1
|
Juste RA, Vrotsou K, Mateo-Abad M, Gutiérrez-Stampa MA, Rotaeche R, Vergara I, Bujanda L. Non-specific protection against severe COVID-19 associated to typhoid fever and DTP vaccination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29935. [PMID: 38707311 PMCID: PMC11068531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity (TRAIM) or the enhanced non-specific immune response after primary stimulation by infection or vaccination is a recent but well-recognized concept. To verify its predictions, our objective was to determine the effects of two bacterial vaccines, typhoid fever (TFV) and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) on the infection, hospitalization and death frequencies associated to COVID-19 in a retrospective study on subjects vaccinated or not with TFV and DTP in the 4 years prior to the start of COVID-19 pandemia in the Basque Country (Spain). The studied outcome records were split into two periods according to COVID-19 vaccination, the pre-vaccination (ACV) from March to December 2020 and the post-vaccination (PCV) from September 2021 to June 2022). In total, 13,673 subjects were vaccinated against TFV and 42,997 against DTP. A total of 2,005,084 individual records were studied in the ACV period and 1,436,693 in the PCV period. The proportion of infection, hospitalization and death associated to COVID-19 among controls in ACV was 4.97 %, 7.14 % and 3.54 %, respectively vs. 7.20 %, 2.24 % and 0.10 % among TFV subjects. Regarding DTP, the proportions were 4.97 %, 7.12 % and 3.58 % for controls and 5.79 %, 5.79 % and 0.80 % for vaccinees. In the PCV period, the proportion of infection, hospitalization and death among controls was 21.89 %, 2.62 % and 0.92 %, respectively vs. 31.19 %, 0.76 %, 0.00 % among TFV. For DTP, infection, hospitalization and death proportions were 21.89 %, 2.62 % and 0.92 %, respectively, among controls vs. 32.03 %, 1.85 % and 0.24 % among vaccinated subjects. The corresponding combined ACV and PCV odds ratios (OR) for SARS-CoV2 infection were 1.505 (95%CI 1.455-1.558; p < 0.0001; reduction -41.85 %) and 1.633 (95%CI 1.603-1.662; p < 0.0001; reduction -51.74 %), for TFV and DTP, respectively. Regarding COVID-19 associated hospitalization, the OR were 0.295 (95%CI 0.220-0.396; p = 0.0001; reduction 69.74 %) and 0.667 (95%CI 0.601-0.741; p = 0.0001; reduction 32.44 %), for TFV and DTP, respectively). COVID-19 associated death OR were 0.016 (95%CI 0.002-0.113, p < 0.0001; reduction 98.38 %) and 0.212 (95%CI 0.161-0.280; p = 0.0001; reduction 78.52 %), for TFV and DTP, respectively. We conclude that TRAIM effects by TFV and DTP vaccination in the four years prior to the pandemic SARS-CoV2 were supported by slightly increased infection rates, but strongly reduced COVID-19 associated hospitalization and death rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. Juste
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Kalliopi Vrotsou
- Osakidetza Health Care Directorate, PC-IHO Research Unit of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, P° Dr. Beguiristain, s/n 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Primary Care Group, Biogipuzkoa Institute for Health Research, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) , Spain
| | - Maider Mateo-Abad
- Primary Care Group, Biogipuzkoa Institute for Health Research, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) , Spain
| | - Maria A. Gutiérrez-Stampa
- Primary Care Group, Biogipuzkoa Institute for Health Research, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) , Spain
- Altza Primary Care Health Center, Donostialdea IHO, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rafael Rotaeche
- Osakidetza Health Care Directorate, PC-IHO Research Unit of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, P° Dr. Beguiristain, s/n 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Primary Care Group, Biogipuzkoa Institute for Health Research, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) , Spain
- Altza Primary Care Health Center, Donostialdea IHO, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Itziar Vergara
- Osakidetza Health Care Directorate, PC-IHO Research Unit of Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, P° Dr. Beguiristain, s/n 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Primary Care Group, Biogipuzkoa Institute for Health Research, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS) , Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Juste RA. Bovine TB serological diagnosis: blindness rather than conundrum. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1309-1310. [PMID: 38263502 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A Juste
- NEIKER-BRTA, Berreaga, 1, Derio (Bizkaia), 48160, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casais R, Iglesias N, Sevilla IA, Garrido JM, Balseiro A, Dominguez M, Juste RA. Non-specific effects of inactivated Mycobacterium bovis oral and parenteral treatment in a rabbit scabies model. Vet Res 2024; 55:41. [PMID: 38532491 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis BCG vaccination induced non-specific protective effects in humans led to postulate the concept of trained immunity (TRAIM) as an innate type of immune mechanism that triggered by a pathogen, protects against others. Killed vaccines have been considered not to be effective. However, field efficacy of a commercial vaccine against paratuberculosis, as well as of a recently developed M. bovis heat-inactivated vaccine (HIMB) prompted to test whether it could also induce TRAIM. To this, we used a sarcoptic mange rabbit model. Twenty-four weaned rabbits were treated orally or subcutaneously with a suspension of either HIMB (107 UFC) or placebo. Eighty-four days later the animals were challenged with approximately 5000 S. scabiei mites on the left hind limb. Skin lesion extension was measured every 2 weeks until 92 days post-infection (dpi). Two animals were killed at 77 dpi because of extensive skin damage. The rest were euthanized and necropsied and the lesion area and the mite burden per squared cm were estimated. Specific humoral immune responses to S. scabiei and to M. bovis were investigated with the corresponding specific ELISA tests. Subcutaneously and orally HIMB vaccinated animals compared with placebo showed reduced lesion scores (up to 74% and 62%, respectively) and mite counts (-170% and 39%, respectively). This, together with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.6276, p = 0.0031) between tuberculosis-specific antibodies and mite count at 92 dpi supported the hypothesis of non-specific effects of killed mycobacterial vaccination. Further research is needed to better understand this mechanism to maximize cross protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casais
- Area de Sanidad Animal, SERIDA, 33394, Gijon, Asturias, Spain
- NySA Group, SERIDA, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Iglesias
- Area de Sanidad Animal, SERIDA, 33394, Gijon, Asturias, Spain
- NySA Group, SERIDA, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-BRTA, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-BRTA, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, León, Spain
- NySA Group, SERIDA, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mercedes Dominguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-BRTA, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- NySA Group, SERIDA, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Juste RA, Fernández-Veiga L, Fuertes M, Fernández-Ortiz de Murua I, Cardona G, Geijo MV, Garrido JM, Sevilla IA. A humoral diagnostic test outperforms cellular tests in a farm with a latent tuberculosis outbreak caused by a new Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spoligotype that affected sheep but not goats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1310205. [PMID: 38317788 PMCID: PMC10839146 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1310205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) that affects numerous species. M. caprae, a member of the complex which is close to M. bovis, is emerging and affects several different hosts that include goats, cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, wild boar, red deer, foxes and also humans. A new M. caprae spoligotype (SB2737) was isolated from an outbreak of sheep tuberculosis affecting a mixed sheep (323)-goat (29) farm in 2021. The index case was detected by the La Rioja slaughterhouse veterinary inspection. Tracing back to the farm of origin, both species were submitted to Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) and M. bovis-specific antibody ELISA tests. A subsample was also examined by IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) and all positives were slaughtered and pathologically and microbiologically investigated. Only 1.2% of sheep and no goat were positive in the CITT, and 11.4% in the IGRA sheep subsample, while up to 36.8% were positive in two consecutive M. bovis-specific antibody ELISA tests. Goats had always tested negative in annual intradermal follow-up since 2013. Upon confirmation of the immunologically positive sheep at slaughter, all the remaining negative animals were killed and 29.2% of sheep were still found infected. This raised the final overall prevalence to 37.5%. Antibody ELISA was the most sensitive (81.4%) in vivo detection method still showing a 85.0% specificity relative to pathological and microbiological tuberculosis status. It was nearly 10 times more sensitive than skin test and had an 86.8% positive predictive value. Notwithstanding a possible singular pathogenesis of the new spoligotype, this outbreak adds up to previous reports suggesting that sheep tuberculosis could be huge reservoir of infection worldwide overlooked by skin test low sensitivity or simply lack of investigation. This makes it urgent to extend the use antibody tests to address the Trojan horse of hidden M. tuberculosis complex infections on bovine TB control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER – Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Leire Fernández-Veiga
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER – Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Miguel Fuertes
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER – Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Cardona
- Servicio de Ganadería, Diputacion Foral de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria V. Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER – Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER – Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER – Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badia-Bringué G, Canive M, Casais R, Blanco-Vázquez C, Amado J, Iglesias N, González A, Bascones M, Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M. Evaluation of a droplet digital PCR assay for quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA in whole-blood and fecal samples from MAP-infected Holstein cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944189. [PMID: 36246323 PMCID: PMC9563315 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that affects ruminants worldwide and is a burden on the dairy industry. PTB control measures include culling of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected animals from the herd and the enhancement of farm-biosecurity measures. Diagnostics tools for the direct detection of MAP are fecal real-time qPCR and bacteriological culture, the last one being considered the gold standard. However, both show limitations for detecting subclinical MAP-infected cattle with low bacterial load in feces and gut tissues. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a third-generation PCR method that shows high reproducibility for the quantification of low DNA copy numbers. The objective of this study was to design a ddPCR assay to detect and quantify a fragment of the F57 MAP-specific sequence in samples of naturally MAP-infected Holstein cattle. DNA was isolated from whole-blood and fecal samples from control cows with a negative ELISA and qPCR result (N = 75) and from cows with PTB-associated focal (N = 32), multifocal (N = 21), and diffuse lesions (N = 17) in gut tissues. After ddPCR, the DNA extracted from fecal samples of cows with diffuse lesions showed higher mean copies per microliter (13,791.2 copies/μl) than samples from cows with multifocal lesions (78.8 copies/μl), focal lesions (177.1 copies/μl) or control cows (4.8 copies/μl) (P ≤ 0.05). Significant differences in mean DNA copies/μl were also observed in the blood samples from cows with focal lesions (47.7 copies/μl) when compared with cows with multifocal and diffuse lesions; 18.1 and 12.4 copies/μl, respectively. Using a principal component analysis, the results of the fecal ddPCR clustered together with the results of a commercial ELISA for the specific detection of MAP antibodies, fecal and tissue qPCR, and bacteriological culture results. In contrast, blood ddPCR results clustered together with the results of an ELISA for the detection of a biomarker of subclinical PTB, the ABCA13 transporter. Blood ddPCR was the most sensitive tool (sensitivity 71%, specificity 100%) of all the quantitative methods used in the study for the detection of subclinical cows with focal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Badia-Bringué
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Canive
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Deva, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Vázquez
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Deva, Spain
| | - Javier Amado
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal del Principado de Asturias, Gijón, Spain
| | - Natalia Iglesias
- Center for Animal Biotechnology, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Deva, Spain
| | - Aitor González
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Mertxe Bascones
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Alonso-Hearn
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hodnik JJ, Acinger-Rogić Ž, Alishani M, Autio T, Balseiro A, Berezowski J, Carmo LP, Chaligiannis I, Conrady B, Costa L, Cvetkovikj I, Davidov I, Dispas M, Djadjovski I, Duarte EL, Faverjon C, Fourichon C, Frössling J, Gerilovych A, Gethmann J, Gomes J, Graham D, Guelbenzu M, Gunn GJ, Henry MK, Hopp P, Houe H, Irimia E, Ježek J, Juste RA, Kalaitzakis E, Kaler J, Kaplan S, Kostoulas P, Kovalenko K, Kneževič N, Knific T, Koleci X, Madouasse A, Malakauskas A, Mandelik R, Meletis E, Mincu M, Mõtus K, Muñoz-Gómez V, Niculae M, Nikitović J, Ocepek M, Tangen-Opsal M, Ózsvári L, Papadopoulos D, Papadopoulos T, Pelkonen S, Polak MP, Pozzato N, Rapaliuté E, Ribbens S, Niza-Ribeiro J, Roch FF, Rosenbaum Nielsen L, Saez JL, Nielsen SS, van Schaik G, Schwan E, Sekovska B, Starič J, Strain S, Šatran P, Šerić-Haračić S, Tamminen LM, Thulke HH, Toplak I, Tuunainen E, Verner S, Vilček Š, Yildiz R, Santman-Berends IMGA. Corrigendum: Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:902559. [PMID: 35529840 PMCID: PMC9070405 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.902559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Jakob Hodnik
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žaklin Acinger-Rogić
- Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mentor Alishani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Albania
| | - Tiina Autio
- Finnish Food Authority, Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Animal Health Department, University of León, León, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of León, León, Spain
| | - John Berezowski
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Chaligiannis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lina Costa
- Department of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Iskra Cvetkovikj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Ivana Davidov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Igor Djadjovski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Elsa Leclerc Duarte
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jenny Frössling
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Jörn Gethmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Animal Health and Production Unit, National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Ireland
| | | | - George J Gunn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine K Henry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Petter Hopp
- Section of Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Houe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Irimia
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Jožica Ježek
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Kalaitzakis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jasmeet Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Selcuk Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public and One (Integrated) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Kaspars Kovalenko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Lifesciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Nada Kneževič
- Podravka Food Industry, Research and Development, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Tanja Knific
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Alvydas Malakauskas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rene Mandelik
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public and One (Integrated) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Madalina Mincu
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Kerli Mõtus
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Violeta Muñoz-Gómez
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jelena Nikitović
- Institute for Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - László Ózsvári
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sinikka Pelkonen
- Finnish Food Authority, Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Nicola Pozzato
- Laboratorio di Medicina Forense Veterinaria, Struttura Complessa Territoriale 1 - Verona e Vicenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eglé Rapaliuté
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - João Niza-Ribeiro
- Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | | | - Blagica Sekovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sam Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Šatran
- State Veterinary Administration, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sabina Šerić-Haračić
- Animal Health Economics Department, Veterinary Faculty of the University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Hans-Hermann Thulke
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Sharon Verner
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Štefan Vilček
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Inge M G A Santman-Berends
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hodnik JJ, Acinger-Rogić Ž, Alishani M, Autio T, Balseiro A, Berezowski J, Carmo LP, Chaligiannis I, Conrady B, Costa L, Cvetkovikj I, Davidov I, Dispas M, Djadjovski I, Duarte EL, Faverjon C, Fourichon C, Frössling J, Gerilovych A, Gethmann J, Gomes J, Graham D, Guelbenzu M, Gunn GJ, Henry MK, Hopp P, Houe H, Irimia E, Ježek J, Juste RA, Kalaitzakis E, Kaler J, Kaplan S, Kostoulas P, Kovalenko K, Kneževič N, Knific T, Koleci X, Madouasse A, Malakauskas A, Mandelik R, Meletis E, Mincu M, Mõtus K, Muñoz-Gómez V, Niculae M, Nikitović J, Ocepek M, Tangen-Opsal M, Ózsvári L, Papadopoulos D, Papadopoulos T, Pelkonen S, Polak MP, Pozzato N, Rapaliuté E, Ribbens S, Niza-Ribeiro J, Roch FF, Rosenbaum Nielsen L, Saez JL, Nielsen SS, van Schaik G, Schwan E, Sekovska B, Starič J, Strain S, Šatran P, Šerić-Haračić S, Tamminen LM, Thulke HH, Toplak I, Tuunainen E, Verner S, Vilček Š, Yildiz R, Santman-Berends IMGA. Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:688078. [PMID: 34395571 PMCID: PMC8361752 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.688078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for selected cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A selected cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of the selected cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Jakob Hodnik
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žaklin Acinger-Rogić
- Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mentor Alishani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Albania
| | - Tiina Autio
- Finnish Food Authority, Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Animal Health Department, University of León, León, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of León, León, Spain
| | - John Berezowski
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Chaligiannis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lina Costa
- Department of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Iskra Cvetkovikj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Ivana Davidov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Igor Djadjovski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Elsa Leclerc Duarte
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jenny Frössling
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Jörn Gethmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Animal Health and Production Unit, National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Ireland
| | | | - George J Gunn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine K Henry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Petter Hopp
- Section of Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Houe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Irimia
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Jožica Ježek
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Kalaitzakis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jasmeet Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Selcuk Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public and One (Integrated) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Kaspars Kovalenko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Lifesciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Nada Kneževič
- Podravka Food Industry, Research and Development, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Tanja Knific
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Alvydas Malakauskas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rene Mandelik
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public and One (Integrated) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Madalina Mincu
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Kerli Mõtus
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Violeta Muñoz-Gómez
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jelena Nikitović
- Institute for Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - László Ózsvári
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sinikka Pelkonen
- Finnish Food Authority, Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Nicola Pozzato
- Laboratorio di Medicina Forense Veterinaria, Struttura Complessa Territoriale 1 - Verona e Vicenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eglé Rapaliuté
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - João Niza-Ribeiro
- Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | | | - Blagica Sekovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sam Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Šatran
- State Veterinary Administration, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sabina Šerić-Haračić
- Animal Health Economics Department, Veterinary Faculty of the University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Hans-Hermann Thulke
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Sharon Verner
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Štefan Vilček
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Inge M G A Santman-Berends
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Juste RA, Geijo MV, Elguezabal N, Sevilla IA, Alonso-Hearn M, Garrido JM. Paratuberculosis vaccination specific and non-specific effects on cattle lifespan. Vaccine 2021; 39:1631-1641. [PMID: 33597115 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Records of cattle vaccination against paratuberculosis (PTB) have been analyzed to determine whether or not non-specific effect (NSE) on overall mortality similar to that observed in BCG vaccinated humans occurs in animals. The results of a previously reported slaughterhouse study on PTB prevalence were used as a reference on the age incidence of advanced patent (clinical) epidemio-pathogenic forms. In the proper vaccine study, cows in 30 cattle farms in the Basque Country, Spain were followed-up for between 1 and 13 years. Vaccinated groups were composed by 1008 (592 right-censored) animals younger than 3 months treated as calves and by 3761 (3160 right-censored) vaccinated at any older age. Controls were 339 (157 right-censored) and 4592 (2213 right-censored) age matched animals, respectively. Individual last year presence in the annual testing was considered age at culling or death. A survival analysis was carried out according age at vaccination of vaccinated versus non-vaccinated animals. PTB age incidence in the slaughterhouse study was subtracted from the difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals at the same age in order to estimate PTB-specific and non-specific effects. The maximum difference was observed at the 2-3 years interval with a 33.9% mortality reduction in the calf vaccinated group. This corresponded also with the maximum NSE that was 24.5% for a PTB incidence of 9.5%. Overall, vaccination afforded to calves a 26.5% yearly mortality protection, split between 11.1% PTB-specific and 15.4% NSE. These results support a NSE on total mortality associated with PTB vaccination that appeared to persist for up to 6-7 years. This confirms for the first time in an animal field study the innate immune system memory predicted by the recently proposed trained immunity theory. Contrasting the literature, no deleterious effects of killed vaccines on females were observed. Mortality reduction would offset vaccination costs and could improve livestock systems efficiency and potentially reduce antibiotic use. Clinical trial registered with Spanish Agency for Drugs and Sanitary products (AEMPS) as 11/012/ECV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain; SERIDA, Agrifood Regional Research and Development Service, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| | - M V Geijo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - N Elguezabal
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - I A Sevilla
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - M Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - J M Garrido
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, p-812, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Canive M, Casais R, Jimenez JA, Blanco-Vazquez C, Amado J, Garrido JM, Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M. Correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine CD209, SLC11A1, SP110 and TLR2 genes and estimated breeding values for several traits in Spanish Holstein cattle. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04254. [PMID: 32642571 PMCID: PMC7334237 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the correlations between the genetic susceptibility/resistance to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) infection and the estimated breeding values for type, production and functional traits. Previously, we identified 70 combinations of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four bovine innate immune genes (SLC11A1, SP110, TLR2, CD209) that are associated with the genetic risk of paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease progression, which can be graded as low (LOWIN), latent (LATIN), or patent (PATIN) risk. Other possible combinations of these 5 SNPs were grouped in the average group (AVERIN). In the current study, differences in estimated breeding values (EBVs) for several traits were analyzed using linear models in a large cohort of Holstein cows (N = 15656) genotyped across Spain in 2016 or 2017. After the assignment of each genotyped cow to a risk group, cows within the PATIN risk group (N = 1448) had a superior combined genetic index (2797.57), type genetic index (524.62), milk yield (653.92 kg), protein yield (21.77 kg), fat yield (24.82 kg) and economic merit index (125 Euros) compared with the other three risk groups. Statistically significant differences in the longevity scores between the cows that were included in the PATIN risk group (108.85) and the LOWIN (107.82) and AVERIN (107.92) groups were also observed. The associations between the genetic risk groups and PTB diagnostic results were validated in a population of 99 cows from a Spanish farm with a high prevalence of PTB. Significant differences in ELISA readings between the PATIN (65.49 %) and the AVERIN (15.97 %), LATIN (2.11 %), and LOWIN (3.27 %) groups were observed. In addition, significant differences in Map DNA copies/gram of feces were observed between the PATIN and the other three risk groups. These results together with the substantial economic impact of PTB in dairy cattle support the selection of the animals with less susceptibility to PTB in the Spanish breeding program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Canive
- NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Department of Animal Health, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Center of Animal Biotechnology, SERIDA-Regional Service of Agri-Food Research and Development, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose A Jimenez
- CONAFE, Spanish Federation of Holstein Cattle, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Vazquez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology, SERIDA-Regional Service of Agri-Food Research and Development, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Javier Amado
- Department of Microbiology, LSAPA-Animal Health Laboratory of the Principality of Asturias, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Department of Animal Health, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Department of Animal Health, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Center of Animal Biotechnology, SERIDA-Regional Service of Agri-Food Research and Development, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- NEIKER- Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Department of Animal Health, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alonso-Hearn M, Magombedze G, Abendaño N, Landin M, Juste RA. Deciphering the virulence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates in animal macrophages using mathematical models. J Theor Biol 2019; 468:82-91. [PMID: 30794839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding why pathogenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) isolates cause disparate disease outcomes with differing magnitudes of severity is important in designing and implementing new control strategies. We applied a suite of mathematical models: i) general linear, ii) and neurofuzzy logic, to explain how the host of origin of several Map isolates, Map genotype, host, macrophage-based in vitro model and time post-infection contributed to the infection. A logistic growth ordinary differential equation (ODE) model was applied to estimate within macrophage growth rates for the different Map isolates. The models revealed different susceptibilities of bovine and ovine macrophages to Map infection and confirmed distinct virulence profiles for the isolates, judged by their ability to grow within macrophages. Ovine macrophages were able to internalize Map isolates more efficiently than bovine macrophages. While bovine macrophages were able to internalize Map isolates from cattle with more efficiency, ovine macrophages were more efficient in internalizing ovine isolates. Overall, Map isolates from goat and sheep grew minimally within macrophages or did not grow but were able to persist by maintaining its initial population. In contrast, the ability of the bovine isolates and the non-domesticated animal isolates to grow to higher CFU numbers within macrophages suggests that these isolates are more virulent than the sheep and goat isolates, or that these isolates are better adapted to infect domestic ruminants. Overall, our study confirms the different virulence levels for the Map isolates and susceptibility profiles of host macrophages, which is crucial in increasing our understanding of Map infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Gesham Magombedze
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor University Medical Center, 75204 Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balseiro A, Perez V, Juste RA. Chronic regional intestinal inflammatory disease: A trans-species slow infection? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 62:88-100. [PMID: 30711052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in humans and paratuberculosis in domestic and wild ruminants can be defined as chronic regional intestinal inflammatory diseases (CRIID). This review is a literature overview on these diseases in humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats, rabbits, equids and ruminants with a focus on pathological and microbiological features aimed identifying common characteristics that could lead to a unified pathological classification for a better understanding of their mechanisms and causes. The result is a framework of inflammatory forms throughout the different species indicative of common mechanisms of the slow infection type characterized by a time course varying from weeks to months or even years, and where the inflammatory component would be more prominent in the intestinal interphase between host and environment and be morphologically characterized by an infiltrate ranging from lymphoplasmacytic to histiocytic. This should provide new insights for causation demonstration and therapeutic approaches in human IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Balseiro
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Valentin Perez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Direccion. Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fernández-Vega I, Díaz-Lucena D, Azkune Calle I, Geijo M, Juste RA, Llorens F, Vicente Etxenausia I, Santos-Juanes J, Zarranz Imirizaldu JJ, Ferrer I. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with glial PrP Res nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity. Neuropathology 2018; 38:561-567. [PMID: 30123962 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrPRes ) nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity in oligodendrocytes of the frontal cortex is found in one case of otherwise typical sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) type VV2a. The PrP nature of the inclusions is validated with several anti-PrP antibodies directed to amino acids 130-160 (12F10), 109-112 (3F4), 97-102 (8G8) and the octarepeat region (amino acids 59-89: SAF32). Cellular identification and subcellular localization were evaluated with double- and triple-labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy using antibodies against PrP, glial markers, and histone H3. Based on review of the literature and our own experience, this is a very odd situation that deserves further validation in other cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fernández-Vega
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria, Spain.,Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Araba, Biobanco Vasco para la Investigación (O+eHun), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Daniela Díaz-Lucena
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Maria Geijo
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Spain
| | - Franc Llorens
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ikerne Vicente Etxenausia
- Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Araba, Biobanco Vasco para la Investigación (O+eHun), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jorge Santos-Juanes
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Isidro Ferrer
- Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dalton KP, Balseiro A, Juste RA, Podadera A, Nicieza I, Del Llano D, González R, Martin Alonso JM, Prieto JM, Parra F, Casais R. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:24-32. [PMID: 29885797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RHDVb has become the dominant RHDV on the Iberian Peninsula. A better understanding of its pathogenicity is required to aid control measures. Thus, the clinical course, humoral immune response, viraemia and kinetics of RHDV-N11 (a Spanish RHDVb isolate) infection in different tissues at both viral RNA and protein levels were studied in experimentally infected young and adult rabbits. The case fatality rate differed between the two age groups, with 21% of kits succumbing while no deaths were observed in adults. Fever and viremia were strongly associated with death, which occurred 48 h post infection (PI) too fast for an effective humoral immune response to be mounted. A significant effect on the number of viral RNA copies with regard to the variables age, tissue and time PI (p < 0.0001 in all cases) was detected. Histological lesions in infected rabbits were consistently more frequent and severe in liver and spleen and additionally intestine in kits, these tissues containing the highest levels of viral RNA and protein. Although no adults showed lesions or virus antigen in intestine, both kits and adults maintained steady viral RNA levels from days 1 to 7 PI in this organ. Analysis revealed the fecal route as the main dissemination route of RHDV-N11. Subclinically infected rabbits had detectable viral RNA in their faeces for up to seven days and thus may play an important role spreading the virus. This study allows a better understanding of the transmission of this virus and improvement of the control strategies for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K P Dalton
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Balseiro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - R A Juste
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - A Podadera
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - I Nicieza
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - D Del Llano
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - R González
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - J M Martin Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J M Prieto
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - F Parra
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - R Casais
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuenstner JT, Naser S, Chamberlin W, Borody T, Graham DY, McNees A, Hermon-Taylor J, Hermon-Taylor A, Dow CT, Thayer W, Biesecker J, Collins MT, Sechi LA, Singh SV, Zhang P, Shafran I, Weg S, Telega G, Rothstein R, Oken H, Schimpff S, Bach H, Bull T, Grant I, Ellingson J, Dahmen H, Lipton J, Gupta S, Chaubey K, Singh M, Agarwal P, Kumar A, Misri J, Sohal J, Dhama K, Hemati Z, Davis W, Hier M, Aitken J, Pierce E, Parrish N, Goldberg N, Kali M, Bendre S, Agrawal G, Baldassano R, Linn P, Sweeney RW, Fecteau M, Hofstaedter C, Potula R, Timofeeva O, Geier S, John K, Zayanni N, Malaty HM, Kahlenborn C, Kravitz A, Bulfon A, Daskalopoulos G, Mitchell H, Neilan B, Timms V, Cossu D, Mameli G, Angermeier P, Jelic T, Goethe R, Juste RA, Kuenstner L. The Consensus from the Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Conference 2017. Front Public Health 2017; 5:208. [PMID: 29021977 PMCID: PMC5623710 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
On March 24 and 25, 2017 researchers and clinicians from around the world met at Temple University in Philadelphia to discuss the current knowledge of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and its relationship to human disease. The conference was held because of shared concern that MAP is a zoonotic bacterium that poses a threat not only to animal health but also human health. In order to further study this problem, the conferees discussed ways to improve MAP diagnostic tests and discussed potential future anti-MAP clinical trials. The conference proceedings may be viewed on the www.Humanpara.org website. A summary of the salient work in this field is followed by recommendations from a majority of the conferees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Todd Kuenstner
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Saleh Naser
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Thomas Borody
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Y Graham
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adrienne McNees
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - C Thomas Dow
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Walter Thayer
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Biesecker
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peilin Zhang
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ira Shafran
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stuart Weg
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Grzegorz Telega
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert Rothstein
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Harry Oken
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Schimpff
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Horacio Bach
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tim Bull
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irene Grant
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jay Ellingson
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heinrich Dahmen
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judith Lipton
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kundan Chaubey
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manju Singh
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Prabhat Agarwal
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jagdip Sohal
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zahra Hemati
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Davis
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Hier
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Aitken
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ellen Pierce
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole Parrish
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Neil Goldberg
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maher Kali
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sachin Bendre
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gaurav Agrawal
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Preston Linn
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Marie Fecteau
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Raghava Potula
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Olga Timofeeva
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Steven Geier
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kuruvilla John
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Najah Zayanni
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hoda M Malaty
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Amanda Kravitz
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adriano Bulfon
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Hazel Mitchell
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brett Neilan
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Verlaine Timms
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Davide Cossu
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Mameli
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paul Angermeier
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tomislav Jelic
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lauren Kuenstner
- Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Espeschit IF, Schwarz DGG, Faria ACS, Souza MCC, Paolicchi FA, Juste RA, Carvalho IA, Moreira MAS. Paratuberculosis in Latin America: a systematic review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1557-1576. [PMID: 28884331 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Latin America is the definition of the American group, where languages of Latin origin are spoken, including countries in South, Central, and North America. Paratuberculosis is a gastrointestinal contagious chronic disease that affects ruminants, whose etiological agent is the bacilli Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Paratuberculosis is characterized by intermittent diarrhea, decreased milk production, dehydration, and progressive weight loss and is possibly involved in Crohn's disease, a human intestinal disease. MAP is resistant to environmental factors, pasteurization, and water disinfection, which coupled with the subclinical-clinical nature of the disease, and makes paratuberculosis a relevant socioeconomic and public health issue, justifying the descriptive review of research on the disease carried out in Latin American countries. A survey of articles, published until September 2016, on the Scopus database, PubMed, Agris, and Science Direct, about detection of the agent and the disease in Latin America, without restrictions to the date of the research was performed. The keywords were as follows: "paratuberculosis," "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis," "cattle," "milk," "wildlife," "goat," "ovine," "dairy," and the name of each country in English. Studies found from nine of the 20 Latin America countries, 31 related to Brazil, 17 to Argentina, 14 to Chile, eight to Colombia, six to Mexico, two to Peru, two to Venezuela, and one to Panama and to Bolivia, each. The agent was detected in cattle, goats, sheep, domesticated water buffalo, and wild animals. Microbiological culture, PCR, and ELISA were the frequent techniques. The small number of studies may result in overestimation or underestimation of the real scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I F Espeschit
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases; Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, PH Rolfs Avenue, University campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - D G G Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases; Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, PH Rolfs Avenue, University campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - A C S Faria
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases; Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, PH Rolfs Avenue, University campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - M C C Souza
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases; Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, PH Rolfs Avenue, University campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - F A Paolicchi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologı́a Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Mar del Plata National University, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - R A Juste
- SERIDA, Ctra. Oviedo sn, 33300, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - I A Carvalho
- Pathology Department; Veterinary School, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Campus São Luís, São Luís, Brazil
| | - M A S Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases; Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, PH Rolfs Avenue, University campus, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roy A, Risalde MA, Casal C, Romero B, de Juan L, Menshawy AM, Díez-Guerrier A, Juste RA, Garrido JM, Sevilla IA, Gortázar C, Domínguez L, Bezos J. Oral Vaccination with Heat-Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Does Not Interfere with the Antemortem Diagnostic Techniques for Tuberculosis in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:124. [PMID: 28824927 PMCID: PMC5545688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) is prohibited in cattle or other species subjected to specific TB eradication campaigns, due to the interference that it may cause with the official diagnostic tests. However, immunization with a heat-inactivated (HI) Mycobacterium bovis vaccine via the oral route has been suggested to overcome this issue. In this study, the main goal was to assess the interference of the HI vaccine by different routes of administration using a previous vaccination and re-vaccination (boosting) protocol. TB-free kid goats were divided into three groups: oral (n = 16), intramuscular (IM; n = 16), and control (n = 16). Results showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage of animals positive to the single intradermal test (SIT) and blood based interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) caused by vaccination when performed in the IM group compared to the oral group (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, no positivity to the SIT or IGRA test was observed in orally vaccinated goats regardless of the different interpretation criteria applied. None of the groups presented positive antibody titers using an in-house ELISA and samples collected 2 months after the boost. These results suggest the potential usefulness of the HI vaccine by the oral route in goats to minimize the interference on diagnostic tests (skin and IGRA tests) and reducing the necessity of defined antigens to replace the traditional purified protein derivatives for diagnosis. Finally, the results pave the way to future efficacy studies in goats using different routes of HI vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Roy
- CZ Veterinaria S.A., Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Casal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed M Menshawy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,MAEVA SERVET S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,MAEVA SERVET S.L., Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Salinas LM, Casais R, García Marín JF, Dalton KP, Royo LJ, Del Cerro A, Gayo E, Dagleish MP, Juste RA, Balseiro A. Lambs are Susceptible to Experimental Challenge with Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus. J Comp Pathol 2017; 156:400-408. [PMID: 28433396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, and causes encephalomyelitis in goats. The aim of this study was to determine whether sheep are susceptible to experimental challenge with SGEV by two different routes. The results show that SGEV can infect sheep by both the subcutaneous and intravenous routes, resulting in neurological clinical disease with extensive and severe histological lesions in the central nervous system. Lambs challenged subcutaneously developed more severe lesions on the ipsilateral side of the brain, but the lesion morphology was similar irrespective of the route of challenge. The clinical presentation, pathogenesis, lesion morphology and distribution shows that SGEV is very similar to louping ill virus (LIV) and therefore any disease control plan must take into account any host species and SGEV vectors as potential reservoirs. Furthermore, discriminatory diagnostics need to be applied to any sheep or goat suspected of disease due to any flavivirus in areas where SGEV and LIV co-exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Salinas
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - R Casais
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - J F García Marín
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - K P Dalton
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - L J Royo
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Del Cerro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - E Gayo
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Near Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - R A Juste
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Balseiro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alonso-Hearn M, Abendaño N, Ruvira MA, Aznar R, Landin M, Juste RA. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) Fatty Acids Profile Is Strain-Dependent and Changes Upon Host Macrophages Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:89. [PMID: 28377904 PMCID: PMC5359295 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). We previously demonstrated that Map isolates from sheep persisted within host macrophages in lower CFUs than cattle isolates after 7 days of infection. In the current study, we hypothesize that these phenotypic differences between Map isolates may be driven be the fatty acids (FAs) present on the phosphadidyl-1-myo-inositol mannosides of the Map cell wall that mediate recognition by the mannose receptors of host macrophages. FAs modifications may influence Map's envelope fluidity ultimately affecting pathogenicity. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the responses of two Map isolates from cattle (K10 isolate) and sheep (2349/06-1) to the bovine and ovine macrophage environment by measuring the FAs content of extracellular and intracellular bacteria. For this purpose, macrophages cell lines of bovine (BOMAC) and ovine (MOCL-4) origin were infected with the two isolates of Map for 4 days at 37°C. The relative FAs composition of the two isolates recovered from infected BOMAC and MOCL-4 cells was determined by gas chromatography and compared with that of extracellular bacteria and that of bacteria grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium. Using this approach, we demonstrated that the FAs composition of extracellular and 7H9-grown bacteria was highly conserved within each Map isolate, and statistically different from that of intracellular bacteria. Analysis of FAs composition from extracellular bacteria enabled the distinction of the two Map strains based on the presence of the tuberculostearic acid (18:0 10Me) exclusively in the K10 strain of Map. In addition, significant differences in the content of Palmitic acid and cis-7 Palmitoleic acid between both isolates harvested from the extracellular environment were observed. Once the infection established itself in BOMAC and MOCL-4 cells, the FAs profiles of both Map isolates appeared conserved. Our results suggest that the FAs composition of Map might influence its recognition by macrophages and influence the survival of the bacillus within host macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Technological Park of Bizkaia Derio, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Technological Park of Bizkaia Derio, Spain
| | - Maria A Ruvira
- Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Parc Científic Universitat de València Paterna, Spain
| | - Rosa Aznar
- Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Parc Científic Universitat de València Paterna, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Technological Park of BizkaiaDerio, Spain; Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Agri-Food Research and Development Regional ServiceVillaviciosa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lopez-Oceja A, Gamarra D, Cardoso S, Palencia-Madrid L, Juste RA, De Pancorbo MM. Two ovine mitochondrial DNAs harboring a fifth 75/76 bp repeat motif without altered gene expression in Northern Spain. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:869-875. [PMID: 27990652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Basque Country is home to the Latxa sheep breed, which is divided in several varieties such as Latxa Black Face (LBKF) and Latxa Blonde Face (LBLF). Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis of 174 male sheep (97 LBKF and 77 LBLF) was performed with the objective of characterizing the maternal lineages of these two varieties that are the basis to produce the cheese with Idiazabal quality label. The percentage of unique haplotypes was 77.32% in LBKF and 67.53% in LBLF. Most of the individuals were classified into B haplogroup (98.85%), while A haplogroup was much less frequent. Two Latxa individuals (one LBKF and one LBLF), both belonging to B haplogroup, displayed an additional 75/76 bp tandem repeat motif. Only 33 other sequences with this repeat motif were found among 11 061 sheep sequences included in the GenBank database. Gene expression was analyzed in peripheral blood leukocytes since the additional 75/76 bp repeat motif falls within ETAS1, a domain with a possible function in regulation of replication and transcription. The mRNA expression from four mitochondrial genes (COI, cyt b, ND1, and ND2) was analyzed in the two individuals of this study with a fifth repeat motif and in four without it. Although lower transcription was observed when the additional 75/76 bp repeat motif was present, no statistically significant differences were observed. Therefore, the variation in the number of the 75/76 repeat motif does not seem to modify the gene expression rate in mitochondrial genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lopez-Oceja
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - D Gamarra
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - S Cardoso
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - R A Juste
- Animal Health Department, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M M De Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moreno B, Aduriz G, Garrido JM, Sevilla I, Juste RA. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in a pet Korean squirrel (Sciuris vulgaris coreae). Vet Pathol 2016; 44:123-5. [PMID: 17197638 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-1-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection was diagnosed in a pet Korean squirrel. Grossly, multiple small nodules in the lung, liver, spleen, and skin were observed. Adrenal glands were very enlarged. The only tissue exhibiting necrosis and calcification was a very enlarged bronchial lymph node. The remaining lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. Moderate ascites was also observed. Microscopically, a disseminated granulomatous inflammation with numerous lymphocytes was seen. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in macrophages, in giant cells, free in the interstitium, and in some lymphatic vessels, both within cells and free in the lumen. M. avium subsp. avium was isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Moreno
- Neiker (Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario), Berreaga 1, 48160-Derio Bizkaia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Juste RA, Garrido JM, Geijo M, Elguezabal N, Aduriz G, Atxaerandio R, Sevilla I. Comparison of Blood Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection in Cattle and Sheep. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 17:354-9. [PMID: 16130994 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out to compare the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle and sheep. For cattle, a set of 278 samples from 1 paratuberculosis-affected Friesian farm was used; it included 80 ELISA-positive samples and 198 ELISA-negative samples from an age-matched group. Ninety-four samples were from heifers and 184 were from 2–5-year-old cows. The overall analysis showed a clear association (Fisher exact test [FET] P = 0.0049) but a weak negative agreement (45.3%, kappa = −0.1665 ± 0.0994) between the 2 tests. It reflected a moderate agreement among heifers (87.7%, kappa = 0.4471 ± 0.2435) and a moderate disagreement among cows (62.7%, kappa = −0.3670 ± 0.1057). For sheep, 496 blood samples from 53 Latxa dairy flocks were used; 180 of the blood samples were from dam/offspring pairs. The overall association between the 2 tests on ovine samples was strong (FET, P = 0.0005), whereas the agreement was low (kappa = 0.1622 ± 0.1188). There was slightly better agreement for ewes (kappa = 0.2135 ± 0.1992) than for lambs (kappa = 0.1193 ± 0.1301). There was also a highly unlikely proportion of dam/offspring positive results (FET, P < 0.0001, kappa = 0.6269 ± 0.1854). Four of 6 lambs that were necropsied 1 year after testing had paratuberculosis microscopic lesions in the ileocecal valve (3 lambs) or a PCR-positive result (4 lambs). These results suggest that blood PCR testing might be a potentially useful new approach in paratuberculosis diagnosis, especially in young animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A Juste
- Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (NEIKER), Berreaga, 1, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arrazuria R, Elguezabal N, Juste RA, Derakhshani H, Khafipour E. Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection Modifies Gut Microbiota under Different Dietary Conditions in a Rabbit Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:446. [PMID: 27065994 PMCID: PMC4815054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) the causative agent of paratuberculosis, produces a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. It has been recently suggested that MAP infection may be associated with dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in ruminants. Since diet is one of the key factors affecting the balance of microbial populations in the digestive tract, we intended to evaluate the effect of MAP infection in a rabbit model fed a regular or high fiber diet during challenge. The composition of microbiota of the cecal content and the sacculus rotundus was studied in 20 New Zealand white female rabbits. The extracted DNA was subjected to paired-end Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene for microbiota analysis. Microbial richness (Chao1) in the cecal content was significantly increased by MAP infection in regular diet rabbits (p = 0.0043) and marginally increased (p = 0.0503) in the high fiber group. Analysis of beta-diversity showed that MAP infection produces deeper changes in the microbiota of sacculus rotundus than in the cecal content. A lower abundance of Proteobacteria in the cecal content of infected animals fed the high fiber diet and also lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in the sacculus rotundus of infected animals fed the regular diet were observed. Based on OPLS-DA analysis, we observed that some bacteria repeatedly appear to be positively associated with infection in different samples under different diets (families Dehalobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Mogibacteriaceae; genus Anaerofustis). The same phenomenon was observed with some of the bacteria negatively associated with MAP infection (genera Anaerostipes and Coprobacillus). However, other groups of bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae family and ML615J-28 order) were positively associated with infection in some circumstances and negatively associated with infection in others. Data demonstrate that MAP infection and diet changes do interact and result in shifts in the microbiota of the cecal content and sacculus rotundus of rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario Derio, Spain
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario Derio, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario Derio, Spain
| | - Hooman Derakhshani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arrazuria R, Juste RA, Elguezabal N. Mycobacterial Infections in Rabbits: From the Wild to the Laboratory. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1045-1058. [PMID: 26799551 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous mycobacterial diseases such as leprosy and tuberculosis are ancient diseases that currently continue threatening human health in some countries. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections cause a series of well-defined pathological entities, as well as some opportunistic diseases that have also increased worldwide, being more common among immunocompromised patients but rising also in immunocompetent individuals. Reports on natural infections by mycobacteria in rabbits are scarce and mainly involve NTM such as Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in pigmy rabbits in the United States and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in Europe. Rabbits have been used as laboratory animals through the years, both to generate immunological reagents and as infection models. Mycobacterial infection models have been developed in this animal species showing different susceptibility patterns to mycobacteria in laboratory conditions. The latent tuberculosis model and the cavitary tuberculosis model have been widely used to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and to evaluate chemotherapy and vaccination strategies. Rabbits have also been used as bovine paratuberculosis infection models. This review aimed to gather both wildlife and experimental infection data on mycobacteriosis in rabbits to assess their role in the spread of these infections as well as their potential use in the experimental study of mycobacterial pathogenesis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Arrazuria
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R A Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - N Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Minguijón E, Reina R, Pérez M, Polledo L, Villoria M, Ramírez H, Leginagoikoa I, Badiola JJ, García-Marín JF, de Andrés D, Luján L, Amorena B, Juste RA. Small ruminant lentivirus infections and diseases. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:75-89. [PMID: 26371852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses include viruses with diverse genotypes that frequently cross the species barrier between sheep and goats and that display a great genetic variability. These characteristics stress the need to consider the whole host range and to perform local surveillance of the viruses to opt for optimum diagnostic tests, in order to establish control programmes. In the absence of effective vaccines, a comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiology of these infections is of major importance to limit their spread. This article intends to cover these aspects and to summarise information related to characteristics of the viruses, pathogenesis of the infection and description of the various syndromes produced, as well as the diagnostic tools available, the mechanisms involved in transmission of the pathogens and, finally, the control strategies that have been designed until now, with remarks on the drawbacks and the advantages of each one. We conclude that there are many variables influencing the expected cost and benefits of control programs that must be evaluated, in order to put into practice measures that might lead to control of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Minguijón
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - R Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - M Pérez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics. University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Polledo
- Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - M Villoria
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - H Ramírez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. UNAM. Laboratorio de Virología, Genética y Biología Molecular, Campo 4. Veterinaria.Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Km 2.5. San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP.54714 Mexico
| | - I Leginagoikoa
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J J Badiola
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J F García-Marín
- Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - D de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - L Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - B Amorena
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - R A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fernández-Vega I, Ruiz-Ojeda J, Juste RA, Geijo M, Zarranz JJ, Sánchez Menoyo JL, Vicente-Etxenausia I, Mediavilla-García J, Guerra-Merino I. Coexistence of mixed phenotype Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Lewy body disease and argyrophilic grain disease plus histological features of possible Alzheimer's disease: a multi-protein disorder in an autopsy case. Neuropathology 2014; 35:56-63. [PMID: 25186620 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report hereby an autopsy case of sporadic mixed phenotype CJD without hereditary burden and a long-term clinical course. An 80-year old man was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment 27 months before death, caused by bronchopneumonia and severe respiratory impairment. During this time, the patient developed gradual mental deterioration, some sleeping problems and myoclonus. Other clinical manifestations were progressive gait problems, language deterioration, presence of primitive reflexes and irritability. In keeping with those symptoms, a rapidly evolving dementia was clinically suspected. Cerebrospinal fluid test for 14-3-3 protein was negative. However, an abnormal EEG and MRI at end-stage of disease were finally consistent with CJD. Post-mortem examination revealed a massive cortical neuronal loss with associated reactive astrocytosis, also evident in the white matter. Diffuse spongiform changes involving some basal ganglia, especially medial thalamus, some troncoencephalic nuclei, mainly inferior olivary nucleus and the molecular layer of the cerebellum were seen. Immunorreactive deposits for anti-prion protein antibody were present at different areas of the CNS. Additionally, Lewy bodies were observed at the brainstem and amygdala. Furthermore, argirophilic grains together with oligodendroglial coiled bodies and pre-tangle inclusions in the neurons from the limbic system containing hyperphosphorylated 4R tau were noted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of CJD combined with Lewy body disease and argirophilic grain disease. Furthermore, we believe this case is an extremely rare combination of MM2-cortical-type and MM2-thalamic-type sporadic CJD (sCJD), which explains the broad spectrum of MM2-type sCJD findings and symptoms. Moreover, histological features of possible Alzheimer's disease were also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernández-Vega
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Araba, Álava, Spain; Biobanco Vasco para la Investigación (O+eHun), Brain Bank Hospital Universitario Araba, Álava, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Arrausi-Subiza M, Ibabe JC, Atxaerandio R, Juste RA, Barral M. Evaluation of different enrichment methods for pathogenic Yersinia species detection by real time PCR. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:192. [PMID: 25168886 PMCID: PMC4152762 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersiniosis is a zoonotic disease reported worldwide. Culture and PCR based protocols are the most common used methods for detection of pathogenic Yersinia species in animal samples. PCR sensitivity could be increased by an initial enrichment step. This step is particularly useful in surveillance programs, where PCR is applied to samples from asymptomatic animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement in pathogenic Yersinia species detection using a suitable enrichment method prior to the real time PCR (rtPCR). Nine different enrichment protocols were evaluated including six different broth mediums (CASO, ITC, PSB, PBS, PBSMSB and PBSSSB). RESULTS The analysis of variance showed significant differences in Yersinia detection by rtPCR according to the enrichment protocol used. These differences were higher for Y. pseudotuberculosis than for Y. enterocolitica. In general, samples incubated at lower temperatures yielded the highest detection rates. The best results were obtained with PBSMSB and PBS2. Application of PBSMSB protocol to free-ranging wild board samples improved the detection of Y. enterocolitica by 21.2% when compared with direct rtPCR. Y. pseudotuberculosis detection was improved by 10.6% when results obtained by direct rtPCR and by PBSMSB enrichment before rtPCR were analyzed in combination. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in the present study indicate a difference in Yersinia detection by rtPCR related to the enrichment protocol used, being PBSMSB enrichment during 15 days at 4°C and PBS during 7 days at 4°C the most efficient. The use of direct rtPCR in combination with PBSMSB enrichment prior to rtPCR resulted in an improvement in the detection rates of pathogenic Yersinia in wild boar and could be useful for application in other animal samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Arrausi-Subiza
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, Derio-Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Ibabe
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, Derio-Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| | - Raquel Atxaerandio
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, Derio-Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, Derio-Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (NEIKER), Berreaga 1, Derio-Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prieto JM, Balseiro A, Casais R, Abendaño N, Fitzgerald LE, Garrido JM, Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M. Sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fallow deer. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2014; 21:1077-85. [PMID: 24872517 PMCID: PMC4135915 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00159-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. However, commercial ELISAs have not been validated for detecting antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animals. In this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five ELISAs using individual serum samples collected from 41 fallow deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratuberculosis. Two target antigenic preparations were selected, an ethanol-treated protoplasmic preparation obtained from a fallow deer M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolate (ELISAs A and B) and a paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen (PPA3) (ELISAs C and D). Fallow deer antibodies bound to the immobilized antigens were detected by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-fallow deer IgG antibody (ELISAs A and C) or HRP-conjugated protein G (ELISAs B and D). A commercially available assay, ELISA-E, which was designed to detect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats, was also tested. Although ELISAs A, C, and E had the same sensitivity (72%), ELISAs A and C were more specific (100%) for detecting fallow deer with lesions consistent with paratuberculosis at necropsy than was the ELISA-E (87.5%). In addition, the ELISA-A was particularly sensitive for detecting fallow deer in the latent stages of infection (62.5%). The antibody responses detected with the ELISA-A correlated with both the severity of enteric lesions and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in gut tissue samples. In summary, our study shows that the ELISA-A can be a cost-effective diagnostic tool for preventing the spread of paratuberculosis among fallow deer populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Prieto
- Department of Animal Health, Department of Agriculture of the Regional Government of the Principality of Asturias, SERIDA, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Department of Animal Health, Department of Agriculture of the Regional Government of the Principality of Asturias, SERIDA, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Department of Animal Health, Department of Agriculture of the Regional Government of the Principality of Asturias, SERIDA, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Liam E Fitzgerald
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vazquez P, Garrido JM, Juste RA. Specific antibody and interferon-gamma responses associated with immunopathological forms of bovine paratuberculosis in slaughtered Friesian cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64568. [PMID: 23724062 PMCID: PMC3665815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory regional enteritis in ruminants. Cell-mediated immune responses are assumed to be protective and therefore, to be associated with its more delimited lesion types, while humoral responses are mainly associated with diffuse histopathological lesions. However, this duality of immune responses has been recently questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between both types of immunological responses and the type and extension of intestinal lesions and the presence of MAP in bovine tissues. Standard histopathological examinations, two microbiological procedures (culture and real time PCR (rtPCR)), as well as MAP specific antibody and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) were performed on tissues and blood of 333 slaughtered Holstein-Friesian animals. Paratuberculous lesions were observed in 176 (52.9%) of the animals and overall MAP detection rates were estimated at 13.5% and 28.5% for tissue culture and rtPCR, respectively. Unlike the relatively constant non-specific IFN-γ release, both the antibody levels and the specific IFN-γ release significantly increased with tissue damage. Delimited immunopathological forms, which accounted for 93.2% of all forms, were mostly related to positive testing in the IGRA (38.4%) whereas diffuse ones (6.8%) were associated with antibody seropositivity (91.7%). However, since the frequency of positive immune responses in both tests increased as the lesions severity increased, polarization of Th1/Th2 responses was less prominent than expected. MAP was detected in the majority of ELISA-positive animals (culture+: 90%, rtPCR+: 85%) but the bacteria was only confirmed in the 36.1% of IGRA-positive animals by any of the two microbiological tests. In terms of diagnosis, the antibody test was a good indicator of advanced tissue damage (diffuse forms), but the IGRA did not associate well with more delimited forms or with MAP detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vazquez
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Ramon A. Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Delgado L, Marín JFG, Muñoz M, Benavides J, Juste RA, García-Pariente C, Fuertes M, González J, Ferreras MC, Pérez V. Pathological findings in young and adult sheep following experimental infection with 2 different doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:857-66. [PMID: 23390077 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813476066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) is assumed to infect young ruminants; however, little is known concerning the possibility of adult animals becoming infected. An experimental infection was conducted to establish the effect of age and doses of Map on susceptibility to paratuberculosis in sheep. Sixteen of twenty-four 1.5-month-old Churra lambs and 23 of 30 adult ewes (from 2-11 years old) were orally challenged with an ovine field strain of Map. Thirteen ewes and 8 lambs were infected with a high dose (HD) and 10 adult sheep and 8 lambs with a low dose (LD) of Map. The remaining animals were unchallenged controls. Animals were euthanized at 110 to 120 and 210 to 220 days postinfection. Histological, bacteriological, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies were conducted in samples of intestine and related lymphoid tissue (Peyer patches, lymph nodes). Animals were classified according to their lesions. The number of granulomas was counted in 3 tissue sections from each sample. Only the HD groups showed lesions associated with paratuberculosis (92.3% of ewes and 100% of lambs). Adults had lesions characterized by few small demarcated focal granulomas restricted to the lymphoid tissue, whereas granulomas were more numerous and larger, appearing in the lamina propria unrelated to lymphoid tissue, in the lambs. Only HD-infected lambs were positive to culture, whereas nested PCR also detected positive HD ewes and some LD animals. These results suggest that adult sheep can become infected by Map, as seen by the development of lesions, but they are focal and restricted to the lymphoid tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Delgado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abendaño N, Sevilla IA, Prieto JM, Garrido JM, Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates from sheep and goats show reduced persistence in bovine macrophages than cattle, bison, deer and wild boar strains regardless of genotype. Vet Microbiol 2013; 163:325-34. [PMID: 23415474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the virulence of isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) exhibiting distinct genotypes and isolated from different hosts may help to clarify the degree to which clinical manifestations of the disease in cattle can be attributed to bacterial or to host factors. The objective of this study was to test the ability of 10 isolates of Map representing distinct genotypes and isolated from domestic (cattle, sheep, and goat), and wildlife animal species (fallow deer, deer, wild boar, and bison) to enter and grow in bovine macrophages. The isolates were previously typed using IS1311 PCR followed by restriction endonuclease analysis into types C, S or B. Intracellular growth of the isolates in a bovine macrophage-like cell line (BoMac) and in primary bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) was evaluated by quantification of CFU numbers in the initial inoculum and inside of the host cells at 2h and 7 d p.i. using an automatic liquid culture system (Bactec MGIT 960). Individual data illustrated that growth was less variable in BoMac than in MDM cells. All the isolates from goat and sheep hosts persisted within BoMac cells in lower CFU numbers than the other tested isolates after 7 days of infection regardless of genotype. In addition, BoMac cells exhibited differential inflammatory, apoptotic and destructive responses when infected with a bovine or an ovine isolate; which correlated with the differential survival of these strains within BoMac cells. Our results indicated that the survival of the tested Map isolates within bovine macrophages is associated with the specific host from which the isolates were initially isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Animal Health, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Berreaga 1, Derio, E-48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ros-García A, García-Pérez AL, Verdera J, Juste RA, Hurtado A. Monitoring piroplasms infection in three cattle farms in Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) with previous history of clinical piroplamosis. Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:318-25. [PMID: 22884914 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine piroplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases caused by parasites of the genera Theileria and Babesia. Three Friesian cattle farms (F1-F3) with previous history of clinical piroplamosis were selected in Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Blood samples were collected from 8 to 11 animals every two months throughout a year and, a newly developed multiplex DNA bead-based suspension array based on the Luminex(®) xMAP technology was used to monitor for the presence of piroplasms. The assay incorporated probes for Babesia divergens, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia major, Babesia occultans, Theileria annulata and Theileria buffeli, and a Catch-all Theileria and Babesia (TB) control probe. An internal amplification control that was detected with a Luminex probe was also included to monitor for inhibition. Infection was detected in 87.5% of the samples, 38.7% as single infections and 48.8% as mixed infections. T. annulata was widespread in Farm F1, with all animals positive over the whole study; albeit less frequently, T. annulata was also detected in Farms F2 and F3. T. buffeli was the overall most prevalent piroplasm, with a wide distribution in Farms F2 and F3 but only occasionally detected in F1. B. bigemina was the most frequent Babesia species, but was absent from Farm F1. B. bovis, previously reported in Minorca, was only sporadically detected in F2 and F3. A further 3 Babesia species not previously found in Minorca were also identified: B. major present in the 3 farms; B. divergens detected once in 2 animals in F2; and B. occultans found in 4 animals in F2 and in 1 Hyalomma marginatum female tick collected from a positive animal. Sequencing confirmed the identity of B. occultans thus extending the distribution of this species to Mediterranean Europe. This study confirmed the endemic situation for piroplasm infection in the region and detected the presence of a large number of chronic asymptomatic carriers. More importantly, 3 Babesia species not previously detected in the region were detected for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ros-García
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Juste RA. Current strategies for eradication of paratuberculosis and issues in public health. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
33
|
Alonso-Hearn M, Molina E, Geijo M, Vazquez P, Sevilla IA, Garrido JM, Juste RA. Immunization of adult dairy cattle with a new heat-killed vaccine is associated with longer productive life prior to cows being sent to slaughter with suspected paratuberculosis. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:618-29. [PMID: 22281327 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new heat-killed Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) vaccine for control of premature culling in tuberculosis-free dairy cattle. Feces and gastrointestinal tissues were collected from 50 vaccinated cows and 38 nonvaccinated cows at slaughter and analyzed by bacteriological culture and histopathology. Vaccination was associated with a significant reduction of the frequency of vaccinated animals with MAP in feces and gut tissues compared with the nonvaccinated animals. In addition, the frequency of vaccinated animals with heavy bacterial load in gut tissues was 40% lower than the frequency of the nonvaccinated animals with the same MAP load. The peak age of paratuberculosis-associated culling was from 4.5 to 5 yr old (21%) in the vaccinated animals and from 3 to 4.5 yr old (60%) in the nonvaccinated animals. The vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals with suspected paratuberculosis were culled at an average age of 4.7 and 3.7 yr old, respectively. Therefore, a significant increase in the productive life of the vaccinated animals sent to slaughter with suspected paratuberculosis was observed. In addition, our analysis revealed a positive effect of the vaccine on the carcass weights of the animals with severe histopathological lesions at slaughter compared with the nonvaccinated animals. In summary, our findings suggest a therapeutic effect of the vaccine and a significant attenuation of pre-existing infection in cows naturally infected with paratuberculosis that were adults at the time of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia 48160, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Juste RA. Slow infection control by vaccination: paratuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:190-6. [PMID: 22698388 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Classical causality models for infectious diseases have fulfilled an important role in the progress of medical sciences, however, new forms of association where weakly pathogenic agents cause widespread infections that mostly do not progress to disease, but that if they do so, cause protracted clinical courses where the host resources are exhausted fit better with the slow infection concept proposed over half a century ago. This model could show an infectious cause behind some diseases that have never fulfilled the conventional criteria. While new mechanisms of causation are defined, these diseases still need to be controlled to allow sustainable animal production. Here, I discuss the case of paratuberculosis control by vaccination as an example of the benefits of using a theoretically preventive treatment to modify the course of infection towards preventing clinical disease even though the infection itself might not be fully controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga, 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Juste RA, Torres JM, Houwers DJ. Epidemiological indication for a role of sheep in the emergence of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Vet Microbiol 2012; 154:422-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
36
|
Ruiz-Larrañaga O, Manzano C, Iriondo M, Garrido JM, Molina E, Vazquez P, Juste RA, Estonba A. Genetic variation of toll-like receptor genes and infection by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in Holstein-Friesian cattle. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3635-41. [PMID: 21700053 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are membrane proteins that play a key role in innate immunity, by recognizing pathogens and subsequently activating appropriate responses. Mutations in TLR genes are associated with susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases in humans. In cattle, 3 members of the TLR family, TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4, are associated with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection, although the extent of this association for the TLR1 and TLR4 receptors has not yet been determined. Moreover, the causal variant in the TLR2 gene has not yet been unequivocally established. In this study, 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the bovine TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 genes were selected from the literature, databases, and in silico searches, for a population-based genetic association study of a Spanish Holstein-Friesian sample. Whereas previous results regarding the TLR1 gene were not corroborated, a risk haplotype was detected in TLR2; however, its low frequency indicates that this detected association should be interpreted with caution. In the case of the TLR4 gene, 3 tightly linked SNP were found to be associated with susceptibility to M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection. Moreover, one of these SNP, the SNP c.-226G>C, which is localized in the 5'UTR region of the TLR4 gene, has been reported to be able to alter TLR4 expression, raising the possibility that this mutation may contribute to the response of the individual to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ruiz-Larrañaga
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bastida F, Juste RA. Paratuberculosis control: a review with a focus on vaccination. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2011; 9:8. [PMID: 22035107 PMCID: PMC3222599 DOI: 10.1186/1476-8518-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection causes in ruminants a regional chronic enteritis that is increasingly being recognized as a significant problem affecting animal health, farming and the food industry due to the high prevalence of the disease and to recent research data strengthening the link between the pathogen and human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Control of the infection through hygiene-management measures and test and culling of positive animals has to date not produced the expected results and thus a new focus on vaccination against this pathogen is necessary. This review summarizes all vaccination studies of cattle, sheep or goats reporting production, epidemiological or pathogenetic effects of vaccination published before January 2010 and that provide data amenable to statistical analyses. The meta analysis run on the selected data, allowed us to conclude that most studies included in this review reported that vaccination against MAP is a valuable tool in reducing microbial contamination risks of this pathogen and reducing or delaying production losses and pathogenetic effects but also that it did not fully prevent infection. However, the majority of MAP vaccines were very similar and rudimentary and thus there is room for improvement in vaccine types and formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bastida
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Animal Health, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Control of paratuberculosis in small ruminants can be easily achieved by vaccination. Vaccination prevents clinical cases and thus may lead to increased production at a highly profitable benefit-to-cost ratio. Because bacterial shedding is greatly reduced, vaccination can help control the general contamination risks. There are no restrictions to vaccination in sheep, but potential interference with diagnosis of tuberculosis must be taken into account in goats. Other control strategies have failed, because of either high costs or lack of efficacy on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER and a Vaccine-producing Commercial Company (CZV, SL), Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Valentin Perez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barandika JF, Olmeda SA, Casado-Nistal MA, Hurtado A, Juste RA, Valcárcel F, Anda P, García-Pérez AL. Differences in questing tick species distribution between Atlantic and continental climate regions in Spain. J Med Entomol 2011; 48:13-19. [PMID: 21337943 DOI: 10.1603/me10079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Climate and vegetation in Spain vary from north to south, affecting tick distribution and consequently the presence of tick-borne diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate throughout a 2-yr study the distribution of the different exophilic questing tick species present in 18 areas: eight located in central and 10 in northern Spain. The same methodology was used in both areas, sampling vegetation on a monthly basis by blanket dragging for 20- to 30-min intervals. A total of 12 species belonging to the genera Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Hyalomma was identified. Differences in species distribution and prevalence were dramatically different. The most frequent and abundant species in northern Spain were Ixodes ricinus (67% of adult ticks) and Haemaphysalis punctata (8%), whereas Hyalomma lusitanicum (86%) and Dermacentor marginatus (12%) were the most abundant in central Spain. There were important differences in the monthly seasonal patterns for the different tick species. These results highlight important differences in tick distribution in neighboring areas and underline the need for ongoing surveillance programs to monitor tick population dynamics and the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Barandika
- NEIER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Astobiza I, Barandika JF, Ruiz-Fons F, Hurtado A, Povedano I, Juste RA, García-Pérez AL. Coxiella burnetii shedding and environmental contamination at lambing in two highly naturally-infected dairy sheep flocks after vaccination. Res Vet Sci 2010; 91:e58-63. [PMID: 21168178 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abortion due to Coxiella burnetii was confirmed in the 2007/08 season in two naturally-infected dairy sheep flocks. Proportion of C. burnetii shedders and bacterial loads in vaginal mucus were high among aborted or lambed ewes, as was within-flock seroprevalence. Before the next reproductive season (2008/09) 75% of ewes and 50% of replacement lambs were vaccinated (Coxevac, CEVA Santé Animale) keeping the remaining as untreated controls. Compared with the previous year results when abortion outbreak started, a great reduction in the percentage of abortions, in the number of shedders and in the bacterial burden excreted by the ewes was found in both flocks. However, seroconversion in non-vaccinated yearlings from both flocks and the presence of C. burnetii DNA in bioaerosols taken at sheep premises at lambing indicated that infection was still active. No differences were observed between vaccinated and control groups in terms of proportion of C. burnetii shedders. These results suggest that optimal results of vaccination in heavily infected flocks may not be obtained in a short-term period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Astobiza
- NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Department of Animal Health, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gerrikagoitia X, Barral M, Juste RA. Angiostrongylus species in wild carnivores in the Iberian Peninsula. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:175-80. [PMID: 20728995 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A survey of Angiostrongylus parasites was carried out between 2003 and 2006 in wild carnivore species in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). Parasitological examination consisted in the dissection of heart and lungs for the extraction of adult worms. Nematodes were identified using morphometrical features and also PCR amplification and sequencing analysis. The animal species included in this study were Eurasian badger (Meles meles), Weasel (Mustela nivalis), Beech marten (Martes foina), Pine marten (Martes martes), Polecat (Mustela putorius), American mink (Mustela vison), Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Wolf (Canis lupus), Wild cat (Felis silvestris), and Small-spotted genet (Genetta genetta). Angiostrongylus parasites were only found in foxes and badgers at prevalences of 33.3% and 24%, respectively. Identification of the nematodes by morphometrical features revealed that foxes were infected with A. vasorum while badgers were infected by a different species of Angiostrongylus most likely A. daskalovi. Sequencing data of the second internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS2) of isolates from each species confirmed the species difference. The high prevalence of Angiostrongylus found in the present survey, indicates that the wild cycle of two different species of Angiostrongylus is present in the Basque Country. To our knowledge this is the first report of A. daskalovi in the Iberian Peninsula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Gerrikagoitia
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ruiz-Larrañaga O, Garrido JM, Manzano C, Iriondo M, Molina E, Gil A, Koets AP, Rutten VPMG, Juste RA, Estonba A. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene and their association with infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:1713-21. [PMID: 20338449 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease is a chronic enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that causes substantial financial losses for the cattle industry. Susceptibility to MAP infection is reported to be determined in part by genetic factors, so marker-assisted selection could help to obtain bovine populations that are increasingly resistant to MAP infection. Solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) was adjudged to be a potential candidate gene because of its role in innate immunity, its involvement in susceptibility to numerous intracellular infections, and its previous association with bovine MAP infection. The objectives of this study were to carry out an exhaustive process of discovery and compilation of polymorphisms in SLC11A1 gene, and to perform a population-based genetic association study to test its implication in susceptibility to MAP infection in cattle. In all, 57 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected, 25 of which are newly described in Bos taurus. Twenty-four SNP and two 3'-untranslated region polymorphisms, previously analyzed, were selected for a subsequent association study in 558 European Holstein-Friesian animals. The SNP c.1067C>G and c.1157-91A>T and a haplotype formed by these 2 SNP yielded significant association with susceptibility to MAP infection. The c.1067C>G is a nonsynonymous SNP that causes an amino acid change in codon 356 from proline to alanine (P356A) that could alter SLC11A1 protein function. This association study supports the involvement of SLC11A1 gene in susceptibility to MAP infection in cattle. Our results suggest that SNP c.1067C>G may be a potential causal variant, although functional studies are needed to assure this point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ruiz-Larrañaga
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country, Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Leginagoikoa I, Minguijón E, Juste RA, Barandika J, Amorena B, de Andrés D, Badiola JJ, Luján L, Berriatua E. Effects of housing on the incidence of visna/maedi virus infection in sheep flocks. Res Vet Sci 2009; 88:415-21. [PMID: 19963230 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of seroconversion to visna/maedi virus (VMV) infection and its relationship with management and sheep building structure was investigated in 15 dairy sheep flocks in Spain during 3-7years. Incidence rates were 0.09 per sheep-year at risk in semi-intensive Latxa flocks and 0.44 per sheep-year at risk in intensive Assaf flocks and was greatest for the one year old Assaf replacement flock. Separate multivariable models developed for replacement and adult flocks indicated that in both cases seroconversion was strongly associated to direct contact exposure to infected sheep and to being born to a seropositive dam. The latter effect was independent of the mode of rearing preweaning and the risk of seroconversion was similar for sheep fed colostrum and milk from a seropositive or a seronegative dam. These results are further evidence of the efficiency of horizontal VMV transmission by close contact between sheep and also suggest a inheritable component of susceptibility and resistance to infection. In contrast, indirect aerogenous contact with seropositive sheep was not associated with seroconversion as evidenced in replacement sheep housed in separate pens in the same building as adult infected sheep for one year. Consequently, VMV may not be efficiently airborne over short distances and this is important for control of infection. Moreover, there was no relationship between seroconversion and shed open areas. The latter could be related to having examined few flocks in which high infection prevalence dominated the transmission process while ventilation, may depend on a variety of unrecorded factors whose relationship to infection needs to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Leginagoikoa
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga 1, 48460 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Juste RA, Alonso-Hearn M, Molina E, Geijo M, Vazquez P, Sevilla IA, Garrido JM. Significant reduction in bacterial shedding and improvement in milk production in dairy farms after the use of a new inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine in a field trial. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:233. [PMID: 19930604 PMCID: PMC2788577 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paratuberculosis vaccination has been in use in some regions for many decades, but results have not been widely spread. A new Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) killed vaccine was studied in relationship with its effects on fecal shedding and milk production in four farms while other two were kept as controls submitted to a test and cull scheme. Findings Fecal detection (n = 1829) and milking records (n = 2413) have been analyzed after two (5 herds) and four (1 herd) years of the beginning of the intervention. Shedder prevalence was reduced by 100% in three of the four vaccinated farms, 68% in the total of vaccinated animals and 46% in the two control farms. Total amount of MAP shed was reduced 77% in the vaccinated farms and 94% in the control farms. Overall milk production increased up to 3.9% after vaccination, while there was no significant difference in production after intervention in the non-vaccinated farms. Conclusion MAP shedding reduction can be quickly accomplished both by vaccination and by testing and culling. However, vaccination appears to be a less expensive and more sustainable strategy since it required one single intervention and was also associated with an increase in milk production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1 E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pérez M, Biescas E, de Andrés X, Leginagoikoa I, Salazar E, Berriatua E, Reina R, Bolea R, de Andrés D, Juste RA, Cancer J, Gracia J, Amorena B, Badiola JJ, Luján L. Visna/maedi virus serology in sheep: survey, risk factors and implementation of a successful control programme in Aragón (Spain). Vet J 2009; 186:221-5. [PMID: 19747864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A serological survey of Visna/maedi virus (VMV) infection involving 274,048 sheep from 554 flocks was undertaken during 2002-2007 in Aragón, North-East Spain. One hundred and two of these flocks enrolled in a VMV control programme to reduce seroprevalence by selecting replacement lambs from seronegative dams and gradual culling of seropositive sheep. Twenty-five flocks were also visited to collect flock management and housing data. All study flocks had seropositive animals and 52.8% of animals tested were seropositive. Among flocks that joined the control programme 66 adopted the proposed measures and reduced seroprevalence significantly by between 26.1% and 76.9% whereas the remaining 36 flocks did not apply the measures and seroprevalence significantly increased. Seroprevalence increased with flock size and the number of days the sheep were housed, and decreased with increasing weaning age and shed open area, suggesting a reduced risk of VMV infection in sheep associated with better ventilation. At the end of the period, 24 flocks were certified as VMV-controlled with a seroprevalence <5%, and seven as VMV-free with 0% seroprevalence. These are the first officially recognised VMV-free flocks in Spain and represent a nucleus of VMV-free replacement animals for other flocks. Moreover, they are evidence of the possibility of eliminating VMV infection without resorting to whole-flock segregation or culling of seropositive sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 177 Miguel Servet Street, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alonso-Hearn M, Molina E, Geijo M, Vazquez P, Sevilla I, Garrido JM, Juste RA. Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from muscle tissue of naturally infected cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:513-8. [PMID: 19415976 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Recent studies suggest an association between MAP and Crohn's disease in humans. MAP can become widely distributed within the tissues of infected animals, and meat may be a possible route of exposure of MAP to humans. In this study, 47 dairy and beef cattle were examined for the occurrence of viable MAP in diaphragm muscle. At the slaughterhouse, gut tissues, diaphragm muscle, blood, and feces of the 47 animals were collected for bacteriological culture, as well as gut samples for histopathological analysis. MAP was detected by bacteriological culture and conventional and real-time IS900 polymerase chain reaction in the diaphragm muscle of six infected cattle at slaughter (13%). The six animals showing evidence of MAP in diaphragm muscle had diffuse lesions and severe granulomatous inflammation in ileocecal lymph nodes, jejunal lymph nodes, ileocecal valve, and ileum. All six had heavy bacterial load in mesenteric lymph nodes, ileocecal valve, ileum, and jejunum, and four showed clinical signs of paratuberculosis. Two animals did not show clinical signs but had viable MAP in intestinal tissues and in diaphragm muscle as well. MAP was found in blood of only one of the six animals showing evidence of MAP in diaphragm muscle and in feces of three of them. In general, there was a positive association between enteric lesion severity, clinical signs of paratuberculosis, heavy bacterial load in intestinal tissues, fecal shedding of MAP, and the presence of disseminated MAP infection in diaphragm muscle. The results of this study demonstrated that MAP can be detected and cultured from muscle of MAP-infected cattle destined for human consumption and suggest a possible risk of exposure of humans to MAP via contaminated meat.
Collapse
|
47
|
Barandika JF, Hurtado A, García-Sanmartín J, Juste RA, Anda P, García-Pérez AL. Prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in questing adult ticks from northern Spain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 8:829-35. [PMID: 18759563 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 691 questing adult ixodid ticks of the genera Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, and Rhipicephalus were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line blot (RLB) for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia spp., and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. Ticks were collected by blanket dragging during 2 sampling years (2003-2005) in 10 recreational areas in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). Adult ticks were collected every month of the year and eight different species were identified among which Ixodes ricinus was the most abundant and widespread. Three pathogens for humans, Borrelia burgdorferi, A. phagocytophilum, and C. burnetii, as well as rickettsiae of unknown pathogenicity were detected. The latter were identified as Rickettsia sp. RpA4/DnS14 by sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. The infection rates varied from 0.1%-6.9%. DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected mainly in I. ricinus, but also in Haemaphysalis punctata, H. concinna, and Rhipicephalus bursa. Coxiella burnetii was detected in only one specimen of H. punctata, and Borrelia spp. in eight ticks. Furthermore, PCR-RLB analysis specific for B. burgdorferi sensu lato detected one H. punctata with positive hybridization with the B. burgdorferi sensu stricto probe, and two I. ricinus positive for B. afzelii and B. garinii. SFG rickettsiae were the pathogens most frequently found, present in 48 of 97 D. reticulatus analyzed. Mixed infections were not found in any of the analyzed ticks. These results are compared and discussed with data obtained in previous studies carried out in the same and other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus F Barandika
- Department of Animal Health and Production, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Barral M, Alvarez V, Juste RA, Agirre I, Inchausti I. First case of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in Spain. BMC Vet Res 2008; 4:50. [PMID: 19077185 PMCID: PMC2621144 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-4-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The H5N1 strain of avian influenza virus has been involved in severe mortality in domestic poultry, and has also been found in different species of wildlife in Europe. The Basque Country avian influenza surveillance program began sample collection and processing the fall of 2005. Results Here we report the first confirmation of the presence of highly pathogenic H5N1 strain in a Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) found dead in a pond near Vitoria in the Basque Country on the North of Spain. Regarding the survey for generic influenza type A virus, we have obtained positive results in about 8% of more that 3500 birds examined. Conclusion We think that the self-limiting nature of our finding and others proves that certain regions have ecological, geographical and climatological features that make it difficult for the H5N1 virus to spread [1] and cause disease at least in the large scale scenario that has been worrying human and animal health authorities during the last years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barral
- Department of Production and Animal Health, NEIKER-Tecnalia-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
García-Sanmartín J, Barandika JF, Juste RA, García-Pérez AL, Hurtado A. Distribution and molecular detection of Theileria and Babesia in questing ticks from northern Spain. Med Vet Entomol 2008; 22:318-325. [PMID: 19120958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of 562 questing adult ixodid ticks, collected during 2003-05 in 10 recreational mountain areas in northern Spain, were analysed for piroplasm infection. Reverse line blot (RLB) analysis using a panel of probes for 23 piroplasm species identified 16 different piroplasms, with an overall prevalence of 9.3%. Most were Theileria spp.-positive (7.7%), 3.0% were positive for Babesia spp. and 1.4% of ticks harboured both genera. Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), the most abundant tick in the vegetation, ranked third with regard to piroplasm infection prevalence (11.4%) after Rhipicephalus bursa (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) (16.0%) and Haemaphysalis punctata (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) (13.5%). Infection was detected in 6.2% of Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) and in 1.1% of Haemaphysalis inermis (Birula, 1895), but was absent from Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch, 1844). Ixodes ricinus carried more piroplasm species (13), followed by H. punctata (10), D. reticulatus (8), R. bursa (3) and H. inermis (1). Although most of the positive ticks harboured a single infection (76.9%), mixed infections with two or three different piroplasm species were also detected (23.1%). The various tick-pathogen associations found are discussed and prevalences of infection in ticks are compared with previous results on piroplasms infecting animals in the same region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J García-Sanmartín
- Department of Animal Health and Production, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Benavides J, García-Pariente C, Fuertes M, Ferreras MC, García-Marín JF, Juste RA, Pérez V. Maedi-visna: the meningoencephalitis in naturally occurring cases. J Comp Pathol 2008; 140:1-11. [PMID: 18922546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lesions were examined at different levels of the central nervous system (CNS) in 64 sheep with natural maedi-visna (MV) meningoencephalitis. All animals showed lesions in more than one of the CNS locations examined; the lesions in the cranial regions were periventricular, while those in the spinal cord affected the white matter funicles. Lesions were found particularly in the cerebellar peduncles (non-suppurative meningoencephalitis), followed by the corpus callosum, hippocampus and thoracic spinal cord. Vascular, infiltrative and malacic histopathological patterns were recognized. One pattern predominated in each section examined, although mixed forms occurred. Vascular lesions occurred with similar frequency at all CNS levels, but infiltrative and malacic lesions predominated at rostral and caudal levels, respectively. Cells consistent with macrophages and shown immunohistochemically to be associated with MV virus were seen in malacic and infiltrative lesions, at the periphery of damaged areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Benavides
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|