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Giugni FR, Aiello VD, Faria CS, Pour SZ, Cunha MDP, Giugni MV, Pinesi HT, Ledesma FL, Morais CE, Ho YL, Sztajnbok J, de Morais Fernezlian S, Ferraz da Silva LF, Mauad T, Ferreira Alves VA, Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva P, Antonangelo L, Dolhnikoff M, Duarte-Neto AN. Understanding yellow fever-associated myocardial injury: an autopsy study. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104810. [PMID: 37757571 PMCID: PMC10550587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever, endemic in parts of South America and Africa. There is scarce evidence about the pathogenesis of the myocardial injury. The objective of this study is to evaluate the cardiac pathology in fatal cases of YF. METHODS This retrospective autopsy study included cases from the São Paulo (Brazil) epidemic of 2017-2019. We reviewed medical records and performed cardiac tissue histopathological evaluation, electron microscopy, immunohistochemical assays, RT-qPCR for YF virus (YFV)-RNA, and proteomics analysis on inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers. FINDINGS Seventy-three confirmed YF cases with a median age of 48 (34-60) years were included. We observed myocardial fibrosis in 68 (93.2%) patients; cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in 68 (93.2%); endothelial alterations in 67 (91.8%); fiber necrosis in 50 (68.5%); viral myocarditis in 9 (12.3%); and secondary myocarditis in 5 (6.8%). Four out of five patients with 17DD vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease presented with myocarditis. The cardiac conduction system showed edema, hemorrhages and endothelial fibrinoid necrosis. Immunohistochemistry detected CD68-positive inflammatory interstitial cells and YFV antigens in endothelial and inflammatory cells. YFV-RNA was detected positive in 95.7% of the cardiac samples. The proteomics analysis demonstrated that YF patients had higher levels of multiple inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in comparison to cardiovascular controls, and higher levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) in comparison to sepsis (p = 0.01) and cardiovascular controls (p < 0.001) in Dunn test. INTERPRETATION Myocardial injury is frequent in severe YF, due to multifactorial mechanisms, including direct YFV-mediated damage, endothelial cell injury, and inflammatory response, with a possible prominent role for IP-10. FUNDING This study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rabioglio Giugni
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto do Coração InCor, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Demarchi Aiello
- Instituto do Coração InCor, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Silverio Faria
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shahab Zaki Pour
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marielton Dos Passos Cunha
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina Valdo Giugni
- Instituto do Coração InCor, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Trombini Pinesi
- Instituto do Coração InCor, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lourenço Ledesma
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Esteves Morais
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital (SVOC), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leila Antonangelo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Melo DN, Mara Coelho T, Rolim Pinheiro Lima G, Gomes Fernandes C, Cavalcante Fales de Brito Alves B, Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo F, Aparecida de Almeida Monteiro R, Ordi J, Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva P, Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti L. Use of minimally invasive autopsy during the COVID-19 pandemic and its possibilities in the context of developing countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009629. [PMID: 34347788 PMCID: PMC8336791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Nunes Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
- Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos Dr Rocha Furtado, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - Tania Mara Coelho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
- Hospital São Jose de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaume Ordi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Christus, Fortaleza, Brasil
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Nucci RAB, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHDN, Jacob-Filho W. Ultrasound-Guided Minimally Invasive Autopsy of Respiratory Muscles as a Safe and Cost-Effective Technique in COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:276-278. [PMID: 33690234 PMCID: PMC8018195 DOI: 10.1159/000514222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Almeida Monteiro RA, Duarte-Neto AN, Ferraz da Silva LF, de Oliveira EP, do Nascimento ECT, Mauad T, Saldiva PHDN, Dolhnikoff M. Ultrasound assessment of pulmonary fibroproliferative changes in severe COVID-19: a quantitative correlation study with histopathological findings. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47:199-207. [PMID: 33392642 PMCID: PMC7779089 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging to characterize the progression and severity of lung damage in cases of COVID-19. METHODS We employed a set of combined ultrasound parameters and histopathological images obtained simultaneously in 28 patients (15 women, 0.6-83 years) with fatal COVID-19 submitted to minimally invasive autopsies, with different times of disease evolution from initial symptoms to death (3-37 days, median 18 days). For each patient, we analysed eight post-mortem LUS parameters and the proportion of three histological patterns (normal lung, exudative diffuse alveolar damage [DAD] and fibroproliferative DAD) in eight different lung regions. The relationship between histopathological and post-mortem ultrasonographic findings was assessed using various statistical approaches. RESULTS Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between fibroproliferative DAD and peripheral consolidation (coefficient 0.43, p = 0.02) and pulmonary consolidation (coefficient 0.51, p = 0.005). A model combining age, time of evolution, sex and ultrasound score predicted reasonably well (r = 0.66) the proportion of pulmonary parenchyma with fibroproliferative DAD. CONCLUSION The present study adds information to previous studies related to the use of LUS as a tool to assess the severity of acute pulmonary damage. We provide a histological background that supports the concept that LUS can be used to characterize the progression and severity of lung damage in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aparecida de Almeida Monteiro
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
- Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Pierre de Oliveira
- Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Caroline Toledo do Nascimento
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
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Mauad T, Duarte-Neto AN, da Silva LFF, de Oliveira EP, de Brito JM, do Nascimento ECT, de Almeida Monteiro RA, Ferreira JC, de Carvalho CRR, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Dolhnikoff M. Tracking the time course of pathological patterns of lung injury in severe COVID-19. Respir Res 2021; 22:32. [PMID: 33514373 PMCID: PMC7844838 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 is characterized pathologically by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and thrombosis, leading to the clinical picture of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The direct action of SARS-CoV-2 in lung cells and the dysregulated immuno-coagulative pathways activated in ARDS influence pulmonary involvement in severe COVID, that might be modulated by disease duration and individual factors. In this study we assessed the proportions of different lung pathology patterns in severe COVID-19 patients along the disease evolution and individual characteristics. METHODS We analysed lung tissue from 41 COVID-19 patients that died in the period March-June 2020 and were submitted to a minimally invasive autopsy. Eight pulmonary regions were sampled. Pulmonary pathologists analysed the H&E stained slides, performing semiquantitative scores on the following parameters: exudative, intermediate or advanced DAD, bronchopneumonia, alveolar haemorrhage, infarct (%), arteriolar (number) or capillary thrombosis (yes/no). Histopathological data were correlated with demographic-clinical variables and periods of symptoms-hospital stay. RESULTS Patient´s age varied from 22 to 88 years (18f/23 m), with hospital admission varying from 0 to 40 days. All patients had different proportions of DAD in their biopsies. Ninety percent of the patients presented pulmonary microthrombosis. The proportion of exudative DAD was higher in the period 0-8 days of hospital admission till death, whereas advanced DAD was higher after 17 days of hospital admission. In the group of patients that died within eight days of hospital admission, elderly patients had less proportion of the exudative pattern and increased proportions of the intermediate patterns. Obese patients had lower proportion of advanced DAD pattern in their biopsies, and lower than patients with overweight. Clustering analysis showed that patterns of vascular lesions (microthrombosis, infarction) clustered together, but not the other patterns. The vascular pattern was not influenced by demographic or clinical parameters, including time of disease progression. CONCLUSION Patients with severe COVID-19 present different proportions of DAD patterns over time, with advanced DAD being more prevalent after 17 days, which seems to be influenced by age and weight. Vascular involvement is present in a large proportion of patients, occurs early in disease progression, and does not change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil.,Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Pierre de Oliveira
- Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto Do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Mara de Brito
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Caroline Toledo do Nascimento
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Aparecida de Almeida Monteiro
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Carvalho Ferreira
- Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto Do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernandes Matuck B, Dolhnikoff M, Maia GVA, Isaac Sendyk D, Zarpellon A, Costa Gomes S, Duarte-Neto AN, Rebello Pinho JR, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Sousa SCM, Mauad T, Saldiva PHDN, Braz-Silva PH, da Silva LFF. Periodontal tissues are targets for Sars-Cov-2: a post-mortem study. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1848135. [PMID: 33391625 PMCID: PMC7717160 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1848135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ability of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to spread is one of the determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic status. Until June 2020, global COVID-19 cases surpassed 10 million. Asymptomatic patients, with no respiratory impairment, are believed to be responsible for more than 80% of the transmission. Other viruses have been consistently detected in periodontal tissues. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in periodontal tissue. Methods: We conducted video-endoscope minimally invasive post-mortem biopsy in seven fatal cases of COVID-19, using a regular endoscope video system associated with a smartphone to locate periodontal tissue. We analyzed the samples using RT-PCR, to identify the SARS-CoV-2 RNA and histopathological analysis. Results: The seven studied autopsies with positive laboratory tests for COVID-19 included 57.14% of female patients at the average age of 47.4 (range 8 to 74). In five cases, periodontal tissue was positive for SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR). Histopathologic analyses showed morphologic alterations in the keratinocytes of the junctional epithelium, a vacuolization of the cytoplasm and nucleus and nuclear pleomorphism. Conclusion: We presented a biomolecular analysis obtained from minimally invasive autopsies. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in periodontal tissue in COVID-19 positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilvan V. A. Maia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Isaac Sendyk
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Zarpellon
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Costa Gomes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Department of Gastroenterology, LIM-07, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Department of Gastroenterology, LIM-07, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana C.O. M. Sousa
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo H. Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Division of General Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Institue of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Monteiro RADA, Duarte-Neto AN, da Silva LFF, de Oliveira EP, Filho JT, dos Santos GAB, de Oliveira IRS, Mauad T, Saldiva PHDN, Dolhnikoff M. Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsies: A protocol for the study of pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1972. [PMID: 32490934 PMCID: PMC7233669 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aparecida de Almeida Monteiro
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ellen Pierre de Oliveira
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Jair Theodoro Filho
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Glaucia Aparecida Bento dos Santos
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Brazilian Image Autopsy Study Group (BIAS), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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O'Sullivan S, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT, Chimelli L, Amaro E, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Jeanquartier F, Jean-Quartier C, da Graça Morais Martin M, Sajid MI, Holzinger A. The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in harmonization of high-resolution post-mortem MRI (virtopsy) with respect to brain microstructure. Brain Inform 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 30843118 PMCID: PMC6403267 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-019-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced resolution of 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners has considerably advanced our knowledge of structure and function in human and animal brains. Post-industrialized countries are particularly prone to an ever-increasing number of ageing individuals and ageing-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with volume loss in the affected brain. MRI diagnoses and monitoring of subtle volume changes in the ageing/diseased brains have the potential to become standard diagnostic tools. Even with the superior resolution of 7 T MRI scanners, the microstructural changes comprising cell types, cell numbers, and cellular processes, are still undetectable. Knowledge of origin, nature, and progression for microstructural changes are necessary to understand pathogenetic stages in the relentless neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to develop therapeutic tools that delay or stop neurodegenerative processes at their earliest stage. We illustrate the gap in resolution by comparing the identical regions of the post-mortem in situ 7 T MR images (virtual autopsy or virtopsy) with the histological observations in serial sections through the same brain. We also described the protocols and limitations associated with these comparisons, as well as the necessity of supercomputers and data management for "Big data". Analysis of neuron and/or glial number by using a body of mathematical tools and guidelines (stereology) is time-consuming, cumbersome, and still restricted to trained human investigators. Development of tools based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) could considerably accelerate studies on localization, onset, and progression of neuron loss. Finally, these observations could disentangle the mechanisms of volume loss into stages of reversible atrophy and/or irreversible fatal cell death. This AI- and ML-based cooperation between virtopsy and histology could bridge the present gap between virtual reality and neuropathology. It could also culminate in the creation of an imaging-associated comprehensive database. This database would include genetic, clinical, epidemiological, and technical aspects that could help to alleviate or even stop the adverse effects of neurodegenerative diseases on affected individuals, their families, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Morphological Brain Research Unit, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Aging Brain Project, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, State Institute of Brain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Institute of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Advanced Studies, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fleur Jeanquartier
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claire Jean-Quartier
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mohammed Imran Sajid
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Birkenhead, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Missagia S, Amaral CASD, Jesus ASD, Arbex MA, Santos UDP, André CDSD, André PAD, Saldiva PHDN, Martins LC, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA. Evaluation of peak expiratory flow in adolescents and its association with inhalable particulate in a Brazilian medium-sized city. Rev bras epidemiol 2018; 21:e180009. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction: High particulate matter (PM10) concentrations are associated with increased incidence of respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function. This study evaluates the air pollution effects in children’s and adolescents’ lung function using peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements over a given period, in an area exposed to industrial emissions. Methodology: This was a panel study. The effects of air pollution on respiratory symptoms and PEF were investigated in 117 children and adolescents from three public schools in areas of exposure to air pollution from a mining company in a Brazilian medium-sized city, from 2008 to 2009. The average daily PM10, temperature and humidity were recorded by the monitoring network in the region. Association between daily records of PEF and PM10 was assessed in mixed-effect regression models, controlling for temperature, humidity, and body mass index. Results: About 60,000 PEF measurements were performed. Increases of 14µg/m3 in PM10 were associated with decreased PEF in the morning (-1.04%, 95%CI -1.32; -0.77) and evening (-1.2%, 95%CI -1.49, -0.92). Discussion: We found a significant negative association between particulate matter and peak expiratory flow rate in this population, and these remained significant even after adjusted for temperature, humidity, body mass index, coughing, wheezing and coryza. Conclusion: Adverse effects were found and it suggests an association between increase in PM10 and reduced lung function.
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Cozza IC, Zanetta DMT, Fernandes FLA, da Rocha FMM, de Andre PA, Garcia MLB, Paceli RB, Prado GF, Terra-Filho M, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, de Paula Santos U. An approach to using heart rate monitoring to estimate the ventilation and load of air pollution exposure. Sci Total Environ 2015; 520:160-7. [PMID: 25813969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of air pollution on health are associated with the amount of pollutants inhaled which depends on the environmental concentration and the inhaled air volume. It has not been clear whether statistical models of the relationship between heart rate and ventilation obtained using laboratory cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) can be applied to an external group to estimate ventilation. OBJECTIVES To develop and evaluate a model to estimate respiratory ventilation based on heart rate for inhaled load of pollutant assessment in field studies. METHODS Sixty non-smoking men; 43 public street workers (public street group) and 17 employees of the Forest Institute (park group) performed a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Regression equation models were constructed with the heart rate and natural logarithmic of minute ventilation data obtained on CPET. Ten individuals were chosen randomly (public street group) and were used for external validation of the models (test group). All subjects also underwent heart rate register, and particulate matter (PM2.5) monitoring for a 24-hour period. RESULTS For the public street group, the median difference between estimated and observed data was 0.5 (CI 95% -0.2 to 1.4) l/min and for the park group was 0.2 (CI 95% -0.2 to 1.2) l/min. In the test group, estimated values were smaller than the ones observed in the CPET, with a median difference of -2.4 (CI 95% -4.2 to -1.8) l/min. The mixed model estimated values suggest that this model is suitable for situations in which heart rate is around 120-140bpm. CONCLUSION The mixed effect model is suitable for ventilation estimate, with good accuracy when applied to homogeneous groups, suggesting that, in this case, the model could be used in field studies to estimate ventilation. A small but significant difference in the median of external validation estimates was observed, suggesting that the applicability of the model to external groups needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Campos Cozza
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Afonso de Andre
- Experimental Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Pathology Department, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Batista Paceli
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Faibischew Prado
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Terra-Filho
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Arbex MA, Pereira LAA, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Saldiva PHDN, Braga ALF. The effect of air pollution on pneumonia-related emergency department visits in a region of extensive sugar cane plantations: a 30-month time-series study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:669-74. [PMID: 24782416 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, many cities are surrounded by sugar cane plantations, and when these plantations are burnt prior to harvesting, millions of people are exposed to the smoke from these fires from May to November every year. METHODS A daily time-series regression analysis was conducted in a city located in the sugar cane plantation region of São Paulo State, Brazil, between 1 February 2005 and 31 July 2007. The percentage increase in the number of pneumonia-related emergency department visits (PEDV) associated with a 10 µg/m(3) increase in the total suspended particles (TSP) concentration was measured, including any effects that were delayed for up to 6 days. RESULTS A total of 1505 PEDV (a median of two events per day) were analysed. During the burning period, there was an acute effect that began on the day of exposure and remained for 2 days. An increase of 6% (95% CI 2.4 to 9.9) in PEDV was observed for the 2 days following the TSP increase. This pattern and the size of the effect were similar to those observed for the whole period and also during the non-burning period. CONCLUSIONS Increases in TSP concentrations were found to be associated with increased PEDV in a region affected by air pollution from sugar cane burning. This finding reinforces the need for polices and efforts to ban sugar cane burning prior to harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Pulmonology Division, Medical School of Araraquara University Center, Araraquara, Brazil Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Regiane Carvalho-Oliveira
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-Graduate Program, Catholic University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
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de Oliveira BFA, Ignotti E, Artaxo P, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Junger WL, Hacon S. Risk assessment of PM(2.5) to child residents in Brazilian Amazon region with biofuel production. Environ Health 2012; 11:64. [PMID: 22978271 PMCID: PMC3465199 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine fractions of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is associated with increased hospital admissions and mortality for respiratory and cardiovascular disease in children and the elderly. This study aims to estimate the toxicological risk of PM(2.5) from biomass burning in children and adolescents between the age of 6 and 14 in Tangará da Serra, a municipality of Subequatorial Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Risk assessment methodology was applied to estimate the risk quotient in two scenarios of exposure according to local seasonality. The potential dose of PM(2.5) was estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation, stratifying the population by age, gender, asthma and Body Mass Index (BMI). RESULTS Male asthmatic children under the age of 8 at normal body rate had the highest risk quotient among the subgroups. The general potential average dose of PM(2.5) was 1.95 μg/kg.day (95% CI: 1.62 - 2.27) during the dry scenario and 0.32 μg/kg.day (95% CI: 0.29 - 0.34) in the rainy scenario. During the dry season, children and adolescents showed a toxicological risk to PM(2.5) of 2.07 μg/kg.day (95% CI: 1.85 - 2 .30). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents living in the Subequatorial Brazilian Amazon region were exposed to high levels of PM(2.5) resulting in toxicological risk for this multi-pollutant. The toxicological risk quotients of children in this region were comparable or higher to children living in metropolitan regions with PM(2.5) air pollution above the recommended limits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira
- Public Health and Environment Post-graduation, National School of Public Health at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Ignotti
- Department of Nursing, State University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Hacon
- Public Health and Environment Post-graduation, National School of Public Health at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abe KC, de Campos Brandão L, Tufik S, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, D'Almeida V. In utero exposure to air pollution lowers erythrocyte antioxidant defense and decreases weight in adult mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 32:315-318. [PMID: 21843813 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the influence of ambient air pollution on different phases of development of adult mice. With respect to adult weight, the animals that had spent their in utero period exposed to pollution showed less weight gain over their lifetime, as well as lower activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Our study suggests that contact with atmospheric pollutants during the foetal period produces important changes on enzymatic erythrocyte antioxidant defense and weight in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Camasmie Abe
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sérgio Chiarelli P, Amador Pereira LA, Nascimento Saldiva PHD, Ferreira Filho C, Bueno Garcia ML, Ferreira Braga AL, Conceição Martins L. The association between air pollution and blood pressure in traffic controllers in Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Res 2011; 111:650-5. [PMID: 21570068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban air pollutants are associated with cardiovascular events. Traffic controllers are at high risk for pollution exposure during outdoor work shifts. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and systemic blood pressure in traffic controllers during their work shifts. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 19 male traffic controllers from Santo André city (São Paulo, Brazil) who were 30-60 years old and exposed to ambient air during outdoor work shifts. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were measured every 15 min by an Ambulatory Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring device. Hourly measurements (lags of 0-5h) and the moving averages (2-5h) of particulate matter (PM(10)), ozone (O(3)) ambient concentrations and the acquired daily minimum temperature and humidity means from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency were correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Statistical methods included descriptive analysis and linear mixed effect models adjusted for temperature, humidity, work periods and time of day. RESULTS Interquartile increases of PM(10) (33 μg/m(3)) and O(3) (49 μg/m(3)) levels were associated with increases in all arterial pressure parameters, ranging from 1.06 to 2.53 mmHg. PM(10) concentration was associated with early effects (lag 0), mainly on systolic blood pressure. However, O(3) was weakly associated most consistently with diastolic blood pressure and with late cumulative effects. CONCLUSIONS Santo André traffic controllers presented higher blood pressure readings while working their outdoor shifts during periods of exposure to ambient pollutant fluctuations. However, PM(10) and O(3) induced cardiovascular effects demonstrated different time courses and end-point behaviors and probably acted through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Chiarelli
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
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Olmo NRS, Saldiva PHDN, Braga ALF, Lin CA, Santos UDP, Pereira LAA. A review of low-level air pollution and adverse effects on human health: implications for epidemiological studies and public policy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:681-90. [PMID: 21655765 PMCID: PMC3093800 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review original scientific articles describing the relationship between atmospheric pollution and damage to human health. We also aimed to determine which of these studies mentioned public policy issues. Original articles relating to atmospheric pollution and human health published between 1995 and 2009 were retrieved from the PubMed database and analyzed. This study included only articles dealing with atmospheric pollutants resulting primarily from vehicle emissions. Three researchers were involved in the final selection of the studies, and the chosen articles were approved by at least two of the three researchers. Of the 84 non-Brazilian studies analyzed, 80 showed an association between atmospheric pollution and adverse effects on human health. Moreover, 66 showed evidence of adverse effects on human health, even at levels below the permitted emission standards. Three studies mentioned public policies aimed at changing emission standards. Similarly, the 29 selected Brazilian studies reported adverse associations with human health, and 27 showed evidence of adverse effects even at levels below the legally permitted emission standards. Of these studies, 16 mentioned public policies aimed at changing emission standards. Based on the Brazilian and non-Brazilian scientific studies that have been conducted, it can be concluded that, even under conditions that are compliant with Brazilian air quality standards, the concentration of atmospheric pollutants in Brazil can negatively affect human health. However, as little discussion of this topic has been generated, this finding demonstrates the need to incorporate epidemiological evidence into decisions regarding legal regulations and to discuss the public policy implications in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Regina Simoes Olmo
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Novaes P, Saldiva PHDN, Matsuda M, Macchione M, Rangel MP, Kara-José N, Berra A. The effects of chronic exposure to traffic derived air pollution on the ocular surface. Environ Res 2010; 110:372-374. [PMID: 20338555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical relevance of chronic exposure to ambient levels of traffic derived air pollution on the ocular surface. METHODS A panel study involving 55 volunteers was carried out in São Paulo, Brazil. We measured the mean individual levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure for 7 days. All subjects answered the Ocular Symptom Disease Index (OSDI) and a symptoms inventory. Subsequently, subjects underwent Schirmer I test, biomicroscopy, vital staining and tear breakup time (TBUT) assessment. Subject's mean daily exposure to NO(2) was categorized in quartiles. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS A dose-response pattern was detected between OSDI scores and NO(2) quartiles (p<0.05). There was a significant association between NO(2) quartiles and reported ocular irritation (Chi(2)=9.2, p<0.05) and a significant negative association between TBUT and NO(2) exposure (p<0.05, R=-0.316, Spearman's correlation). There was a significant increase in the frequency of meibomitis in subjects exposed to higher levels of NO(2) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subjects exposed to higher levels of traffic derived air pollution reported more ocular discomfort symptoms and presented greater tear film instability, suggesting that the ocular discomfort symptoms and tear breakup time could be used as convenient bioindicators of the adverse health effects of traffic derived air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Novaes
- Laboratório de Investigação em Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 5th Floor, 01246-903 São Paulo, Brazil
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Camasmie Abe K, de Campos Brandão L, Aguilar Calegare BF, Tufik S, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, D'Almeida V. Homocysteine and cysteine concentrations are modified by recent exposure to environmental air pollution in São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Res 2009; 109:887-890. [PMID: 19632674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by anthropogenic air pollution derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. In this work, we tested the effects of fetal, lactation and post-weaning ambient air pollution exposure on total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and on a downstream pathway element, the plasma cysteine (Cys) concentration. Two similar exposure chambers (polluted and filtered chamber) were located near an area with heavy traffic in São Paulo, Brazil, and male Swiss mice were housed there from the pre-natal period until 3 months of age. Groups during fetal, lactation and adult periods of exposure were apportioned, and tHcy and Cys plasma concentrations were assessed when the animals were 3 months old. In our study, both the tHcy and Cys concentrations were decreased in groups that spent their final stage of life in polluted chambers, suggesting recent alterations in tHcy and Cys concentrations due to air pollution exposure. The possible relationship of these data with cardiovascular dysfunction is still a matter of controversy in animals; nevertheless, epigenetic mechanisms emerge as a possible issue to consider in the investigation of the link between air pollution and Hcy measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Camasmie Abe
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lima LPD, Singer JDM, Saldiva PHDN. Spatial analysis of urban violence based on emergency room data. Rev Saude Publica 2008; 42:648-55. [PMID: 18709242 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102008000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the spatial intensity of urban violence events using wavelet-based methods and emergency room data. METHODS Information on victims attended at the emergency room of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to January 11, 2003 were obtained from hospital records. The spatial distribution of 3,540 events was recorded and a uniform random procedure was used to allocate records with incomplete addresses. Point processes and wavelet analysis technique were used to estimate the spatial intensity, defined as the expected number of events by unit area. RESULTS Of all georeferenced points, 59% were accidents and 40% were assaults. There is a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the events with high concentration in two districts and three large avenues in the southern area of the city of São Paulo. CONCLUSIONS Hospital records combined with methodological tools to estimate intensity of events are useful to study urban violence. The wavelet analysis is useful in the computation of the expected number of events and their respective confidence bands for any sub-region and, consequently, in the specification of risk estimates that could be used in decision-making processes for public policies.
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Novaes P, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Kara-José N, Macchione M, Matsuda M, Racca L, Berra A. Ambient levels of air pollution induce goblet-cell hyperplasia in human conjunctival epithelium. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:1753-6. [PMID: 18087595 PMCID: PMC2137119 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular mucosa is exposed constantly to the external environment, and chronic exposure to air pollution may affect the ocular surface. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of air pollution on the ocular surface by combining determinations of individual exposure and conjunctival impression cytology. METHODS A panel study was conducted with 29 volunteers recruited in two locations with different pollution levels: São Paulo (n = 13) and Divinolândia (n = 16). We assessed mean individual levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for 7 days, using a passive sampler. Impression cytology samples were obtained from inferior tarsal conjunctiva. Comparisons between the two groups in terms of NO2 exposure and goblet-cell counts were performed using the Student t-test. Correlations between goblet-cells counts and corresponding individual NO2 exposure levels were determined using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Individuals living in São Paulo received a significantly (p = 0.005) higher dose of NO2 (mean 32.47; SD 9.83) than those living in Divinolândia (mean 19.33; SD 5.24). There was a steady increase in goblet-cell counts, proportional to NO2 exposure (Spearman's correlation = 0.566, p = 0.001), with a dose-response pattern. CONCLUSIONS A positive and significant association between exposure to air pollution and goblet-cell hyperplasia in human conjunctiva was detected. The combination of simple measurements of exposure and impression cytology was an effective and noninvasive approach for characterizing human response to ambient levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Novaes
- Laboratório de Investigação em Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, Procópio M, André PAD, Saldiva PHDN. Associação entre poluição atmosférica e doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares na cidade de Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2007; 23 Suppl 4:S570-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007001600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cidade de Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brasil, está localizada na Serra do Espinhaço, onde existem grandes jazidas de minério de ferro que são extraídas em lavra mecanizada a céu aberto. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos agudos do material particulado inalável (PM10) sobre os atendimentos em pronto-socorro por doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares no Município de Itabira. Modelos aditivos generalizados de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados, controlando-se para temperatura, umidade e sazonalidades de longa e curta duração. Aumentos de 10µg/m³ no PM10 foram associados com aumentos nos atendimentos de pronto-socorro por doenças respiratórias de 4% (IC95%: 2,2-5,8), no dia e no dia seguinte, para crianças menores de 13 anos, e de 12% (IC95%: 8,5-15,5), nos três dias subseqüentes para os adolescentes entre 13 e 19 anos. Dentre os atendimentos por doenças cardiovasculares, o efeito foi agudo (4%; IC95%: 0,8-8,5), principalmente para os indivíduos com idade entre 45 e 64 anos. Esses resultados mostram que o PM10 gerado principalmente através de mineração a céu aberto pode acarretar prejuízos à saúde da população exposta.
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de Paula Santos U, Braga ALF, Giorgi DMA, Pereira LAA, Grupi CJ, Lin CA, Bussacos MA, Zanetta DMT, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Filho MT. Effects of air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate variability: a panel study of vehicular traffic controllers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Eur Heart J 2004; 26:193-200. [PMID: 15618077 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Evaluating the effects of air pollution on Sao Paulo city's vehicular traffic controllers by means of risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four hour blood pressure recordings and an electrocardiogram were obtained in 48 healthy, non-smoking vehicular traffic controllers, aged 31-55 years, during three periods: winter 2000, summer 2001, and winter 2001. Effects of air pollutants on the outcomes were estimated using linear regression based on generalized estimated equations, controlling for age, body mass index, humidity, and temperature. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in CO (1.1 p.p.m.) was associated with increases of 2.6 mmHg (95% CI 1.0, 4.2), 1.8 mmHg (95% CI 0.8, 2.8), and 2.4 mmHg (95% CI 1.1, 3.6) in systolic, diastolic, and mean 24 h ambulatory blood pressures. SO(2) also had relevant effects on blood pressure. On heart rate variability, an IQR increase of SO2 (9.6 microg/m3) was negatively associated with the standard deviation (SD) of normal RR intervals (SDNN) -7.93 ms (95% CI -15.3, -0.6). CONCLUSION This study supplies biological plausibility for observational studies on air pollution-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
A primeira idéia que se forma na mente das pessoas e do pesquisador é associar a poluição do ar aos grandes centros urbanos, com a imagem de poluentes sendo eliminados por veículos automotores ou pela chaminé de suas fábricas. Entretanto, uma parcela considerável da população do planeta convive com uma outra fonte de poluição, que atinge preferencialmente os países em desenvolvimento: a queima de biomassa. Este artigo tem como objetivo chamar a atenção do pneumologista, da comunidade e das autoridades para os riscos à saúde da população exposta a essa fonte geradora de poluentes, seja em ambientes internos, seja em ambientes abertos. O presente trabalho caracteriza as principais condições que levam à combustão de biomassa, como a literatura tem registrado os seus efeitos sobre a saúde humana, discutindo os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos, e finaliza com a apresentação de dois estudos recentes que enfatizam a importância da queima de um tipo específico de biomassa, a palha da cana-de-açúcar, prática comum no interior do Brasil, e sua interferência no perfil de morbidade respiratória da população exposta.
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de Carvalho MEP, Kairalla RA, Capelozzi VL, Deheinzelin D, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, de Carvalho CRR. Centrilobular fibrosis: a novel histological pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 198:577-83. [PMID: 12440779 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) is still under debate. In this context, we observed in some of our patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of IIP a different histological picture with an aggressive centrilobular scarring centered in the bronchiolar epithelia, but involving the surrounding parenchyma, which underwent extensive remodeling. We hypothesized that this pattern is a form of IIP that could be separated out histologically from the previously described patterns, in particular from usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Forty-nine patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of IIP and open-lung biopsies were retrospectively selected from 1982 to 1998. The biopsies were reviewed according to the following criteria: derangement of lobular architecture, temporal homogeneity and subpleural or bronchocentric distribution of the lesions, fibroblast foci, bronchial epithelium necrosis and regeneration, exposure of the basal membrane, squamous metaplasia, basophilic intraluminal contents, and foreign bodies within the remodeling airspaces. Three groups were found: UIP (24 patients), NSIP (13), and a third that we named centrilobular fibrosis (CLF) (12). All histological parameters were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.001). CLF is a specific, homogeneous, and recognizable histological pattern of IIP, and can be isolated from UIP and NSIP.
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Martins LC, Latorre MDRDDO, Saldiva PHDN, Braga ALF. Air pollution and emergency room visits due to chronic lower respiratory diseases in the elderly: an ecological time-series study in São Paulo, Brazil. J Occup Environ Med 2002; 44:622-7. [PMID: 12134525 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-200207000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of daily air pollution levels (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter with an aerodynamic profile < or = 10 microns) on morbidity by using the daily number of emergency room visits due to chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) in people older than 64 years of age in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1996 to 1998. Generalized additive Poisson regression models adjusted for long-time trend and weather (nonparametric functions), weekdays (dummy variable), and daily number of nonrespiratory admissions were adopted. Ozone and sulfur dioxide were the pollutants statistically associated with CLRD visits. Interquartile range increases in the 6-day moving average of sulfur dioxide (11.82 micrograms/m3) and in the 4-day moving average of ozone(35.87 micrograms/m3) increased CLRD emergency room visits in 18% and 14%, respectively. These results reinforce the idea that air pollution may promote adverse health effects in the elderly.
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