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de Heus P, Bagó Z, Weidinger P, Lale D, Trachsel DS, Revilla-Fernández S, Matiasek K, Nowotny N. Severe Neurologic Disease in a Horse Caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Austria, 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:2022. [PMID: 37896799 PMCID: PMC10611255 DOI: 10.3390/v15102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As evidenced by sero-epidemiological studies, infections of horses with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) occur frequently in TBEV-endemic areas. However, there are only very few reports of clinical cases. A possible underreporting may be due to a variety of diagnostic challenges. In this study, ELISA and neutralization tests were applied to serum samples. Brain tissue samples were investigated for the presence of nucleic acids of TBEV, Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, Borna disease virus 1, West Nile and Usutu viruses, rustrela virus, as well as Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses with RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, and qPCR, respectively. TBEV-specific amplification products were subjected to Sanger sequencing. In addition, a direct fluorescent antibody test for rabies was performed. Clinical and patho-histological findings are reported. Using specific RT-qPCR and RT-PCR assays, TBEV nucleic acids were demonstrated in brain tissue samples. Sequencing revealed the Western (formerly Central) European subtype of TBEV as the etiological agent. A high titer of TBEV-specific neutralizing antibodies was found in the serum. RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed TBEV RNA confined to neuronal cell bodies and processes. No other pathogens or nucleic acids thereof could be detected. Diagnostic procedures need to be carried out early after the onset of neurological signs to allow for a final etiological diagnosis of acute TBEV infections in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phebe de Heus
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.d.H.); (D.L.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Zoltán Bagó
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Ltd. (AGES), Robert Koch-Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, Austria; (Z.B.); (S.R.-F.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dilara Lale
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.d.H.); (D.L.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Dagmar S. Trachsel
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.d.H.); (D.L.); (D.S.T.)
| | - Sandra Revilla-Fernández
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Ltd. (AGES), Robert Koch-Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, Austria; (Z.B.); (S.R.-F.)
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 23, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 14, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
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Weiss V, Weidinger P, Matt J, Weissenbacher-Lang C, Nowotny N, Weissenböck H. Rustrela Virus-Associated Encephalomyelitis ('Staggering Disease') in Cats from Eastern Austria, 1994-2016. Viruses 2023; 15:1621. [PMID: 37631964 PMCID: PMC10458416 DOI: 10.3390/v15081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical cases of 'staggering disease', a nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis associated with gait abnormalities in cats, have been documented for decades in Sweden. In Austria, an increased incidence was observed in the 1990s. Only recently, rustrela virus (RusV) was identified as the causative agent of this clinicopathologic disease entity. In this retrospective study, we analyzed a total of 23 brain and spinal cord samples from Austrian cats with the pathohistological diagnosis of nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and clinical signs consistent with staggering disease from 1994 to 2016 using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization. We were able to detect RusV nucleic acids in seven of the examined samples. Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) could be excluded in all cases via immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. This study confirms that RusV has been a relevant etiological agent of nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis of cats in a geographically and temporally limited disease cluster in Austria, mainly in the 1990s. The geographic distribution of the positive samples in this study is consistent with earlier reports on 'staggering disease' in Austria. Further studies are necessary to confirm the reservoir host of 'staggering disease' in Austria, as well as investigations on the disappearance of this disease and its possible zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Weiss
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.W.); (J.M.); (C.W.-L.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Julia Matt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.W.); (J.M.); (C.W.-L.)
| | | | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert Weissenböck
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.W.); (J.M.); (C.W.-L.)
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Weidinger P, Kolodziejek J, Loney T, Kannan DO, Osman BM, Khafaga T, Howarth B, Sher Shah M, Mazrooei H, Wolf N, Karuvantevida N, Abou Tayoun A, Alsheikh-Ali A, Camp JV, Nowotny N. MERS-CoV Found in Hyalomma dromedarii Ticks Attached to Dromedary Camels at a Livestock Market, United Arab Emirates, 2019. Viruses 2023; 15:1288. [PMID: 37376588 DOI: 10.3390/v15061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The main mode of transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) between dromedaries is likely via the respiratory route. However, there must be other modes to explain how the infection is brought to MERS-CoV-negative closed herds, such as transmission by ticks. Here, we present a study performed at three different locations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) involving 215 dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) and the ticks attached to them. We tested the camels and ticks via RT-(q)PCR for the presence of MERS-CoV nucleic acids, as well as flaviviruses that may be present in the region (e.g., Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus). Camel sera were additionally analyzed for evidence of previous exposure to MERS-CoV. In total, 8 out of 242 tick pools were positive for MERS-CoV RNA (3.3%; Ct 34.6-38.3), 7 of which contained Hyalomma dromedarii ticks, and one contained a Hyalomma sp. tick (species not identified). All of the virus-positive ticks' host camels were also positive for MERS-CoV RNA in their nasal swab samples. Short sequences established in the N gene region from two positive tick pools were identical to viral sequences from their hosts' nasal swabs. In total, 59.3% of dromedaries at the livestock market had MERS-CoV RNA in their nasal swabs (Ct 17.7-39.5). While dromedaries at all locations were negative for MERS-CoV RNA in their serum samples, antibodies were detected in 95.2% and 98.7% of them (tested by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence test, respectively). Given the probably transient and/or low level of MERS-CoV viremia in dromedaries and the rather high Ct values observed in the ticks, it seems unlikely that Hyalomma dromedarii is a competent vector for MERS-CoV; however, its role in mechanical or fomite transmission between camels should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dafalla O Kannan
- Al Ain City Municipality, Al Ain P.O. Box 1003, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Tamer Khafaga
- Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, Emirates Group, Dubai P.O. Box 686, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brigitte Howarth
- Natural History Museum Abu Dhabi (NHMAD), Department of Culture and Tourism, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 94000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moayyed Sher Shah
- Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, Emirates Group, Dubai P.O. Box 686, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hessa Mazrooei
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Wolf
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 7662, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jeremy V Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
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Jöstl N, Weidinger P, Lussy H, Bailey TA, Joseph S, McKeown S, O Donovan D, Li X, Nowotny N. Antibody prevalence to avian influenza virus subtypes H5, H7 and H9 in falcons, captive and wild birds, United Arab Emirates, 2003-2006. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37226651 PMCID: PMC10357227 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses (AIV) may cause enormous economic losses in the poultry industry and sporadically severe disease in humans. Falconry is a tradition of great importance in the Arabian Peninsula. Falcons may catch AIV through contact with infected quarry species. OBJECTIVES Falcons together with other bird species are the focus of this seroprevalence study, carried out on sera collected in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). AIV with the haemagglutinin subtypes H5, H7 and possibly H9 may infect humans. METHODS We investigated the antibody prevalence to these subtypes in falcons and other birds by haemagglutination inhibition test. 617 sera of falcons and 429 sera of 46 wild/captive bird species were tested. RESULTS From the falcons, only one was positive for H5 antibodies (0.2%), none contained antibodies to H7, but 78 had antibodies to H9 (13.2%). Regarding other birds, eight were positive for antibodies to H5 (2.1%), none had antibodies to H7, but 55 sera from 17 species contained antibodies to H9 (14.4%). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to H5 and H7 infections, H9N2 is widespread worldwide. Its ability to reassort, thereby creating possibly pathogenic strains for humans, should remind us of the potential risk that close contact with birds entails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Jöstl
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Lussy
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom A Bailey
- Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunitha Joseph
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sean McKeown
- Sheikh Butti bin Juma Al Maktoum Wildlife Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Declan O Donovan
- Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum Wildlife Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Weidinger P, Kolodziejek J, Khafaga T, Loney T, Howarth B, Sher Shah M, Abou Tayoun A, Alsheikh-Ali A, Camp JV, Nowotny N. Potentially Zoonotic Viruses in Wild Rodents, United Arab Emirates, 2019—A Pilot Study. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030695. [PMID: 36992404 PMCID: PMC10054371 DOI: 10.3390/v15030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of emerging viral infectious diseases in humans originate from wildlife reservoirs, such as rodents and bats. We investigated a possible reservoir, namely wild gerbils and mice trapped in a desert reserve within the emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In total, 52 gerbils and 1 jird (Gerbillinae), 10 house mice (Mus musculus), and 1 Arabian spiny mouse (Acomys dimidiatus) were sampled. Oro-pharyngeal swabs, fecal samples, attached ticks, and organ samples (where available) were screened by (RT-q)PCR for the following viruses: Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus, Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus, hantaviruses, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, Rustrela virus, poxviruses, flaviviruses, and herpesviruses. All of the samples were negative for all investigated viruses, except for herpesviruses: 19 gerbils (35.8%) and 7 house mice (70.0%) were positive. The resulting sequences were only partly identical to sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three novel betaherpesviruses and four novel gammaherpesviruses. Interestingly, species identification of the positive gerbils resulted in eight individuals clustering in a separate clade, most closely related to Dipodillus campestris, the North African gerbil, indicating either the expansion of the geographic range of this species, or the existence of a closely related, yet undiscovered species in the UAE. In conclusion, we could not find evidence of persistence or shedding of potentially zoonotic viruses in the investigated rodent cohorts of limited sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamer Khafaga
- Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, Emirates Group, Dubai P.O. Box 686, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Brigitte Howarth
- American University in Dubai, Al Sufouh 2, Dubai P.O. Box 28282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moayyed Sher Shah
- Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, Emirates Group, Dubai P.O. Box 686, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai 7662, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jeremy V. Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-2704
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Paulsen P, Csadek I, Bauer A, Bak KH, Weidinger P, Schwaiger K, Nowotny N, Walsh J, Martines E, Smulders FJM. Treatment of Fresh Meat, Fish and Products Thereof with Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Inactivate Microbial Pathogens and Extend Shelf Life. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233865. [PMID: 36496672 PMCID: PMC9740106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Assuring the safety of muscle foods and seafood is based on prerequisites and specific measures targeted against defined hazards. This concept is augmented by 'interventions', which are chemical or physical treatments, not genuinely part of the production process, but rather implemented in the framework of a safety assurance system. The present paper focuses on 'Cold Atmospheric pressure Plasma' (CAP) as an emerging non-thermal intervention for microbial decontamination. Over the past decade, a vast number of studies have explored the antimicrobial potential of different CAP systems against a plethora of different foodborne microorganisms. This contribution aims at providing a comprehensive reference and appraisal of the latest literature in the area, with a specific focus on the use of CAP for the treatment of fresh meat, fish and associated products to inactivate microbial pathogens and extend shelf life. Aspects such as changes to organoleptic and nutritional value alongside other matrix effects are considered, so as to provide the reader with a clear insight into the advantages and disadvantages of CAP-based decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Csadek
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kathrine H. Bak
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Walsh
- Centre for Plasma Microbiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Emilio Martines
- Department of Physics “G. Occhialini”, University of Milano—Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Frans J. M. Smulders
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3318
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Weidinger P, Kolodziejek J, Camp JV, Loney T, Kannan DO, Ramaswamy S, Tayoun AA, Corman VM, Nowotny N. MERS-CoV in sheep, goats, and cattle, United Arab Emirates, 2019: Virological and serological investigations reveal an accidental spillover from dromedaries. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3066-3072. [PMID: 34463031 PMCID: PMC9786612 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated again the global threat posed by emerging zoonotic coronaviruses. During the past two decades alone, humans have experienced the emergence of several coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. To date, MERS-CoV has been detected in 27 countries, with a case fatality ratio of approximately 34.5%. Similar to other coronaviruses, MERS-CoV presumably originated from bats; however, the main reservoir and primary source of human infections are dromedary camels. Other species within the Camelidae family, such as Bactrian camels, alpacas, and llamas, seem to be susceptible to the infection as well, although to a lesser extent. In contrast, susceptibility studies on sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, chickens, and horses obtained divergent results. In the present study, we tested nasal swabs and/or sera from 55 sheep, 45 goats, and 52 cattle, collected at the largest livestock market in the United Arab Emirates, where dromedaries are also traded, for the presence of MERS-CoV nucleic acid by RT-qPCR, and for specific antibodies by immunofluorescence assay. All sera were negative for MERS-CoV-reactive antibodies, but the nasal swab of one sheep (1.8%) repeatedly tested positive for MERS-CoV nucleic acid. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the complete N gene of the sheep-derived MERS-CoV revealed >99% nucleotide identity to MERS-CoV sequences of five dromedaries in nearby pens and to three reference sequences. The NGS sequence of the sheep-derived MERS-CoV was confirmed by conventional RT-PCR of a part of the N gene and subsequent Sanger sequencing. All MERS-CoV sequences clustered within clade B, lineage 5. In conclusion, our study shows that noncamelid livestock, such as sheep, goats, and cattle do not play a major role in MERS-CoV epidemiology. The one sheep that tested positive most likely reflects an accidental viral spillover event from infected dromedaries in nearby pens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Weidinger
- Viral ZoonosesEmerging and Vector‐Borne Infections GroupInstitute of VirologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral ZoonosesEmerging and Vector‐Borne Infections GroupInstitute of VirologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Jeremy V. Camp
- Viral ZoonosesEmerging and Vector‐Borne Infections GroupInstitute of VirologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria,Center for VirologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tom Loney
- College of MedicineMohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sathishkumar Ramaswamy
- Al Jalila Genomics CenterAl Jalila Children's Specialty HospitalDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- College of MedicineMohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubaiUnited Arab Emirates,Al Jalila Genomics CenterAl Jalila Children's Specialty HospitalDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Victor M. Corman
- Institute of VirologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Institute of Healthand German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site CharitéBerlinGermany
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral ZoonosesEmerging and Vector‐Borne Infections GroupInstitute of VirologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria,College of MedicineMohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health SciencesDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
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Lado S, Futas J, Plasil M, Loney T, Weidinger P, Camp JV, Kolodziejek J, Kannan DO, Horin P, Nowotny N, Burger PA. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Past Infections Are Associated with Two Innate Immune Response Candidate Genes in Dromedaries. Cells 2021; 11:8. [PMID: 35011568 PMCID: PMC8750074 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dromedaries are an important livestock, used as beasts of burden and for meat and milk production. However, they can act as an intermediate source or vector for transmitting zoonotic viruses to humans, such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). After several outbreaks of CCHFV in the Arabian Peninsula, recent studies have demonstrated that CCHFV is endemic in dromedaries and camel ticks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). There is no apparent disease in dromedaries after the bite of infected ticks; in contrast, fever, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and petechial hemorrhaging are common symptoms in humans, with a case fatality ratio of up to 40%. We used the in-solution hybridization capture of 100 annotated immune genes to genotype 121 dromedaries from the UAE tested for seropositivity to CCHFV. Through univariate linear regression analysis, we identified two candidate genes belonging to the innate immune system: FCAR and CLEC2B. These genes have important functions in the host defense against viral infections and in stimulating natural killer cells, respectively. This study opens doors for future research into immune defense mechanisms in an enzootic host against an important zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lado
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Futas
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (M.P.); (P.H.)
- RG Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC VETUNI Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Plasil
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (M.P.); (P.H.)
- RG Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC VETUNI Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeremy V. Camp
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
| | | | - Petr Horin
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (M.P.); (P.H.)
- RG Animal Immunogenomics, CEITEC VETUNI Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.L.); (N.N.)
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Pamela A. Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
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9
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Csadek I, Paulsen P, Weidinger P, Bak KH, Bauer S, Pilz B, Nowotny N, Smulders FJM. Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121333. [PMID: 34947864 PMCID: PMC8709485 DOI: 10.3390/life11121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coronavirus, BCoV)] suspended in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). A 15 min exposure effectuated a statistically significant immediate reduction in intact BCoV viruses by 2.8 (ozone-dominated plasma, “low power”) or 2.3 log cycles (nitrate-dominated, “high power”) of the initial viral load. The immediate effect of CAP on EHV-1 was less pronounced, with “low power” CAP yielding a 1.4 and “high power” a 1.0 log reduction. We observed a decline in glucose contents in DMEM, which was most probably caused by a Maillard reaction with the amino acids in DMEM. With respect to the application of the virucidal CAP treatment in oyster production, we investigated whether salt water could be sanitized. CAP treatment entailed a significant decline in pH, below the limits acceptable for holding oysters. In oyster slurry (a surrogate for live oysters), CAP exposure resulted in an increase in total nitrogen, and, to a lower extent, in nitrate and nitrite; this was most probably caused by absorption of nitrate from the plasma gas cloud. We could not observe a change in colour, indicative for binding of NOx to haemocyanin, although this would be a reasonable assumption. Further studies are necessary to explore in which form this additional nitrogen is deposited in oyster flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Csadek
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1250-77-3325
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Kathrine H. Bak
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Susanne Bauer
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Brigitte Pilz
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frans J. M. Smulders
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
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10
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Camp JV, Weidinger P, Ramaswamy S, Kannan DO, Osman BM, Kolodziejek J, Karuvantevida N, Abou Tayoun A, Loney T, Nowotny N. Association of Dromedary Camels and Camel Ticks with Reassortant Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, United Arab Emirates. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2471-2474. [PMID: 34424177 PMCID: PMC8386785 DOI: 10.3201/eid2709.210299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously detected a potentially novel reassortant of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in camels at the largest livestock market in the United Arab Emirates. A broader survey of large mammals at the site indicated zoonotic transmission is associated with dromedaries and camel ticks. Seroprevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats is minimal.
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11
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Bakran-Lebl K, Camp JV, Kolodziejek J, Weidinger P, Hufnagl P, Cabal Rosel A, Zwickelstorfer A, Allerberger F, Nowotny N. Diversity of West Nile and Usutu virus strains in mosquitoes at an international airport in Austria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2096-2109. [PMID: 34169666 PMCID: PMC9540796 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased globalization and international transportation have resulted in the inadvertent introduction of exotic mosquitoes and new mosquito‐borne diseases. International airports are among the possible points of entry for mosquitoes and their pathogens. We established a mosquito and mosquito‐borne diseases monitoring programme at the largest international airport in Austria and report the results for the first two years, 2018 and 2019. This included weekly monitoring and sampling of adult mosquitoes, and screening them for the presence of viral nucleic acids by standard molecular diagnostic techniques. Additionally, we surveyed the avian community at the airport, as birds are potentially amplifying hosts. In 2018, West Nile virus (WNV) was detected in 14 pools and Usutu virus (USUV) was detected in another 14 pools of mosquitoes (minimum infection rate [MIR] of 6.8 for each virus). Of these 28 pools, 26 consisted of female Culex pipiens/torrentium, and two contained male Culex sp. mosquitoes. Cx. pipiens/torrentium mosquitoes were the most frequently captured mosquito species at the airport. The detected WNV strains belonged to five sub‐clusters within the sub‐lineage 2d‐1, and all detected USUV strains were grouped to at least seven sub‐clusters among the cluster Europe 2; all strains were previously shown to be endemic in Austria. In 2019, all mosquito pools were negative for any viral nucleic acids tested. Our study suggests that airports may serve as foci of arbovirus activity, particularly during epidemic years, and should be considered when designing mosquito control and arbovirus monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bakran-Lebl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy V Camp
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hufnagl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Lado S, Elbers JP, Plasil M, Loney T, Weidinger P, Camp JV, Kolodziejek J, Futas J, Kannan DA, Orozco-terWengel P, Horin P, Nowotny N, Burger PA. Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes Associated with MERS-CoV Infection in Dromedaries. Cells 2021; 10:1291. [PMID: 34070971 PMCID: PMC8224694 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has refocused attention to the betacoronaviruses, only eight years after the emergence of another zoonotic betacoronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While the wild source of SARS-CoV-2 may be disputed, for MERS-CoV, dromedaries are considered as source of zoonotic human infections. Testing 100 immune-response genes in 121 dromedaries from United Arab Emirates (UAE) for potential association with present MERS-CoV infection, we identified candidate genes with important functions in the adaptive, MHC-class I (HLA-A-24-like) and II (HLA-DPB1-like), and innate immune response (PTPN4, MAGOHB), and in cilia coating the respiratory tract (DNAH7). Some of these genes previously have been associated with viral replication in SARS-CoV-1/-2 in humans, others have an important role in the movement of bronchial cilia. These results suggest similar host genetic pathways associated with these betacoronaviruses, although further work is required to better understand the MERS-CoV disease dynamics in both dromedaries and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lado
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.L.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Jean P. Elbers
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.L.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Martin Plasil
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.F.); (P.H.)
- RG Animal Immunogenomics, Ceitec Vetuni, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeremy V. Camp
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Futas
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.F.); (P.H.)
- RG Animal Immunogenomics, Ceitec Vetuni, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- The Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Ave, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Petr Horin
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.F.); (P.H.)
- RG Animal Immunogenomics, Ceitec Vetuni, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.L.); (N.N.)
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (J.V.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Pamela A. Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.L.); (J.P.E.)
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13
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Manor U, Doviner V, Kolodziejek J, Weidinger P, Dagan A, Ben-Haim M, Rokah M, Nowotny N, Boleslavsky D. Capillaria hepatica (syn. Calodium hepaticum) as a Cause of Asymptomatic Liver Mass. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:204-206. [PMID: 33999846 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillaria hepatica (syn. Calodium hepaticum) is a parasitic nematode of rodents, rarely infecting humans. An asymptomatic Israeli adult male with extensive travel history was diagnosed with a liver mass on routine post-thymectomy follow-up. Imaging and computer tomography (CT) guided biopsy were inconclusive. Surgical excision revealed an eosinophilic granuloma with fragments of a nematode suspected to be C. hepatica. Molecular methods verified the diagnosis, and the patient was treated empirically. This is the first case of hepatic capillariasis described in Israel, and the first to be diagnosed using molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Manor
- 1Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Doviner
- 3Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,4The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Pia Weidinger
- 5University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amir Dagan
- 3Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,4The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menahem Ben-Haim
- 3Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,4The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav Rokah
- 1Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- 5University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,6College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Daniel Boleslavsky
- 1Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Camp JV, Kannan DO, Osman BM, Shah MS, Howarth B, Khafaga T, Weidinger P, Karuvantevida N, Kolodziejek J, Mazrooei H, Wolf N, Loney T, Nowotny N. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Endemicity in United Arab Emirates, 2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1019-1021. [PMID: 32097111 PMCID: PMC7181925 DOI: 10.3201/eid2605.191414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in dromedary camels and attached ticks at 3 locations in the United Arab Emirates. Results revealed a high prevalence of CCHFV-reactive antibodies in camels and viral RNA in ticks and camel serum, suggesting the virus is endemic in this country.
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15
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Weidinger P, Kolodziejek J, Bakonyi T, Brunthaler R, Erdélyi K, Weissenböck H, Nowotny N. Different dynamics of Usutu virus infections in Austria and Hungary, 2017-2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:298-307. [PMID: 31505099 PMCID: PMC7003936 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito‐borne flavivirus closely related to West Nile virus, emerged in Austria in 2001, when it caused a considerable mass‐mortality of Eurasian blackbirds. Cases in birds increased until 2003 and quickly declined thereafter, presumably due to developing herd immunity. Since 2006, no further cases were recorded, until two blackbirds were tested positive in 2016. In Hungary, USUV first appeared in 2005 and has caused only sporadic infections since then. Initially, the only genetic USUV lineage found across both countries was Europe 1. This changed in 2015/2016, when Europe 2 emerged, which has since then become the prevalent lineage. Due to dispersal of these strains and introduction of new genetic lineages, USUV infections are now widespread across Europe. In 2009, the first cases of USUV‐related encephalitis were described in humans, and the virus has been frequently detected in blood donations since 2016. To monitor USUV infections among the Austrian wild bird population in 2017/2018, 86 samples were investigated by RT‐PCR. In 67 of them, USUV nucleic acid was detected (17 in 2017, 50 in 2018). The majority of succumbed birds were blackbirds, found in Vienna and Lower Austria. However, the virus also spread westwards to Upper Austria and southwards to Styria and Carinthia. In Hungary, 253 wild birds were examined, but only six of them were infected with USUV (five in 2017, one in 2018). Thus, in contrast to the considerable increase in USUV‐associated bird mortality in Austria, the number of infections in Hungary declined after a peak in 2016. Except for one case of USUV lineage Africa 3 in Austria in 2017, Europe 2 remains the most prevalent genetic lineage in both countries. Since USUV transmission largely depends on temperature, which affects vector populations, climate change may cause more frequent USUV outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamás Bakonyi
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - René Brunthaler
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Károly Erdélyi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Weidinger P. Voluntas aegroti suprema lex. Manuelle Medizin 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-017-0329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Weidinger P. Haftungsrechtliche Fragen in der Chiropraktik. Manuelle Medizin 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-015-1238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Weidinger P. [On dealing with medical malpractice]. Versicherungsmedizin 2006; 58:161-3. [PMID: 17212297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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19
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Blum W, Pöllmann T, Hofmann U, Weidinger P. Deformation kinetics at constant structure during work hardening and steady state deformation of pure aluminium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211570215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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21
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Smolen JS, Weidinger P, Menzel EJ. Sensitivity to collagen in thromboangiitis obliterans. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:857-8. [PMID: 6888474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Weidinger P. [Functional results of oral dusodril therapy of obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities. Comparison of the angiogram, plethysmogram and Doppler ultrasound]. Med Welt 1983; 34:531-4. [PMID: 6865725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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Weidinger P, Landgraf R, Kiefhaber P. [Duodenoscopic diagnosis and therapy of biliary ascaridiasis]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1982; 71:1286-8. [PMID: 7134175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Olbert F, Weidinger P, Schlegl A, Teiner G, Hagmuller GW, Denck H. Combined transluminal percutaneous dilation and surgical reconstruction of the iliac, femoral and popliteal arteries. Ann Radiol (Paris) 1981; 24:369-74. [PMID: 6460458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Smolen JS, Youngchaiyud U, Weidinger P, Kojer M, Endler AT, Mayr WR, Menzel EJ. Autoimmunological aspects of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1978; 11:168-77. [PMID: 367656 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(78)90041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Rieckert H, Weidinger P, Steinbach K. [Comments on the article of Weidinger P, Steinbach K,: Effect of dihydroergotamine and propranolol in the acute orthostasis test (Wiener klinische Wschr 88, 7, 236-8, 1976)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1976; 88:679-81. [PMID: 997547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Weidinger P, Breunsbach J, Dvorák K. [Iodine-induced hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1976; 118:1329-32. [PMID: 825727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excessive administration of iodine over a long period may cause hypothyroidism in suitably disposed individuals and provoke the formation of a goiter. The underlying reason for this is the pathological lack of adaptation of the thyroid gland to high doses of iodine with persisting inhibition of hormone production through excess of intracellular iodine (Wolff-Chaikoff effect). Asthmatic patients--as in the case described - are usually affected, when they have taken iodine-containing expectorants over a long time. Provocation of an iodine-induced hypothyroidism by the recently required iodine prophylaxis of endemic goiter is not to be expected because the quantities of iodine lie within the physiological range.
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28
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Weidinger P, Denck H. [Objective results of lumbar sympathectomy in peripheral arterial occlusive diseases (author's transl)]. Thoraxchir Vask Chir 1976; 24:329-32. [PMID: 1086014 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1095938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A lumbar sympathectomy was performed on 36 patients with angiographical verified arterial occlusion on the upper and lower leg. Pre- and postoperative partly the lower leg flow was registered by air plethysmography and the lower leg and bridge of foot flow simultaneously registered by the Straine gauge plethysmography. Independent of the method an increase of the arterial blood flow was noticed with 40% of the patients. In spite of this improvement the registered values after the reactive hyperemia in lower leg and bridge of foot are still clearly restricted. The remaining 60% of the patients however showed a clear worthening of the blood flow conditions.
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Weidinger P, Steinbach K. [The effect of dihydroegotamine and propanolol on acute orthostasis (author's transl)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1976; 88:236-8. [PMID: 983076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
10 Patients with positive orthostatic dysregulation were investigated with regard to venous capacity, heart frequency and arterial blood pressure both lying down and sitting up. The venous capacity was reduced by 14% after dehydroergotamine (DHE) in the lying position, which is an expression of increased venous tone. There is no change in venous capacity following the administration of beta blockers in the lying position. Under orthostatic conditions beta blockers bring about an approximate normalization of the venous capacity reaction, whereas the abnormal response following placebo administration is only slightly altered by DHE.
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Weidinger P, Kaindl F, Kroiss A, Steinbach K. [Estimation of the orthostatic reaction by venous flow rheography]. Cardiology 1976; 61 suppl 1:191-8. [PMID: 10083 DOI: 10.1159/000169810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Weidinger P, Uhlir H. [Results of long-term training in obliterative arteriopathy]. Med Welt 1975; 26:2178-9. [PMID: 813084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Steinbach K, Weidinger P, Partsch H. [Proceedings: Orthostatic syndrome]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1974; 116:1066. [PMID: 4152627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Schuhfried F, Weidinger P, Tiso B, Kaindl F, Polzer K. [The influence of electrode pressure upon the rheogram (author's transl)]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1974; 86:228-9. [PMID: 4822333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Steinbach K, Weidinger P. [Effect of midodrin on orthostasis]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1973; 85:621-4. [PMID: 4148067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Weidinger P, Steinbach K, Schuhfried F, Tiso B, Polzer K, Kaindl F. Physiological and pharmakological influences on orthostasis. Angiology 1973; 24:411-8. [PMID: 4146363 DOI: 10.1177/000331977302400705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Weidinger P, Steinbach K. [Effect of beta receptor blockaders in orthostatic dysregulation in a critical study and following long-term therapy]. Fortschr Med 1973; 91:447-54. [PMID: 4144749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Weidinger P, Steinbach K. [Vascular reaction due to orthostatic conditions in the sitting-up test]. Z Kardiol 1973; 62:40-8. [PMID: 4711059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Thumb N, Weidinger P, Grabner G. [Optical immunofluorescent determination of antinuclear factors in progressive chronic polyarthritis]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1972; 84:73-6. [PMID: 4552575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Weidinger P. [Results of clinical trials of raubasin]. Med Welt 1970; 10:403-8. [PMID: 4908367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kaindl F, Pilgerstorfer HW, Weidinger P, Fischer M. [Studies on thrombolysis of older arterial thrombosis with streptokinase (preliminary report)]. Med Welt 1968; 32:1731-3. [PMID: 5718822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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