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Belflower Thomas A, Kronstadt J, Kuehnert P. Need for Additional Research on the Impact of PHAB Accreditation on Health Outcomes. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:937-938. [PMID: 37738598 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
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Hughes MJ, Kuehnert P, Swider SM. A Strategy for Strengthening: Implementation of the Capabilities Opportunities Assessment Tool for the Public Health Workforce. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:823-830. [PMID: 37498540 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Strengthening the national public health infrastructure is crucial to ensure provision of necessary public health services in all jurisdictions. Public health agencies and their governing bodies need an evidence-based understanding of workforces' capabilities to operationalize this effort. PROGRAM The Capabilities Opportunities Assessment Tool for the Public Health Workforce (COAT-PH) is an assessment of workforce foundational capabilities (FCs), based on the Foundational Public Health Services (FPHS) framework. The COAT-PH provides data on employees' capabilities to health departments to help them improve and operationalize the FPHS. IMPLEMENTATION This article describes the development and pilot testing of the COAT-PH in a convenience sample of 8 health departments in Texas of various sizes and accreditation statuses. Participating leadership teams were provided easily interpretable reports to deliver clear evidence of division and organization-level workforce capability gaps and strengths. Follow-up semistructured interviews were conducted with leaders to capture insights into the tool and the usefulness of the findings. EVALUATION Eighty-eight percent of pilot health departments reported successfully appraising employee capability deficits, and 83% of small and medium health departments successfully assessed division or organizational FC strengths and gaps. All participating departments identified ways they could use their findings in future improvement efforts. Instrument psychometrics included the Cronbach α of internal reliability using a small test-retest sample (n = 6) of 0.956. Item test-retest reliability using Cohen's κ revealed 89% of items demonstrated at least slight reliability and 43% demonstrated moderate to substantial reliability. Content validity was established through review by 15 subject matter experts in the field of public health. DISCUSSION To provide the FPHS, health department leadership teams need a strong, prepared workforce and an effective method to demonstrate employee capabilities and provide evidence of health department workforce strengths and gaps to their governing bodies in the form of data that are clear and easy to understand. Early results demonstrated the usefulness of the COAT-PH in this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Hughes
- Texas State University St David's School of Nursing, Round Rock, Texas
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Shaw TM, Maloney SM, Nennig K, Ramuta MD, Norton A, Ibarra R, Kuehnert P, Brinton M, Faaberg K, Kuhn JH, O'Connor DH, Warren CJ, Bailey AL. Ectopic expression of murine CD163 enables cell-culture isolation of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus 63 years after its discovery. J Virol 2023; 97:e0093023. [PMID: 37792000 PMCID: PMC10617578 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00930-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mouse models of viral infection play an especially large role in virology. In 1960, a mouse virus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), was discovered and found to have the peculiar ability to evade clearance by the immune system, enabling it to persistently infect an individual mouse for its entire lifespan without causing overt disease. However, researchers were unable to grow LDV in culture, ultimately resulting in the demise of this system as a model of failed immunity. We solve this problem by identifying the cell-surface molecule CD163 as the critical missing component in cell-culture systems, enabling the growth of LDV in immortalized cell lines for the first time. This advance creates abundant opportunities for further characterizing LDV in order to study both failed immunity and the family of viruses to which LDV belongs, Arteriviridae (aka, arteriviruses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teressa M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara M Maloney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kylie Nennig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mitchell D Ramuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rodrigo Ibarra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul Kuehnert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Margo Brinton
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kay Faaberg
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USA Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center , Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick , Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cody J Warren
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Leider JP, McCullough JM, Singh SR, Sieger A, Robins M, Fisher JS, Kuehnert P, Castrucci BC. Staffing Up and Sustaining the Public Health Workforce. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:E100-E107. [PMID: 36228097 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimate the number of full-time equivalents (FTEs) needed to fully implement Foundational Public Health Services (FPHS) at the state and local levels in the United States. METHODS Current and full implementation cost estimation data from 168 local health departments (LHDs), as well as data from the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and the National Association of County and City Health Officials, were utilized to estimate current and "full implementation" staffing modes to estimate the workforce gap. RESULTS The US state and local governmental public health workforce needs at least 80 000 additional FTEs to deliver core FPHS in a post-COVID-19 landscape. LHDs require approximately 54 000 more FTEs, and states health agency central offices require approximately 26 000 more. CONCLUSIONS Governmental public health needs tens of thousands of more FTEs, on top of replacements for those leaving or retiring, to fully implement core FPHS. IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE Transitioning a COVID-related surge in staffing to a permanent workforce requires substantial and sustained investment from federal and state governments to deliver even the bare minimum of public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P Leider
- Center for Public Health Systems (Dr Leider) and Division of Health Policy and Management (Dr Leider), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho (Dr McCullough); Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Singh); Sieger Consulting SPC, Renton, Washington (Ms Sieger); de Beaumont Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland (Ms Robins and Dr Castrucci); and Public Health Accreditation Board, Arlington, Virginia (Ms Fisher and Dr Kuehnert)
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Orr JM, Leider JP, Kuehnert P, Bekemeier B. COVID-19 Revealed Shortcomings Of The US Public Health System And The Need To Strengthen Funding And Accountability. Health Aff (Millwood) 2023; 42:374-382. [PMID: 36877906 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The US governmental public health system, which includes federal, state, and local agencies, is seen by many observers as having a money problem, stemming from a lack of resources. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this lack of resources has had unfortunate consequences for the communities that public health practice leaders are expected to protect. Yet the money problem is complex and involves understanding the nature of chronic public health underinvestment, identifying what money is spent in public health and what the country gets for it, and determining how much money is needed to do the work of public health in the future. This Commentary elucidates each of these issues and provides recommendations for making public health services more financially sustainable and accountable. Well-functioning public health systems require adequate funding, but a modernized public health financial data system is also key to the systems' success. There is a great need for standardization and accountability in public health finance, along with incentives and the generation of research evidence demonstrating the value of and most effective delivery for a baseline of public health services that every community should expect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Orr
- Jason M. Orr, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Paul Kuehnert
- Paul Kuehnert, Public Health Accreditation Board, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Betty Bekemeier
- Betty Bekemeier , University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Uprichard SL, O’Brien A, Evdokimova M, Rowe CL, Joyce C, Hackbart M, Cruz-Pulido YE, Cohen CA, Rock ML, Dye JM, Kuehnert P, Ricks KM, Casper M, Linhart L, Anderson K, Kirk L, Maggiore JA, Herbert AS, Clark NM, Reid GE, Baker SC. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals. Viruses 2022; 14:370. [PMID: 35215962 PMCID: PMC8878640 DOI: 10.3390/v14020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the magnitude of responses to vaccination during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential for ultimate mitigation of the disease. Here, we describe a cohort of 102 subjects (70 COVID-19-naïve, 32 COVID-19-experienced) who received two doses of one of the mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)). We document that a single exposure to antigen via infection or vaccination induces a variable antibody response which is affected by age, gender, race, and co-morbidities. In response to a second antigen dose, both COVID-19-naïve and experienced subjects exhibited elevated levels of anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity; however, COVID-19-experienced individuals achieved higher antibody levels and neutralization activity as a group. The COVID-19-experienced subjects exhibited no significant increase in antibody or neutralization titer in response to the second vaccine dose (i.e., third antigen exposure). Finally, we found that COVID-19-naïve individuals who received the Moderna vaccine exhibited a more robust boost response to the second vaccine dose (p = 0.004) as compared to the response to Pfizer-BioNTech. Ongoing studies with this cohort will continue to contribute to our understanding of the range and durability of responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Uprichard
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Amornrat O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Monika Evdokimova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Cynthia L. Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Matthew Hackbart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Yazmin E. Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Courtney A. Cohen
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Michelle L. Rock
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Paul Kuehnert
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (P.K.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (P.K.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Marybeth Casper
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Lori Linhart
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Katrina Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Laura Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Jack A. Maggiore
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Nina M. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Gail E. Reid
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Susan C. Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Kuehnert P, Fawcett J, DePriest K, Chinn P, Cousin L, Ervin N, Flanagan J, Fry-Bowers E, Killion C, Maliski S, Maughan ED, Meade C, Murray T, Schenk B, Waite R. Defining the social determinants of health for nursing action to achieve health equity: A consensus paper from the American academy of nursing. Nurs Outlook 2021; 70:10-27. [PMID: 34629190 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019-2020 American Academy of Nursing (Academy, 2019) policy priorities document states that "they have a clear and distinct focus on social determinants of health and uses this lens to advance policies and solutions within each of the three overarching priorities" PURPOSE: This consensus paper seeks to establish conceptual clarity and consensus for what social determinants of health mean for nursing, with emphasis on examples of health policies that advance planetary health equity and improve planetary health-related quality of life. METHODS Volunteers from five Expert Panels of the Academy met via videoconference to determine roles and refine the focus of the paper. After the initial discussion, the first draft of the conceptual framework was written by the first three authors of the paper and, after discussion via videoconference with all the co-authors, successive drafts were developed and circulated for feedback. Consensus was reached when all authors indicated acceptance of what became the final version of the conceptual framework. DISCUSSION A conceptual framework was developed that describes how the social determinants of health can be addressed through nursing roles and actions at the individual, family, and population levels with a particular focus on the role of health policy. The paper provides a specific health policy example for each of the six key areas of the social determinants of health to illustrate how nurses can act to improve population health. CONCLUSION Nursing actions can support timely health policy changes that focus on upstream factors in the six key areas of the social determinants of health and thus improve population health. The urgent need to eliminate systematic and structural racism must be central to such policy change if equity in planetary health-related quality of life is to be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kuehnert
- Environmental & Public Health, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA.
| | - Jacqueline Fawcett
- Nursing Theory-Guided Practice, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Kelli DePriest
- Environmental & Public Health, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Peggy Chinn
- Nursing Theory-Guided Practice, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Lakeshia Cousin
- Cultural Competence & Health Equity, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Naomi Ervin
- Environmental & Public Health, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Jane Flanagan
- Nursing Theory-Guided Practice, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Eileen Fry-Bowers
- Child, Adolescent & Family, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Cheryl Killion
- Cultural Competence & Health Equity, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Sally Maliski
- Cultural Competence & Health Equity, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Erin D Maughan
- Child, Adolescent & Family, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Cathy Meade
- Cultural Competence & Health Equity, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Teri Murray
- Cultural Competence & Health Equity, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Beth Schenk
- Environmental & Public Health, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
| | - Roberta Waite
- Psychiatric Mental Health and Substance, American Academy of Nursing, Washington, D. C., USA
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Evans TS, Myat TW, Hom NS, Ricks KM, Maw MT, Oo ZM, Toe AT, Aung NT, Aung P, Aung TH, Kuehnert P, Thant KZ, Win YT, Thein WZ, Gardner NR, Schoepp RJ, Johnson CK, Thu HM. Seroepidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Logging Communities, Myanmar. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1709-1713. [PMID: 34013868 PMCID: PMC8153884 DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.203223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is endemic in Asia, infecting many animal hosts, but CCHFV has not been reported in Myanmar. We conducted a seroepidemiologic survey of logging communities in Myanmar and found CCHFV exposure was common (9.8%) and exposure to wild animal blood and body fluids was associated with seropositivity.
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Bekemeier B, Kuehnert P, Zahner SJ, Johnson KH, Kaneshiro J, Swider SM. A critical gap: Advanced practice nurses focused on the public's health. Nurs Outlook 2021; 69:865-874. [PMID: 33958201 PMCID: PMC8092811 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for nurse leaders who "embrace the interconnection" between medicine and public health. The inequitable impact of COVID-19 on people of color demonstrates the importance of applying expertise from nursing practice and public health systems to work with communities and other professions on complex health issues. Yet, despite a clear need for improved population health, educational programs designed to produce Advanced Public Health Nurses, with skills to address complex system changes, have become increasingly scarce. PURPOSE We put forward the perspective that the nation needs more advanced practice nurses prepared for leadership roles focused on the health of whole populations, marginalized communities, and the systems and policies that promote their health. DISCUSSION We argue that opportunities should be expanded for nurses to attain education for these roles through increased investments in the Doctor of Nursing Practice model to prepare nurses for advanced public health specialty practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Bekemeier
- Professor, Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA.
| | - Paul Kuehnert
- President & CEO, Public Health Accreditation Board, Alexandria, VA.
| | - Susan J Zahner
- Professor, School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
| | - Kathleen H Johnson
- Professor, Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA.
| | - Jasmine Kaneshiro
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, School of Nursing, Seattle, WA.
| | - Susan M Swider
- Professor, College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL.
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Leider JP, Kronstadt J, Yeager VA, Hall K, Saari CK, Alford A, Freeman LT, Kuehnert P. Application for Public Health Accreditation Among US Local Health Departments in 2013 to 2019: Impact of Service and Activity Mix. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:301-308. [PMID: 33351657 PMCID: PMC7811080 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.306007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine correlates of applying for accreditation among small local health departments (LHDs) in the United States through 2019.Methods. We used administrative data from the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) and 2013, 2016, and 2019 Profile data from the National Association of County and City Health Officials to examine correlates of applying for PHAB accreditation. We fit a latent class analysis (LCA) to characterize LHDs by service mix and size. We made bivariate comparisons using the t test and Pearson χ2.Results. By the end of 2019, 126 small LHDs had applied for accreditation (8%). When we compared reasons for not pursuing accreditation, we observed a difference by size for perceptions that standards exceeded LHD capacity (47% for small vs 22% for midsized [P < .001] and 0% for large [P < .001]).Conclusions. Greater funding support, considering differing standards by LHD size, and recognition that service mix might affect practicality of accreditation are all relevant considerations in attempting to increase uptake of accreditation for small LHDs.Public Health Implications. Overall, small LHDs represented about 60% of all LHDs that had not yet applied to PHAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P. Leider
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Jessica Kronstadt
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Valerie A. Yeager
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Kellie Hall
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Chelsey K. Saari
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Aaron Alford
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Lori Tremmel Freeman
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
| | - Paul Kuehnert
- Jonathon P. Leider is with the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN. Jessica Kronstadt, Chelsey K. Saari, and Paul Kuehnert are with the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB), Alexandria, VA. Valerie A. Yeager is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN. Kellie Hall, Aaron Alford, and Lori Tremmel Freeman are with the National
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Hassmiller SB, Kuehnert P. Building a culture of health to attain the sustainable development goals. Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:129-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gardenier D, Apold S, Kuehnert P. Should There Be Leadership Programs Reserved For Nurses? J Nurse Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kuehnert P. Hospitals, systems play critical leadership role in boosting our national health security. Mod Healthc 2016; 46:25. [PMID: 30475485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
America's hospitals and health systems must be prepared for anything, but as the range of threats to health in our communities becomes broader and the threats hit more quickly and frequently- whether it's the devastation of natural disasters or emerging threats such as the Zika virus-provider organizations will need to play bigger roles in heading off problems before they spiral into crises.
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Abstract
The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus vaccination campaign focused on use of school-located vaccination (SLV) clinics because of the ability of SLV to reach targeted populations. Large numbers of children are found in schools, and schools are conveniently located throughout communities. Communities are generally familiar with and trust schools, and school facilities can generally accommodate mass vaccination clinics. School nurses are familiar with the health of individual students and may be available to assist in vaccination activities. In addition, schools have access to parental contact information, which can facilitate communications. Challenges faced by local health departments (LHDs) and schools in implementing 2009 H1N1 SLV clinics, including disruption of educational activities, locating adequate staff, tailoring immunization activities to meet the needs of each school district, and transportation and administration of vaccine, are explored.
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Abstract
The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus presented a major challenge to health departments, schools, and other community partners to effectively vaccinate large numbers of Americans, primarily children. The use of school-located vaccination (SLV) programs to address this challenge led health departments and schools to become creative in developing models for successful SLV implementation. Successful models are explored in this article.
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Abstract
The fall 2009 campaign to vaccinate high-risk U.S. residents against the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus presented three key challenges that had significant impact on the effectiveness of campaigns conducted by local health departments (LHDs), schools, and other community partners. These issues included those of communication and trust, both between partners and with the public; the ethics and practicalities of getting vaccine to those at highest risk; and the planning and execution of large-scale, school-located vaccination (SLV) clinics. Approaches to address these challenges and build sustainable local partnerships between schools and LHDs are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kuehnert
- Health and Emergency Management, Kane County, Illinois, USA
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Kuehnert P. The staffing mess: who can we turn to? RN 1981; 44:101-6. [PMID: 6908733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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