JDB. Inhibin betaB expression in murine adipose tissue and its regulation by leptin, insulin and dexamethasone. J Mol Endocrinol 2009; 43:171-7. [PMID: 19491194 DOI: 10.1677/jme-09-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inhibin betaB (INHBB; coding for the activin betaB subunit) has previously been identified in both human and rodent adipose tissue and using Taqman real-time PCR with specific primers we confirm the expression of INHBB mRNA in rodent adipose tissue. Expression of INHBB in murine epididymal adipose tissue was higher than in any of the other tissues studied and appears to be regulated by changes in energy balance and leptin. It was increased fourfold in the epididymal fat depot of ob/ob mice compared with the same fat depot in lean mice. The i.p. administration of leptin in obese ob/ob mice decreases the expression of INHBB. In human adipose tissue, INHBB is reduced by weight loss. In keeping with this, we demonstrate that INHBB expression in murine adipose tissue is decreased in fasting and increased upon refeeding. We show that INHBB is expressed in both the mature adipocyte and the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. INHBB increases with the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes in the 3T3-L1 cell line. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, where receptors to activin have been previously reported, insulin increases the expression of INHBB, while dexamethasone decreases the expression of INHBB when compared with untreated control cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulation of INHBB expression in adipose tissue may play a physiological role in energy balance or the insulin insensitivity associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hoggard
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen Centre for Energy Regulation and Obesity (ACERO), University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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Barrett P, van den Top M, Wilson D, Mercer JG, Song CK, Bartness TJ, Morgan PJ, Spanswick D. Short photoperiod-induced decrease of histamine H3 receptors facilitates activation of hypothalamic neurons in the Siberian hamster. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3655-63. [PMID: 19372203 PMCID: PMC5393275 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonhibernating seasonal mammals have adapted to temporal changes in food availability through behavioral and physiological mechanisms to store food and energy during times of predictable plenty and conserve energy during predicted shortage. Little is known, however, of the hypothalamic neuronal events that lead to a change in behavior or physiology. Here we show for the first time that a shift from long summer-like to short winter-like photoperiod, which induces physiological adaptation to winter in the Siberian hamster, including a body weight decrease of up to 30%, increases neuronal activity in the dorsomedial region of the arcuate nucleus (dmpARC) assessed by electrophysiological patch-clamping recording. Increased neuronal activity in short days is dependent on a photoperiod-driven down-regulation of H3 receptor expression and can be mimicked in long-day dmpARC neurons by the application of the H3 receptor antagonist, clobenproprit. Short-day activation of dmpARC neurons results in increased c-Fos expression. Tract tracing with the trans-synaptic retrograde tracer, pseudorabies virus, delivered into adipose tissue reveals a multisynaptic neuronal sympathetic outflow from dmpARC to white adipose tissue. These data strongly suggest that increased activity of dmpARC neurons, as a consequence of down-regulation of the histamine H3 receptor, contributes to the physiological adaptation of body weight regulation in seasonal photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom
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