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Armandi A, Sanavia T, Younes R, Caviglia GP, Rosso C, Govaere O, Liguori A, Francione P, Gallego-Duràn R, Ampuero J, Pennisi G, Aller R, Tiniakos D, Burt A, David E, Vecchio F, Maggioni M, Cabibi D, McLeod D, Pareja MJ, Zaki MYW, Grieco A, Stål P, Kechagias S, Fracanzani AL, Valenti L, Miele L, Fariselli P, Eslam M, Petta S, Hagström H, George J, Schattenberg JM, Romero-Gómez M, Anstee QM, Bugianesi E. Serum ferritin levels can predict long-term outcomes in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Gut 2024; 73:825-834. [PMID: 38199805 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperferritinaemia is associated with liver fibrosis severity in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the longitudinal implications have not been thoroughly investigated. We assessed the role of serum ferritin in predicting long-term outcomes or death. DESIGN We evaluated the relationship between baseline serum ferritin and longitudinal events in a multicentre cohort of 1342 patients. Four survival models considering ferritin with confounders or non-invasive scoring systems were applied with repeated five-fold cross-validation schema. Prediction performance was evaluated in terms of Harrell's C-index and its improvement by including ferritin as a covariate. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 96 months. Liver-related events occurred in 7.7%, hepatocellular carcinoma in 1.9%, cardiovascular events in 10.9%, extrahepatic cancers in 8.3% and all-cause mortality in 5.8%. Hyperferritinaemia was associated with a 50% increased risk of liver-related events and 27% of all-cause mortality. A stepwise increase in baseline ferritin thresholds was associated with a statistical increase in C-index, ranging between 0.02 (lasso-penalised Cox regression) and 0.03 (ridge-penalised Cox regression); the risk of developing liver-related events mainly increased from threshold 215.5 µg/L (median HR=1.71 and C-index=0.71) and the risk of overall mortality from threshold 272 µg/L (median HR=1.49 and C-index=0.70). The inclusion of serum ferritin thresholds (215.5 µg/L and 272 µg/L) in predictive models increased the performance of Fibrosis-4 and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score in the longitudinal risk assessment of liver-related events (C-indices>0.71) and overall mortality (C-indices>0.65). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the potential use of serum ferritin values for predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Armandi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tiziana Sanavia
- Computational Biomedicine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ramy Younes
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Antonio Liguori
- Internal Medicine and Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- CEMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Francione
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocìo Gallego-Duràn
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Grazia Pennisi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rocio Aller
- Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alastair Burt
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ezio David
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Vecchio
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Area Anatomia Patologica. Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Pathology Institute, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Marco Y W Zaki
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Centre for Research and Sustainability, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Biological Resource Center Unit and Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Internal Medicine and Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- CEMAD, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Fariselli
- Computational Biomedicine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Loomba R, Huang DQ, Sanyal AJ, Anstee QM, Trauner M, Lawitz EJ, Ding D, Ma L, Jia C, Billin A, Huss RS, Chung C, Goodman Z, Wong VWS, Okanoue T, Romero-Gómez M, Abdelmalek MF, Muir A, Afdhal N, Bosch J, Harrison S, Younossi ZM, Myers RP. Liver stiffness thresholds to predict disease progression and clinical outcomes in bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis. Gut 2023; 72:581-589. [PMID: 36750244 PMCID: PMC9905707 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In retrospective studies, liver stiffness (LS) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is associated with the risk of liver decompensation in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but prospective data in biopsy-confirmed cohorts with advanced fibrosis are limited. We aimed to establish thresholds for LS by VCTE that predict progression to cirrhosis among patients with bridging fibrosis and hepatic decompensation among patients with cirrhosis due to NASH. DESIGN We used data from four randomised placebo-controlled trials of selonsertib and simtuzumab in participants with advanced fibrosis (F3-F4). The trials were discontinued due to lack of efficacy. Liver fibrosis was staged centrally at baseline and week 48 (selonsertib study) or week 96 (simtuzumab study). Associations between LS by VCTE with disease progression were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Progression to cirrhosis occurred in 16% (103/664) of participants with bridging fibrosis and adjudicated liver-related events occurred in 4% (27/734) of participants with baseline cirrhosis. The optimal baseline LS thresholds were ≥16.6 kPa for predicting progression to cirrhosis, and ≥30.7 kPa for predicting liver-related events. Baseline LS ≥16.6 kPa (adjusted HR 3.99; 95% CI 2.66 to 5.98, p<0.0001) and a ≥5 kPa (and ≥20%) increase (adjusted HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.26, p=0.008) were independent predictors of progression to cirrhosis in participants with bridging fibrosis, while baseline LS ≥30.7 kPa (adjusted HR 10.13, 95% CI 4.38 to 23.41, p<0.0001) predicted liver-related events in participants with cirrhosis. CONCLUSION The LS thresholds identified in this study may be useful for risk stratification of NASH patients with advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Loomba
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- NAFLD Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- NAFLD Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric J Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dora Ding
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Lily Ma
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan S Huss
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Chuhan Chung
- Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Zachary Goodman
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Unit for The Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Andrew Muir
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nezam Afdhal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Inselspital Universitätsspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Harrison
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Pinnacle Clinical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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3
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Mózes FE, Lee JA, Selvaraj EA, Jayaswal ANA, Trauner M, Boursier J, Fournier C, Staufer K, Stauber RE, Bugianesi E, Younes R, Gaia S, Lupșor-Platon M, Petta S, Shima T, Okanoue T, Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Eddowes PJ, Hirschfield GM, Newsome PN, Wong VWS, de Ledinghen V, Fan J, Shen F, Cobbold JF, Sumida Y, Okajima A, Schattenberg JM, Labenz C, Kim W, Lee MS, Wiegand J, Karlas T, Yılmaz Y, Aithal GP, Palaniyappan N, Cassinotto C, Aggarwal S, Garg H, Ooi GJ, Nakajima A, Yoneda M, Ziol M, Barget N, Geier A, Tuthill T, Brosnan MJ, Anstee QM, Neubauer S, Harrison SA, Bossuyt PM, Pavlides M. Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Gut 2022; 71:1006-1019. [PMID: 34001645 PMCID: PMC8995830 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver biopsy is still needed for fibrosis staging in many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate the individual diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement by vibration controlled transient elastography (LSM-VCTE), Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) Fibrosis Score (NFS) and to derive diagnostic strategies that could reduce the need for liver biopsies. DESIGN Individual patient data meta-analysis of studies evaluating LSM-VCTE against liver histology was conducted. FIB-4 and NFS were computed where possible. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) were calculated. Biomarkers were assessed individually and in sequential combinations. RESULTS Data were included from 37 primary studies (n=5735; 45% women; median age: 54 years; median body mass index: 30 kg/m2; 33% had type 2 diabetes; 30% had advanced fibrosis). AUROCs of individual LSM-VCTE, FIB-4 and NFS for advanced fibrosis were 0.85, 0.76 and 0.73. Sequential combination of FIB-4 cut-offs (<1.3; ≥2.67) followed by LSM-VCTE cut-offs (<8.0; ≥10.0 kPa) to rule-in or rule-out advanced fibrosis had sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of 66% (63-68) and 86% (84-87) with 33% needing a biopsy to establish a final diagnosis. FIB-4 cut-offs (<1.3; ≥3.48) followed by LSM cut-offs (<8.0; ≥20.0 kPa) to rule out advanced fibrosis or rule in cirrhosis had a sensitivity of 38% (37-39) and specificity of 90% (89-91) with 19% needing biopsy. CONCLUSION Sequential combinations of markers with a lower cut-off to rule-out advanced fibrosis and a higher cut-off to rule-in cirrhosis can reduce the need for liver biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Emil Mózes
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny A Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Anandraj Selvaraj
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jerome Boursier
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA 3859, SFR ICAT 4208, Universite d'Angers, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France,Service d'Hepato-Gastroenterologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | | | - Katharina Staufer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf E Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Ramy Younes
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Silvia Gaia
- Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Lupșor-Platon
- Department of Ultrasonography, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, Palermo, Italy
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Hepatology Center, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Hepatology Center, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Peter J Eddowes
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Noel Newsome
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Victor de Ledinghen
- Centre d'Investigation de la Fibrose Hépatique, Hopital Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France,INSERM1053, Universite de Bordeaux, Talence, Aquitaine, France
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeremy F Cobbold
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Okajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Koseikai Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Christian Labenz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Seok Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Wiegand
- Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yılmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey,Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guruprasad Padur Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Naaventhan Palaniyappan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christophe Cassinotto
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Geraldine J Ooi
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marianne Ziol
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Hopital Jean Verdier, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Barget
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Bondy, Île-de-France, France
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Theresa Tuthill
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M. Julia Brosnan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen A. Harrison
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick M Bossuyt
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Pavlides
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK .,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Ramji A, Rinella M, Dufour J, Anstee QM, Younossi Z, Loomba R, Sanyal AJ, Capozza T, Trylesinki A, Ratziu V. A219 AMINOTRANSFERASE IMPROVEMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROSIS REGRESSION IN THE REGENERATE STUDY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The interim analysis of the REGENERATE study showed obeticholic acid (OCA) 25 mg treatment significantly improved liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Elevations in aminotransferases are associated with adverse liver-related outcomes in NASH.
Aims
Here, we evaluate the utility of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as markers of treatment response to OCA in patients with NASH.
Methods
Changes in ALT (upper limit of normal [ULN] = 55 U/L) and AST (ULN = 34 U/L) were assessed systematically at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months in 931 NASH patients with stage 2 or 3 fibrosis randomized 1:1:1 to placebo (PBO), OCA 10 mg, or OCA 25 mg in REGENERATE (intent-to-treat population). Least-square mean (LSM) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of percentage change from baseline in ALT and AST were analyzed using a mixed-effect repeated-measures model.
Results
Baseline characteristics were well-balanced across treatment arms: ALT 79±53 U/L; AST 58±36 U/L; 44% F2, 56% F3. Aminotransferase values were > ULN for ALT in 60% (7% > 3xULN), and for AST in 74% (9% > 3xULN) of patients. Rapid, progressive, and dose-dependent improvement in ALT and AST was seen across PBO, OCA 10 mg, and OCA 25 mg arms, which at Month 18 was: ALT LSM change (95% CI), respectively, -4.9% (-10.7–0.9), -23.2% (-28.9– -17.4) and -31.9% (-37.7– -26.1) and in AST, -8.7% (-12.1– -5.2), -13.4% (-16.8– -9.9), and -19.4 (-22.8– -15.9). ALT and AST LSM reductions in OCA arms vs PBO were seen regardless of patient ULN status at baseline. In all patients, ALT/AST reduction was associated with probability of fibrosis regression at Month 18, ranging from approximately 20%, 95% CI (14–27) to 45% (37–54) with any reduction in ALT (> 0%–100%) and between approximately 20%, 95% CI (25–38) to 43% (35–57) with any reduction in AST (> 0%–100%). Interestingly, even with increases of ≤ 40% in AST or ALT there was still a small probability of fibrosis regression (< 20%). Analysis of changes in ALT and AST in individual patients showed that more patients had improvements on OCA than PBO at Month 18 (FIG 1).
Conclusions
OCA resulted in consistent dose-dependent improvement of ALT and AST. Patients with reductions in ALT or AST were up to twice as likely to have fibrosis improvement than those whose ALT or AST increased. The REGENERATE study is ongoing and will continue through clinical outcomes for verification and description of clinical benefits of OCA in treatment of NASH.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramji
- Gastrointestinal Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Rinella
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - J Dufour
- University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland & University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Q M Anstee
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Z Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, IL
| | - R Loomba
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - A J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - T Capozza
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc, New York, NY
| | - A Trylesinki
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Ratziu
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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5
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Younes R, Govaere O, Petta S, Miele L, Tiniakos D, Burt A, David E, Vecchio FM, Maggioni M, Cabibi D, McLeod D, Pareja MJ, Fracanzani AL, Aller R, Rosso C, Ampuero J, Gallego-Durán R, Armandi A, Caviglia GP, Zaki MYW, Liguori A, Francione P, Pennisi G, Grieco A, Birolo G, Fariselli P, Eslam M, Valenti L, George J, Romero-Gómez M, Anstee QM, Bugianesi E. Caucasian lean subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease share long-term prognosis of non-lean: time for reappraisal of BMI-driven approach? Gut 2022; 71:382-390. [PMID: 33541866 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The full phenotypic expression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in lean subjects is incompletely characterised. We aimed to investigate prevalence, characteristics and long-term prognosis of Caucasian lean subjects with NAFLD. DESIGN The study cohort comprises 1339 biopsy-proven NAFLD subjects from four countries (Italy, UK, Spain and Australia), stratified into lean and non-lean (body mass index (BMI) </≥25 kg/m2). Liver/non-liver-related events and survival free of transplantation were recorded during the follow-up, compared by log-rank testing and reported by adjusted HR. RESULTS Lean patients represented 14.4% of the cohort and were predominantly of Italian origin (89%). They had less severe histological disease (lean vs non-lean: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis 54.1% vs 71.2% p<0.001; advanced fibrosis 10.1% vs 25.2% p<0.001), lower prevalence of diabetes (9.2% vs 31.4%, p<0.001), but no significant differences in the prevalence of the PNPLA3 I148M variant (p=0.57). During a median follow-up of 94 months (>10 483 person-years), 4.7% of lean vs 7.7% of non-lean patients reported liver-related events (p=0.37). No difference in survival was observed compared with non-lean NAFLD (p=0.069). CONCLUSIONS Caucasian lean subjects with NAFLD may progress to advanced liver disease, develop metabolic comorbidities and experience cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as liver-related mortality, independent of longitudinal progression to obesity and PNPLA3 genotype. These patients represent one end of a wide spectrum of phenotypic expression of NAFLD where the disease manifests at lower overall BMI thresholds. LAY SUMMARY NAFLD may affect and progress in both obese and lean individuals. Lean subjects are predominantly males, have a younger age at diagnosis and are more prevalent in some geographic areas. During the follow-up, lean subjects can develop hepatic and extrahepatic disease, including metabolic comorbidities, in the absence of weight gain. These patients represent one end of a wide spectrum of phenotypic expression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Younes
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.,Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Olivier Govaere
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Dept of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alastair Burt
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ezio David
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Vecchio
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Area Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Pathology Institute, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico Hospital, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocio Aller
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Javier Ampuero
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Y W Zaki
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Antonio Liguori
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Francione
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico Hospital, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Pennisi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, PROMISE, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Dipartimento Universitario Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS C'a Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- UCM Digestive Diseases and SeLiver Group, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK .,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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6
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Zaki MYW, Mahdi AK, Patman GL, Whitehead A, Maurício JP, McCain MV, Televantou D, Abou-Beih S, Ramon-Gil E, Watson R, Cox C, Leslie J, Wilson C, Govaere O, Lunec J, Mann DA, Nakjang S, Oakley F, Shukla R, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Reeves HL. Key features of the environment promoting liver cancer in the absence of cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16727. [PMID: 34408183 PMCID: PMC8373870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising, even in the absence of cirrhosis. We aimed to develop a murine model that would facilitate further understanding of NAFLD-HCC pathogenesis. A total of 144 C3H/He mice were fed either control or American lifestyle (ALIOS) diet, with or without interventions, for up to 48 weeks of age. Gross, liver histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA-sequencing data were interpreted alongside human datasets. The ALIOS diet promoted obesity, elevated liver weight, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and spontaneous HCC. Liver weight, fasting blood glucose, steatosis, lobular inflammation and lipogranulomas were associated with development of HCC, as were markers of hepatocyte proliferation and DNA damage. An antioxidant diminished cellular injury, fibrosis and DNA damage, but not lobular inflammation, lipogranulomas, proliferation and HCC development. An acquired CD44 phenotype in macrophages was associated with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD-HCC. In this diet induced NASH and HCC (DINAH) model, key features of obesity associated NAFLD-HCC have been reproduced, highlighting roles for hepatic steatosis and proliferation, with the acquisition of lobular inflammation and CD44 positive macrophages in the development of HCC-even in the absence of progressive injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Youssef William Zaki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khairallah Mahdi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gillian Lucinda Patman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anna Whitehead
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - João Pais Maurício
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Despina Televantou
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sameh Abou-Beih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Erik Ramon-Gil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robyn Watson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte Cox
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jack Leslie
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Derek Austin Mann
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Quentin Mark Anstee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Louise Reeves
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK.
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7
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Montano-Loza AJ, Boursier J, Sanyal AJ, Ratziu V, Rinella M, Loomba R, Dufour J, Mozaffari E, Shringarpure R, MacConell L, Granston T, Zhou H, Trylesinski A, Harrison SA, Bedossa P, Goodman Z, Younossi Z, Noureddin M, Bugianesi E, Anstee QM. A217 NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENTS TO IDENTIFY PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED FIBROSIS DUE TO NASH: SCREENED POPULATION FROM THE REGENERATE TRIAL. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
We explored the ability of noninvasive tests (NITs) to identify patients (pts) with advanced fibrosis due to NASH.
Methods
All screened pts from the ongoing phase 3 REGENERATE with available histology data were included. Five NITs were evaluated using established literature cutoffs to identify or exclude advanced fibrosis (values between upper and lower thresholds were considered indeterminate): Aspartate Transaminase-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI; ≥0.57, ≤0.84), Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF; ≥7.7, <9.8), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4; ≥1.30, <2.67), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS; ≥−1.455, <0.676), and Transient Elastography (TE; ≥7.9 kPa, <9.6 kPa). Three testing methods applied were single NIT, 2 simultaneous NITs weighted equally (NFS+ELF, FIB-4+ELF, NFS+TE, FIB-4+TE), and 2 sequential NITs with the second test performed only if the first test was indeterminate (NFS→ELF, FIB-4→ELF, NFS→TE, FIB-4→TE).
Results
4133 pts in the REGENERATE screened population had an available biopsy (baseline liver biopsy: F0, 15.5%; F1, 27.2%; F2, 21.2%; F3, 29.6%; F4, 6.5%). Of these, 96% had FIB-4, NFS, and APRI, 41% had TE, and 28% had ELF. Single NITs with upper thresholds demonstrating strong specificity for identification of advanced fibrosis were FIB-4 (97%), NFS (94%), and APRI (86%); NITs with lower thresholds demonstrating good sensitivity for identification of early fibrosis were ELF (100%) and TE (88%). Evaluation of 2 simultaneous NITs resulted in a greater percentage of pts in the indeterminate zone. Application of 2 sequential tests improved the accuracy of identification and reduced misclassification vs 2 simultaneous tests.
Conclusions
Sequential NIT strategies may decrease liver biopsy rates while maintaining the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis in pts with advanced fibrosis due to NASH.
Funding Agencies
Intercept Pharmaceuticals
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Montano-Loza
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - A J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - V Ratziu
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - M Rinella
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - R Loomba
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - J Dufour
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - T Granston
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc, New York, NY
| | - H Zhou
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc, New York, NY
| | | | - S A Harrison
- Pinnacle Clinical Research Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - M Noureddin
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Q M Anstee
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
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8
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Dewar C, Anstee QM, Price DA, Payne B. Central obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in people living with HIV: a case for targeted screening? HIV Med 2018; 20:e1-e2. [PMID: 30160342 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Dewar
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Q M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Liver Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - D A Price
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Bai Payne
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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9
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Govaere O, Petz M, Wouters J, Vandewynckel YP, Scott EJ, Topal B, Nevens F, Verslype C, Anstee QM, Van Vlierberghe H, Mikulits W, Roskams T. The PDGFRα-laminin B1-keratin 19 cascade drives tumor progression at the invasive front of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6605-6616. [PMID: 28783171 PMCID: PMC5702717 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) expressing the biliary/hepatic progenitor cell marker keratin 19 (K19) have been linked with a poor prognosis and exhibit an increase in platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and laminin beta 1 (LAMB1) expression. PDGFRα has been reported to induce de novo synthesis of LAMB1 protein in a Sjogren syndrome antigen B (La/SSB)-dependent manner in a murine metastasis model. However, the role of this cascade in human HCC remains unclear. This study focused on the functional role of the PDGFRα-La/SSB-LAMB1 pathway and its molecular link to K19 expression in human HCC. In surgical HCC specimens from a cohort of 136 patients, PDGFRα expression correlated with K19 expression, microvascular invasion and metastatic spread. In addition, PDGFRα expression in pre-operative needle biopsy specimens predicted poor overall survival during a 5-year follow-up period. Consecutive histological staining demonstrated that the signaling components of the PDGFRα-La/SSB-LAMB1 pathway were strongly expressed at the invasive front. K19-positive HCC cells displayed high levels of α2β1 integrin (ITG) receptor, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro activation of PDGFRα signaling triggered the translocation of nuclear La/SSB into the cytoplasm, enhanced the protein synthesis of LAMB1 by activating its internal ribosome entry site, which in turn led to increased secretion of laminin-111. This effect was abrogated by the PDGFRα-specific inhibitor crenolanib. Importantly LAMB1 stimulated ITG-dependent focal adhesion kinase/Src proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. It also promoted the ITG-specific downstream target Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2, induced K19 expression in an autocrine manner, invadopodia formation and cell invasion. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of LAMB1 or K19 in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models resulted in significant loss of cells invading the surrounding stromal tissue and reduced HepG2 colonization into lung and liver after tail vein injection. The PDGFRα-LAMB1 pathway supports tumor progression at the invasive front of human HCC through K19 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Petz
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Wouters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y-P Vandewynckel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E J Scott
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - B Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Nevens
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Verslype
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Q M Anstee
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - H Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to a third of the population in many developed countries. Between 10% and 30% of patients with NAFLD have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can progress to cirrhosis. There are metabolic risk factors common to both NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, so patients with NASH have an increased risk of liver-related and cardiovascular death. Management of patients with NAFLD depends largely on the stage of disease, emphasising the importance of careful risk stratification. There are four main areas to focus on when thinking about management strategies in NAFLD: lifestyle modification, targeting the components of the metabolic syndrome, liver-directed pharmacotherapy for high risk patients and managing the complications of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dyson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Q M Anstee
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S McPherson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a histological spectrum of liver disease, from simple steatosis through to cirrhosis. As the worldwide rates of obesity have increased, NAFLD has become the commonest cause of liver disease in many developed countries, affecting up to a third of the population. The majority of patients have simple steatosis that carries a relatively benign prognosis. However, a significant minority have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and have increased liver related and cardiovascular mortality. Identifying those at risk of progressive disease is crucial. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard investigation for assessing stage of disease but its invasive nature makes it impractical for widespread use as a prognostic tool. Non-invasive tools for diagnosis and disease staging are required, reserving liver biopsy for those patients where it offers clinically relevant additional information. This review discusses the non-invasive modalities available for assessing steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. We propose a pragmatic approach for the assessment of patients with NAFLD to identify those at high risk of progressive disease who require referral to specialist services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dyson
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, , Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Dyson JK, Anstee QM, McPherson S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to treatment. Frontline Gastroenterol 2014; 5:277-286. [PMID: 25285192 PMCID: PMC4173737 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2013-100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to a third of the population in many developed countries. Between 10% and 30% of patients with NAFLD have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can progress to cirrhosis. There are metabolic risk factors common to both NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, so patients with NASH have an increased risk of liver-related and cardiovascular death. Management of patients with NAFLD depends largely on the stage of disease, emphasising the importance of careful risk stratification. There are four main areas to focus on when thinking about management strategies in NAFLD: lifestyle modification, targeting the components of the metabolic syndrome, liver-directed pharmacotherapy for high risk patients and managing the complications of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dyson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Q M Anstee
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S McPherson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Liu YL, Patman GL, Leathart JBS, Piguet AC, Burt AD, Dufour JF, Day CP, Daly AK, Reeves HL, Anstee QM. Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C >G polymorphism confers an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2014; 61:75-81. [PMID: 24607626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Subtle inter-patient genetic variation and environmental factors combine to determine disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 c.444C >G minor allele (encoding the I148M variant) has been robustly associated with advanced NAFLD. Although most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related to chronic viral hepatitis or alcoholic liver disease, the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing. We examined whether rs738409 C >G was associated with HCC-risk in patients with NAFLD. METHODS PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype was determined by allelic discrimination in 100 European Caucasians with NAFLD-related HCC and 275 controls with histologically characterised NAFLD. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were significantly different between NAFLD-HCC cases (CC=28, CG=43, GG=29) and NAFLD-controls (CC=125, CG=117, GG=33) (p=0.0001). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, BMI, and presence of cirrhosis, carriage of each copy of the rs738409 minor (G) allele conferred an additive risk for HCC (adjusted OR 2.26 [95% CI 1.23-4.14], p=0.0082), with GG homozygotes exhibiting a 5-fold [1.47-17.29], p=0.01 increased risk over CC. When compared to the UK general population (1958 British Birth Cohort, n=1476), the risk-effect was more pronounced (GC vs. CC: unadjusted OR 2.52 [1.55-4.10], p=0.0002; GG vs. CC: OR 12.19 [6.89-21.58], p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C >G polymorphism is not only associated with greater risk of progressive steatohepatitis and fibrosis but also of HCC. If validated, these findings suggest that PNPLA3 genotyping has the potential to contribute to multi-factorial patient-risk stratification, identifying those to whom HCC surveillance may be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Liu
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G L Patman
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J B S Leathart
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A-C Piguet
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A D Burt
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J-F Dufour
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C P Day
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A K Daly
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H L Reeves
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Q M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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14
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Anty R, Tonohouan M, Ferrari-Panaia P, Piche T, Pariente A, Anstee QM, Gual P, Tran A. Low Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D are Independently Associated with the Risk of Bacterial Infection in Cirrhotic Patients. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2014; 5:e56. [PMID: 24871371 PMCID: PMC4042021 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Low levels of vitamin D are associated with a higher mortality in cirrhotic patients, but the role of this deficiency is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of vitamin D in cirrhotic patients with and without bacterial infection. METHODS: 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D was assessed by immunoassay in 88 patients hospitalized in our hepatology unit. RESULTS: The causes of cirrhosis were mainly alcohol (70%), hepatitis C (10%), or both (9%). Infections (n=38) mainly included bacteriemia (21%), urinary tract infections (24%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (29%). A severe deficiency in vitamin D (<10 ng/ml) was observed in 56.8% of patients. Infections were more frequent in patients with a severe deficiency compared with the others (54 vs. 29%, P=0.02). A severe deficiency in vitamin D was a predictive factor of infection (odds ratio=5.44 (1.35–21.97), P=0.017) independently of the Child–Pugh score (odds ratio=2.09 (1.47–2.97) P=0.00004) and the C-reactive protein level (odds ratio=1.03 (1.002–1.052), P=0.03) in a logistic regression also including the alanine amino transferase (not significant). By a Cox regression analysis, only the presence of an infection was significantly associated with mortality (relative risk=3.24 (1.20–8.76), P=0.02) in a model also associating the Child–Pugh score (not significant) and the presence of a severe deficiency in vitamin D (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of 25-OH vitamin D were independently associated with bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients. The impact of 25-OH vitamin D supplementation on the infection rate and death of cirrhotic patients should be assessed in randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Anty
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France [2] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice, Digestive Center, Pôle Référence Hépatite C, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Nice, France [3] Faculty of Medecine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - M Tonohouan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France
| | - P Ferrari-Panaia
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice, Biological Center, Nice, France
| | - T Piche
- 1] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice, Digestive Center, Pôle Référence Hépatite C, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Nice, France [2] Faculty of Medecine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France [3] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 576, Immunology Department, Archet 1 Hospital, Nice, France
| | - A Pariente
- Centre Hospitalier of Pau, Digestive Center, Pau, France
| | - Q M Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Gual
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France [2] Faculty of Medecine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - A Tran
- 1] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, France [2] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice, Digestive Center, Pôle Référence Hépatite C, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Nice, France [3] Faculty of Medecine, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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15
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a histological spectrum of liver disease, from simple steatosis through to cirrhosis. As the worldwide rates of obesity have increased, NAFLD has become the commonest cause of liver disease in many developed countries, affecting up to a third of the population. The majority of patients have simple steatosis that carries a relatively benign prognosis. However, a significant minority have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and have increased liver related and cardiovascular mortality. Identifying those at risk of progressive disease is crucial. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard investigation for assessing stage of disease but its invasive nature makes it impractical for widespread use as a prognostic tool. Non-invasive tools for diagnosis and disease staging are required, reserving liver biopsy for those patients where it offers clinically relevant additional information. This review discusses the non-invasive modalities available for assessing steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. We propose a pragmatic approach for the assessment of patients with NAFLD to identify those at high risk of progressive disease who require referral to specialist services.
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Abstract
Decreased levels of most coagulation factors and thrombocytopenia are the main haemostatic abnormalities of cirrhosis. As a consequence, this condition was, until recently, considered as the prototype acquired coagulopathy responsible for bleeding. However, recent evidence suggests that it should, rather, be regarded as a condition associated with normal or even increased thrombin generation. The bleeding events that occur in these patients should, therefore, be explained by the superimposed conditions that frequently occur in this setting. Due to elevated levels of factor VIII (procoagulant driver) in combination with decreased protein C (anticoagulant driver), which are typically found in patients with cirrhosis, a procoagulant imbalance, defined as a partial resistance to the in vitro anticoagulant action of thrombomodulin, can be demonstrated. Whether this in vitro hypercoagulability is truly representative of what occurs in vivo remains to be established. However, the hypothesis that it may have clinical consequences is attractive and deserves attention. The possible consequences that we discuss herein include whether (i) cirrhosis is a condition associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism or portal vein thrombosis; (ii) the hypercoagulability associated with cirrhosis has any other role outside coagulation (i.e. progression of liver fibrosis); and (iii) anticoagulation should be used in cirrhosis. Although apparently provocative, considering anticoagulation as a therapeutic option in patients with cirrhosis is now supported by a rationale of increasing strength. There may be subgroups of patients who benefit from anticoagulation to treat or prevent thrombosis and to slow hepatic fibrosis. Clinical studies are warranted to explore these therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tripodi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation and Università degli Studi di Milan, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Kelly ML, Moir L, Jones L, Whitehill E, Anstee QM, Goldin RD, Hough A, Cheeseman M, Jansson JO, Peters J, Cox RD. A missense mutation in the non-neural G-protein alpha-subunit isoforms modulates susceptibility to obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:507-18. [PMID: 19238158 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Gnas transcription unit located within an imprinting region encodes several proteins, including the G-protein alpha-subunit, Gsalpha, its isoform XLalphas and their variant truncated neural forms GsalphaN1 and XLN1. Gsalpha and GsalphaN1 are expressed predominantly from the maternally derived allele in some tissues, whereas XLalphas and XLN1 are expressed exclusively from the paternally derived allele. The relative contribution of full-length Gsalpha and XLalphas, and truncated forms GsalphaN1 and XLN1 to phenotype is unknown. The edematous-small point mutation (Oed-Sml) in exon 6 of Gnas lies downstream of GsalphaN1 and XLN1, but affects full-length Gsalpha and XLalphas, allowing us to address the role of full-length Gsalpha and XLalphas. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the metabolic phenotypes of Oed and Sml mice, and to correlate phenotypes with affected transcripts. METHODS Mice were fed standard or high-fat diets and weighed regularly. Fat mass was determined by DEXA analysis. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure metabolic rate. Glucose was measured in tolerance tests and biochemical parameters in fasted plasma samples. Histological analysis of fat and liver was carried out post mortem. RESULTS Oed mice are obese on either diet and have a reduced metabolic rate. Sml mice are lean and are resistant to a high-fat diet and have an increased metabolic rate. CONCLUSION Adult Oed and Sml mice have opposite metabolic phenotypes. On maternal inheritance, the obese Oed phenotype can be attributed to non-functional full-length Gsalpha. In contrast, on paternal inheritance, Sml mice were small and resistant to the development of obesity on a high-fat diet, effects that can be attributed to mutant XLalphas. Thus, the neural isoforms, GsalphaN1 and XLN1, do not appear to play a role in these metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kelly
- MRC Harwell, Metabolism and Inflammation Section, Diabetes Group, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
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18
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Anstee QM, Goldin RD, Wright M, Martinelli A, Cox R, Thursz MR. Coagulation status modulates murine hepatic fibrogenesis: implications for the development of novel therapies. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1336-43. [PMID: 18485088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence demonstrating that coagulation system activation contributes to wound healing and promotes organ fibrosis. Several epidemiological studies have now shown that prothrombotic status, including carriage of the factor (F)V Leiden mutation, is associated with rapid progression of hepatic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of a procoagulant state on progression of hepatic fibrosis in a controlled environment and to test whether anticoagulation could attenuate fibrogenesis. METHODS We investigated the effects of coagulation status on liver fibrosis development in a mouse model of chronic toxic liver injury. Prothrombotic FV Leiden mutant mice, C57BL/6 control animals and anticoagulated mice were studied after chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride. RESULTS Carriage of the FV Leiden mutation caused a significant increase in hepatic fibrosis. Anticoagulation with warfarin significantly reduced fibrosis progression in wild-type mice but was less effective against the profibrotic FV Leiden mutation. Changes in the fibrosis scores were mirrored by changes in liver hydroxyproline content and hepatic stellate cell activation detected by alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that coagulation status has a strong influence on hepatic fibrogenesis. It is likely that thrombin signaling through the proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)) receptor expressed on hepatic stellate cells is responsible for this relationship. These results represent the first reported use of anticoagulation to slow hepatic fibrogenesis and suggest a potential novel anti-fibrotic therapeutic approach for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Anstee
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
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19
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Northup PG, Sundaram V, Fallon MB, Reddy KR, Balogun RA, Sanyal AJ, Anstee QM, Hoffman MR, Ikura Y, Caldwell SH. Hypercoagulation and thrombophilia in liver disease. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:2-9. [PMID: 17892532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A complex balance exists between endogenous procoagulants and the anticoagulant system in liver disease patients. Hypercoagulable events occur in cirrhosis patients despite the well-known bleeding diathesis of liver disease. These events may be clinically evident, such as in portal vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, but these conditions may also be a silent contributor to certain disease states, such as portopulmonary hypertension or parenchymal extinction with liver atrophy as well as thrombosis of extracorporeal circuits in dialysis or liver assist devices. Moreover, liver disease-related hypercoagulability may contribute to vascular disease in the increasingly common condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the incidence of these problems, there are few widely accessible and practical laboratory tests to evaluate the risk of a hypercoagulable event in cirrhosis patients. Furthermore, there is little research on the use of commonly accepted anticoagulants in patients with liver disease. This article is a result of an international symposium on coagulation disorders in liver disease and addresses several areas of specific interest in hypercoagulation in liver disease. Critical areas lacking clinical information are highlighted and future areas of research interest are defined with an aim to foster clinical research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Northup
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA.
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement for nutritional support and/or defined therapeutic enteral nutrition (TEN) in adult patients with Crohn's disease. DESIGN A prospective, observational study of patients with Crohn's disease in whom PEG tubes were placed for nutritional support or TEN. SETTING A specialist nutrition clinic at a gastroenterology tertiary referral centre in Harrow, UK. PARTICIPANTS Nine patients with Crohn's disease. Seven patients had nutritional failure and were unable to tolerate nasogastric feeding, and two patients were recruited in whom TEN therapy for active disease was indicated. The age range was 21-52 years (median, 30 years). Five patients were female; all had had previous ileo-colonic resections, one had a gastro-enterostomy and one had a non-healing Crohn's-related gastric ulcer. INTERVENTIONS PEG insertion (Fresenius, Frecka 9 Fr) was performed at endoscopy with intravenous sedation. Follow-up with tubes in situ was for a median of 37 weeks (range, 4-276 weeks), and for a further median of 80 weeks (range, 52-120 weeks) in those whose tubes have been removed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The level of disease activity, nutritional status/body mass index and any complications associated with PEG tube placement were recorded. RESULTS PEG was achieved in all patients; the only complication was a minor superficial entry site infection. Five patients continue to use PEG feeding to good effect, including healing of the Crohn's-associated ulcer. One patient now eats normally having regained target weight, and three require parenteral nutrition, having failed to achieve nutritional sufficiency despite an optimal enteral regimen via the PEG. An adverse body image in one of these patients (an opiate abuser with a long psychiatric history) was probably contributory to PEG failure. There was no peristomal or fistulous disease. CONCLUSIONS Although nutrition via PEG is not always successful, failures are of enteral nutrition, and not of the means. PEG use in selected patients with Crohn's disease appears safe and can prove a useful addition to therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q M Anstee
- St Mark's Hospital & Academic Institute, Harrow, UK
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