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Chung CS, Wu CY, Lin YH, Lo WC, Cheng PC, Hsu WL, Liao LJ. Screening and surveillance of esophageal cancer by magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging improves the survival of hypopharyngeal cancer patients. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1221616. [PMID: 38322289 PMCID: PMC10844580 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1221616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with head and neck cancer may develop a second primary neoplasm (SPN) of the esophagus due to field cancerization. This study investigated the impacts of esophageal cancer screening using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) on the outcomes of hypopharyngeal cancer patients. Methods Patients with hypopharyngeal cancer diagnosed from 2008 to 2021 in a tertiary hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Screening and surveillance using ME-NBI examination of the esophagus were divided into three patterns: (1) ME-NBI never performed or more than 6 months after diagnosis of index primary hypopharyngeal cancer, (2) ME-NBI within 6 months only, and (3) ME-NBI within 6 months and regular surveillance. Results A total of 261 were reviewed and 21 (8%) patients were in stage I, 20 (8%) in stage II, 27 (10%) in stage III, 116 (44%) in stage IVA, 65 (25%) in stage IVB, and 12 (5%) in stage IVC. Sixty-seven (26%) patients had SPN (50 esophagus, 10 oral cavity, 3 oropharynx, 2 nasopharynx, 1 larynx and 1 lung). Among esophageal SPN, 35 (70%) and 15 (30%) patients developed synchronous and metachronous neoplasia, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, advanced stages III and IV (compared with stages I and II, HR: 1.86, 1.18-2.95, p=0.008), ME-NBI examination of the esophagus received within 6 months and regular surveillance (HR: 0.53, 0.36-0.78, p=0.001) were independent factors affecting the overall survival of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. Discussion Our findings demonstrated that screening and surveillance of esophageal SPN by ME-NBI improves the survival of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shuan Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance & Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Master’s Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master’s Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Cheng PC, Chiang HHK. Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors Using Transfer Learning with Fine-Tuning and Gradual Unfreezing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3333. [PMID: 37958229 PMCID: PMC10648910 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is the primary tool for evaluating salivary gland tumors (SGTs); however, tumor diagnosis currently relies on subjective features. This study aimed to establish an objective ultrasound diagnostic method using deep learning. We collected 446 benign and 223 malignant SGT ultrasound images in the training/validation set and 119 benign and 44 malignant SGT ultrasound images in the testing set. We trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models from scratch and employed transfer learning (TL) with fine-tuning and gradual unfreezing to classify malignant and benign SGTs. The diagnostic performances of these models were compared. By utilizing the pretrained ResNet50V2 with fine-tuning and gradual unfreezing, we achieved a 5-fold average validation accuracy of 0.920. The diagnostic performance on the testing set demonstrated an accuracy of 89.0%, a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 91.6%, a positive predictive value of 78.3%, and a negative predictive value of 93.2%. This performance surpasses that of other models in our study. The corresponding Grad-CAM visualizations were also presented to provide explanations for the diagnosis. This study presents an effective and objective ultrasound method for distinguishing between malignant and benign SGTs, which could assist in preoperative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Kenny Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
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Cheng PC, Chang CM, Liao LJ, Hsieh CH, Shueng PW, Cheng PW, Lo WC. Ultrasound Is Beneficial to Determine Lymphadenopathy in Oral Cancer Patients after Radiotherapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2409. [PMID: 37510156 PMCID: PMC10378444 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the addition of ultrasound (US) +/- fine needle aspiration (FNA) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) improves the diagnostic accuracy in assessing neck lymphadenopathy in oral cancer patients after neck irradiation. We retrospectively reviewed oral cancer patients who had neck lymphadenopathy after radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT) from February 2008 to November 2019. The following diagnostic modalities were assessed: (1) MRI/CT, (2) MRI/CT with a post-RT US predictive model, and (3) MRI/CT with US + FNA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance. A total of 104 irradiation-treated oral cancer patients who subsequently had neck lymphadenopathy were recruited and analyzed. Finally, there were 68 (65%) malignant and 36 (35%) benign lymphadenopathies. In terms of the diagnostic performance, the area under the ROC curves (C-statistics) was 0.983, 0.920, and 0.828 for MRI/CT with US + FNA, MRI/CT with a post-RT US predictive model, and MRI/CT, respectively. The addition of US to MRI/CT to evaluate cervical lymphadenopathy could achieve a better diagnostic accuracy than MRI/CT alone in oral cancer patients after neck irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22061, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
- Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
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Lo WC, Cheng PC, Hsu WL, Cheng PW, Liao LJ. A Novel Prediction Model Based on Quantitative Texture Analysis of Sonographic Images for Malignant Major Salivary Glandular Tumors. J Med Ultrasound 2023; 31:218-222. [PMID: 38025013 PMCID: PMC10668912 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_65_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare multiple objective ultrasound (US) texture features and develop an objective predictive model for predicting malignant major salivary glandular tumors. Methods From August 2007 to May 2018, 144 adult patients who had major salivary gland tumors and subsequently underwent surgery were recruited for this study. Representative brightness mode US pictures were selected for texture analysis and used to develop a prediction model. Results We found that the grayscale intensity and standard deviation of the intensity were significantly different between malignant and pleomorphic adenomas. The contrast, inverse difference (INV) movement, entropy, dissimilarity, and INV also differed significantly between benign and malignant tumors. We used stepwise selection of predictors to develop an objective predictive model, as follows: Score = 1.138 × Age - 1.814 × Intensity + 1.416 × Entropy + 1.714 × Contrast. With an optimal cutoff of 0.58, the diagnostic performance of this model had a sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, and area under the curve of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74%-92%), 74% (65%-84%), 78% (72%-85%), and 0.86 (0.80-0.92), respectively. Conclusion We have developed a novel computerized diagnostic model based on objective US features to predict malignant major salivary gland tumor. Further improving the computer-aided diagnosis model might change the US examination for major salivary gland tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cheng PC, Kao YC, Lo WC, Cheng PW, Wu CY, Hsieh CH, Shueng PW, Wang CT, Liao LJ. Speech and Swallowing Rehabilitation Potentially Decreases Body Weight Loss and Improves Survival in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors. Dysphagia 2023; 38:641-649. [PMID: 35819528 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective observational cohort study aims to assess the outcomes and associated factors in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors with dysphagia, and to investigate the relationship between outcomes and speech and swallowing rehabilitation (SSR). We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with HNC between October 2016 and July 2018; we included 393 patients who developed dysphagia after definite treatment and were referred to speech-language pathologists (SLPs). We then classified patients into groups according to whether they received SSR. We used the clinical variables-including age, sex, site of malignancy, cancer stage, treatment modality, SSR, initial ECOG score, initial KPS, initial body weight (BW), and initial BMI-to evaluate the association between the percentage of BW change and overall survival (OS). There were 152 (39%) and 241 (61%) patients who received and did not receive SSR, respectively. In multivariate linear regression, SSR was significantly associated with percentage change in BW at 3 months post-treatment. Having SSR was positively associated with the percentage change in BW and decreased the BW loss [β coefficient (95% CIs) = 2.53 (0.92 to 4.14)] compared to having no SSR. In the multivariate Cox regression, SSR was an independent factor for OS. Compared to no SSR, the hazard ratio (95% CIs) for patients who received SSR was 0.48 (0.31 to 0.74). SSR helps to avoid BW loss and increases overall survival. HNC patients who develop dysphagia after treatment should be encouraged to participate in SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Chia Kao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan.
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Cheng PC, Chang CM, Liao LJ, Hsieh CH, Shueng PW, Cheng PW, Lo WC. Ultrasound examination supporting CT or MRI in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with irradiation-treated head and neck cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230682. [PMID: 37069937 PMCID: PMC10105548 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the diagnostic performance of adding ultrasound (US) with/without fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating neck lymphadenopathy (LAP) in patients with head and neck cancer treated with irradiation. We included 269 patients who had neck LAP after radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) resulting from cancers of the head and neck region between October 2008 and September 2018. The diagnostic methods consisted of the following: 1) CT/MRI alone, 2) CT/MRI combined with a post-RT US predictive model, and 3) CT/MRI combined with US + FNAC. We compared their diagnostic performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In total, 141 (52%) malignant and 128 (48%) benign LAPs were observed. Regarding the diagnostic accuracy, the area under the ROC curves was highest for the combined CT/MRI and US + FNAC (0.965), followed by the combined CT/MRI and post-RT US predictive model (0.906) and CT/MRI alone (0.836). Our data suggest that the addition of a US examination to CT/MRI resulted in higher diagnostic performance than CT/MRI alone in terms of diagnosing recurrent or persistent nodal disease during the evaluation of LAP in patients with irradiation-treated head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Lo WC, Chang CM, Cheng PC, Wen MH, Wang CT, Cheng PW, Liao LJ. The Applications and Potential Developments of Ultrasound in Oral Cancer Management. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221133216. [PMID: 36254559 PMCID: PMC9580086 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221133216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is endemic and causes a great burden in Southern Asia. It is preferably treated by surgery with/without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation therapy, depending on the stage of the disease. Close or positive resection margin and cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis are important prognostic factors that have been presented to be related to undesirable locoregional recurrence and poor survival. Ultrasound (US) is a simple, noninvasive, time-saving, and inexpensive diagnostic modality. It can depict soft tissues very clearly without the risk of radiation exposure. Additionally, it is real-time and continuous image is demonstrated during the exam. Furthermore, the clinician can perform US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) at the same time. US with/without US-guided FNA/CNB is reported to be of value in determining tumor thickness (TT), depth of invasion (DOI), and cervical LN metastasis, and in aiding the staging of oral cancer. DOI has a relevant prognostic value as reported in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging of oral cancer. In the present review, we describe the clinical applications of US in oral cancer management in different phases and potential applications in the future. In the pretreatment and surgical phase, US can be used to evaluate TT/DOI and surgical margins of oral cancer in vivo and ex vivo. The prediction of a malignant cervical LN (nodal metastasis) by the US-based prediction model can guide the necessity of FNA/CNB and elective neck dissection in clinical early-stage oral cancer. In the posttreatment surveillance phase, US with/without US-guided FNA or CNB is helpful in the detection of nodal persistence or LN recurrence, and can assess the possibility and extent of carotid artery stenosis after irradiation therapy. Both US elastography and US swallowing assessment are potentially helpful to the management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan,Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei,Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei,Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City
| | - Ming-Hsun Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chi-Te Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei,Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Study Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan,Li-Jen Liao, MD, PhD, Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, 21, Section 2, Nan-Ya South Road, Banqiao, New Taipei 22061.
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Lin PY, Cheng PC, Hsu WL, Lo WC, Hsieh CH, Shueng PW, Liao LJ. Risk of CVD Following Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:820808. [PMID: 35719982 PMCID: PMC9198239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.820808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relative risk for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is increased in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with radiotherapy (RT). However, the current relative risk for CVD following RT has not been well clarified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of RT and update the risk of CVD following RT in HNC patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Material and Methods We conducted an online database search and systematic review of observational studies that reported on CVD and extracranial carotid stenosis in patients with HNC who had undergone RT. Articles published in Medline and PubMed from 1980 to 2021 were identified and collected. Results Of the forty-seven articles identified from PubMed and forty-four articles identified from 3 systematic reviews, twenty-two studies were included. We found that neck RT was a significant risk factor for CVD (HR 3.97, 95% CI: 2.89-5.45). Patients with HNC treated by RT had an increased OR (7.36, 95% CI: 4.13-13.11) for CVD, and approximately 26% (95% CI: 22%-31%) of HNC patients treated with RT were at risk for CVD with more than 50% reduction in carotid diameter. Conclusion The risk of CVD is increased in patients with HNC treated by RT, and recent improvements in RT techniques may have contributed to the decreased risk of CVD. These results suggest that regular follow-up and appropriate screening for CVD should be required for patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yi Lin
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Wu CY, Lin YH, Lo WC, Cheng PC, Hsu WL, Chen YC, Shueng PW, Hsieh CH, Liao LJ. Nutritional status at diagnosis is prognostic for pharyngeal cancer patients: a retrospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:3671-3678. [PMID: 35076744 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several nutrition indicators have been reported to be related to the prognosis of HNC. However, the prognostic effect of these multiple nutrition factors in HNC is not well elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of these factors, including the novel hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score, for pharyngeal cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2008 to 2019, a total of 319 pharyngeal cancer patients were recruited. We collected adult patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients who completed definite staging workup and treatment were selected for analysis. We traced nutritional and hematological parameters, including body mass index (BMI), albumin, and complete blood count, for survival analysis. RESULTS We found that multiple nutritional markers, including BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), nutritional risk index (NRI) and HALP score, were important predictors for pharyngeal cancers in univariate Cox regression analysis. In multivariate analysis, we found that the HALP score was still an independent factor (HR: 1.62, 1.13-2.32 for overall survival [OS]) after adjusting of gender, age, cancer site, clinical stage, and BMI. The PNI was the most important independent factor for OS (HR: 3.12, 2.18-4.47) and cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.88, 1.88-4.41) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION We found that multiple nutrition markers, including BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, PNI, NRI and HALP score, are important predictors for pharyngeal cancers. This is the first report confirming the prognostic effect of the HALP score for HNCs. Nutritional status at diagnosis should be given more attention in pharyngeal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yun Wu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Master's Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao Dist.,, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao Dist.,, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chen Chen
- Master's Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao Dist.,, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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10
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Chang CM, Lo WC, Young YH, Liao LJ, Wu PH, Cheng PC, Cheng PW. Evaluation of retrootolithic function using galvanic vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:3415-3423. [PMID: 34562111 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose is to investigate possible vestibulopathy in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), inner ear tests, including cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs) via various stimulation modes, were adopted. METHODS Fifty BPPV patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry, cVEMPs, oVEMPs, and caloric tests. The recurrence status, abnormal rates of inner ear tests, and the characteristic parameters of VEMPs, such as wave latencies and amplitudes, were analyzed. RESULTS In affected ears, the abnormal rates of acoustic cVEMPs, vibratory oVEMPs, galvanic cVEMPs, and galvanic oVEMPs were 62%, 28%, 36%, and 14%, respectively. The abnormalities of acoustic cVEMPs were significantly larger than those of vibratory oVEMPs, and acoustic/vibratory VEMPs had significantly higher abnormal rates than the corresponding galvanic VEMPs. CONCLUSION BPPV patients may have both otolithic and neural dysfunctions. Otolithic organ damage occurs more frequently than retrootolithic neural degeneration, and the saccular macula might have a greater extent of damage than the utricular macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ho Young
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Communication Engineering, Oriental Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Wu PH, Cheng PC, Chang CM, Lo WC, Cheng PW. Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Nasal Irrigation Solution After Sinonasal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:1148-1152. [PMID: 34397104 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative nasal irrigation with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solution in patients undergoing sinonasal surgery. STUDY DESIGN Single-blind, randomized controlled study. METHODS This is a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and hypertrophic inferior turbinates who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and inferior turbinate reduction were enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated using the Taiwanese version of the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (TWSNOT-22), rhinomanometry, endoscopic examination, and bacterial cultures. One week after the operation, patients were randomly assigned to either a 0.1% PVP-I nasal irrigation group or a control (normal saline) irrigation group. We then compared the two groups' results to illustrate the effects of nasal irrigation with PVP-I solution following sinonasal surgery. RESULTS Of the 55 patients that completed the study, 27 patients were in the PVP-I group and 28 were in the control group. In both groups, the TWSNOT-22 scores, Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores, and total nasal resistance (TNR) all revealed significant improvements at 3 months postoperatively compared with preoperative measurements (all, P < .05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in TWSNOT-22, endoscopic, or TNR scores 3 months after the operation (all, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS A dilute 0.1% PVP-I nasal irrigation as a postoperative care modality after sinonasal surgery did not provide additional benefit compared with normal saline irrigation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Communication Engineering, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Cheng PC, Chang CM, Liao LJ, Cheng PW, Lo WC. The outcomes and decision-making process for neck lymph nodes with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration cytology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246437. [PMID: 33539457 PMCID: PMC7861456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to propose a cytological classification, to evaluate predictive factors of the final malignancy, and to suggest a proper management strategy for neck lymph nodes (LNs) with indeterminate cytology. Methods Patients who had neck lymphadenopathy with indeterminate cytology between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively in a tertiary medical center. Cytological classification was conducted according to the cytological descriptions. We examined the clinical characteristics according to the final diagnosis of the neck lymphadenopathy. Results According to the final diagnoses, there were 142 malignant and 95 benign neck LNs among 237 patients. Multivariate analyses using a stepwise logistic regression model showed that cytological classification [p < 0.001, OR = 5.67 (3.48–9.23)], prior history of malignancy [p = 0.01, OR = 2.97 (1.26–6.99)], long axis [p = 0.01, OR = 3.06 (1.33–7.06)], short-to-long axis (S/L) ratio [p = 0.047, OR = 2.15 (1.01–4.57)] and internal echogenicity [p = 0.01, OR = 2.72 (1.26–5.86)] were independent predictors of malignancy. Conclusions In patients who have neck LNs with indeterminate cytology, a cytological classification and four other predictors (prior history of malignancy, long axis ≥ 1.93 cm, S/L ratio ≥ 0.64 and heterogeneity of internal echogenicity) are statistically associated with the risk of malignancy and helpful in guiding further management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- * E-mail:
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13
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Cheng PC, Cheng PW, Liao LJ. Ultrasonographic Sign of the Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve. J Med Ultrasound 2020; 28:48-49. [PMID: 32368451 PMCID: PMC7194429 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_69_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare anomaly of the inferior laryngeal nerve and is associated with the aberrant subclavian artery (negative Y sign). Despite the low incidence, the risk of iatrogenic injury to the NRLN is high without awareness of this anomaly. Neck ultrasonography is an effective method for detecting vascular anomalies and lowering the risk of vocal cord paralysis. We reported a case of a 39-year-old female with a right thyroid nodule. Neck ultrasonography revealed one ill-defined and hypoechoic thyroid nodule with dimensions of 1.6 cm × 1.0 cm × 0.6 cm and a negative Y sign. The fine-needle aspiration cytology report showed suspicion of a follicular neoplasm, Hurthle cell type. After discussing with the patient, the right thyroid lobectomy was arranged. During the operation, the right NRLN was confirmed. No vocal cord paralysis was noted after the surgery. The patient was finally diagnosed with Hurthle cell adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Cheng PC, Lo WC, Chang CM, Huang TW, Cheng PW, Liao LJ. The outcome and decision-making of extracapsular dissection for benign superficial lobe parotid tumours: Our experience in 144 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 45:151-155. [PMID: 31755650 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih-Ming Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Medical Engineering Office, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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15
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Abstract
A tracheotomy is a basic operation for the otorhinolaryngologist. According to reports from the United States and from our experience, there has been a steady decline in the number of tracheostomies performed by young resident doctors. Due to concerns for inadequate training of young residents, we developed a tracheotomy course consisting of a lecture, a live animal model, and questionnaires. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this training model. Twelve volunteer resident doctors joined the training course and, following a lecture by a senior surgeon, practiced tracheostomies with a 4-month-old female swine weighing 32 kg. We recorded the procedure time, blood loss, and complications. The doctors' procedural competence was recorded using questionnaires before and after the training. All operations were completed within 30 minutes, and the blood loss was less than 5 ml. There were no serious acute complications. After the training, young residents had improved scores on surgical landmark recognition, overall procedural competence, confidence in performing the procedure, and understanding of the surgical procedures and equipment (P < .05). Our findings reveal that an animal model-based tracheotomy course is an effective training model for young resident doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Cheng
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei
| | - Tsung-Yi Cho
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- 2 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Wu-Chia Lo
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei.,3 Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Chi-Te Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei.,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan
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16
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Tseng YC, Ho GD, Chen T TW, Huang BF, Cheng PC, Chen JL, Peng SY. Prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis from faecal samples of stray dogs in Hualien city of eastern Taiwan. Trop Biomed 2014; 31:305-311. [PMID: 25134899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes diarrhea through waterborne transmission or fecal-oral infection. The cysts are chlorine-resistant and, therefore, can pollute drinking water and induce a pandemic disease. In this study, we aimed to detect G. duodenalis infection in stray dogs in Hualien, Taiwan. We collected faecal samples from 118 dogs and amplified DNA sequences of the β-giardin gene by nested polymerase chain reactions (nested PCR). Eleven of the 118 faecal samples tested positive for the parasite. The genotype analysis of the 11 samples indicated that 7 samples belonged to assemblage C and four samples belonged to assemblage D. Our study provided a better understanding of the infection rate and genotypes of G. duodenalis in dogs from Hualien City, and human infection could not be induced by this zoonotic infection pathway in Hualien City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Tseng
- Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - G D Ho
- Effpha Pharma Management Corp. Taipei Taiwan
| | - T W Chen T
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B F Huang
- Department of laboratory medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - P C Cheng
- Department of Parasitology and Center for International Tropical medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J L Chen
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - S Y Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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17
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Luo CW, Wu IH, Cheng PC, Lin JY, Wu KH, Uen TM, Juang JY, Kobayashi T, Chareev DA, Volkova OS, Vasiliev AN. Quasiparticle dynamics and phonon softening in FeSe superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:257006. [PMID: 23004646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.257006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quasiparticle dynamics of FeSe single crystals revealed by dual-color transient reflectivity measurements (ΔR/R) provides unprecedented information on Fe-based superconductors. The amplitude of the fast component in ΔR/R clearly gives a competing scenario between spin fluctuations and superconductivity. Together with the transport measurements, the relaxation time analysis further exhibits anomalous changes at 90 and 230 K. The former manifests a structure phase transition as well as the associated phonon softening. The latter suggests a previously overlooked phase transition or crossover in FeSe. The electron-phonon coupling constant λ is found to be 0.16, identical to the value of theoretical calculations. Such a small λ demonstrates an unconventional origin of superconductivity in FeSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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18
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Smith HO, Jiang CS, Weiss GR, Hallum AV, Liu PY, Robinson WR, Cheng PC, Scudder SA, Markman M, Alberts DS. Tirapazamine plus cisplatin in advanced or recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16:298-305. [PMID: 16445649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine objective response and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) following cisplatin plus tirapazamine treatment in eligible consenting patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous or adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix. Treatment consisted of intravenous tirapazamine, 260 mg/m(2), followed by cisplatin, 75 mg/m(2), every 21 days for six cycles. Of 56 registered cases, 52 were evaluable for toxicity. There were six grade 4 toxicities (anemia [three], dyspnea [one], neutropenia/granulocytopenia [one], and dehydration [one]). Fifty-three patients were evaluable for response, OS, and PFS. The 6-month OS rate was 56.6% (95% CI 43.3-69.9%). The objective response rate was 32.1% (4 complete [2 confirmed and 2 unconfirmed] and 13 partial [8 confirmed and 5 unconfirmed]). Higher response rates (16/34 [47.1%] vs 1/19 [5.3%], P= 0.0018) were observed in patients who had not previously received radiation-sensitizing chemotherapy, as were OS and PFS (13.9 vs 4.0 months, P < 0.0001; 5.3 vs 1.8 months, P= 0.01). The OS was considered too low to warrant further testing in this disease setting. Despite this, tirapazamine plus cisplatin was active in patients who had not received cisplatin previously. Prior use of radiosensitizing chemotherapy impacted response and survival significantly and should be considered in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC 10 5580, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5286, USA.
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19
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Abstract
With its output wavelength covering the infrared penetrating window of most biological tissues at 1,200-1,250 nm, the femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser shows high potential to serve as an excellent excitation source for the multiphoton fluorescence microscope. Its high output power, short optical pulse width, high stability, and low dispersion in fibers make it a perfect replacement for the currently widely used Ti:sapphire laser. In this paper, we study the capability of using a femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser in multiphoton scanning microscopy. We have performed the multiphoton excited photoluminescence spectrum measurement on several commonly used bioprobes using the 1,230 nm femtosecond pulses from a Cr:forsterite laser. Efficient fluorescence can be easily observed in these bioprobes through two-photon or three-photon excitation processes. These results will assist in the selection of dichroic beam splitter and band pass filters in a multiphoton microscopic system. We have also performed the autofluorescence spectrum measurement from chlorophylls in live leaves of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana excited by 1,230 nm femtosecond pulses from the Cr:forsterite laser. Bright luminescence from chlorophyll, centered at 673 and 728 nm, respectively, can be easily observed. Taking advantage of the bright two-photon photoluminescence from chlorophyll, we demonstrated the two-photon scanning paradermal and cross-sectional images of palisade mesophyll cells in live leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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20
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Abstract
The CD19/CD21 complex is an essential B cell coreceptor that functions synergistically to enhance signaling through the B cell Ag receptor in response to T cell-dependent, complement-tagged Ags. In this study, we use a recombinant protein containing three tandemly arranged copies of C3d and the Ag hen egg lysozyme, shown to be a highly effective immunogen in vivo, to evaluate the role of the CD19/CD21 complex in Ag processing in B cells. Evidence is provided that coengagement of the CD19/CD21 complex results in more rapid and efficient production of antigenic peptide/class II complexes as compared with B cell Ag receptor-mediated processing alone. The CD19/CD21 complex does not itself target complement-tagged Ags for processing, but rather appears to influence B cell Ag processing through its signaling function. The ability of the CD19/CD21 complex to augment processing may be an important element of the mechanism by which the CD19/CD21 complex functions to promote B cell responses to T cell-dependent complement-tagged Ags in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, CD19/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Complement C3d/metabolism
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Ligands
- Macromolecular Substances
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muramidase/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylcholine/metabolism
- Pinocytosis/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement 3d/physiology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cherukuri
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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21
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Bhawalkar JD, Shih A, Pan SJ, Liou WS, Swiatkiewicz J, Reinhardt BA, Prasad PN, Cheng PC. Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy-from a fluorophore and specimen perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1361-6374(199609)4:3<168::aid-bio7>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Cheng PC, Cherukuri A, Dykstra M, Malapati S, Sproul T, Chen MR, Pierce SK. Floating the raft hypothesis: the roles of lipid rafts in B cell antigen receptor function. Semin Immunol 2001; 13:107-14. [PMID: 11308294 DOI: 10.1006/smim.2000.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The initiation of antibody responses to foreign antigens requires that B cells receive and integrate a variety of signals through an array of cell surface receptors including the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) as well as a number of essential coreceptors. Recent evidence indicates that cholesterol-rich plasma membrane microdomains, referred to here as lipid rafts, serve as platforms for BCR signaling and trafficking in B cells. The existence of rafts suggests a previously unappreciated level of organization at the B cell surface that may explain, at least in part, how BCR signaling is coordinated. Here the current evidence that lipid rafts play a key role in B cell responses is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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23
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Abstract
The cross-linking of the B cell Ag receptor (BCR) leads to the initiation of a signal transduction cascade in which the earliest events involve the phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs of Ig alpha and Ig beta by the Src family kinase Lyn and association of the BCR with the actin cytoskeleton. However, the mechanism by which BCR cross-linking initiates the cascade remains obscure. In this study, using various A20-transfected cell lines, biochemical and genetic evidence is provided that BCR cross-linking leads to the translocation of the BCR into cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich lipid rafts in a process that is independent of the initiation of BCR signaling and does not require the actin cytoskeleton. Translocation of the BCR into lipid rafts did not require the Ig alpha/Ig beta signaling complex, was not dependent on engagement of the FcR, and was not blocked by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 or the actin-depolymerizing agents cytochalasin D or latrunculin. Thus, cross-linking or oligomerization of the BCR induces the BCR translocation into lipid rafts, defining an event in B cell activation that precedes receptor phosphorylation and association with the actin cytoskeleton.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Biological Transport, Active/genetics
- Biological Transport, Active/immunology
- CD79 Antigens
- Cell Membrane/enzymology
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/genetics
- Membrane Microdomains/enzymology
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Mice
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Temperature
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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24
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Abstract
The CD19/CD21 complex functions to significantly enhance B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling in response to complement-tagged antigens. Recent studies showed that following antigen binding the BCR translocates into plasma membrane lipid rafts that serve as platforms for BCR signaling. Here, we show that the binding of complement-tagged antigens stimulates the translocation of both the BCR and the CD19/CD21 complex into lipid rafts, resulting in prolonged residency in and signaling from the rafts, as compared to BCR cross-linking alone. When coligated to the BCR, the CD19/CD21 complex retards the internalization and degradation of the BCR. The colocalization and stabilization of the BCR and the CD19/CD21 complex in plasma membrane lipid rafts represents a novel mechanism by which a coreceptor enhances BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cherukuri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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25
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Watson TF, Azzopardi A, Etman M, Cheng PC, Sidhu SK. Confocal and multi-photon microscopy of dental hard tissues and biomaterials. Am J Dent 2000; 13:19D-24D. [PMID: 11763913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Confocal microscopy is a technique that can be used both in the clinic and the high-resolution microscopy suite. This form of optical microscopy enables high-resolution images to be made of samples with minimum requirements for specimen preparation. Images may be made of either reflections from the sample surface or, if an immersion medium is used to optically couple the objective lens, then sub-surface images can be produced of reflective or fluorescent structures within semi transparent materials such as cells and dental hard tissues. These images are like optical sections, giving thin (> 0.35 microm) slices up to 200 microm below the surface of a mineralized tissue. The technique generates significant improvements in resolution, lying somewhere between that of conventional light microscopy and TEM/SEM. Instruments that work at video-rate allow high-speed events to be examined, such as in vivo clinical studies, cutting of dental tissues and fracture of adhesive interfaces. New dyes offer many exciting prospects for labeling changes in chemical composition in materials or biological tissues, while new imaging techniques such as multi-photon laser excitation of dyes give the potential of greater depth penetration and improved resolution. As with all new techniques the inexperienced should be aware of some of the artifacts inherent to the system. However, the widespread availability of conventional confocal microscopes should give ample opportunity for dental researchers to capitalize on this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Watson
- Division of Conservative Dentistry, KCL, Guy's, King's & St Thomas' Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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26
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Abstract
For mature B cells, the encounter with foreign antigen results in the selective expansion of the cells and their differentiation into antibody secreting cells or memory B cells. The response of mature B cells to antigen requires not only antigen binding to and signaling through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) but also the processing and presentation of the BCR bound antigen to helper T cells. Thus, in mature B cells, the ability to process and present antigen to helper T cells plays a critical role in determining the outcome of antigen encounter. In immature B cells, the binding of antigen results in negative selection of the B cell, inducing apoptosis, anergy or receptor editing. Negative selection of immature B cells requires antigen induced signaling through the BCR, analogous to the signaling function of the BCR in mature B cells. However, the role of class II antigen processing and presentation in immature B cells is less well understood. Current evidence indicates that the ability to process and present antigen bound to the BCR is a late acquisition of developing B cells, suggesting that during negative selection B cells may not present BCR bound antigen and interact with helper T cells. However, the expression of class II molecules is an early acquisition of B cells and recent evidence indicates that the expression of class II molecules early in development is required for the generation of long lived mature B cells. Here we review our current understanding of the processing and presentation of antigen by mature B cells and the role for antigen processing and class II expression during B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Sproul
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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27
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Lin WM, Michalopulos EA, Dhurander N, Cheng PC, Robinson W, Ashfaq R, Coleman RL, Muller CY. Allelic loss and microsatellite alterations of chromosome 3p14.2 are more frequent in recurrent cervical dysplasias. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:1410-4. [PMID: 10778971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have documented the unpredictable clinical progression or recurrence of cervical dysplasia. Recent studies have shown several molecular changes in cervical cancers and their associated dysplasia. We conducted molecular analyses on a retrospectively ascertained cohort of recurrent and nonrecurrent cervical dysplasia cases in an attempt to define molecular biomarkers to predict progressive or recurrent disease. Cases were chosen if long-term follow-up (3-5 years after conization) and biopsy confirmation were available. Paraffin-embedded, postconization cervical tissues from 19 recurrent and 18 nonrecurrent dysplasias were analyzed. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was identified by PCR for general and type-specific (HPV-16 and HPV-18) primers. Allelotyping analysis was performed by multiplex PCR using a panel of 16 microsatellite markers targeting putative tumor suppressor gene regions on chromosomes 3p, 5p, 6p, 9p, 11q, and 17p. The overall rate of HPV infection was similar in both groups. In the allelotyping analysis, loss of heterozygosity at the fragile histidine triad region in 3p14.2 was significantly higher in the recurrent group than in the nonrecurrent group (P = 0.005). Furthermore, microsatellite alterations (MAs) were more frequent in the recurrent group (mean MA index, 0.254) as compared with the nonrecurrent group (mean MA index, 0.085; P = 0.0025). These findings suggest that HPV status alone does not predict recurrence and that loss of heterozygos. ity at the fragile histidine triad region may represent a potential biomarker in predicting recurrence. Frequent MAs in the recurrent group may represent an underlying genomic instability that creates susceptibility for allelic loss, thus increasing the risk for recurrence or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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28
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Cheng PC, Dykstra ML, Mitchell RN, Pierce SK. A role for lipid rafts in B cell antigen receptor signaling and antigen targeting. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1549-60. [PMID: 10587346 PMCID: PMC2195743 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.11.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/1999] [Accepted: 09/27/1999] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) serves both to initiate signal transduction cascades and to target antigen for processing and presentation by MHC class II molecules. How these two BCR functions are coordinated is not known. Recently, sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich plasma membrane lipid microdomains, termed lipid rafts, have been identified and proposed to function as platforms for both receptor signaling and membrane trafficking. Here we show that upon cross-linking, the BCR rapidly translocates into ganglioside G(M1)-enriched lipid rafts that contain the Src family kinase Lyn and exclude the phosphatase CD45R. Both Igalpha and Lyn in the lipid rafts become phosphorylated, and subsequently the BCR and a portion of G(M1) are targeted to the class II peptide loading compartment. Entry into lipid rafts, however, is not sufficient for targeting to the antigen processing compartments, as a mutant surface Ig containing a deletion of the cytoplasmic domain is constitutively present in rafts but when cross-linked does not internalize to the antigen processing compartment. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a role for lipid rafts in the initial steps of BCR signaling and antigen targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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29
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Cheng PC, Steele CR, Gu L, Song W, Pierce SK. MHC class II antigen processing in B cells: accelerated intracellular targeting of antigens. J Immunol 1999; 162:7171-80. [PMID: 10358163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Processing and presentation by Ag-specific B cells is initiated by Ag binding to the B cell Ag receptor (BCR). Cross-linking of the BCR by Ag results in a rapid targeting of the BCR and bound Ag to the MHC class II peptide loading compartment (IIPLC). This accelerated delivery of Ag may be essential in vivo during periods of rapid Ag-driven B cell expansion and T cell-dependent selection. Here, we use both immunoelectron microscopy and a nondisruptive protein chemical polymerization method to define the intracellular pathway of the targeting of Ags by the BCR. We show that following cross-linking, the BCR is rapidly transported through transferrin receptor-containing early endosomes to a LAMP-1+, beta-hexosaminadase+, multivesicular compartment that is an active site of peptide-class II complex assembly, containing both class II-invariant chain complexes in the process of invariant chain proteolytic removal as well as mature peptide-class II complexes. The BCR enters the class II-containing compartment as an intact mIg/Igalpha/Igbeta complex bound to Ag. The pathway by which the BCR targets Ag to the IIPLC appears not to be identical to that by which Ags taken up by fluid phase pinocytosis traffick, suggesting that the accelerated BCR pathway may be specialized and potentially independently regulated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Catalysis
- Cell Compartmentation/immunology
- Endocytosis/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/ultrastructure
- Horseradish Peroxidase/immunology
- Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism
- Immune Sera/pharmacology
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Leupeptins/pharmacology
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins
- Lysosomes/immunology
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Pinocytosis/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Subcellular Fractions/immunology
- Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
- Subcellular Fractions/ultrastructure
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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30
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Brown BK, Li C, Cheng PC, Song W. Trafficking of the Igalpha/Igbeta heterodimer with membrane Ig and bound antigen to the major histocompatibility complex class II peptide-loading compartment. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:11439-46. [PMID: 10196238 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of antigen to the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates two major cellular events. First, upon cross-linking by antigen, the BCR induces signal transduction cascades leading to the transcription of a number of genes associated with B cell activation. Second, the BCR internalizes and delivers antigens to processing compartments, where processed antigenic peptides are loaded onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules for presentation to T helper cells. The BCR consists of membrane Ig (mIg) and Igalpha/Igbeta heterodimer (Igalpha/Igbeta). The Igalpha/Igbeta, the signal transducing component of the BCR, has been indicated to play a role in antigen processing. In order to understand the function of the Igalpha/Igbeta in antigen transport, we studied the intracellular trafficking pathway of the Igalpha/Igbeta. We show that in the absence of antigen binding, the Igalpha/Igbeta constitutively traffics with mIg from the plasma membrane, through the early endosomes, to the MHC class II peptide-loading compartment. Cross-linking the BCR does not alter the trafficking pathway; however, it accelerates the transport of the Igalpha/Igbeta to the MHC class II peptide-loading compartment. This suggests that the Igalpha/Igbeta heterodimer is involved in BCR-mediated antigen transport through the entire antigen transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland at College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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31
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Wang G, Vannier MW, Cheng PC. Iterative X-ray Cone-Beam Tomography for Metal Artifact Reduction and Local Region Reconstruction. Microsc Microanal 1999; 5:58-65. [PMID: 10227827 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927699000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
: X-ray cone-beam reconstruction from incomplete projection data has important practical applications, especially in microtomography. We developed expectation maximization (EM)-type and algebraic reconstruction technique (ART)-type iterative cone-beam reconstruction algorithms for metal artifact reduction and local reconstruction from truncated data. These iterative algorithms are adapted from the emission computerized tomography (CT) EM formula and the ART. A key step in our iterative algorithms is introduction of a projection mask and computation of a 3-D spatially varying relaxation factor that allows compensation for beam divergence and data incompleteness. The algorithms are simulated with projection data synthesized from mathematical phantoms. In simulation, the EM-type and ART-type iterative algorithms are demonstrated to be effective for metal artifact reduction and local region reconstruction. They perform similarly in terms of visual quality, image noise, and discrepancy between measured and reprojected data. The EM-type and ART-type iterative cone-beam reconstruction algorithms have potential for metal artifact reduction and local region reconstruction in X-ray CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
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32
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Abstract
Fluorescence microscopic analysis of newly replicated DNA has revealed discrete granular sites of replication (RS). The average size and number of replication sites from early to mid S-phase suggest that each RS contains numerous replicons clustered together. We are using fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy in conjunction with multidimensional image analysis to gain more precise information about RS and their spatial-temporal dynamics. Using a newly improved imaging segmentation program, we report an average of approximately 1,100 RS after a 5-min pulse labeling of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells in early S-phase. Pulse-chase-pulse double labeling experiments reveal that RS take approximately 45 min to complete replication. Appropriate calculations suggest that each RS contains an average of 1 mbp of DNA or approximately 6 average-sized replicons. Double pulse-double chase experiments demonstrate that the DNA sequences replicated at individual RS are precisely maintained temporally and spatially as the cell progresses through the cell cycle and into subsequent generations. By labeling replicated DNA at the G1/S borders for two consecutive cell generations, we show that the DNA synthesized at early S-phase is replicated at the same time and sites in the next round of replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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33
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Pan S, Liou W, Shih A, Park MS, Wang G, Newberry SP, Kim H, Shinozaki DM, Cheng PC. Experimental System for X-ray Cone-Beam Microtomography. Microsc Microanal 1998; 4:56-62. [PMID: 9524146 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927698980059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
: A laboratory test of X-ray tomography employing a diverging beam of X-rays rather than the usual parallel X-ray beam is described. We chose to test and demonstrate the advantages of divergent beam tomography by imaging an extracted juvenile human premolar using an ordinary dental X-ray source and a cooled CCD camera. Experiments with a three-piece cover-glass sample and with the human tooth demonstrated that three-dimensional reconstruction can be achieved at 34 µm per pixel resolution employing an X-ray tube spot 800 µm in its smallest direction without requiring close contact with the fluorescent screen. Reconstruction of a 256 x 256 pixel single-plane image from 100 projection images took only 45 sec on a personal computer with a Pentium 166 MHz processor. We have also demonstrated a volume reconstruction of 256 x 256 x 256 voxels from the data. Successful extension of this work to submicrometer projection X-ray microscopy is predicted. Improved resolution of medical tomography is another possible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pan
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Informatics, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
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35
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Bhawalkar JD, Swiatkiewicz J, Pan SJ, Samarabandu JK, Liou WS, He GS, Berezney R, Cheng PC, Prasad PN. Three-dimensional laser scanning two-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy of polymer materials using a new, efficient upconverting fluorophore. Scanning 1996; 18:562-566. [PMID: 8946771 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950180805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional confocal imaging of polymer samples was achieved by the use of two-photon excited fluorescence in both positive and negative contrast modes. The fluorophore was a new and highly efficient two-photon induced upconverter, resulting in improved signal strength at low pumping power. Because of the relatively long wavelength of the excitation source (798 nm from a mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser), this technique shows a larger penetration depth into the samples than provided by conventional single-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy. Single-photon and two-photon images of the same area of each sample show significant differences. The results suggest the possibility of using two-photon confocal microscopy, in conjunction with highly efficient fluorophores, as a tool to study the surface, interface, and fracture in material science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Bhawalkar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo 14260, USA
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berezney
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260, USA
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37
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Cheng PC, Gosewehr JA, Kim TM, Velicescu M, Wan M, Zheng J, Felix JC, Cofer KF, Luo P, Biela BH, Godorov G, Dubeau L. Potential role of the inactivated X chromosome in ovarian epithelial tumor development. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:510-8. [PMID: 8606379 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.8.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian epithelial tumors can be divided into subcategories often regarded as different stages of neoplastic transformation. Cystadenomas belong to the least aggressive subgroup and are noninvasive and nonmetastatic. Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP) are intermediate between cystadenomas and carcinomas and show markedly reduced invasive and metastatic abilities. Invasion and metastasis are the hallmarks of carcinomas, which constitute the most aggressive subgroup and can be further subdivided into different grades. PURPOSE We performed comparative allelotype analyses of ovarian cystadenomas, LMP tumors, and carcinomas, reasoning that such analyses could provide clues about the molecular determinants of their phenotypic differences. Because we realized that allelic losses involving the X chromosome might be associated with LMP tumor development, we determined whether such losses were interstitial and whether they involved the active or the inactive X chromosome. METHODS Frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at specific loci in every chromosomal arm were determined in 16 ovarian cystadenomas, 23 ovarian LMP tumors, 15 low-grade ovarian carcinomas, and 35 high-grade ovarian carcinomas by use of either the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Southern blot analyses. We took advantage of the fact that DNA methylation is an important mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation to determine whether losses involving the X chromosome were in the active or the inactive copy. We analyzed the methylation status of retained alleles on the X chromosome by determining whether they could be amplified by PCR after digestion with the methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease Hpa II. RESULTS High-grade carcinomas contained frequent(>50%) LOH in four autosomal chromosome arms, i.e., 6q, 13q, 17p, and 17q. Except for 13q, these same chromosomal arms showed frequent LOH in low-grade carcinomas. LOH in autosomal chromosomes was comparatively rare in LMP tumors and was absent in cystadenomas. In contrast, half (eight of 16) of LMP tumors informative for a locus in the proximal portion of chromosome Xq showed LOH at that locus. These losses were the result of interstitial deletions in six of the eight cases and involved the inactive copy of the X chromosome exclusively. Similar losses in the X chromosome were not seen in either cystadenomas or low-grade carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LOH at multiple loci is associated with the development of ovarian carcinomas but not with the development of cystadenomas and LMP tumors. However, the integrity of a locus in chromosome Xq that possibly escapes X-chromosome inactivation is important for the control of LMP tumor development. The fact that this locus does not appear to be involved in the genesis of low-grade carcinomas suggests that LMP tumors are not precursors of such carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
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38
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Ayalon A, Sygula A, Cheng PC, Rabinovitz M, Rabideau PW, Scott LT. Stable High-Order Molecular Sandwiches: Hydrocarbon Polyanion Pairs with Multiple Lithium Ions Inside and Out. Science 1994; 265:1065-7. [PMID: 17832895 DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5175.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Stable ten-component sandwich compounds have been characterized in which four lithium ions reside between two tetraanions derived from corannulene or its alkyl-substituted derivatives and four additional lithium ions decorate the exterior. In tetrahydrofuran solution, the four lithium ions inside the sandwich can exchange environments with the four external lithium atoms, but the two tetraanion decks of the sandwich never separate from one another on the time scale of nuclear magnetic resonance. Theoretical calculations point to a "stacked bowl" conformation and a low energy barrier for synchronous double inversion of the tetraanion bowls in the solvated sandwich compounds.
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39
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Abstract
An x-ray shadow projection microtomographic system using a scannable point source is under development at AMIL-ARTS, SUNY at Buffalo. To overcome the limitations of the commonly used Feldkamp's cone-beam reconstruction formula, we have developed a generalized Feldkamp-type cone-beam reconstruction formula. In the generalized Feldkamp-type cone-beam reconstruction, a scanning locus can be either planar or helix-like, and a transaxial slice is reconstructed using projection data collected from a 360 degrees angular range (full scan). In this paper, the full-scan cone-beam formula is modified to require only projection data of approximate 180 degrees plus two fan-angles (half scan). First, a half-scan derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula is formulated. Then, a half-scan cone-beam reconstruction formula is derived as an extension of the half-scan fan-beam reconstruction formula using Feldkamp's procedure. Typical numerical simulation results are given for both half-scan formulae. Compared with the full-scan cone-beam formula, the half-scan cone-beam formula reduces the involved angular range of projection data and allows better longitudinal/temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Division of Radiology Research, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
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40
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Samarabandu JK, Acharya R, Cheng PC. Visualization and interactive exploration of multidimensional confocal images. Comput Med Imaging Graph 1993; 17:183-8. [PMID: 8402525 DOI: 10.1016/0895-6111(93)90042-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A confocal image analysis system is developed for automatic extraction of surface representation of biological structures. A visualization system is also developed to manipulate these surface representations and to obtain morphometrical parameters and provides a powerful tool for biomedical research such as microstructural characterization, morphogenesis, cell differentiation, tissue organization, and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Samarabandu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New York at Buffalo 14260
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41
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Abstract
In order to perform fan-beam reconstruction using projection data collected from a noncircular scanning locus, existing noncircular fan-beam formulas require a derivative of the scanning locus with respect to the rotation angle. A derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula that is based on a geometrical explanation of the circular equispatial fan-beam reconstruction formula is obtained here. A mathematical proof is then provided under the conditions that the source-to-origin distance is symmetric with respect to the origin of the reconstruction coordinate system, is differentiable almost everywhere, and does not change too fast with respect to the rotation angle. The derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula is the same as the circular one, except that the source-to-origin distance is a function of the rotation angle. A typical simulation result for the noncircular fan-beam formula is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Mallinckrodt Inst. of Radiol., Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO
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42
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Fong IW, Bannatyne RM, Cheng PC. The comparative efficacy of cilofungin, fluconazole and amphotericin B in disseminated Candida tropicalis infection in neutropenic mice. CLIN INVEST MED 1992; 15:434-9. [PMID: 1458716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is insufficient in vivo data on the efficacy of new antifungal agents against invasive Candida tropicalis infection. Disseminated infection with Candida tropicalis in neutropenic mice was treated with cilofungin, fluconazole, or amphotericin B intraperitoneally, and compared to untreated controls. Early survival rates at the end of treatment (day 10) were similar for amphotericin B (97.5%) and fluconazole (100%), and superior to cilofungin (62.6%) which was better than no treatment (0%). Late survival rates (day 31) were highest for amphotericin B (95%), and significantly lower for cilofungin (48.7%) and fluconazole (43.9%), p = 0.0001. Rates of sterilization of the lung, liver, and spleen were high in survivors for all regimens (85.1-100%) but lower for the kidneys: fluconazole, 21.3%; amphotericin B, 39.3%; and cilofungin, 65.5%. Amphotericin B was the most effective agent in this study of disseminated Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Fong
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario
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Bannatyne RM, Cheng PC, Fong IW. Comparison of the efficacy of cilofungin, fluconazole and amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic Candida albicans infection in the neutropenic mouse. Infection 1992; 20:168-70. [PMID: 1644494 DOI: 10.1007/bf01704614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The relative efficacies of cilofungin, amphotericin B and fluconazole were compared in the treatment of systemic Candida albicans infection in neutropenic mice. Thirty-one day survival rates were lowest for cilofungin (14.6%), intermediate for amphotericin B (37.6%) and highest for fluconazole (50.5%). Residual tissue infection in surviving animals was observed with all agents, but was heaviest with fluconazole, especially in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bannatyne
- Dept. of Microbiology, St. Micheal's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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44
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Lai ST, Cheng KK, Yu TJ, Kuo SM, Weng Z, Chang Y, Lee PS, Cheng PC. Initial results of laser angioplasty under angioscopic guidance for salvage of an ischemic lower limb: preliminary report. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1991; 9:485-91. [PMID: 10149802 DOI: 10.1089/clm.1991.9.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
From March to July 1989, nine patients at risk for peripheral artery disease underwent intraoperative Nd:YAG laser angioplasty using angioscopy at the Veterans General Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China). Following the laser angioplasty, balloon dilatation was performed in all cases. Eight men and one woman at an average age of 68 were included in the study (range: 58 to 78 years old). Ischemic symptoms included five patients with disabling claudication, four with pain at rest and one with gangrene on the toes. Eight of the nine patients had complete occlusions ranging from 2 to 19 cm in length. Two patients had high degree multiple segmental stenosis of the superficial femoral artery from 1 to 2 cm in length. Initial clinical success (indicated by relief of symptoms and increase in Doppler ankle pressure and index) and improvement in the angiographic luminal diameter was noted in 9 of 10 occluded vessels (90%) that underwent Nd:YAG laser treatment which was delivered at 10 to 12 watts through laser probes. Prelaser intraluminal diameter increased from 0.05 +/- 0.07 to 0.53 +/- 0.07 mm, Doppler ankle pressure index rose from 0.51 +/- 0.12 to 0.81 +/- 0.12, Doppler ankle pressure increased from 62.44 +/- 16.10 to 104 +/- 21.21 mmHg and the amplitude of pulse volume recorder at ankle level rose from 5.77 +/- 2.80 to 12.11 +/- 2.77 mm as compared with prelaser therapy (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming Medical College and Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Fong IW, Cheng PC, Hinton NA. Fungicidal effect of amphotericin B in urine: in vitro study to assess feasibility of bladder washout for localization of site of candiduria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35:1856-9. [PMID: 1952857 PMCID: PMC245280 DOI: 10.1128/aac.35.9.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro study was performed to determine the optimum amphotericin B concentration and exposure time required to kill various strains of Candida albicans in urine. This is a preliminary study to assess the feasibility of using amphotericin B bladder washout for localization of the site of candiduria. In broth kinetic killing studies, amphotericin B at a concentration of greater than 100 micrograms/ml produced almost complete killing of 5 x 10(5) CFU of C. albicans per ml within 1.5 to 2 h. In urine studies (with various pH values, osmolalities, and electrolyte concentrations), amphotericin B at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml with a 2-h exposure time decreased fungal counts of 21 strains of C. albicans from 5 x 10(6) to less than 200 CFU/ml. Bladder washout with greater than or equal to 200 micrograms of amphotericin B per ml and a dwell time of 2 h can therefore sufficiently sterilize the bladder of yeasts and may be a useful localization test.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Fong
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
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46
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Summers RG, Musial CE, Cheng PC, Leith A, Marko M. The use of confocal microscopy and STERECON reconstructions in the analysis of sea urchin embryonic cell division. J Electron Microsc Tech 1991; 18:24-30. [PMID: 2056349 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060180105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A laser scanning confocal microscope has been used to investigate the development of the sea urchin embryo. The samples were fixed in Carnoy's solution at various developmental stages, stained for DNA with the Feulgen reaction, and optically sectioned with a BioRad MRC-500 confocal microscope. Computer-generated stereographic projection images and a three-dimensional contour tracing and reconstruction system were employed to investigate the cleavage pattern during the 6th cleavage division. Cell division is found to be asynchronous during the 6th cleavage, with macromere derivatives completing division first, followed by mesomeres, and finally by the outer quartet of micromeres (which begins division only after macromeres and mesomeres have completed their respective divisions). Sixth cleavage produces an embryo comprising 60 cells. Asynchronous division was also observed within individual tiers of blastomeres. Variations in the orientations of cell division axes within individual tiers of cells were also observed. The utility of computer-graphics reconstruction techniques for both quantitative and qualitative developmental analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Summers
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214
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Lai ST, Cheng KK, Yu TJ, Kuo SM, Weng ZC, Chang Y, Lee PW, Cheng PC, Hwan CS, Kua CW. [Results of vascular reconstruction in lower limbs ischemia: a six-year clinical experience]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1990; 46:21-8. [PMID: 2176920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the period between Dec. 1982 to Nov. 1988, a total of 412 patients with 471 limbs at risk of peripheral arterial occlusive disease underwent vascular surgical treatment at the Veterans General Hospital. There were 382 men and 30 women, who ranged in age from 20 to 84 years (mean 63.17 +/- 11.85 years). 95 cases were isolated aortoiliac occlusive disease, 94 cases were combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease, 169 cases were femoropopliteal occlusive disease and 54 cases were femorotibialperoneal occlusive disease. Various reconstructive procedures were performed in the these patients. The cumulative limb salvage rate (LSR) exceeded cumulative patency rate (CPR) in all categories and the result of LSR and CPR were 97.6% and 91% for aortoiliac reconstructive surgery in six years, 96% and 77% for above-knee femoropopliteal saphenous vein bypass (SVB) in six years, 79% and 74% for below-knee femoropopliteal SBV and 63% and 34% for femoro-distal SVB in five years. 88% and 76% for above-knee femoropopliteal human umbilical vein (HUV) bypass in four years. 67% and 45% for femoro-distal HUV bypass in three years follow-up period individually. The immediate good symptomatic results of the vascular reconstruction was 88% encountered in isolated aortoiliac disease, 63% in combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease, 70.4% in isolated femoropopliteal disease and only 26% in femorotibial-peroneal disease (FTP). No change symptoms was still higher (33%) in FTP than the other vascular reconstruction due to poor distal runoff in this series. The early postoperative mortality rate was 1.6%, the late mortality rate was 2.7%, the incidence of postoperative complication rate was 13.6%. The major lower limb amputation rate was low as 7% in our series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Lai
- Section of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, R.O.C
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48
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Dong Y, Cheng PC, Zhang NC. [Preliminary report on the clinical application of anti-Jo-1 antibody]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1989; 28:368-9, 383. [PMID: 2582917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Jo-1 antigen was purified from the rabbit thymus acetone powder. Using it as antigen, we found anti-Jo-1 antibody in 25% of polymyositis, 7.1% in dermatomyositis, none in other connective tissue diseases nor non-connective tissue diseases. Other antinuclear antibodies, eg anti-RNP, anti-SSA were also found in our polymyositis-dermatomyositis patients. Our study suggested, the positivity of anti-Jo 1 antibody not only confirmed the patient's diagnosis of polymyositis but also demonstrated the autoimmune pathogenesis of this disease.
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49
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Abstract
Tangential breast fields always "flash" beyond the surface of the patient. Since the portion of the beam that is in air does not contribute scatter, external beam treatment planning computers that utilize stored beam data can lead to dose errors of up to 10%. These errors can be reduced by using an irregular field calculation program to adjust the monitor units to account for the loss of scatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Albany Regional Radiation Oncology Program, Cooperative Program of Albany Medical Center Hospital, St. Peter's Hospital, Albany, NY 12208
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50
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Abstract
During our routine calibration of a Varian Clinac-20 linear accelerator, the absorbed dose for a fixed monitor unit (mu) was found to decrease with increasing dose rate. Between dose rates of 100 and 500 mu/min, there was up to 20% difference in absorbed dose for a 20-MeV electron beam. The cause of this problem was a failure in the electronics circuit of an integrating board. This paper presents our analysis of the problem and suggests a possible means of isolating such a failure to warn technologists, physicists, and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albany Medical College, New York
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