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Mathis SM, Webber AE, León TM, Murray EL, Sun M, White LA, Brooks LC, Green A, Hu AJ, McDonald DJ, Rosenfeld R, Shemetov D, Tibshirani RJ, Kandula S, Pei S, Shaman J, Yaari R, Yamana TK, Agarwal P, Balusu S, Gururajan G, Kamarthi H, Prakash BA, Raman R, Rodríguez A, Zhao Z, Meiyappan A, Omar S, Baccam P, Gurung HL, Stage SA, Suchoski BT, Ajelli M, Kummer AG, Litvinova M, Ventura PC, Wadsworth S, Niemi J, Carcelen E, Hill AL, Jung SM, Lemaitre JC, Lessler J, Loo SL, McKee CD, Sato K, Smith C, Truelove S, McAndrew T, Ye W, Bosse N, Hlavacek WS, Lin YT, Mallela A, Chen Y, Lamm SM, Lee J, Posner RG, Perofsky AC, Viboud C, Clemente L, Lu F, Meyer AG, Santillana M, Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Mu K, Piontti APY, Vespignani A, Xiong X, Ben-Nun M, Riley P, Turtle J, Hulme-Lowe C, Jessa S, Nagraj VP, Turner SD, Williams D, Basu A, Drake JM, Fox SJ, Gibson GC, Suez E, Thommes EW, Cojocaru MG, Cramer EY, Gerding A, Stark A, Ray EL, Reich NG, Shandross L, Wattanachit N, Wang Y, Zorn MW, Al Aawar M, Srivastava A, Meyers LA, Adiga A, Hurt B, Kaur G, Lewis BL, Marathe M, Venkatramanan S, Butler P, Farabow A, Muralidhar N, Ramakrishnan N, Reed C, Biggerstaff M, Borchering RK. Evaluation of FluSight influenza forecasting in the 2021-22 and 2022-23 seasons with a new target laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.08.23299726. [PMID: 38168429 PMCID: PMC10760285 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.23299726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate forecasts can enable more effective public health responses during seasonal influenza epidemics. Forecasting teams were asked to provide national and jurisdiction-specific probabilistic predictions of weekly confirmed influenza hospital admissions for one through four weeks ahead for the 2021-22 and 2022-23 influenza seasons. Across both seasons, 26 teams submitted forecasts, with the submitting teams varying between seasons. Forecast skill was evaluated using the Weighted Interval Score (WIS), relative WIS, and coverage. Six out of 23 models outperformed the baseline model across forecast weeks and locations in 2021-22 and 12 out of 18 models in 2022-23. Averaging across all forecast targets, the FluSight ensemble was the 2nd most accurate model measured by WIS in 2021-22 and the 5th most accurate in the 2022-23 season. Forecast skill and 95% coverage for the FluSight ensemble and most component models degraded over longer forecast horizons and during periods of rapid change. Current influenza forecasting efforts help inform situational awareness, but research is needed to address limitations, including decreased performance during periods of changing epidemic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabeth M Mathis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Alexander E Webber
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Tomás M León
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 95899
| | - Erin L Murray
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 95899
| | - Monica Sun
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 95899
| | - Lauren A White
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 95899
| | - Logan C Brooks
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alden Green
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Addison J Hu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | | | | | | | - Ryan J Tibshirani
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Sen Pei
- Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Jeffrey Shaman
- Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
- Columbia University School of Climate, New York, NY 10025
| | - Rami Yaari
- Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rishi Raman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318
| | | | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318
| | | | - Shalina Omar
- Guidehouse Advisory and Consulting Services, McClean VA, 22102
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Ajelli
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | | | - Maria Litvinova
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Paulo C Ventura
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Mok Jung
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Justin Lessler
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sara L Loo
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | | | - Koji Sato
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikos Bosse
- London School of Health and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, WC1E 7HT
| | | | - Yen Ting Lin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545
| | | | - Ye Chen
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011
| | | | - Jaechoul Lee
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011
| | | | - Amanda C Perofsky
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | | | - Fred Lu
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115
| | | | | | | | | | - Kunpeng Mu
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115
| | | | | | | | | | - Pete Riley
- Predictive Science Inc, San Diego, CA 92121
| | | | | | | | - V P Nagraj
- Signature Science, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22911
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ehsan Suez
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30609
| | - Edward W Thommes
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4
| | | | | | - Aaron Gerding
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Ariane Stark
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Evan L Ray
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | | | - Li Shandross
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | | | - Yijin Wang
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Martha W Zorn
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Majd Al Aawar
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carrie Reed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
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Sherratt K, Gruson H, Grah R, Johnson H, Niehus R, Prasse B, Sandmann F, Deuschel J, Wolffram D, Abbott S, Ullrich A, Gibson G, Ray EL, Reich NG, Sheldon D, Wang Y, Wattanachit N, Wang L, Trnka J, Obozinski G, Sun T, Thanou D, Pottier L, Krymova E, Meinke JH, Barbarossa MV, Leithäuser N, Mohring J, Schneider J, Włazło J, Fuhrmann J, Lange B, Rodiah I, Baccam P, Gurung H, Stage S, Suchoski B, Budzinski J, Walraven R, Villanueva I, Tucek V, Smid M, Zajíček M, Pérez Álvarez C, Reina B, Bosse NI, Meakin SR, Castro L, Fairchild G, Michaud I, Osthus D, Alaimo Di Loro P, Maruotti A, Eclerová V, Kraus A, Kraus D, Pribylova L, Dimitris B, Li ML, Saksham S, Dehning J, Mohr S, Priesemann V, Redlarski G, Bejar B, Ardenghi G, Parolini N, Ziarelli G, Bock W, Heyder S, Hotz T, Singh DE, Guzman-Merino M, Aznarte JL, Moriña D, Alonso S, Álvarez E, López D, Prats C, Burgard JP, Rodloff A, Zimmermann T, Kuhlmann A, Zibert J, Pennoni F, Divino F, Català M, Lovison G, Giudici P, Tarantino B, Bartolucci F, Jona Lasinio G, Mingione M, Farcomeni A, Srivastava A, Montero-Manso P, Adiga A, Hurt B, Lewis B, Marathe M, Porebski P, Venkatramanan S, Bartczuk RP, Dreger F, Gambin A, Gogolewski K, Gruziel-Słomka M, Krupa B, Moszyński A, Niedzielewski K, Nowosielski J, Radwan M, Rakowski F, Semeniuk M, Szczurek E, Zieliński J, Kisielewski J, Pabjan B, Kirsten H, Kheifetz Y, Scholz M, Biecek P, Bodych M, Filinski M, Idzikowski R, Krueger T, Ozanski T, Bracher J, Funk S. Predictive performance of multi-model ensemble forecasts of COVID-19 across European nations. eLife 2023; 12:81916. [PMID: 37083521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Short-term forecasts of infectious disease contribute to situational awareness and capacity planning. Based on best practice in other fields and recent insights in infectious disease epidemiology, one can maximise forecasts' predictive performance by combining independent models into an ensemble. Here we report the performance of ensemble predictions of COVID-19 cases and deaths across Europe from March 2021 to March 2022. Methods: We created the European COVID-19 Forecast Hub, an online open-access platform where modellers upload weekly forecasts for 32 countries with results publicly visualised and evaluated. We created a weekly ensemble forecast from the equally-weighted average across individual models' predictive quantiles. We measured forecast accuracy using a baseline and relative Weighted Interval Score (rWIS). We retrospectively explored ensemble methods, including weighting by past performance. Results: We collected weekly forecasts from 48 models, of which we evaluated 29 models alongside the ensemble model. The ensemble had a consistently strong performance across countries over time, performing better on rWIS than 91% of forecasts for deaths (N=763 predictions from 20 models), and 83% forecasts for cases (N=886 predictions from 23 models). Performance remained stable over a 4-week horizon for death forecasts but declined with longer horizons for cases. Among ensemble methods, the most influential choice came from using a median average instead of the mean, regardless of weighting component models. Conclusions: Our results support combining independent models into an ensemble forecast to improve epidemiological predictions, and suggest that median averages yield better performance than methods based on means. We highlight that forecast consumers should place more weight on incident death forecasts than case forecasts at horizons greater than two weeks. Funding: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, FEDER; Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya; Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin; Health Protection Research Unit; Wellcome Trust; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland; Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Los Alamos National Laboratory; German Free State of Saxony; NCBiR; FISR 2020 Covid-19 I Fase; Spanish Ministry of Health / REACT-UE (FEDER); National Institutes of General Medical Sciences; Ministerio de Sanidad/ISCIII; PERISCOPE European H2020; PERISCOPE European H2021; InPresa; National Institutes of Health, NSF, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Google, University of Virginia, Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Sherratt
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Gruson
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rok Grah
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Johnson
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rene Niehus
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bastian Prasse
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Sandmann
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sam Abbott
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Gibson
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States
| | - Evan L Ray
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States
| | | | - Daniel Sheldon
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States
| | - Yijin Wang
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States
| | | | - Lijing Wang
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jan Trnka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tao Sun
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorina Thanou
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Neele Leithäuser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jan Mohring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johanna Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw Włazło
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Berit Lange
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Isti Rodiah
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Inmaculada Villanueva
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vit Tucek
- Institute of Computer Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Smid
- Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Zajíček
- Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Nikos I Bosse
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie R Meakin
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Castro
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States
| | | | - Isaac Michaud
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States
| | - Dave Osthus
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soni Saksham
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jonas Dehning
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohr
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viola Priesemann
- MPRG Priesemann, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Bock
- Technical University of Kaiserlautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hotz
- Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | | | | | - Jose L Aznarte
- Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Alonso
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Álvarez
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Hurt
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Bryan Lewis
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Bodych
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Filinski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Tyll Krueger
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ozanski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Funk
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Cramer EY, Ray EL, Lopez VK, Bracher J, Brennen A, Castro Rivadeneira AJ, Gerding A, Gneiting T, House KH, Huang Y, Jayawardena D, Kanji AH, Khandelwal A, Le K, Mühlemann A, Niemi J, Shah A, Stark A, Wang Y, Wattanachit N, Zorn MW, Gu Y, Jain S, Bannur N, Deva A, Kulkarni M, Merugu S, Raval A, Shingi S, Tiwari A, White J, Abernethy NF, Woody S, Dahan M, Fox S, Gaither K, Lachmann M, Meyers LA, Scott JG, Tec M, Srivastava A, George GE, Cegan JC, Dettwiller ID, England WP, Farthing MW, Hunter RH, Lafferty B, Linkov I, Mayo ML, Parno MD, Rowland MA, Trump BD, Zhang-James Y, Chen S, Faraone SV, Hess J, Morley CP, Salekin A, Wang D, Corsetti SM, Baer TM, Eisenberg MC, Falb K, Huang Y, Martin ET, McCauley E, Myers RL, Schwarz T, Sheldon D, Gibson GC, Yu R, Gao L, Ma Y, Wu D, Yan X, Jin X, Wang YX, Chen Y, Guo L, Zhao Y, Gu Q, Chen J, Wang L, Xu P, Zhang W, Zou D, Biegel H, Lega J, McConnell S, Nagraj VP, Guertin SL, Hulme-Lowe C, Turner SD, Shi Y, Ban X, Walraven R, Hong QJ, Kong S, van de Walle A, Turtle JA, Ben-Nun M, Riley S, Riley P, Koyluoglu U, DesRoches D, Forli P, Hamory B, Kyriakides C, Leis H, Milliken J, Moloney M, Morgan J, Nirgudkar N, Ozcan G, Piwonka N, Ravi M, Schrader C, Shakhnovich E, Siegel D, Spatz R, Stiefeling C, Wilkinson B, Wong A, Cavany S, España G, Moore S, Oidtman R, Perkins A, Kraus D, Kraus A, Gao Z, Bian J, Cao W, Ferres JL, Li C, Liu TY, Xie X, Zhang S, Zheng S, Vespignani A, Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Mu K, Pastore y Piontti A, Xiong X, Zheng A, Baek J, Farias V, Georgescu A, Levi R, Sinha D, Wilde J, Perakis G, Bennouna MA, Nze-Ndong D, Singhvi D, Spantidakis I, Thayaparan L, Tsiourvas A, Sarker A, Jadbabaie A, Shah D, Della Penna N, Celi LA, Sundar S, Wolfinger R, Osthus D, Castro L, Fairchild G, Michaud I, Karlen D, Kinsey M, Mullany LC, Rainwater-Lovett K, Shin L, Tallaksen K, Wilson S, Lee EC, Dent J, Grantz KH, Hill AL, Kaminsky J, Kaminsky K, Keegan LT, Lauer SA, Lemaitre JC, Lessler J, Meredith HR, Perez-Saez J, Shah S, Smith CP, Truelove SA, Wills J, Marshall M, Gardner L, Nixon K, Burant JC, Wang L, Gao L, Gu Z, Kim M, Li X, Wang G, Wang Y, Yu S, Reiner RC, Barber R, Gakidou E, Hay SI, Lim S, Murray C, Pigott D, Gurung HL, Baccam P, Stage SA, Suchoski BT, Prakash BA, Adhikari B, Cui J, Rodríguez A, Tabassum A, Xie J, Keskinocak P, Asplund J, Baxter A, Oruc BE, Serban N, Arik SO, Dusenberry M, Epshteyn A, Kanal E, Le LT, Li CL, Pfister T, Sava D, Sinha R, Tsai T, Yoder N, Yoon J, Zhang L, Abbott S, Bosse NI, Funk S, Hellewell J, Meakin SR, Sherratt K, Zhou M, Kalantari R, Yamana TK, Pei S, Shaman J, Li ML, Bertsimas D, Lami OS, Soni S, Bouardi HT, Ayer T, Adee M, Chhatwal J, Dalgic OO, Ladd MA, Linas BP, Mueller P, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xie S, Zeng D, Green A, Bien J, Brooks L, Hu AJ, Jahja M, McDonald D, Narasimhan B, Politsch C, Rajanala S, Rumack A, Simon N, Tibshirani RJ, Tibshirani R, Ventura V, Wasserman L, O’Dea EB, Drake JM, Pagano R, Tran QT, Ho LST, Huynh H, Walker JW, Slayton RB, Johansson MA, Biggerstaff M, Reich NG. Evaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113561119. [PMID: 35394862 PMCID: PMC9169655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113561119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term probabilistic forecasts of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States have served as a visible and important communication channel between the scientific modeling community and both the general public and decision-makers. Forecasting models provide specific, quantitative, and evaluable predictions that inform short-term decisions such as healthcare staffing needs, school closures, and allocation of medical supplies. Starting in April 2020, the US COVID-19 Forecast Hub (https://covid19forecasthub.org/) collected, disseminated, and synthesized tens of millions of specific predictions from more than 90 different academic, industry, and independent research groups. A multimodel ensemble forecast that combined predictions from dozens of groups every week provided the most consistently accurate probabilistic forecasts of incident deaths due to COVID-19 at the state and national level from April 2020 through October 2021. The performance of 27 individual models that submitted complete forecasts of COVID-19 deaths consistently throughout this year showed high variability in forecast skill across time, geospatial units, and forecast horizons. Two-thirds of the models evaluated showed better accuracy than a naïve baseline model. Forecast accuracy degraded as models made predictions further into the future, with probabilistic error at a 20-wk horizon three to five times larger than when predicting at a 1-wk horizon. This project underscores the role that collaboration and active coordination between governmental public-health agencies, academic modeling teams, and industry partners can play in developing modern modeling capabilities to support local, state, and federal response to outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estee Y. Cramer
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Evan L. Ray
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Velma K. Lopez
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Johannes Bracher
- Chair of Econometrics and Statistics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Computational Statistics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Aaron Gerding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Tilmann Gneiting
- Computational Statistics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Stochastics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 69118 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katie H. House
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Dasuni Jayawardena
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Abdul H. Kanji
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ayush Khandelwal
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Khoa Le
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Anja Mühlemann
- Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jarad Niemi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Apurv Shah
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ariane Stark
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Yijin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Nutcha Wattanachit
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Martha W. Zorn
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | - Sansiddh Jain
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Nayana Bannur
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Ayush Deva
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Mihir Kulkarni
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Srujana Merugu
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Alpan Raval
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Siddhant Shingi
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Avtansh Tiwari
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | - Jerome White
- Wadhwani Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093, India
| | | | - Spencer Woody
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Maytal Dahan
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, Austin, TX 78758
| | - Spencer Fox
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | | | | | - Lauren Ancel Meyers
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - James G. Scott
- Department of Information, Risk, and Operations Management, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Mauricio Tec
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Ajitesh Srivastava
- Ming Hsieh Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Glover E. George
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | - Jeffrey C. Cegan
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Concord, MA 01742
| | - Ian D. Dettwiller
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | | | | | - Robert H. Hunter
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | - Brandon Lafferty
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | - Igor Linkov
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Concord, MA 01742
| | - Michael L. Mayo
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180
| | - Matthew D. Parno
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | | | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Samuel Chen
- School of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Jonathan Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Christopher P. Morley
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Asif Salekin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13207
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | | | - Thomas M. Baer
- Department of Physics, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212
| | - Marisa C. Eisenberg
- Department of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Karl Falb
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Yitao Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Emily T. Martin
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ella McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Robert L. Myers
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Tom Schwarz
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Daniel Sheldon
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Graham Casey Gibson
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Rose Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Liyao Gao
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185
| | - Yian Ma
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Dongxia Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Xifeng Yan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Xiaoyong Jin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - YangQuan Chen
- Mechatronics, Embedded Systems and Automation Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95301
| | - Lihong Guo
- Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, Anhui, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jinghui Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Weitong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Difan Zou
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hannah Biegel
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Joceline Lega
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | | | - V. P. Nagraj
- Quality Assurance and Data Science, Signature Science, LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22911
| | - Stephanie L. Guertin
- Quality Assurance and Data Science, Signature Science, LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22911
| | | | - Stephen D. Turner
- Quality Assurance and Data Science, Signature Science, LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22911
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12309
| | - Xuegang Ban
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Qi-Jun Hong
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | | | | | - James A. Turtle
- Infectious Disease Group, Predictive Science, Inc, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Michal Ben-Nun
- Infectious Disease Group, Predictive Science, Inc, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Steven Riley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Riley
- Infectious Disease Group, Predictive Science, Inc, San Diego, CA 92121
| | | | | | - Pedro Forli
- Oliver Wyman Digital, Oliver Wyman, Sao Paolo, Brazil 04711-904
| | - Bruce Hamory
- Health & Life Sciences, Oliver Wyman, Boston, MA 02110
| | | | - Helen Leis
- Health & Life Sciences, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | - John Milliken
- Financial Services, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | | | - James Morgan
- Financial Services, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | | | - Gokce Ozcan
- Financial Services, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | - Noah Piwonka
- Health & Life Sciences, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | - Matt Ravi
- Core Consultant Group, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | - Chris Schrader
- Health & Life Sciences, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | | | - Daniel Siegel
- Financial Services, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | - Ryan Spatz
- Core Consultant Group, Oliver Wyman, New York, NY 10036
| | - Chris Stiefeling
- Financial Services, Oliver Wyman Digital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5J 0A1
| | | | | | - Sean Cavany
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Guido España
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Sean Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Rachel Oidtman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - David Kraus
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Kraus
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Wei Cao
- Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98029
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation, Turin, 10133, Italy
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Matteo Chinazzi
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jessica T. Davis
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kunpeng Mu
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ana Pastore y Piontti
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xinyue Xiong
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Andrew Zheng
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jackie Baek
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Vivek Farias
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Andreea Georgescu
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Retsef Levi
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Deeksha Sinha
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Joshua Wilde
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | | | - Divya Singhvi
- Technology, Operations and Statistics (TOPS) group, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012
| | | | | | | | - Arnab Sarker
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ali Jadbabaie
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Devavrat Shah
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Nicolas Della Penna
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Leo A. Celi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | - Dave Osthus
- Statistical Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Lauren Castro
- Information Systems and Modeling Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Geoffrey Fairchild
- Information Systems and Modeling Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Isaac Michaud
- Statistical Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Dean Karlen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Physical Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Matt Kinsey
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Luke C. Mullany
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723
| | | | - Lauren Shin
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723
| | | | - Shelby Wilson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - Elizabeth C. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Juan Dent
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Kyra H. Grantz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Alison L. Hill
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Joshua Kaminsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | | | - Lindsay T. Keegan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Stephen A. Lauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Joseph C. Lemaitre
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justin Lessler
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Hannah R. Meredith
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Sam Shah
- Unaffiliated, San Francisco, CA 94122
| | - Claire P. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
| | - Shaun A. Truelove
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21215
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | | | - Maximilian Marshall
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Lauren Gardner
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Kristen Nixon
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Lily Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Finance, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Zhiling Gu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Mathematics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Ryan Barber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Steve Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Chris Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - David Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Aditya Prakash
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308
| | - Bijaya Adhikari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jiaming Cui
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308
| | | | - Anika Tabassum
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA 22043
| | - Jiajia Xie
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308
| | - Pinar Keskinocak
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - John Asplund
- Advanced Data Analytics, Metron, Inc., Reston, VA 20190
| | - Arden Baxter
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Buse Eylul Oruc
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Nicoleta Serban
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Tsai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | | | | | - Sam Abbott
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos I. Bosse
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Funk
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Hellewell
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie R. Meakin
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Sherratt
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Rahi Kalantari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Teresa K. Yamana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sen Pei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jeffrey Shaman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael L. Li
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Dimitris Bertsimas
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Omar Skali Lami
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Saksham Soni
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hamza Tazi Bouardi
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Turgay Ayer
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Madeline Adee
- Radiology-Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jagpreet Chhatwal
- Radiology-Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ozden O. Dalgic
- Health Economic Modeling, Value Analytics Labs, 34776 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mary A. Ladd
- Radiology-Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Benjamin P. Linas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Peter Mueller
- Radiology-Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jade Xiao
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332
| | - Yuanjia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Qinxia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Shanghong Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Alden Green
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jacob Bien
- Marshall School of Business, Department of Data Sciences and Operations (DSO), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Logan Brooks
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Addison J. Hu
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Maria Jahja
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Balasubramanian Narasimhan
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Collin Politsch
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Samyak Rajanala
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Aaron Rumack
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Noah Simon
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Ryan J. Tibshirani
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Rob Tibshirani
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Valerie Ventura
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Larry Wasserman
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Eamon B. O’Dea
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - John M. Drake
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Quoc T. Tran
- Catalog Data Science, Walmart Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94085
| | - Lam Si Tung Ho
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Huong Huynh
- Virtual Power System Inc, Milpitas, CA 95035
| | - Jo W. Walker
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Rachel B. Slayton
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Matthew Biggerstaff
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Nicholas G. Reich
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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