1
|
Rutegård M, Palmqvist R, Stenling R, Lindberg J, Rutegård J. Efficiency of Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: 38 Years' Experience in a Patient Cohort from a Defined Population Area. Scand J Surg 2016; 106:133-138. [PMID: 27431978 DOI: 10.1177/1457496916659224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended although there are no randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of such a strategy. This study is an update of earlier studies from an ongoing colonoscopic surveillance program. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients with ulcerative colitis were invited to the surveillance program that started in 1977 at Örnsköldsvik Hospital, located in the northern part of Sweden. Five principal endoscopists performed the colonoscopies and harvested mucosal sampling for histopathological evaluation. Some 323 patients from the defined catchment area were studied from 1977 to 2014. At the end of the study period, 130 patients, including those operated on, had had total colitis for more than 10 years. RESULTS In total, 1481 colonoscopies were performed on 323 patients during the study period without any major complications. In all, 10 cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in 9 patients, of whom 1 died from colorectal cancer. The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer was 1.4% at 10 years, 2.0% at 20 years, 3.0% at 30 years, and 9.4% at 40 years of disease duration, respectively. The standardized colorectal cancer incidence ratio was 3.01 (95% confidence interval: 1.42-5.91). Major surgery was performed on 65 patients; for 20 of these, the indication for surgery was dysplasia or colorectal cancer. Panproctocolectomy was performed in 43 patients. CONCLUSION This study supports that colonoscopic surveillance is a safe and effective long-term measure to detect dysplasia and progression to cancer. The low numbers of colorectal cancer-related deaths in our study suggest that early detection of neoplasia and adequate surgical intervention within a surveillance program may reduce colorectal cancer mortality in ulcerative colitis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rutegård
- 1 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R Palmqvist
- 2 Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R Stenling
- 2 Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Lindberg
- 1 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Rutegård
- 1 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González CA, Megraud F, Buissonniere A, Lujan Barroso L, Agudo A, Duell EJ, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Palli D, Krogh V, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Quirós JR, Sanchez-Cantalejo E, Navarro C, Barricarte A, Dorronsoro M, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Allen NE, Tsilidis KK, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Jeurnink SM, Numans ME, Peeters PHM, Lagiou P, Valanou E, Trichopoulou A, Kaaks R, Lukanova-McGregor A, Bergman MM, Boeing H, Manjer J, Lindkvist B, Stenling R, Hallmans G, Mortensen LM, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Bakken K, Dumeaux V, Lund E, Jenab M, Romieu I, Michaud D, Mouw T, Carneiro F, Fenge C, Riboli E. Helicobacter pylori infection assessed by ELISA and by immunoblot and noncardia gastric cancer risk in a prospective study: the Eurgast-EPIC project. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:1320-1324. [PMID: 21917738 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In epidemiological studies, Helicobacter pylori infection is usually detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, infection can spontaneously clear from the mucosa during the progression of atrophy and could lead to substantial under-detection of infection and underestimation of its effect on gastric cancer (GC) risk. Antibodies detected by western blot are known to persist longer after the loss of the infection. METHODS In a nested case-control study from the Eurogast-EPIC cohort, including 88 noncardia GC cases and 338 controls, we assessed the association between noncardia GC and H. pylori infection comparing antibodies detected by western blot (HELICOBLOT2.1) to those detected by ELISA (Pyloriset EIA-GIII(®)). RESULTS By immunoblot, 82 cases (93.2%) were H. pylori positive, 10 of these cases (11.4%) were negative by ELISA and only 6 cases (6.8%) were negative by both ELISA and immunoblot. Multivariable odds ratio (OR) for noncardia GC comparing immunoglobulin G positive versus negative by ELISA was 6.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0-15.1], and by immunoblot, the OR was 21.4 (95% CI 7.1-64.4). CONCLUSIONS Using a western blot assay, nearly all noncardia GC were classified as H. pylori positive and the OR was more than threefold higher than the OR assessed by ELISA, supporting the hypothesis that H. pylori infection is a necessary condition for noncardia GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A González
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - L Lujan Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Boutron-Ruault
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Paris South University, Villejuif, France
| | - F Clavel-Chapelon
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Paris South University, Villejuif, France
| | - D Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence
| | - V Krogh
- Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilan
| | - A Mattiello
- Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, Federico Ii University, Naples
| | - R Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civile M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa
| | - C Sacerdote
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - J R Quirós
- Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias
| | - E Sanchez-Cantalejo
- Andalusian School of Public Health, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada
| | - C Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Murcia, Murcia
| | - A Barricarte
- Navarre Public Health Institute, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona
| | - M Dorronsoro
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa and Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - K-T Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - N Wareham
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - N E Allen
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K K Tsilidis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht
| | - S M Jeurnink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht
| | - M E Numans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P H M Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Lagiou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens
| | - E Valanou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | | | - R Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
| | - A Lukanova-McGregor
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
| | - M M Bergman
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö
| | - B Lindkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg
| | - R Stenling
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - G Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L M Mortensen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus
| | - K Overvad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus
| | - A Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Diet Cancer and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Tjonneland
- Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Diet Cancer and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Bakken
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromso, Norway
| | - V Dumeaux
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromso, Norway
| | - E Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromso, Norway
| | - M Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - I Romieu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - D Michaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T Mouw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Carneiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) and Medical Faculty/HS João, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Fenge
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - E Riboli
- School of Public Health, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crusius JBA, Canzian F, Capellá G, Peña AS, Pera G, Sala N, Agudo A, Rico F, Del Giudice G, Palli D, Plebani M, Boeing H, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Carneiro F, Pala V, Save VE, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Berglund G, Manjer J, Stenling R, Hallmans G, Martínez C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quirós JR, Allen N, Key TJ, Binghan S, Caldas C, Linseisen J, Kaaks R, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Büchner FC, Peeters PHM, Numans ME, Clavel-Chapelon F, Trichopoulou A, Lund E, Jenab M, Rinaldi S, Ferrari P, Riboli E, González CA. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and the risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST). Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1894-902. [PMID: 18628242 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative contribution to gastric cancer (GC) risk of variants in genes that determine the inflammatory response remains mostly unknown and results from genotyping studies are inconsistent. PATIENTS AND METHODS A nested case-control study within the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was carried out, including 248 gastric adenocarcinomas and 770 matched controls. Twenty common polymorphisms at cytokine genes [interleukin (IL)1A, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4, IL4R, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, lymphotoxin alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] were analyzed. Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and CagA were measured. RESULTS IL1RN 2R/2R genotype [odds ratio (OR) 2.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-4.96] and allele IL1RN Ex5-35C were associated with an increased risk of Hp(+) non-cardia GC. IL8 -251AA genotype was associated with a decreased risk of Hp(+) non-cardia GC (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.32-0.81), mainly of the intestinal type. These associations were not modified by CagA status. Carriers of IL1B -580C and TNF -487A alleles did not associate with an increased risk. A moderately increased risk of Hp(+) non-cardia GC for IL4R -29429T variant was observed (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.15-2.63). CONCLUSION This prospective study confirms the association of IL1RN polymorphisms with the risk of non-cardia GC and indicates that IL8 -251T>A may modify the risk for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B A Crusius
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary folate is believed to protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, few studies have addressed the role of circulating levels of folate. The aim of this study was to relate prediagnostic plasma folate and homocysteine concentrations and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms to the risk of developing CRC. SUBJECTS Subjects were 226 cases and 437 matched referents from the population based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. RESULTS We observed a bell-shaped association between plasma folate concentrations and CRC risk; multivariate odds ratio for middle versus lowest quintile 2.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-3.56). In subjects with follow up times greater than the median of 4.2 years however, plasma folate concentrations were strongly positively related to CRC risk; multivariate odds ratio for highest versus lowest quintile 3.87 (95% CI 1.52-9.87; p trend = 0.007). Homocysteine was not associated with CRC risk. Multivariate odds ratios for the MTHFR polymorphisms were, for 677 TT versus CC, 0.41 (95% CI 0.19-0.85; p trend = 0.062), and for 1298 CC versus AA, 1.62 (95% CI 0.94-2.81; p trend = 0.028). Interaction analysis suggested that the result for 1298A>C may have been largely due to linkage disequilibrium with 677C>T. The reduced CRC risk in 677 TT homozygotes was independent of plasma folate status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a decreased CRC risk in subjects with low folate status. This possibility of a detrimental component to the role of folate in carcinogenesis could have implications in the ongoing debate in Europe concerning mandatory folate fortification of foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Van Guelpen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Building 6M, 2nd Floor, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lindberg J, Stenling R, Palmqvist R, Rutegård J. Surgery for neoplastic changes in ulcerative colitis--can limited resection be justified? Outcome for patients who underwent limited surgery. Colorectal Dis 2006; 8:551-6. [PMID: 16919105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2006.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome for the patients who underwent limited resection of the colon and/or rectum instead of panproctocolectomy (PPC), with special attention to those with neoplastic changes. METHODS Since 1977, all known patients with UC from our catchment area have been included in our surveillance programme. A total of 210 patients with UC have been followed up with regular colonoscopies and biopsies. Indications for surgery were severe therapy-resistant disease (TRD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), CRC or repeated findings of low-grade dysplasia (LGD). Patient compliance was excellent. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were operated on. In 29 of these patients, PPC was performed initially. At the end-point of the study, additionally seven patients had been radically operated on and three more patients planned to undergo such an operation. Accordingly, 22 patients had their first operation performed as a resection of either a part of or the whole colon or rectum. In this group, there were four patients diagnosed with CRC and three with dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM). One of them died 6 months after surgery because of disseminated CRC, whereas the other patients were alive at the end-point of the study. One of these seven patients with CRC or DALM had at end-point been radically operated on and two patients were awaiting such a procedure (in two patients because of LGD and in one patient because of TRD). Six of the patients who had a colorectal resection performed on the indication of TRD were radically operated later on, five of them because of relapsed TRD and one patient because of LGD in the remaining rectal mucosa. Twenty-one patients gained a mean of 9.4 years with presumably better bowel function, from undergoing a limited resection instead of PPC. None of the patients who underwent a colonic and/or rectal resection died because of CRC or metachronous cancer in their remaining colon or rectum. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that a limited resection of the colon and/or rectum in patients with UC, which requires surgical intervention increases the time with presumably better bowel function and may therefore be an alternative to PPC without increased risk of dying from CRC. This is dependent on the flexibility of the medical service and patient compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lindberg
- Department of Surgery, Ornsköldsvik Hospital, Ornsköldsvik, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palmqvist R, Hallmans G, Rinaldi S, Biessy C, Stenling R, Riboli E, Kaaks R. Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study in northern Sweden. Gut 2002; 50:642-6. [PMID: 11950809 PMCID: PMC1773192 DOI: 10.1136/gut.50.5.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has antiapoptotic and mitogenic effects on various cell types, and raised IGF-1 levels are increasingly being implicated as potential risk factors for cancer. AIMS To examine the relationship between IGF-1 and its major plasma binding protein, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured in prediagnostic plasma samples from 168 men and women who developed cancers of the colon (n=110) or rectum (n=58), and from 336 matched controls. RESULTS Conditional logistic regression analyses showed an increase in colon cancer risk with increasing levels of IGF-1 (odds ratios (ORs) 1.00, 1.89, 2.30, 2.66; p(trend)=0.03) and IGFBP-3 (ORs 1.00, 0.91, 1.80, 1.93; p(trend)=0.02). Rectal cancer risk was inversely related to levels of IGF-1 (ORs 1.00, 0.45, 0.33, 0.33; p(trend)=0.09) and IGFBP-3 (ORs 1.00, 0.75, 0.66, 0.49; p(trend)=0.21). Mutual adjustments between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 did not materially alter these relationships. CONCLUSIONS These results support earlier findings of increased risk of colon cancer in subjects with elevated plasma IGF-1. Our results however do not support the hypothesis that the risk of rectal cancer could also be directly related to IGF-1 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oberg A, Samii S, Stenling R, Lindmark G. Different occurrence of CD8+, CD45R0+, and CD68+ immune cells in regional lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer as potential prognostic predictors. Int J Colorectal Dis 2002; 17:25-9. [PMID: 12018450 DOI: 10.1007/s003840100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To study whether there are differences in the immunohistochemical staining of CD8, CD45R0, and CD68 of immune cells in regional lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer that are of potential interest in prognostic prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of archival specimens from 93 patients operated on for colorectal cancer (based on monoclonal antibodies, the ABC technique, and semiquantitative classification). RESULTS There was a significant difference in survival time between patients with respect to the number of positive immune cells. The cancer-specific 5-year survival rate was 77% for patients with high numbers of CD8+ cells, compared to 33% for those with lower numbers. The corresponding figures for patients with CD45R0+ cells were 66% vs. 33%, and for patients with CD68+ cells 60% vs. 38%. Significant differences remained among the 74 patients without adjuvant radio/chemotherapy regarding CD8 and CD45R0 but not CD68. CONCLUSION The presence of CD8+, CD45R0+, and CD68+ immune cells in regional lymph node metastases may serve as predictors of patients survival in colorectal cancer Dukes' stage C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Oberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from previous studies on intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction have been conflicting, which makes the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus less obvious. This may partly be due to the lack of a reliable classification of the Z-line appearance. We previously proposed such a classification (the ZAP classification) that was shown to correlate with the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia. The use of different immunohistochemical techniques has increased in the study of intestinal metaplasia. In the present study our aim was to 1) evaluate the impact of different antibodies, namely cytokeratin (CK) 7, 13, and 20, CaCO3/73, and FBB2/29, in order to differentiate between Barrett's esophagus and cardia intestinal metaplasia, and 2) explore the staining patterns in different ZAP grades. METHODS Thirty-nine specimens with intestinal metaplasia were compared--9 from Barrett's esophagus, 6 from cardia, and 24 from the Z-line. The Z-line specimens were evaluated with respect to ZAP grade. RESULTS No differences were encountered regarding staining patterns for CK13 and CaCO3/73 in Barrett's esophagus and cardia. The staining pattern of CK7/20 was significantly different between Barrett's esophagus and cardia. CK7/20 showed a rising frequency of Barrett's esophagus staining pattern with rising ZAP grade. CONCLUSION CK7/20 is a feasible marker for Barrett's esophagus. Intestinal metaplasia in different ZAP grades differs regarding expression of immunohistochemical markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wallner
- Dept. of Surgical and Perioperative Science, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wallner B, Sylvan A, Stenling R, Janunger KG. The Z-line appearance and prevalence of intestinal metaplasia among patients without symptoms or endoscopical signs indicating gastroesophageal reflux. Surg Endosc 2001; 15:886-9. [PMID: 11443460 DOI: 10.1007/s004640090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2000] [Accepted: 02/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A four-graded classification of the Z-line appearance (ZAP) has been proposed, which was shown to correlate with the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to determine the ZAP grade and the prevalence of IM among patients without GERD. METHODS In this study, 53 consecutive patients without signs or symptoms of GERD were included. RESULTS A normal Z-line (ZAP grade 0) was found in 26 patients (51%), and this group had a lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophy in the cardia than ZAP grade patients. The non-GERD patients in this study had less ZAP pathology than the GERD patients in our previous study. Intestinal metaplasia at the Z-line, observed in 17% of the patients, was found to associate with peptic ulcer and carditis. CONCLUSION The normal Z-line is feasibly defined as ZAP grade 0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wallner
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wallner B, Sylvan A, Stenling R, Janunger KG. A postfundoplication study on Z-line appearance and intestinal metaplasia in the gastroesophageal junction. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2001; 11:235-41. [PMID: 11525367 DOI: 10.1097/00129689-200108000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was investigate the Z-line appearance by using a previously proposed classification, the ZAP classification, and to investigate the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the Z-line, among fundoplicated patients. Sixty patients, who had undergone fundoplication 2 to 17 years earlier, were included in the study. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 20%. Intestinal metaplasia was found to be associated with age, more than 10 years of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease preoperatively, tongues of columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus, carditis, and ZAP grade. ZAP grade, furthermore, was associated with male gender and more than 10 years of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease preoperatively. Among patients with intestinal metaplasia, different ZAP grades can indicate different etiologic factors. Even among patients undergoing fundoplication (i.e., patients with an anatomically altered gastroesophageal junction), the ZAP classification is a feasible tool to characterize the Z-line appearance. The ZAP classification could prove valuable in selecting patients for follow-up treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wallner
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fischer H, Stenling R, Rubio C, Lindblom A. Colorectal carcinogenesis is associated with stromal expression of COL11A1 and COL5A2. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:875-8. [PMID: 11375892 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.6.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major component of the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM is known to play an active role in numerous biological processes such as cell shape, proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis as well as carcinogenesis. We used mRNA differential display RT-PCR to study differentially expressed genes in tissue samples from 24 colorectal cancers and four normal colon epithelia. Twenty of the 24 tumours showed expression of a gene COL11A1, not expressed in the normal samples. This gene is not normally expressed in adult colon tissue, but was here found to be expressed in 27 out of a total of 34 (79%) colorectal carcinomas. An analysis of other collagens showed that COL5A2 was not expressed in normal colon but was co-expressed with COL11A1 in the tumours. Our results suggest that stromal expression of COL11A1 and COL5A2 is associated with malignancy in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Fischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szutorisz H, Palmqvist R, Roos G, Stenling R, Schorderet DF, Reddel R, Lingner J, Nabholz M. Rearrangements of minisatellites in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene are not correlated with its expression in colon carcinomas. Oncogene 2001; 20:2600-5. [PMID: 11420670 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2000] [Accepted: 02/05/2001] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase activation is crucial in human carcinogenesis. The limiting component of telomerase, the catalytic subunit (hTERT), is undetectable in normal somatic cells but present in most tumor cells, including the earliest stages of colon carcinoma. The mechanisms involved in the differential expression in normal and tumor cells are not understood. In normal cells hTERT expression is shut down by a repressor, and upregulation could be a consequence of cis-acting changes in the hTERT gene, making it resistant to repression. We have identified a polymorphic and a monomorphic minisatellite in the second intron of the hTERT gene, and polymorphic one in intron 6. The polymorphic minisatellite in intron 2 contains binding sites for c-Myc, which has been shown to upregulate hTERT transcription. Screening colon carcinoma DNAs for rearrangements of hTERT minisatellites we detected no changes in 33 samples from tumors, most of which express hTERT. This indicates that size rearrangements of the hTERT minisatellites are not required for telomerase expression in colon carcinomas. Minor changes and one LOH were seen in five tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Szutorisz
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cederquist K, Golovleva I, Emanuelsson M, Stenling R, Grönberg H. A population based cohort study of patients with multiple colon and endometrial cancer: correlation of microsatellite instability (MSI) status, age at diagnosis and cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2001; 91:486-91. [PMID: 11251970 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1093>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC, is an autosomal dominant condition predisposing to cancers of primarily the colorectum and the endometrium. The aim of our study was to identify persons at a high risk of hereditary colorectal cancer and to estimate their risk of colon and other HNPCC-associated tumours. Family histories of cancer were obtained on 89 persons with double primary (DP) cancers of the colon and the endometrium. The cancer risks in their 649 first-degree-relatives (FDR) were analysed. The microsatellite instability (MSI) status of the tumour of the proband was also analysed and the cancer risks were estimated in relation to MSI status and age at diagnosis in the proband (over or under 50 years). The overall standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.69 (95% CI; 1.39-2.03). In the =50-year-old cohort the SIR was 2.67 (95% CI; 2.08-3.38). Colon, rectal and uterus cancer exhibited significantly increased risks. This risk was further increased in the =50-year-old MSI positive families. Several =50-year-old MSI negative HNPCC-like families with increased risks were also identified. In conclusion a FDR to a person with a DP cancer of the colorectum or the colon/endometrium have a significantly increased risk of having a colorectal or other HNPCC-associated cancers if the proband is diagnosed with one of the cancers before age 50. These families are candidates for genetic counselling and colorectal screening programmes. Mutations in mismatch repair genes can explain some of the increased risk in these families, but mutations in MSI negative families are probably due to other colon cancer susceptibility genes not yet described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Cederquist
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palmqvist R, Rutegârd JN, Bozoky B, Landberg G, Stenling R. Human colorectal cancers with an intact p16/cyclin D1/pRb pathway have up-regulated p16 expression and decreased proliferation in small invasive tumor clusters. Am J Pathol 2000; 157:1947-53. [PMID: 11106567 PMCID: PMC3277300 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic spatial heterogeneity with high proliferative activity at the luminal border and low activity at the invasive margin is an unexpected behavior that has been observed in colorectal cancer (CRC). To clarify this phenomenon and possible underlying regulatory mechanisms, we have by immunohistochemistry elucidated the proliferative activity and the expression of G1/S regulatory proteins in small and large tumor cell clusters at the invasive margin in 97 CRCs. By identifying small tumor clusters at the tumor front, actually invading cancer cells could be characterized and analyzed separately. These cells could then be compared with the main tumor mass represented by the larger tumor clusters. The proliferation was significantly lower in small tumor clusters compared with larger clusters (P < 0.001) and the decrease in proliferation was correlated with a p16 up-regulation (r(s) = -0.41, P < 0.001). Interestingly, CRCs lacking p16 expression (18%) or tumors with other aberrations in the p16/cyclin D1/pRb pathway had a less pronounced decrease in proliferation between large and small clusters (P < 0.001), further strengthening the association between p16 and ceased proliferation at the invasive margin. This contrasts to tumors with low p27 or abnormal p53 levels showing sustained proliferation in small tumor clusters. Our findings imply that invading CRC cells generally have low proliferative activity, and this phenomenon seems to be mediated through p16 and the p16/cyclin D1/pRb pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeâ University, Ume a, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beckman LE, Hägerstrand I, Stenling R, Van Landeghem GF, Beckman L. Interaction between haemochromatosis and transferrin receptor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2000; 59:317-22. [PMID: 11096344 DOI: 10.1159/000012189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) iron has been implicated as a risk factor primarily in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) and cirrhosis. The wild-type HH (HFE) protein complexes with the transferrin receptor (TFR), and two HFE mutations (Cys282Tyr and His63Asp) have been found to increase the affinity of the TFR for transferrin resulting in an increased cellular uptake of iron. In previous studies we found an interaction between HFE and TFR genotypes in multiple myeloma and breast and colorectal carcinomas. In the present investigation we have studied HFE and TFR genotypes in 54 Swedish patients with HCC, using DNA from archival samples of paraffin wax blocks. The same HFE-TFR interaction as in the previously studied neoplastic disorders was found. Individuals carrying the HFE282Tyr allele (homo- and heterozygotes) in combination with homozygosity for the TFR Ser allele showed an increased risk for HCC (OR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.3-9.3), which was further increased in HFE Tyr homozygotes and compound (Tyr/Asp) heterozygotes in combination with TFR 142Ser homozygosity (OR = 17.2; 95% CI = 1.8-168.9). The presence of liver cirrhosis could only be assessed in part of the patient material. In patients with verified liver cirrhosis the risk figures were substantially increased: for HFE 282 Tyr carriers in combination with TFR 142 Ser/Ser OR = 7.2; 95% CI = 2.0-25.5 and for HFE 282Tyr homozygotes and compound heterozygotes in combination with TFR 142Ser homozygosity, OR = 62.8; 95% CI = 6.1-642.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Beckman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Umeâ University, Umeâ, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oberg A, Höyhtyä M, Tavelin B, Stenling R, Lindmark G. Limited value of preoperative serum analyses of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:1085-91. [PMID: 10810401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied whether preoperative serum levels of free MMP-2, the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex, and total amounts of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 correlated to the tumor stage and prognosis in colorectal cancer. METHODS Samples from 158 patients operated on for colorectal cancer (100 colon, 58 rectum) and samples from 80 healthy blood donors were analyzed using an ELISA technique. One hundred and thirty-three patients were resected for cure, (31, 61, and 41 in Dukes' stages A, B, and C, respectively). At follow-up in January 1998, 44 patients had died from their cancer after a median time 14 months (range 2-55). Fifteen patients died without tumor relapse. Ninety-nine patients were alive after, a median time of 46 months (range 17-68). RESULTS Wide, overlapping ranges were observed for all factors both in the patients and in the control group. The patients as compared to the control group had significantly higher levels of free MMP-2 and total amounts of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, whereas the level of the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex was significantly lower. TIMP-1 was significantly higher in Dukes' D compared to Dukes' A-C cases; the other factors did not correlate to tumor stage. Elevated TIMP-2 levels (median cut-off limit), only, correlated to worse prognosis when analysed in all patients (p < 0.05). None of the factors (median cut-off limit) correlated to survival in Dukes' A-C patients; analyses based on the upper quartile cut-off limit demonstrated that elevated MMP-2 levels correlated to shorter survival time (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum analyses of free MMP-2 the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex and total amounts of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are of limited value for tumor staging and prognosis in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Oberg
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
This study has evaluated the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in 89 colorectal cancers (CRCs) using immunohistochemistry and has related p27 levels to clinico-pathological characteristics, tumour cell proliferation, and the expression of other G1-S transition regulatory proteins. Low levels of p27 were common in CRCs; 11 per cent of the tumours expressed very low levels and 44 per cent had p27 labelling indices (LIs) below 50 per cent. Except for depth of tumour invasion, no significant correlation was found between p27 expression and Dukes' stage, differentiation, growth pattern, tumour type or lymphocytic infiltration. Interestingly, tumours expressing low or very low p27 LIs were predominantly found in the right colon (p=0.026). Expression of p27 was a strong predictor of survival, both in univariate and in multivariate survival analyses; patients with tumours of p27 LI less than 50 per cent had an impaired prognosis (p=0.0069). p27 expression did not correlate with tumour cell proliferation, or with expression of cyclin D1 or the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). These findings support the view that p27 not merely controls cell cycle progression, but might be associated with other mechanisms responsible for aggressive tumour behaviour in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction is associated with Barrett esophagus, gastric cardiac cancer, and gastritis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia among patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to study clinical, endoscopic, and histologic associations with intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction. METHODS One hundred and eighty-six patients with symptoms indicating gastroesophageal reflux were included in the study. A new classification of the Z-line appearance was used. RESULTS The Z-line appearance was found to correlate with the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction (P = 0.0001). Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction was found in 15.0% of the patients. There was a statistically significant association between intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction and tongues of columnar epithelium at the Z-line (P = 0.020), intestinal metaplasia in the cardia (P = 0.020), positive CLO test (P = 0.026), smoking (P = 0.041), and age (P = 0.050). There was no association with endoscopic or histologic signs of esophagitis or with the severity or duration of GERD symptoms. CONCLUSION Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction correlates with the Z-line appearance, which would justify a new classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wallner
- Dept. of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The specific genetic alterations characterising renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have lead to the recognition of distinctive types of tumours. In a large material of patients, the prognostic and clinical information of these different tumour types were evaluated. METHODS Tumours from 186 patients were evaluated retrospectively according to the guidelines given by the Heidelberg Classification Conference. All patients were primarily nephrectomised and TNM staged, and the follow-up times for alive patients varied between 44 and 174 months. RESULTS The material consisted of 145 conventional (non-papillary), 25 papillary, 12 chromophobe and 4 unclassified RCCs. There was no difference in tumour size between the different RCC types. Among patients with conventional RCC, 37% had distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, significantly more frequently than 16% in patients with papillary and 8% in chromophobe RCC (p = 0.044 and 0.048, respectively). Conventional RCC more frequently had vein invasion compared with papillary RCC (p = 0.009). Patients with chromophobe and papillary RCC survived significantly longer than patients with conventional RCC (p = 0.017 and 0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A significant difference in clinical behaviour between the different RCC types was found. Patients with conventional RCC had a higher incidence of metastases, vein invasion and had adverse survival compared with papillary and chromophobe RCCs. Thus, the RCC types recognised by specific genetic alterations seem to represent different malignant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ljungberg
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beckman LE, Van Landeghem GF, Sikström C, Wahlin A, Markevärn B, Hallmans G, Lenner P, Athlin L, Stenling R, Beckman L. Interaction between haemochromatosis and transferrin receptor genes in different neoplastic disorders. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:1231-3. [PMID: 10383894 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.7.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genes are involved in iron metabolism, including the transferrin receptor (TFR) and haemochromatosis (HFE) genes. In previous investigations an increased risk for neoplastic disease has been observed in individuals homo- and heterozygous for hereditary haemochromatosis. The HFE wild-type gene product complexes with the transferrin receptor (TF) and two different HFE mutations (Cys282Tyr and His63Asp) have been found to increase the affinity of TFR for TF and increase cellular iron uptake. In a recent study we found no associations for HFE and TFR separately, but an interaction between HFE and TFR genotypes in multiple myeloma. Individuals carrying the HFE Tyr282 allele (homo- and heterozygotes) in combination with homozygosity for the TFR Ser142 allele had an increased risk. In the present study the same association was found in breast and colorectal cancer. The odds ratio for all three neoplasms combined was 2.0 (95% CI 1.0-3.8). The risk for neoplastic disease was further increased (OR 7.7, 95% CI = 1.0-59.9) when the analysis was restricted to HFE Tyr homozygotes and compound heterozygotes in combination with TFR Ser homozygosity. Thus, an interaction between HFE and TFR alleles may increase the risk for different neoplastic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Beckman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umeå, S, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This study has evaluated the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in 89 colorectal cancers (CRCs) using immunohistochemistry and has related p27 levels to clinico-pathological characteristics, tumour cell proliferation, and the expression of other G1-S transition regulatory proteins. Low levels of p27 were common in CRCs; 11 per cent of the tumours expressed very low levels and 44 per cent had p27 labelling indices (LIs) below 50 per cent. Except for depth of tumour invasion, no significant correlation was found between p27 expression and Dukes' stage, differentiation, growth pattern, tumour type or lymphocytic infiltration. Interestingly, tumours expressing low or very low p27 LIs were predominantly found in the right colon (p=0.026). Expression of p27 was a strong predictor of survival, both in univariate and in multivariate survival analyses; patients with tumours of p27 LI less than 50 per cent had an impaired prognosis (p=0.0069). p27 expression did not correlate with tumour cell proliferation, or with expression of cyclin D1 or the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). These findings support the view that p27 not merely controls cell cycle progression, but might be associated with other mechanisms responsible for aggressive tumour behaviour in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Palmqvist R, Sellberg P, Oberg A, Tavelin B, Rutegård JN, Stenling R. Low tumour cell proliferation at the invasive margin is associated with a poor prognosis in Dukes' stage B colorectal cancers. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:577-81. [PMID: 10027333 PMCID: PMC2362413 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conflicting results about the prognostic impact of tumour cell proliferation in colorectal cancer might be explained by the heterogeneity observed within these tumours. We have investigated whether a systematic spatial heterogeneity exists between different compartments, and whether the presence of such a systematic heterogeneity has any impact on survival. Fifty-six Dukes' stage B colorectal cancers were carefully morphometrically quantified with respect to the immunohistochemical expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 at both the luminal border and the invasive margin. The proliferative activity was significantly higher at the luminal border compared with the invasive margin (P<0.001), although the two compartments were also significantly correlated with each other. Tumours with low proliferation at the invasive margin had a significantly poorer prognosis both in univariate (P = 0.014) and in multivariate survival analyses (P = 0.042). We conclude that Dukes' B colorectal cancers exhibit a systematic spatial heterogeneity with respect to proliferation, and tumours with low proliferation at the invasive margin had a poor prognosis. The present data independently confirm recent results from the authors, and provide new insights into the understanding of tumour cell proliferation in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
DNA aneuploidy is of interest as an additive marker for carcinoma risk in ulcerative colitis. It is known that colorectal carcinomas often are aneuploid with DNA indices centered around a median value of 1.5, corresponding to triploidy, and that adenomas, if aneuploid, have DNA indices closer to 2.0, the tetraploid region. In a colonoscopic surveillance programme, colorectal mucosal biopsies from 104 patients with ulcerative colitis were examined by flow cytometry, and the DNA indices determined and compared with findings of cellular dysplasia. In 17 patients, DNA aneuploidy was diagnosed, with DNA indices ranging from 1.2 to 2.0, median 1.9. Three patients with high grade dysplasia all had DNA indices within the triploid region. These results were compared with the DNA indices from a group of 49 patients with non‐colitis‐associated aneuploid colorectal carcinomas, in which the levels ranged from 1.1 to 2.0 with a median value of 1.5. Accordingly, the DNA index in the colitis patients with aneuploidy was more often within the tetraploid region. These results, obtained in patients with ulcerative colitis, indicate a possible precancerous progress from diploidy over tetraploidy to triploidy also in patients with long‐standing ulcerative colitis. In addition, the results speak in favour of a connection between DNA indices in the triploid region and more profound premalignant alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stenling
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to investigate the significance of lymph node micrometastases in Dukes Stages A and B colorectal cancer. METHODS Archival specimens were examined from 147 patients (96 colon, 51 rectum; 44 Stage A, 103 Stage B) who had surgery between 1987 and 1994. One lymph node section from each node (colon, 1-11; median, 4; rectum, 1-15; median, 3) was examined with use of an anticytokeratin antibody. RESULTS Forty-seven (32 percent) patients had micrometastases. At follow-up in June 1996, 23 patients had died of cancer or with known tumor relapse, after a median time of 28 (range, 5-67) months; 8 of 47 (17 percent) patients had micrometastases, 15 of 100 (15 percent) did not. No statistically significant differences were observed according to micrometastases when the results were analyzed with respect to Dukes stage or survival time. The median survival time of living patients with micrometastases was 48 (range, 18-97) months, and for patients without micrometastases, 48 (range, 19-111) months. Six of 96 living patients had a tumor relapse; three of these displayed micrometastases. CONCLUSION Lymph node micrometastases are not a useful prognostic marker in Dukes Stages A and B and do not imply different strategies for additional therapy or follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Oberg
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and cyclin D1 have been reported in a variety of malignancies, but the frequencies of these deregulations and their relation to prognosis in colorectal cancer has not been clarified. We characterised 90 colorectal cancers with respect to immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1, pRb and Ki-67. Two of 90 (2%) tumours lacked nuclear pRb staining, indicating inactivation of the protein, while 10 (11%) expressed high levels of pRb. Abnormal expression of pRb was significantly correlated to low levels of nuclear cyclin D1 observed in 32% of the tumours. Strong nuclear cyclin D1 expression was detected in 12% of the tumours. Cytoplasmic staining of cyclin D1 was observed in 17% of the tumours, showing an inverse relationship (P = 0.006) to the Ki-67 labelling index. Eight of 11 tumours with high nuclear overexpression of cyclin D1 and both tumours with pRb defects were located in the right colon in comparison with zero of 25 in the rectum (P = 0.009). Regarding prognosis, neither pRb nor cyclin D1 expression correlated with patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mehle C, Lindblom A, Ljungberg B, Stenling R, Roos G. Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 3p correlates with telomerase activity in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 1998; 13:289-95. [PMID: 9664124 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.13.2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired loss of the entire or parts of the short arm of chromosome 3 is a frequent aberration in renal cell carcinoma as well as in other tumour types, indicating the presence of at least one tumour suppressor gene on 3p. Previous studies have defined the distal and proximal ends of one critical region to reside between 3p21 and 3p11, and one gene involved in von Hippel-Lindau disease has been identified at 3p25. Experimental in vitro data has suggested a negative regulator of telomerase activity on chromosome 3. In the present study we investigated the relationship between telomerase activity and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 3p in a series of renal cell carcinomas. Telomerase activity was evaluated using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay and LOH, by analysis of 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Twenty-nine out of 45 tumours (64%) demonstrated telomerase activity and 37 tumours (82%) showed allelic loss of single or multiple areas of chromosome 3p. A significant correlation between LOH of at least one of three markers localised within 4 cM in the region of 3p21.2-3p14.2 and telomerase activity was demonstrated (p=0.0031), as well as for three distal markers within 3 cM at 3p24.3-3p24.1 (p=0.0287). These data suggest the presence of at least two genes with regulatory function on the expression of telomerase. These genes can encode proteins of importance for senescence and/or immortalisation or have a more direct effect on activation of telomerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mehle
- Department of Pathology, Umea University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Palmqvist R, Oberg A, Bergström C, Rutegård JN, Zackrisson B, Stenling R. Systematic heterogeneity and prognostic significance of cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:917-25. [PMID: 9528835 PMCID: PMC2150107 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of colorectal cancer has not significantly changed during the last 30 years. While evaluation of tumour cell proliferation may provide prognostic information, results obtained so far have been contradictory Heterogeneity in tumour cell proliferation may explain these contradictions. With in vivo injection of iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd), estimation of labelling index (LI), S-phase transit time (Ts) and potential doubling time (Tpot) may be performed from a single sample. A total of 109 colorectal cancers were studied after in vivo injection of IdUrd before surgical removal. From each cancer, four to eight samples were processed for both flow cytometrical (FCM) and immunohistochemical (IHC) visualization of IdUrd incorporation. LI/IHC was morphometrically quantified at both the luminal border and the invasive margin of these tumours. LI was significantly higher at the luminal border compared with the invasive margin, although they were correlated with each other. Using combined IHC and FCM methods, rapidly growing colorectal cancers (high LI and/or low Tpot) showed an increased survival (significant for LI at the invasive margin and for Tpot at both the invasive margin and the luminal border) in the entire unselected material and for radically removed Dukes' B tumours. FCM data alone did not discriminate for survival, with the exception of Ts in diploid and radically removed Dukes' B tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Palmqvist
- Department of Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
El-Salhy M, Simonsson M, Stenling R, Grimelius L. Recovery from Marie-Bamberger's syndrome and diabetes insipidus after removal of a lung adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine features. J Intern Med 1998; 243:171-5. [PMID: 9566647 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 44-year-old woman with Marie-Bamberger's syndrome and diabetes insipidus had a lung tumour with mediastinal metastases, but no signs of metastases to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. A week after removal of the tumour, the joint pain, polyuria and polydipsia disappeared. The tumour was diagnosed histopathologically as a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine cell differentiation and dispersed cells reacting with antisera against neurone-specific enolase, S-100 protein, neuropeptide Y, follicle-stimulating hormone, substance P, vasoactive polypeptide (VIP), adrenocorticotropic hormone and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) as well as to one of three tested antisera raised against antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It was suggested that Marie-Bamberger's syndrome might be caused by one of these immunoreactive substances or by a substance that shares an amino acid sequence with one of these neuroendocrine peptides. It was also suggested that the tumour might produce an ADH-like substance which might have an ADH-antagonist effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M El-Salhy
- Section for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bergström C, Palmqvist R, Denekamp J, Oberg A, Tavelin B, Stenling R. Factors influencing the estimates of proliferative labelling indices in rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 1998; 46:169-77. [PMID: 9510044 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(97)00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A detailed analysis was undertaken of some of the factors influencing the estimate of the labelling index (LI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three human rectal carcinomas were studied for their proliferative activity as measured by the fraction of cells labelled with a single injection of IdUrd 1-8 h before surgical resection. Adjacent specimens were stained both for histological examination and for flow cytometry (FCM) assessment of labelled nuclei. RESULTS Two major differences were found. The superficial parts of each tumour almost always had significantly higher LI values than the deep part (34 versus 21%), yielding an average LI of 27%. The flow cytometry average value was much lower (17%). This was partly due to the influence of diploid tumours. There was a marked heterogeneity in the values, both within tumours, between tumours and between techniques. The average LI for the whole group differs by a factor of three, depending on the method of assessment. CONCLUSIONS All these values indicate a varying but rapid proliferative turnover of cells, surprisingly being more marked in the superficial region, i.e. the opposite from the proliferation pattern of the normal rectal mucosa. A biopsy, if taken from the superficial part of the tumour, would therefore be biased toward higher values. This has implications for biopsy sampling for cell kinetic analysis. Histological assessment avoids the contaminating effect of stromal cells, allows architectural arrangements to be detected and is presumably a more realistic representation of proliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bergström
- Department of Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Rutegård
- Department of Surgery, Ornsköldsvik Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study colonic endocrine cell types in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). SETTING Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University Hospitals, Umeå and Uppsala, Sweden. SUBJECTS Seventeen patients with UC (seven females and 10 males) and 11 patients with CD (five females and six males). Twenty-two patients (eight females and 14 males) operated on for colon carcinoma and without signs of inflammatory bowel disease were used as controls. MEASUREMENTS The colonic endocrine cell types were identified by immunohistochemical methods and quantified by computed image analysis. RESULTS The areas of the argyrophil cells as well as those immunoreactive to chromogranin A and serotonin were significantly increased in patients with both UC and CD, compared with those in the controls. In patients with CD, the areas of polypeptide YY(PYY)- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells were significantly reduced, whilst the area of enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells was increased. There was no statistical difference in endocrine cell area between specimens with slight versus severe inflammation, except for PYY and enteroglucagon cell areas in patients with CD. Whilst the former cell area decreased, the latter increased in specimens with severe inflammation. The mean cellular area for each endocrine cell type did not differ between the controls and patients with UC or CD. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the serotonin-immunoreactive cell area in patients with both UC and CD might be one of the factors causing reduced colonic contraction and increased intraluminal pressure observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, in patients with CD, the decreased PYY-immunoreactive cell area may explain the decreased absorption and increased secretion found in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M El-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zackrisson B, Gustafsson H, Stenling R, Flygare P, Wilson GD. Predictive value of potential doubling time in head and neck cancer patients treated by conventional radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 38:677-83. [PMID: 9240632 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of pretreatment measurements of tumor cell kinetics to predict the outcome of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck receiving conventional radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS All patients received between 64 and 70 Gy as 2 Gy fractions, five fractions per week. Cell kinetics were assayed rapidly and quantitatively using flow cytometric evaluation of iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) incorporation, in vivo, from a biopsy removed several hours after the administration of the DNA precursor to the patient prior to the start of treatment. RESULTS The measured proliferation parameters were not related to the clinicopathological features of the tumors, emphasizing the independent nature of these parameters. In univariate analysis, nodal involvement was the most important clinical feature of the tumors related to local control followed by Tpot, DNA aneuploidy, and attainment of complete regression at 6 weeks. Of these only Tpot and nodal status maintained significance in multivariate analysis, with respect to loco-regional control. In subgroup analysis, Tpot was able to stratify patients into high or low rate of loco-regional control in node negative patients, in aneuploid tumors and in patients who did achieve complete regression at 6 weeks. For cause specific survival, N-stage was the only parameter that significantly discriminated the prognosis in these patients. CONCLUSIONS The conclusion of this study is that Tpot provides clinically important information that can predict patients with a low probability of achieving long-term local control with conventional fractionation. Further improvements to the methodology to address the shortcomings of analyzing diploid tumors may increase the predictive power of the measurement.
Collapse
|
33
|
Larsson P, Roos G, Stenling R, Ljungberg B. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in renal cell carcinoma. Prognostic implications. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1996; 30:445-50. [PMID: 9008023 DOI: 10.3109/00365599609182321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein associated with cells in active cell cycle. The expression of PCNA was evaluated immunohistochemically in 3-6 samples from 68 renal cell carcinomas. A total of 279 tumour samples were analysed using the monoclonal antibody PC-10, and the percentage of positively stained cell nuclei (PCNA-index) was determined. The tumour PCNA-index varied between 0.9-17.5%, with a mean value of 4.9%, significantly different from normal kidney cortex samples (p < 0.001). A significant difference in PCNA-index was found between the different tumour grades, whereas no significant difference was found between clinical stages. Concerning DNA ploidy, aneuploid tumours had a significantly higher PCNA-index compared with diploid tumours (p = 0.002). There was a significant survival advantage for patients with low tumour PCNA-indices (< 3.5%) compared with those with high indices (> 3.5%, p = 0.019), a difference also found for patients with non-metastatic disease (p = 0.012). Our data shows that PCNA expression can be analysed and that it may constitute an additional prognostic parameter for patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Larsson
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Broström LA, Crnalic S, Löfvenberg R, Stenling R, Boquist L. Structure, growth and cell proliferation of human osteosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma xenografts in serial transplantation in nude mice. APMIS 1996; 104:775-83. [PMID: 8982240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1996.tb04942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumour specimens from one patient with osteosarcoma and one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma were transplanted in serial passages in nude mice. Structure, growth and cell kinetics of the xenografts were studied in order to assess the validity of the two tumour models. Cell proliferation was analysed using in vivo labelling with the thymidine analogue iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) and the IdUrd labelling index (LI) was determined by immunohistochemistry. The DNA index (DI) was examined by flow cytometry. The c-myc oncoprotein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. More intense proliferation was observed in the peripheral parts of the tumours. There was no correlation between tumour growth and cell proliferation in the two tumour groups. Stability of the tumour models was indicated by low intrapassage and interpassage variations of DI, LI, and volume doubling time, and also by retained histopathological characteristics and c-myc staining patterns of donor patients' tumours during serial transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Broström
- Department of Orthopaedics, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Larsson P, Roos G, Stenling R, Wilson GD, Ljungberg B. Cell proliferation in renal cell carcinoma--a comparative study of cell kinetic methods. Urol Res 1996; 24:291-5. [PMID: 8931294 DOI: 10.1007/bf00304779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Four different methods of assessing cell proliferation in renal cell carcinoma were compared in a total of 136 samples to analyze their degree of agreement and usefulness. The methods compared were flow cytometric S-phase (S-FCM) analysis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression detected by immunohistochemistry (PCNA-IHC), in vivo iododeoxyuridine incorporation analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IdUrd-IHC), and flow cytometry (IdUrd-FCM). The mean S-FCM fraction was 5.9%, compared with a mean PCNA-IHC labeling index of 4.7%. The mean labeling indices obtained by IdUrd-IHC and IdUrd-FCM were 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively. The four methods correlated well with each other. When the methods were compared according to Bland and Altman, good agreement was shown. A statistically significant difference in proliferation between diploid and aneuploid tumor samples was found with all methods (P < 0.001). The results showed that the four different methods provided comparable information on proliferative activity, although different cell cycle compartments were monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Larsson
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
In the process of tumour progression genetic instability is the basis for the evolution of tumour cell clones with various genotypic and phenotypic characteristics causing heterogeneity. Renal cell carcinoma has a long prediagnostic growth period, which increases the probability of clonal evolution. We have studied 200 consecutive renal cell carcinomas, addressing the interrelationship between intratumour heterogeneity and clinicopathological factors. DNA ploidy patterns were analysed in multiple samples from each tumour using flow cytometry and compared with clinical stage, tumour invasion, metastatic rate and survival. Eighty-five of 192 evaluable tumours (44%) were homogeneous concerning DNA ploidy (62% diploid, 38% aneuploid). Among 107 heterogeneous tumours a majority (79%) contained aneuploid as well as diploid cell clones. Homogeneously diploid tumours had a lower incidence of local tumour spread compared with tumours with aneuploid cell clones (P < or = 0.001), but the frequency of distant metastasis at time of diagnosis was similar. The presence of aneuploidy in at least one sample from a tumour was a significant adverse prognostic factor (P < 0.001), whereas the degree of heterogeneity had no influence on survival. The frequent heterogeneity demonstrated indicates that multiple samples must be investigated to evaluate properly the malignant character of renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ljungberg
- Department of Urology and Andrology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Broström LA, Crnalic S, Löfvenberg R, Boquist L, Stenling R. Growth patterns and cell kinetics of human osteosarcoma xenografts in serial passages in nude mice analyzed by in vivo labelling with iododeoxyuridine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1996; 122:141-46. [PMID: 8601561 DOI: 10.1007/bf01366953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A human osteoblastic osteosarcoma was transplanted in nude mice and followed in seven serial passages. Tumor cell kinetics was analyzed by in vivo labelling with the thymidine analogue iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd). Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the IdUrd labelling index. Duration of S phase (ts) was estimated by flow cytometry. From these two parameters potential doubling time (tpot) was calculated. Cell kinetic parameters showed low variations between passages and also between xenografts in same passage. Smaller variations of ts compared to labelling index and tpot were found. tpot was generally short with an interpassageal mean of 1.3 days and CV=14.8%. All xenografts showed DNA aneuploidy (mean DNA index --1.6). Homogeneous tumor growth was indicated by low variations of volume doubling time and lag time. There was no correlation between tumor growth and cell proliferation. Histopathological characteristics of the donor patients tumor were retained during serial transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Broström
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The human gallbladder was investigated by means of immunohistochemical methods for the occurrence of peptidergic nerve fibres. In the gallbladder 11 types of peptidergic nerve fibres were observed. These were somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-, peptide YY (PYY)-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)-, neurotensin-, cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin C-terminus, substance P-, galanin- and serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibres. NPY- and GIP-containing neurones were occasionally observed in the ganglionated plexus in the fibromuscular coat. Somatostatin-, NPY-, neurotensin-, and galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were abundant. The other nerve fibres were few. Peptidergic nerve fibres occurred in the lamina propria mucosae around and in close contact with the basement membrane of the epithelial cells. In the fibromuscular coat, they lied mainly around the muscle bundles. They showed no special arrangement in the perimuscular connective tissue. In both arteries and veins somatostatin-, neurotensin, and galanin nerve fibres were detected in both tunica media and tunica adventitia. NPY-nerve fibres were found in tunica media and substance P- and GIP- nerve fibres in tunica adventitia. The peptidergic nerve fibres observed in the gallbladder outnumbered those observed with the peripheral nerve markers used in this study. It has been speculated that this might be due to the coexistence of several neuropeptides in the same nerve fibre and/or the coexistence of these neuropeptides with a classical neurotransmitter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M el-Salhy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zackrisson B, Gustafsson H, Stenling R, Flygare P, Wilson G. 142The predictive value of potential doubling time in head and neck cancer patients treated by conventional radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(96)80151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
40
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of a thrombus extending into the veins is well recognized in renal cell carcinoma. We investigated the hypothesis that vein invasion alone has no adverse impact on survival but is a highly negative factor in other tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 200 consecutive patients invasion of the renal vein and vena cava was evaluated and compared with the clinical course. RESULTS A total of 26 patients had vena caval and 47 had renal vein invasion. Patients with venous invasion had a significantly shorter survival but no survival difference was demonstrated based on the level of involvement. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that vein invasion itself seems to be an important prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ljungberg
- Department of Urology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Själander A, Birgander R, Athlin L, Stenling R, Rutegård J, Beckman L, Beckman G. P53 germ line haplotypes associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 1995; 16:1461-4. [PMID: 7614678 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/16.7.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three p53 DNA polymorphisms (BstU I and Msp I restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in exon 4 and intron 6 respectively, and a 16 bp duplication in intron 3) and their haplotype combinations were studied in patients with colorectal cancer and compared with patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. There were only minor differences between patients with ulcerative colitis and controls, the only significant difference was observed in the distribution of BstU I-Msp I haplotypes. When single polymorphisms were studied, a significantly lower frequency of the 16 bp duplication was found in patients with colorectal cancer. The protective effect of the 16 bp duplication was more pronounced in haplotype combinations with the BstU I A1 and Msp I A1 alleles, whereas these alleles in combination with the 16 bp A1 allele (no duplication) were associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer. The genotypic combination BstU I 2-1, 16 bp 1-I, Msp I 2-1 was found in 8.4% of cases among patients with colorectal cancer and 0.5% of cases in the controls (odds ratio = 18.8). The extended haplotype responsible for the high cancer risk of this genotype appears to be BstU I A1-16 bp A1-Msp I A1. The results of this study indicate that the haplotype approach to the identification of p53 germ line alleles associated with increased susceptibility to cancer is far more powerful than the analysis of single polymorphisms, since the capacity to identify germ line alleles predisposing to cancer should increase with the number of polymorphic sites included in the analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Själander
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bergström C, Emdin S, Roos G, Stenling R. DNA content in colorectal carcinoma: a flow cytometric study of the epithelial fraction. Anal Cell Pathol 1995; 8:287-95. [PMID: 7577744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the proliferative activity of the epithelial fraction in human colorectal carcinomas. Cell suspensions from 27 human colorectal carcinomas were simultaneously selected for epithelial cells and analyzed for DNA content. The staining procedure we employed, after dispersing the tumour sample into a single-cell suspension, included propidium iodide and a monoclonal antibody to the intermediate filament cytokeratin specific for secretory epithelia of normal human tissue and cells of epithelial origin in adenocarcinomas. This technique made it possible to distinguish the epithelial cell population from non-epithelial cells in the tumour. Flow cytometry was used for DNA analysis and the results obtained after epithelial selection were compared with conventional DNA analysis of crude tumour tissue. No difference in S-phase values of diploid and aneuploid cytokeratin positive cells were seen, whereas analysis of crude tumour cell suspensions showed lower S-phase values in diploid tumours compared to aneuploid ones. When cytokeratin-positive cells in the tumour were selected, we found presence of diploid tumour cells in almost all aneuploid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bergström
- Department of Pathology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Athlin L, Lundskog B, Stenling R, Eriksson S. Local recurrence and long-term survival in patients with gastric cancer--analysis of possible impact of clinicopathological parameters. Eur J Surg Oncol 1995; 21:162-7. [PMID: 7720891 DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(95)90336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In a retrospective study comprising 88 patients operated upon with curative intent a number of histopathological parameters of possible prognostic value regarding local recurrence and long-time survival were analysed. Local recurrence within 5 years was found in 28 patients (32%) of which 17 (61%) were diagnosed within the first 2 years. Crude survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 25% and 15%. According to Laurén's classification the results indicated better, but not significant, 5- and 10-year survival for the diffuse type (36% vs 25%). The probability of 10-year survival suggested a better (P = 0.06) prognosis for tumours in the middle third of the stomach, and for patients operated with total gastrectomy (P = 0.025). The probability of recurrence in relation to lymph node involvement suggested a more favourable prognosis (P = 0.06) for patients without lymph node metastases, and in relation to tumour fibrosis a less favourable prognosis for pronounced fibrosis (P = 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Athlin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), overexpression of the p53 protein has been found in 34-80% of the tumors studied. No data are available regarding p53 expression versus tumor cell proliferation and prognosis for this tumor type. METHODS p53 protein levels were studied by immunohistochemical staining of 33 primary SCCHN using 3 antibodies (DO7, PAb 1801, and CM1) that react with different epitopes of the p53 protein. The cellular expression of p53 was compared with in vivo incorporation of the thymidine analog iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS Twenty-one tumors (64%) had a positive nuclear staining for p53 with the monoclonal antibody DO7, which reacts with a denaturation-resistant epitope in wild-type and mutant p53. PAb 1801 and CM1 reacted with 19 and 20 tumors, respectively, all of which were DO7-positive. No correlation was found between incorporation of IdUrd and p53 expression or between PCNA and p53 expression. The data indicate that intracellular accumulation of the p53 protein was related to tumor stage and localization of the tumor. No indication of a clinical or prognostic significance of p53 expression in SCCHN was found. CONCLUSIONS No association between p53 deregulation and tumor cell proliferation was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nylander
- Department of Oral Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Duodenal endocrine cells in 11 patients with familial amyloid associated polyneuropathy (FAP) were compared with those in 12 healthy volunteers by means of immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The total endocrine cell content, determined by the argyrophilic reaction and chromogranin A immunoreactivity, was significantly reduced in FAP patients compared with controls. There was a significant reduction in the serotonin, cholecystokinin/gastrin, and secretin immunoreactive cell content. A decreased cell content was also noted for somatostatin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide immunoreactive cells but this was not statistically significant. Amyloid deposits were noted in seven of the 11 biopsy specimens from FAP patients, but otherwise the duodenum was histologically normal in both groups. The reduction in endocrine cell content was not correlated with the degree of amyloid deposit in the duodenum. These findings indicate that patients with FAP have reduced intestinal endocrine cells. This does not seem to be related to amyloid deposits in the mucosa or to villous or crypt abnormalities. The observed changes in endocrine cells may contribute to the development of intestinal motility dysfunction and maldigestion in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M el-Salhy
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ljungberg B, Larsson P, Roos G, Stenling R, Wilson G. Cell kinetics of renal cell carcinoma studied with in vivo iododeoxyuridine incorporation and flow cytometry. J Urol 1994; 151:1509-13. [PMID: 8189558 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In 29 patients with renal cell carcinoma tumor cell kinetics were studied by in vivo labeling with 100 mg. iododeoxyuridine given 3 to 7 hours before nephrectomy. Two to 6 samples were analyzed from each tumor after fixation in ethanol. Iododeoxyuridine was analyzed by specific antibodies using flow cytometric analysis of labeled cells and parameters, such as labeling index and potential tumor doubling time, could be determined. Samples from 28 tumors were evaluable. Mean labeling index of the tumors was 2.7%, which was significantly different from the 0.35% index in kidney cortex tissue. There was no statistical difference in labeling index among the clinical stages. The mean potential tumor doubling time in the tumor cells was 20.3 days, which was significantly different compared with 137.7 days in kidney cortex tissue. There was a frequent intra-tumoral heterogeneity of potential tumor doubling times. Diploid and aneuploid samples had significantly different potential tumor doubling (mean 37.4 and 12.5 days, respectively). Potential tumor doubling had a significant impact on the survival time (p = 0.004), which also was noted in the patients with aneuploid tumors (p = 0.003). Our study shows that in vivo incorporation of iododeoxyuridine successfully can be analyzed in renal cell carcinoma. Potential tumor doubling time gives valuable prognostic information on the clinical behavior of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ljungberg
- Department of Urology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang JX, Lundin E, Reuterving CO, Hallmans G, Stenling R, Westerlund E, Aman P. Effects of rye bran, oat bran and soya-bean fibre on bile composition, gallstone formation, gall-bladder morphology and serum cholesterol in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Br J Nutr 1994; 71:861-70. [PMID: 8031735 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19940192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of rye bran, oat bran and soya-bean fibre on serum lipids, bile composition and gallstone formation were studied in male Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The control groups received fibre-free stone-provoking (O1 diet) or non-stone-provoking (O2 diet) diets. The serum cholesterol levels were lower for all groups fed on the diets supplemented with the dietary fibre sources compared with the control groups. The total content of bile acids in bile was higher in groups given rye-bran diets compared with the corresponding controls. The proportion of cholic acid was higher and that of chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acid lower in the groups given rye-bran-, oat-bran- or soya-bean-fibre-supplemented diets, compared with the corresponding controls. The secondary:primary bile acid ratio was lower in the group given the rye-bran-supplemented O1 diet. The lithocholic:deoxycholic acid ratio was lower in the groups given rye-bran-, oat-bran- or soya-bean-fibre-supplemented diets than in the corresponding controls. A lower frequency of gallstones was observed only for the group receiving the rye-bran-supplemented O1 diet while the lithogenic index was lower in the groups given the rye-bran-supplemented O2 diet. A decreased epithelial volume density of the gall-bladder and an increased smooth muscular volume density were observed in animals given oat-bran- and rye-bran-supplemented O1 diets, whereas for the soya-bean-fibre-supplemented O1 diet, only the smooth muscular volume density was increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Larsson P, Roos G, Stenling R, Ljungberg B. Proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma studied with in vivo iododeoxyuridine labelling and immunohistochemistry. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1994; 28:135-40. [PMID: 7939463 DOI: 10.3109/00365599409180489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell proliferation is one interesting cell biological parameter of possible predictive value for prognosis. In the present study 176 tumor and 33 kidney cortex samples from 33 patients with renal cell carcinoma were studied after immunohistochemical detection of in vivo labelled iododeoxyuridine. The tumors had a mean labelling index (LI) of 1.06 +/- 0.59%, significantly different from LI of kidney cortex tissue 0.08 +/- 0.09% (p < 0.001). There was a tendency towards increasing LIs at higher clinical stages. No correlation was found between LI and tumor size. A significant difference existed for LIs between diploid and aneuploid tumors (p = 0.037). Within the limited number of patients with a relatively short follow-up, Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that LI might provide prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Larsson
- Department of Urology & Andrology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In a prospective study carried out between 1977 and 1991, 131 patients with ulcerative colitis from an area of 65,000 inhabitants were followed by clinical visits and regular colonoscopy with biopsy. At the end of the study 58 patients had had total colitis for more than 10 years, 38 had left the programme (16 after radical operations, nine because of death--one from colitis, one from carcinoma--and 13 for other reasons) and 632 colonoscopies had been performed. Colorectal carcinoma was diagnosed in four patients, of whom two were included in the programme with a diagnosis of cancer. Dysplasia was diagnosed in 24 patients, other than those with malignancy; in four this was of high grade. Carcinoma and dysplasia occurred mainly in the left colon and in patients with total colitis. The surveillance programme was resource consuming and the cost-benefit must be questioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Jonsson
- Department of Surgery, Ornsköldsvik Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
In a comparison of flow cytometric DNA measurements on fresh and paraffin-embedded material from primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region, we discovered that previously undetected aneuploid clones could be detected by dual parameter analysis of cytokeratin and DNA applied to disintegrated cells from paraffin sections. Using this new approach the correlation coefficient between DNA-indices from fresh and paraffin-embedded material increased from 0.423 to 0.904.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nylander
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|