1
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De Almeida MC, Anderson RH, Sanchez-Quintana D, Macias Y. Lack of evidence for longitudinal dissociation of the atrioventricular conduction axis. Clin Anat 2023. [PMID: 36942964 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal dissociation of the aggregated specialized cardiomyocytes within the non-branching portion of atrioventricular conduction axis has proved a controversial topic for both morphologists and electrophysiologists. We have now used morphological methods, including three-dimensional assessment, to revisit, in human, canine, and bovine hearts, the presence or absence of interconnections between the aggregated cardiomyocytes making up the non-branching bundle. We analyzed three datasets from human and canine hearts, and two from bovine hearts, using longitudinal and orthogonal serial histological sections. In addition, we assessed three hearts using translucent India ink injected specimens, permitting assessment of the three-dimensional arrangement of the cardiomyocytes. Using the longitudinal sections, we found numerous oblique interconnections between the groups of specialized cardiomyocytes. When assessing orthogonal sections, we noted marked variation in the grouping of the cardiomyocytes. We interpreted this finding as evidence of bifurcation and convergence of the groups seen in the longitudinal sections. The three-dimensional assessment of the bovine material confirmed the presence of the numerous interconnections. The presence of multiple connections between the cardiomyocytes in the non-branching bundle rules out the potential for longitudinal dissociation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C De Almeida
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Brasilia's University,Campus Asa Norte,Cep:70910-900, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - R H Anderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - D Sanchez-Quintana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine. University of Extremadura. Badajoz., Spain
| | - Y Macias
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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2
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Egge JA, Anderson RH, Schimelpfenig MD. Care of the Well Newborn. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:676-690. [PMID: 36450636 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Care of the newborn infant is a critical skill for general pediatricians and other providers in the practice of pediatric medicine. Optimal care relies on a thorough understanding of risk factors that may be present during the pregnancy and delivery, as well as the ability to recognize and address unanticipated problems in the postnatal period. This article focuses on antenatal care of the newborn, issues that present in the immediate postdelivery period, and care of the newborn after discharge. It also includes updated information on current topics in pediatric practice, such as the importance of vaccination, parental hesitancy in accepting common medical interventions, and updated guidelines related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. At the conclusion of the article, the reader should have a general understanding of antenatal risk factors that could affect the transition from the intrauterine environment and have the knowledge to address common issues that arise in the care of newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Egge
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | - Michelle D Schimelpfenig
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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3
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Anderson RH, Sochacki KA, Vuppula H, Scott BL, Bailey EM, Schultz MM, Kerkvliet JG, Taraska JW, Hoppe AD, Francis KR. Sterols lower energetic barriers of membrane bending and fission necessary for efficient clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110371. [PMID: 35139372 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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4
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Anderson RH, Sochacki KA, Vuppula H, Scott BL, Bailey EM, Schultz MM, Kerkvliet JG, Taraska JW, Hoppe AD, Francis KR. Sterols lower energetic barriers of membrane bending and fission necessary for efficient clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110008. [PMID: 34788623 PMCID: PMC8620193 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is critical for cellular signal transduction, receptor recycling, and membrane homeostasis in mammalian cells. Acute depletion of cholesterol disrupts CME, motivating analysis of CME dynamics in the context of human disorders of cholesterol metabolism. We report that inhibition of post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis impairs CME. Imaging of membrane bending dynamics and the CME pit ultrastructure reveals prolonged clathrin pit lifetimes and shallow clathrin-coated structures, suggesting progressive impairment of curvature generation correlates with diminishing sterol abundance. Sterol structural requirements for efficient CME include 3′ polar head group and B-ring conformation, resembling the sterol structural prerequisites for tight lipid packing and polarity. Furthermore, Smith-Lemli-Opitz fibroblasts with low cholesterol abundance exhibit deficits in CME-mediated transferrin internalization. We conclude that sterols lower the energetic costs of membrane bending during pit formation and vesicular scission during CME and suggest that reduced CME activity may contribute to cellular phenotypes observed within disorders of cholesterol metabolism. Anderson et al. demonstrate that sterol abundance and identity play a dominant role in facilitating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Detailed analyses of clathrin-coated pits under sterol depletion support a requirement for sterol-mediated membrane bending during multiple stages of endocytosis, implicating endocytic dysfunction within the pathogenesis of disorders of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthellen H Anderson
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Kem A Sochacki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Harika Vuppula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; BioSystems Networks and Translational Research Center, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Brandon L Scott
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; BioSystems Networks and Translational Research Center, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Maycie M Schultz
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jason G Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; BioSystems Networks and Translational Research Center, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; BioSystems Networks and Translational Research Center, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Kevin R Francis
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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5
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Tingsgaard JK, Sorensen MH, Bojer AS, Anderson RH, Broadbent DA, Plein S, Gaede PH, Madsen PL. Contrast-free whole heart myocardial blood flow quantification from magnetic resonance imaging-determination of coronary sinus flow. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-invasive reference quantification of whole heart myocardial blood flow (MBF) requires radioisotopes for PET and gadolinium contrast for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) which in some cases is contraindicated. MBF may be determined from CMR quantification of flow in the coronary sinus (CSBF), the large vein draining the majority of the myocardium. Comparative studies of CSBF from CMR and MBF as determined from a reference technique have not yet been published in any larger cohorts.
Purpose
Our objective was to evaluate to what extent CMR CSBF measurements can be used to determine MBF as determined from gadolinium-contrast CMR in a cohort of normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) already demonstrated to display a wide range of MBFs.
Methods
147 patients with T2DM and 25 age-matched controls were recruited to a cohort study on cardiovascular changes in DM. MBF was quantified from gadolinium-contrast perfusion sequences based on Fermi-constrained deconvolution. Myocardial segments with late gadolinium hyperenhancement or visually significant perfusion defects were included. CSBF was determined with CMR flow-sequences applied across the coronary sinus (VENC 0.5–1.0 m/s). Patients were studied during rest and maximal coronary artery dilatation by adenosine infusion (140 mg/kg/min). Blood flow stress-reserves were the ratio of stress to rest values. Co-variation of MBF and CSBF were determined from Bland-Altman plots with lines of agreement. Repeatability of CSBF was determined during the same experiment and calculated from single rater random intra class and repeatability coefficients.
Results
In normal subjects and patients with T2DM, MBF and CSBF increased during adenosine-stress (Fig. 1) with mean absolute increments of 172 and 163 mL/min/100g, and with mean stress-reserves of 3.35 and 3.24, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed that MBF and CSBF covaried with a small bias, but in some cases with relatively large limits of agreement (Fig. 2). Overall, the mean bias of increase from rest-to-stress was 6 (CI: −1; 14) mL/min/100g with corresponding limits of agreement of 93 (CI 81; 105) and −80.2 (CI −92.6; 67.8) mL/min/100g. The mean bias of stress-reserve was 0.106 (CI: −0.0209; 0.234) with corresponding limits of agreement of −1.43 (CI: −1.65; −1.21) and 1.64 (CI: 1.42; 1.86). Intra-class and repeatability coefficients for coronary sinus flow were 0.95 (CI: 0.90; 0.95) and 5 mL/min/100g, respectively.
Conclusion
Myocardial blood flow can reproducibly and with a small bias be determined from the non-contrast technique of applying magnetic resonance imaging flow-sequences across the coronary sinus. Determination of MBF from coronary sinus blood flow may be useful in patient-groups where contrast is contraindicated, but limits of agreement with MBF must be taken into account.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M H Sorensen
- Slagelse-Naestved Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Slagelse-Naestved, Denmark
| | - A S Bojer
- Slagelse-Naestved Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Slagelse-Naestved, Denmark
| | - R H Anderson
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - D A Broadbent
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Plein
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - P H Gaede
- Slagelse-Naestved Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Slagelse-Naestved, Denmark
| | - P L Madsen
- Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Louwagie EJ, Larsen TD, Wachal AL, Gandy TCT, Eclov JA, Rideout TC, Kern KA, Cain JT, Anderson RH, Mdaki KS, Baack ML. Age and Sex Influence Mitochondria and Cardiac Health in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Glucolipotoxicity. iScience 2020; 23:101746. [PMID: 33225249 PMCID: PMC7666357 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of cardiomyopathy at birth and myocardial infarction in adulthood, but prevention is hindered because mechanisms remain unknown. We previously showed that maternal glucolipotoxicity increases the risk of cardiomyopathy and mortality in newborn rats through fuel-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we demonstrate ongoing cardiometabolic consequences by cross-fostering and following echocardiography, cardiomyocyte bioenergetics, mitochondria-mediated turnover, and cell death following metabolic stress in aged adults. Like humans, cardiac function improves by weaning with no apparent differences in early adulthood but declines again in aged diabetes-exposed offspring. This is preceded by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, exaggerated age-related increase in mitochondrial number, and higher oxygen consumption. Prenatally exposed male cardiomyocytes have more mitolysosomes indicating high baseline turnover; when exposed to metabolic stress, mitophagy cannot increase and cardiomyocytes have faster mitochondrial membrane potential loss and mitochondria-mediated cell death. Details highlight age- and sex-specific roles of mitochondria in developmentally programmed adult heart disease. Fetal exposures disrupt mitochondria, bioenergetics, & cardiac function at birth First, bioenergetics & function improve until greater reliance on OXPHOS with age At 6MO, poor respiration incites biogenesis & mitophagy, and then functional decline Fetal exposures cause faster mitochondria-mediated cell death in aged adult hearts
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli J Louwagie
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Tricia D Larsen
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Angela L Wachal
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Tyler C T Gandy
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Julie A Eclov
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Todd C Rideout
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Katherine A Kern
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Kennedy S Mdaki
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Michelle L Baack
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.,Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.,Boekelheide Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD 57117, USA
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7
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Johnson TB, Mechels K, Anderson RH, Cain JT, Sturdevant DA, Braddock S, Pinz H, Wilson MA, Landsverk M, Roux KJ, Weimer JM. Author Correction: Characterization of a recurrent missense mutation in the forkhead DNA-binding domain of FOXP1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6635. [PMID: 32296074 PMCID: PMC7160118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Keegan Mechels
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - David A Sturdevant
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Stephen Braddock
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailey Pinz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Megan Landsverk
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
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8
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Sanyour HJ, Li N, Rickel AP, Torres HM, Anderson RH, Miles MR, Childs JD, Francis KR, Tao J, Hong Z. Statin-mediated cholesterol depletion exerts coordinated effects on the alterations in rat vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics and migration. J Physiol 2020; 598:1505-1522. [PMID: 32083311 DOI: 10.1113/jp279528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This study demonstrates and evaluates the changes in rat vascular smooth muscle cell biomechanics following statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Evidence is presented to show correlated changes in migration and adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and collagen. Concurrently, integrin α5 expression was enhanced but not integrin α2. Atomic force microscopy analysis provides compelling evidence of coordinated reduction in vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness and actin cytoskeletal orientation in response to statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Proof is provided that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion remodels total vascular smooth muscle cell cytoskeletal orientation that may additionally participate in altering ex vivo aortic vessel function. It is concluded that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion may coordinate vascular smooth muscle cell migration and adhesion to different extracellular matrix proteins and regulate cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal orientation, thus impacting the biomechanics of the cell. ABSTRACT Not only does cholesterol induce an inflammatory response and deposits in foam cells at the atherosclerotic plaque, it also regulates cellular mechanics, proliferation and migration in atherosclerosis progression. Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that are known to inhibit cellular cholesterol biosynthesis and are clinically prescribed to patients with hypercholesterolemia or related cardiovascular conditions. Nonetheless, the effect of statin-mediated cholesterol management on cellular biomechanics is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of fluvastatin-mediated cholesterol management on primary rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) biomechanics. Real-time measurement of cell adhesion, stiffness, and imaging were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cellular migration on extra cellular matrix (ECM) protein surfaces was studied by time-lapse imaging. The effect of changes in VSMC biomechanics on aortic function was assessed using an ex vivo myograph system. Fluvastatin-mediated cholesterol depletion (-27.8%) lowered VSMC migration distance on a fibronectin (FN)-coated surface (-14.8%) but not on a type 1 collagen (COL1)-coated surface. VSMC adhesion force to FN (+33%) and integrin α5 expression were enhanced but COL1 adhesion and integrin α2 expression were unchanged upon cholesterol depletion. In addition, VSMC stiffness (-46.6%) and ex vivo aortic ring contraction force (-40.1%) were lowered and VSMC actin cytoskeletal orientation was reduced (-24.5%) following statin-mediated cholesterol depletion. Altogether, it is concluded that statin-mediated cholesterol depletion may coordinate VSMC migration and adhesion to different ECM proteins and regulate cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal orientation, thus impacting the biomechanics of the cell and aortic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Haydee M Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Miranda R Miles
- BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Mechanical Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Josh D Childs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Kevin R Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA.,BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
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9
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Zhang Q, Narayanan V, Mui KL, O'Bryan CS, Anderson RH, Kc B, Cabe JI, Denis KB, Antoku S, Roux KJ, Dickinson RB, Angelini TE, Gundersen GG, Conway DE, Lele TP. Mechanical Stabilization of the Glandular Acinus by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton Complex. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2826-2839.e4. [PMID: 31402305 PMCID: PMC6736724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton are important protein networks that govern cellular behavior and are connected together by the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Mutations in LINC complex components may be relevant to cancer, but how cell-level changes might translate into tissue-level malignancy is unclear. We used glandular epithelial cells in a three-dimensional culture model to investigate the effect of perturbations of the LINC complex on higher order cellular architecture. We show that inducible LINC complex disruption in human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells and canine kidney epithelial MDCK II cells mechanically destabilizes the acinus. Lumenal collapse occurs because the acinus is unstable to increased mechanical tension that is caused by upregulation of Rho-kinase-dependent non-muscle myosin II motor activity. These findings provide a potential mechanistic explanation for how disruption of LINC complex may contribute to a loss of tissue structure in glandular epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vani Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Keeley L Mui
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher S O'Bryan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Birendra Kc
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jolene I Cabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Kevin B Denis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Richard B Dickinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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10
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Anderson RH, Kerkvliet JG, Otta JJ, Ross AD, Leiferman PC, Hoppe AD, Francis KR. Generation of a CLTA reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell line, CRMi001-A-1, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to monitor endogenous clathrin trafficking. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:95-99. [PMID: 30340091 PMCID: PMC6383648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The most highly studied endocytic pathway, clathrin-dependent endocytosis, mediates a wide range of fundamental processes including nutrient internalization, receptor recycling, and signal transduction. In order to model tissue specific and developmental aspects of this process, CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing was utilized to fluorescently label the C-terminus of clathrin light chain A (CLTA) within the phenotypically normal, parental CRMi001-A human induced pluripotent stem cell line. Successfully edited cells were isolated by fluorescently activated cell sorting, remained karyotypically normal, and maintained their differentiation potential. This cell line facilitates imaging of endogenous clathrin trafficking within varied cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthellen H Anderson
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jason G Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA; BioSystems Networks and Translational Research Center, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jaelin J Otta
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Alan D Ross
- Sanford Medical Genetics Laboratory, Cytogenetics Division, Sanford Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Patricia C Leiferman
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Sanford Medical Genetics Laboratory, Cytogenetics Division, Sanford Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA; BioSystems Networks and Translational Research Center, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Kevin R Francis
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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11
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Anderson RH, Lensing CJ, Forred BJ, Amolins MW, Aegerter CL, Vitiello PF, Mays JR. Differentiating Antiproliferative and Chemopreventive Modes of Activity for Electron-Deficient Aryl Isothiocyanates against Human MCF-7 Cells. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1695-1710. [PMID: 29924910 PMCID: PMC6105534 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of Brassica vegetables provides beneficial effects through organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolate secondary metabolites. The ITC l-sulforaphane (l-SFN) is the principle agent in broccoli that demonstrates several modes of anticancer action. While the anticancer properties of ITCs like l-SFN have been extensively studied and l-SFN has been the subject of multiple human clinical trials, the scope of this work has largely been limited to those derivatives found in nature. Previous studies have demonstrated that structural changes in an ITC can lead to marked differences in a compound's potency to 1) inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and 2) alter cellular transcriptional profiles. This study describes the preparation of a library of non-natural aryl ITCs and the development of a bifurcated screening approach to evaluate the dose- and time-dependence on antiproliferative and chemopreventive properties against human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated using a commercial MTS cell viability assay. Chemopreventive properties were evaluated using an antioxidant response element (ARE)-promoted luciferase reporter assay. The results of this study have led to the identification of 1) several key structure-activity relationships and 2) lead ITCs for continued development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthellen H. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry Augustana University 2001 S. Summit Ave. Sioux Falls, SD 57197
| | - Cody J. Lensing
- Department of Chemistry Augustana University 2001 S. Summit Ave. Sioux Falls, SD 57197
| | - Benjamin J. Forred
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group Sanford Research 2301 E. 60 St. N. Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - Michael W. Amolins
- Department of Chemistry Augustana University 2001 S. Summit Ave. Sioux Falls, SD 57197
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group Sanford Research 2301 E. 60 St. N. Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - Cassandra L. Aegerter
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group Sanford Research 2301 E. 60 St. N. Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - Peter F. Vitiello
- Environmental Influences on Health and Disease Group Sanford Research 2301 E. 60 St. N. Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - Jared R. Mays
- Department of Chemistry Augustana University 2001 S. Summit Ave. Sioux Falls, SD 57197
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Loomba R, Spicer DE, Anderson RH. P5486Vestibular atrial septal defects: a novel atrial septal defect. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Loomba
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - D E Spicer
- University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - R H Anderson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
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13
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Anderson RH, Francis KR. Modeling rare diseases with induced pluripotent stem cell technology. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 40:52-59. [PMID: 29307697 PMCID: PMC6033695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases, in totality, affect a significant proportion of the population and represent an unmet medical need facing the scientific community. However, the treatment of individuals affected by rare diseases is hampered by poorly understood mechanisms preventing the development of viable therapeutics. The discovery and application of cellular reprogramming to create novel induced pluripotent stem cell models of rare diseases has revolutionized the rare disease community. Through developmental and functional analysis of differentiated cell types, these stem cell models carrying patient-specific mutations have become an invaluable tool for rare disease research. In this review article, we discuss the reprogramming of samples from individuals affected with rare diseases to induced pluripotent stem cells, current and future applications for this technology, and how integration of genome editing to rare disease research will help to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthellen H Anderson
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Kevin R Francis
- Cellular Therapies and Stem Cell Biology Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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Lunkenheimer PP, Niederer P, Lunkenheimer JM, Keller H, Redmann K, Smerup M, Anderson RH. [The antagonistic function of the heart muscle sustains the autoregulation according to Frank and Starling : Part I: Structure and function of heart muscle]. Herz 2018; 45:170-177. [PMID: 30054713 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-018-4734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the tradition of Harvey and according to Otto Frank the heart muscle structure is arranged in a strictly tangential fashion hence all contractile forces act in the direction of ventricular ejection. In contrast, morphology confirms that the heart consists of a 3-dimensional network of muscle fibers with up to two fifths of the chains of aggregated myocytes deviating from a tangential alignment at variable angles. Accordingly, the myocardial systolic forces contain, in addition to a constrictive also a (albeit smaller) radially acting component. Using needle force probes we have correspondingly measured an unloading type of force in a tangential direction and an auxotonic type in dilatative transversal direction of the ventricular walls to show that the myocardial body contracts actively in a 3-dimensional pattern. This antagonism supports the autoregulation of heart muscle function according to Frank and Starling, preserving ventricular shape, enhances late systolic fast dilation and attenuates systolic constriction of the ventricle wall. Auxotonic dilating forces are particularly sensitive to inotropic medication. Low dose beta-blocker is able to attenuate the antagonistic activity. All myocardial components act against four components of afterload, the hemodynamic, the myostructural, the stromatogenic and the hydraulic component. This complex interplay critically complicates clinical diagnostics. Clinical implications are far-reaching (see Part II, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-018-4735-x).
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Lunkenheimer
- Experimentelle Thorax‑, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätskliniken Münster, Münster, Deutschland.
| | - P Niederer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - J M Lunkenheimer
- Krankenhaus der Augustinerinnen/Severinsklösterchen, Jakobstr. 27-31, Köln, Deutschland
| | - H Keller
- Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - K Redmann
- Universitätskliniken, Münster, Deutschland
| | - M Smerup
- Thoraxkirurgisk Klinik, University Hospital, Kopenhagen, Dänemark
| | - R H Anderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Großbritannien
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15
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Crucean A, Alqahtani A, Barron DJ, Brawn WJ, Richardson RV, O'Sullivan J, Anderson RH, Henderson DJ, Chaudhry B. Re-evaluation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome from a developmental and morphological perspective. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:138. [PMID: 28793912 PMCID: PMC5551014 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) covers a spectrum of rare congenital anomalies characterised by a non-apex forming left ventricle and stenosis/atresia of the mitral and aortic valves. Despite many studies, the causes of HLHS remain unclear and there are conflicting views regarding the role of flow, valvar or myocardial abnormalities in its pathogenesis, all of which were proposed prior to the description of the second heart field. Our aim was to re-evaluate the patterns of malformation in HLHS in relation to recognised cardiac progenitor populations, with a view to providing aetiologically useful sub-groupings for genomic studies. Results We examined 78 hearts previously classified as HLHS, with subtypes based on valve patency, and re-categorised them based on their objective ventricular phenotype. Three distinct subgroups could be identified: slit-like left ventricle (24%); miniaturised left ventricle (6%); and thickened left ventricle with endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE; 70%). Slit-like ventricles were always found in combination with aortic atresia and mitral atresia. Miniaturised left ventricles all had normally formed, though smaller aortic and mitral valves. The remaining group were found to have a range of aortic valve malformations associated with thickened left ventricular walls despite being described as either atresia or stenosis. The degree of myocardial thickening was not correlated to the degree of valvar stenosis. Lineage tracing in mice to investigate the progenitor populations that form the parts of the heart disrupted by HLHS showed that whereas Nkx2–5-Cre labelled myocardial and endothelial cells within the left and right ventricles, Mef2c-AHF-Cre, which labels second heart field-derived cells only, was largely restricted to the endocardium and myocardium of the right ventricle. However, like Nkx2–5-Cre, Mef2c-AHF-Cre lineage cells made a significant contribution to the aortic and mitral valves. In contrast, Wnt1-Cre made a major contribution only to the aortic valve. This suggests that discrete cardiac progenitors might be responsible for the patterns of defects observed in the distinct ventricular sub-groups. Conclusions Only the slit-like ventricle grouping was found to map to the current nomenclature: the combination of mitral atresia with aortic atresia. It appears that slit-like and miniature ventricles also form discrete sub-groups. Thus, reclassification of HLHS into subgroups based on ventricular phenotype, might be useful in genetic and developmental studies in investigating the aetiology of this severe malformation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crucean
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - A Alqahtani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D J Barron
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - W J Brawn
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - R V Richardson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - J O'Sullivan
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Department of Congenital Cardiology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - R H Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - B Chaudhry
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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16
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Burg MC, Lunkenheimer P, Niederer P, Brune C, Redmann K, Smerup M, Spiegel U, Becker F, Maintz D, Heindel W, Anderson RH. Pneumatic Distension of Ventricular Mural Architecture Validated Histologically. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016; 188:1045-1053. [PMID: 27760439 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: There are ongoing arguments as to how cardiomyocytes are aggregated together within the ventricular walls. We used pneumatic distension through the coronary arteries to exaggerate the gaps between the aggregated cardiomyocytes, analyzing the pattern revealed using computed tomography, and validating our findings by histology. Methods: We distended 10 porcine hearts, arresting 4 in diastole by infusion of cardioplegic solutions, and 4 in systole by injection of barium chloride. Mural architecture was revealed by computed tomography, measuring also the angulations of the long chains of cardiomyocytes. We prepared the remaining 2 hearts for histology by perfusion with formaldehyde. Results: Increasing pressures of pneumatic distension elongated the ventricular walls, but produced insignificant changes in mural thickness. The distension exaggerated the spaces between the aggregated cardiomyocytes, compartmenting the walls into epicardial, central, and endocardial regions, with a feathered arrangement of transitions between them. Marked variation was noted in the thicknesses of the parts in the different ventricular segments, with no visible anatomical boundaries between them. Measurements of angulations revealed intruding and extruding populations of cardiomyocytes that deviated from a surface-parallel alignment. Scrolling through the stacks of tomographic images revealed marked spiraling of the aggregated cardiomyocytes when traced from base to apex. Conclusion: Our findings call into question the current assumption that cardiomyocytes are uniformly aggregated together in a tangential fashion. There is marked heterogeneity in the architecture of the different ventricular segments, with the aggregated units never extending in a fully transmural fashion. Key Points: • Pneumographic computed tomography reveals an organized structure of the ventricular walls.• Aggregated cardiomyocytes form a structured continuum, with marked regional heterogeneity.• Global ventricular function results from antagonistic forces generated by aggregated cardiomyocytes. Citation Format: • Burg MC, Lunkenheimer P, Niederer P et al. Pneumatic Distension of Ventricular Mural Architecture Validated Histologically. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2016; 188: 1045 - 1053.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Burg
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Dept. of Experimental Thoraco-vascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - P Niederer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Brune
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Netherlands
| | - K Redmann
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - M Smerup
- Dept of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - U Spiegel
- Dept. Surgical Research, Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - F Becker
- Dept. Surgical Research, Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - D Maintz
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - W Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - R H Anderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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17
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Abstract
A- and B-type lamins support the nuclear envelope, contribute to heterochromatin organization, and regulate a myriad of nuclear processes. The mechanisms by which lamins function in different cell types and the mechanisms by which lamin mutations cause over a dozen human diseases (laminopathies) remain unclear. The identification of proteins associated with lamins is likely to provide fundamental insight into these mechanisms. BioID (proximity-dependent biotin identification) is a unique and powerful method for identifying protein-protein and proximity-based interactions in living cells. BioID utilizes a mutant biotin ligase from bacteria that is fused to a protein of interest (bait). When expressed in living cells and stimulated with excess biotin, this BioID-fusion protein promiscuously biotinylates directly interacting and vicinal endogenous proteins. Following biotin-affinity capture, the biotinylated proteins can be identified using mass spectrometry. BioID thus enables screening for physiologically relevant protein associations that occur over time in living cells. BioID is applicable to insoluble proteins such as lamins that are often refractory to study by other methods and can identify weak and/or transient interactions. We discuss the use of BioID to elucidate novel lamin-interacting proteins and its applications in a broad range of biological systems, and provide detailed protocols to guide new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Mehus
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
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18
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Seo JW, Yoo SJ, Ho SY, Lee HJ, Anderson RH. Further morphological observations on hearts with twisted atrioventricular connections (criss-cross hearts). Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 1:211-7. [PMID: 25990279 DOI: 10.1016/1054-8807(92)90027-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/1991] [Accepted: 03/25/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A superior and anterior location of the tricuspid valve in the setting of malalignment between the atrial and ventricular septal structures was the characteristic unifying morphologic feature of seven autopsied hearts with twisted atrioventricular connections. The peculiar angiocardiographic appearances of this lesion could be readily explained by the findings of unusual recesses in the right atrium, in the right ventricle, and in the left ventricle. The recess in the morphologically left ventricle was seen in each case at the right posterior part (or, in the hearts with left-handed ventricles, at the left part) of the chamber. Displacement of the right-sided atrioventricular valve far from the inferior caval vein (vena cava) had produced the recess in the morphologically right atrium; this feature was most prominent in the heart in which the atrioventricular connections were discordant. The recess within the right ventricular outflow tract was seen in four hearts, in all of which the inlet and apical trabecular components of the right ventricle were hypoplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Seo
- From the Department of Paediatrics, The National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - S J Yoo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Ulsan-Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Ho
- From the Department of Paediatrics, The National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Sejong Heart Institute, Pucheonshi, Korea
| | - R H Anderson
- From the Department of Paediatrics, The National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Smerup M, Partridge J, Agger P, Ringgaard S, Pedersen M, Petersen S, Hasenkam JM, Niederer P, Lunkenheimer PP, Anderson RH. A mathematical model of the mechanical link between shortening of the cardiomyocytes and systolic deformation of the left ventricular myocardium. Technol Health Care 2013; 21:63-79. [PMID: 23358060 DOI: 10.3233/thc-120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular myocytes are arranged in a complex three-dimensional mesh. Since all myocytes contract approximately to the same degree, mechanisms must exist to enable force transfer from each of these onto the framework as a whole, despite the transmural differences in deformation strain. This process has hitherto not been clarified in detail. OBJECTIVE To present a geometrical model that establishes a mechanical link between the three-dimensional architecture and the function of the left ventricular myocardium. METHODS The left ventricular equator was modeled as a cylindrical tube of deformable but incompressible material, composed of virtual cardiomyocytes with known diastolic helical and transmural angles. By imposing reference circumferential, longitudinal, and torsional strains onto the model, we created a three-dimensional deformation field to calculate passive shortening of the myocyte surrogates. We tested two diastolic architectures: 1) a simple model with longitudinal myocyte surrogates in the endo- and epicardium, and circular ones in the midwall, and 2) a more accurate architecture, with progressive helical angle distribution varying from -60° in the epicardium to 60° in the endocardium, with or without torsion and transmural cardiomyocyte angulation. RESULTS The simple model caused great transmural unevenness in cardiomyocyte shortening; longitudinal surrogates shortened by 15% at all depths equal to the imposed longitudinal strain, whereas circular surrogates exhibited a maximum shortening of 23.0%. The accurate model exhibited a smooth transmural distribution of cardiomyocyte shortening, with a mean (range) of 17.0 (13.2-20.8)%. Torsion caused a shortening of 17.0 (15.2-18.9)% and transmural angulation caused a shortening of 15.2 (12.4-18.2)%. Combining the effects of transmural angulation and torsion caused a change of 15.2 (13.2-16.5)%. CONCLUSION A continuous transmural distribution of the helical angle is obligatory for smooth shortening of the cardiomyocytes, but a combination of torsional and transmural angulation changes is necessary to execute systolic mural thickening whilst keeping shortening of the cardiomyocytes within its physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Smerup
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anderson
- Cardiothoracic Institute, Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6HP
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21
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Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Wenink AC, Thiene G, Anderson RH, Macartney FJ. Atresia of left atrioventricular orifice. Br Heart J 2010; 47:107-8. [PMID: 18610291 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.47.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Anderson RH, Farrar DB, Thoms SR. Application of discriminant analysis with clustered data to determine anthropogenic metals contamination. Sci Total Environ 2009; 408:50-56. [PMID: 19819526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental site assessments involve, among other things, characterization of the nature and extent of contamination. In general, environmental assessors are interested in empirical methodologies that can be applied to a broad range of environmental media (e.g., soils, sediments, etc.) and situations. To date, no unified guidance has been adopted, and site investigations usually involve a tiered process with multiple analyses. We propose a multivariate analysis methodology utilizing discriminant analysis with clustered chemical concentrations as a novel application to environmental site assessments that determine, in relative order of magnitude, contaminated chemicals. Finite mixture models are presented as a means to assess latent chemical clusters with some basis in statistical inference. The methodology is illustrated with a typical localized data set containing total metal and metalloid (i.e., chemical) concentrations, extracted from bulk soil collected from reference and site-related locations, obtained from a former military installation in the southeast United States. The illustration is particularly applicable because site-related soils inherently possessed higher background chemical levels than reference soils, which biased conventional analyses. However, contrasting chemical compositions were inferred within site-related samples illustrating the versatility of the proposed methodology. Using these results along with known information regarding the history of contamination at the site, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of contaminated chemicals was made. Results are intended for illustration purposes only and are discussed within the context of environmental site assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anderson
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
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23
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Anderson RH, Basta NT, Lanno RP. Partitioning species variability from soil property effects on phytotoxicity: ECx normalization using a plant contaminant sensitivity index. J Environ Qual 2008; 37:1701-1709. [PMID: 18689731 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil properties mitigate hazardous effects of contaminants through soil chemical sequestration and should be considered when evaluating ecological risk from terrestrial contamination. Empirical models that quantify relationships between soil properties and toxicity to ecological receptors are necessary for site-specific adjustments to ecological risk assessments. However, differential sensitivities of test organisms in dose-response studies may limit the utility of such models. We present a novel approach to toxicity estimation that partitions the effect of differential sensitivities of test organisms from that of soil chemical/physical properties. Five soils that ranged in selected properties were spiked with five concentrations of sodium arsenate. Bioassays were conducted where above ground dry matter growth and the corresponding tissue arsenic concentrations were evaluated for three terrestrial plants (Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.; Perennial ryegrass, Lolium perrene L.; and Japanese millet, Echinochloa crusgalli L.). Estimates were combined into a plant contaminant sensitivity index (PCSI) and used to normalize phytotoxicity parameters to the most sensitive species (i.e., alfalfa) where necessary. Simple linear regression and ANCOVA indicated a 36.5% increase in the explanatory power of the modifying effects of soil properties on phytotoxicity when differential arsenate sensitivities were accounted for by PCSI (r(2) = 0.477-0.833). Normalization of ecotoxicity parameters by PCSI is a seemingly effective approach to quantify the modifying effects of soil properties on phytotoxicity endpoints when it is of interest to consider multiple plant species (or varieties within a species) with differential sensitivities to experimental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anderson
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State Univ., 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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24
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Anderson RH, Boyett MR, Dobrzynski H, Yanni J, Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. Letter by anderson et al regarding article, "abnormal conduction and morphology in the atrioventricular node of mice with atrioventricular canal-targeted deletion of Alk3/Bmpr1a receptor". Circulation 2008; 118:e105; author reply e107. [PMID: 18678778 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.767541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Loukas M, Tubbs RS, Bright JL, Fudalej M, Wagner T, Anderson RH. The anatomy of the tendon of the infundibulum revisited. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2007; 66:33-8. [PMID: 17533592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The heart is a muscular organ supported by collagenous tissue. The collagenous tissue is condensed in certain areas to form a supporting framework, often called the fibrous skeleton. The so-called tendon of the infundibulum has previously been described as part of this skeleton, but its structure and incidence remain ill defined. The tendon was initially described as a strip of fibrous tissue running between the aortic root and the pulmonary trunk. Since information on its structure is vague, we sought to evaluate its existence in 100 formalin-fixed adult human hearts obtained from subjects ranging in age from 22 to 86 years, in 20 hearts from infants and children aged from 2 months to 6 years at the time of their death and in 10 cattle hearts. We used classical macroscopic anatomical techniques to demonstrate all the possible connections between the sinuses of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. We then supplemented the macroscopic techniques with serial transverse histological sections taken through the vascular roots, staining the sections with the haematoxylin-eosin, van Gieson, Masson trichrome and orcein staining methods. Fascial bands surrounded by connective tissue were observed in all hearts. In 80 adult hearts and in 16 neonatal hearts we found fascial bands or strips, which connected the aortic and pulmonary roots. Only in two hearts, however, were we able to identify tendon-like structures, and histology revealed that these were formed by tightly packed collagen fibres intermingled with fat, most likely due to advanced age. Thus in those cases where a "tendon" was present it was no more than condensed fascial bands joining together the apposing sinuses of the arterial trunks. In our opinion, therefore, accounts in the literature describing the "tendon of the infundibulum" as a tendinous structure connecting the aortic and pulmonary roots do not accurately represent this anatomical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the characteristic morphological features of hearts with concordant ventriculoarterial connections and parallel arterial trunks, and to provide unequivocally a method to describe their anatomy. DESIGN, METHODS AND PATIENTS: The entire cardiac database and cardiac pathological archive at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was interrogated to identify all patients with concordant ventriculoarterial connections and parallel arterial trunks. The clinical records, autopsy reports and actual cardiac specimens of those who underwent autopsy, were reviewed. RESULTS 8 cases meeting our criteria were identified. The infundibular anatomy was variable, including four hearts with bilateral infundibulums, three with subpulmonary infundibulums and one with bilaterally absent infundibulums. Considerable variability was also found in the type of atrial arrangement, along with the morphology of the atrioventricular junctions. The most common findings were the usual atrial arrangement (n = 5), left juxtaposition of the right atrial appendages (n = 3), an atrial septal defect (n = 6), univentricular atrioventricular connection (n = 5), ventricular septal defect (n = 8) and pulmonary obstruction (n = 4). In addition, five specimens had either a single coronary artery or two coronary arteries arising from the anticipated right coronary aortic sinus. CONCLUSIONS Concordant ventriculoarterial connections with parallel arterial trunks can be found in a variety of segmental combinations. An accurate diagnosis of these rare hearts can be achieved by detailed analysis of not only the ventriculoarterial connections but also the infundibular anatomy and the spatial relationship of the arterial trunks. Particular attention to the coronary arteries is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cavalle-Garrido
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X7, Canada.
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Daubeney PEF, Wang D, Delany DJ, Keeton BR, Anderson RH, Slavik Z, Flather M, Webber SA. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: Predictors of early and medium-term outcome in a population-based study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 130:1071. [PMID: 16214522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2004] [Revised: 05/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is a form of congenital heart disease usually associated with right-heart hypoplasia, with considerable morphologic heterogeneity and often poor outlook. Ascertainment of risk factors for poor outcome is an important step if an improvement in outcome is to be achieved. METHODS The UK and Ireland Collaborative study of Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum is an ongoing population-based study of all patients born with this disease from 1991 through 1995. All available clinical, morphologic, and investigative variables were directly reviewed, and risk factor analysis was performed for poor outcome. RESULTS One hundred eighty-three patients presented with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Fifteen underwent no procedure, and all died. Of the remainder, 67 underwent a right ventricular outflow tract procedure (catheter or surgical), 18 underwent an outflow tract procedure with shunt, and 81 underwent a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt alone. One- and 5-year survival was 70.8% and 63.8%, respectively. Results from Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that low birth weight (P = .024), unipartite right ventricular morphology (P = .001), and the presence of a dilated right ventricle (P < .001) were independent risk factors for death. The presence of coronary artery fistulae, right ventricular dependence, or the tricuspid valvar z score did not prove to be risk factors for death. After up to 9 years of follow-up, 29% have achieved a biventricular repair, 3% a so-called one-and-a-half ventricular repair, and 10.5% a univentricular repair, with 16.5% still having a mixed circulation (41% died). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study has shown which features at presentation place an infant in a high-risk group. This is important information for counseling in fetal life and for surgical strategy after birth.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the architecture of the human sinus node to facilitate understanding of mapping and ablative procedures in its vicinity. METHODS The sinoatrial region was examined in 47 randomly selected adult human hearts by histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The sinus node, crescent-like in shape, and 13.5 (2.5) mm long, was not insulated by a sheath of fibrous tissue. Its margins were irregular, with multiple radiations interdigitating with ordinary atrial myocardium. The distances from the node to endocardium and epicardium were variable. In 72% of the hearts, the whole nodal body was subepicardial and in 13 specimens (28%) the inner aspect of the nodal body was subendocardial. The nodal body cranial to the sinus nodal artery was more subendocardial than the remaining nodal portion, which was separated from the endocardium by the terminal crest. In 50% of hearts, the most caudal boundaries of the body of the node were at least 3.5 mm from the endocardium. When the terminal crest was > 7 mm thick (13 hearts, 28%), the tail was subepicardial or intramyocardial and at least 3 mm from the endocardium. CONCLUSIONS The length of the node, the absence of an insulating sheath, the presence of nodal radiations, and caudal fragments offer a potential for multiple breakthroughs of the nodal wavefront. The very extensive location of the nodal tissue, the cooling effect of the nodal artery, and the interposing thick terminal crest caudal to this artery have implications for nodal ablation or modification with endocardial catheter techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sánchez-Quintana
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Andrews RE, Yates RWM, Sullivan ID, Cook AC, Anderson RH, Lees CC. Early fetal diagnosis of monochorionic twins concordant for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24:101-102. [PMID: 15229925 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Lunkenheimer PP, Redmann K, Florek J, Fassnacht U, Cryer CW, Wübbeling F, Niederer P, Anderson RH. The forces generated within the musculature of the left ventricular wall. Heart 2004; 90:200-7. [PMID: 14729798 PMCID: PMC1768069 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.011650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that two populations of myocardial fibres-fibres aligned parallel to the surfaces of the wall and an additional population of fibres that extend obliquely through the wall-when working in concert produce a dualistic, self stabilising arrangement. METHODS Assessment of tensile forces in the walls of seven porcine hearts by using needle probes. Ventricular diameter was measured with microsonometry and the intracavitary pressure through a fluid filled catheter. Positive inotropism was induced by dopamine, and negative inotropism by thiopental. The preload was raised by volume load and lowered by withdrawal of blood. Afterload was increased by inflation of a balloon in the aortic root. The anatomical orientation of the fibres was established subsequently in histological sections. RESULTS The forces in the fibres parallel to the surface decreased 20-35% during systolic shrinkage of the ventricle, during negative inotropism, and during ventricular unloading. They increased 10-30% on positive inotropic stimulation and with augmentation in preload and afterload. The forces in the oblique transmural fibres increased 8-65% during systole, on positive inotropic medication, with an increase in afterload and during ventricular shrinkage, and decreased 36% on negative inotropic medication. There was a delay of up to 147 ms in the drop in activity during relaxation in the oblique transmural fibres. CONCLUSION Although the two populations of myocardial fibres are densely interwoven, it is possible to distinguish their functions with force probes. The delayed drop in force during relaxation in obliquely oriented fibres indicates that they are hindered in their shortening to an extent that parallels any increase in mural thickness. The transmural fibres, therefore, contribute to stiffening of the ventricular wall and hence to confining ventricular compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Lunkenheimer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefässchirurgie, University Münster, Munster, Germany.
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Lunkenheimer PP, Anderson RH. Apical versus basal partial ventriculectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:2109-10; author reply 2110-1. [PMID: 14688747 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)01330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Farré J, Cabrera JA, Sánchez-Quintana D, Ho SY, Anderson RH. [Anatomy of the atria for rhythmologists]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2003; 96 Spec No 7:32-6. [PMID: 15272519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The anatomy of the atria is always in the mind of interventional rhythmologists. There is a mental superposition of the anatomical structures and the references obtained by different incidences of fluoroscopy and the endocavitary electrocardiogram. But understanding the anatomy also requires a certain knowledge of dissection to determine, for example, the orientation of bundles of muscle fibres and anatomical sections. The sino-atrial node is situated at a distance from the endocardium. It is long and protected by its own artery which makes it difficult to reach. The atrio-ventricular node has multiple posterior expansions which correspond to the sites where radiofrequency ablation is effective. The cavo-tricuspid isthmus is the target zone for the treatment of atrial flutter but radiofrequency ablation which must be long may be applied at three different levels: inferolateral, median (the most common site) or inferoseptal. Finally, atrial fibrillation has incited many studies of the muscular extensions of the left atrium to the pulmonary veins, the morphological variations of these veins and the organisation of the muscle fibres of the left atrial wall. They have inspired new concepts of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Farré
- Servicio de cardiologia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Espagne.
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Lunkenheimer PP, Redmann K, Florek JC, Scheld HH, Hoffmeier A, Cryer CW, Batista RV, Stanton JJ, Frota Filho JD, Anderson RH. Surgical reduction of ventricular radius by aspirated plication of the myocardial wall: an experimental study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:592-6. [PMID: 12928666 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P P Lunkenheimer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Thorax, Herz, and Gefässchirurgie, Universitätskliniken Munster, Domagkstrasse 11, 48129 Munster, Germany.
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Sunyer J, Atkinson R, Ballester F, Le Tertre A, Ayres JG, Forastiere F, Forsberg B, Vonk JM, Bisanti L, Anderson RH, Schwartz J, Katsouyanni K. Respiratory effects of sulphur dioxide: a hierarchical multicity analysis in the APHEA 2 study. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60:e2. [PMID: 12883029 PMCID: PMC1740605 DOI: 10.1136/oem.60.8.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) was associated with hospital admissions for asthma in children in the original APHEA study, but not with other respiratory admissions. AIMS To assess the association between daily levels of SO(2) and daily levels of respiratory admissions in a larger and more recent study. METHODS Time series of daily counts of hospital emergency admissions were constructed for asthma at ages 0-14 years and 15-64 years, COPD and asthma, and all respiratory admissions at ages 65+ years in the cities of Birmingham, London, Milan, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, and in the Netherlands for periods of varying duration between the years 1988 and 1997. A two stage hierarchical modelling approach was used. In the first stage generalised additive Poisson regression models were fitted in each city controlling for weather and season. These results were then combined across cities in a second stage ecological regression that looked at potential effect modifiers. RESULTS For an increase of 10 micro g/m(3) of SO(2) the daily number of admissions for asthma in children increased 1.3% (95% CI 0.4% to 2.2%). Effect modification among cities by levels of other air pollutants or temperature was not found. The SO(2) effect disappeared after controlling for PM(10) or CO, but correlation among these pollutants was very high. Other respiratory admissions were not associated with SO(2). CONCLUSION SO(2) is associated with asthma admissions in children, indicating that reduction in current air pollution levels could lead to a decrease in the number of asthma admissions in children in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sunyer
- Unitat de Recerca Respiratoria i Ambiental, Institut Municipal Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003-Barcelona, Spain.
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Lunkenheimer PP, Redmann K, Kimaun D, Cryer CW, Wübbeling F, Konertz W, Zytowsky A, Hotz H, Ho SY, Anderson RH. A critical evaluation of results of partial left ventriculectomy. J Card Surg 2003; 18:225-35. [PMID: 12809396 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8191.2003.02026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the variation in the surgical procedures designed to reduce ventricular radius, along with differences in hospital care, it is difficult to disentangle the factors that may contribute to the success or failure of the partial left ventriculectomy. METHODS AND RESULTS We undertook partial left ventriculectomy in 18 patients, 10 suffering from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 8 from ischemic heart disease. We assessed the amount of reduction in wall stress, the systolic thickening of the ventricular wall, and the extent of connective tissue in the excised segment of the wall. Of the overall group, six patients died, three from infarction, one of stroke, one with asystole, and one with ventricular fibrillation. The mean decrease in measured mesh tension was 40% (p < 0.001). Most patients exhibited improvements postoperatively in terms of the systolic thickening of the posterior and superior free walls of the left ventricle. In those in whom the events could be monitored, life-threatening arrhythmias posed complications in three of four patients with ischemic heart disease, and in two of six patients suffering from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In one patient, death was associated with a transmural alignment of fibrous tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our measured reductions in myocardial mesh tension were in keeping with the anticipated theoretical reduction in wall stress expected from partial ventriculectomy. The basic concept underscoring surgical maneuvers to reduce ventricular radius, therefore, is sound. A potential trap is the resection of the marginal artery. Critical myofibrosis was a rare complication. Arrhythmias, which are common, can successfully be treated by implantation of antitachycardic and defibrillatory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Lunkenheimer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Thorax, Herz und Gefèasschirurgie, University Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the detailed anatomy of the terminal crest (crista terminalis) and its junctional regions with the pectinate muscles and intercaval area to provide the yardstick for structural normality. DESIGN 97 human necropsy hearts were studied from patients who were not known to have medical histories of atrial arrhythmias. The dimensions of the terminal crest were measured in width and thickness from epicardium to endocardium, at the four points known to be chosen as sites of ablation. RESULTS The pectinate muscles originating from the crest and extending along the wall of the appendage towards the vestibule of the tricuspid valve had a non-uniform trabecular pattern in 80% of hearts. Fine structure of the terminal crest studied using light and scanning electron microscopy consisted of much thicker and more numerous fibrous sheaths of endomysium with increasing age of the patient. 36 specimens of 45 (80%) specimens studied by electron microscopy had a predominantly uniform longitudinal arrangement of myocardial fibres within the terminal crest. In contrast, in all specimens, the junctional areas of the terminal crest with the pectinate muscles and with the intercaval area had crossing and non-uniform architecture of myofibres. CONCLUSIONS The normal anatomy of the muscle fibres and connective tissue in the junctional area of the terminal crest/pectinate muscles and terminal crest/intercaval bundle favours non-uniform anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sánchez-Quintana
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Badajoz, Spain
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Deng J, Yates R, Sullivan ID, McDonald D, Linney AD, Lees WR, Anderson RH, Rodeck CH. Dynamic three-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound of human fetal intracardiac flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20:131-136. [PMID: 12153663 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop dynamic three-dimensional ultrasound techniques for prenatal imaging of the intracardiovascular flow as well as the cardiovascular structure to address difficulties in assessing the spatially complex hemodynamics and morphology of the fetal heart. METHODS Gray-scale and color (velocity) Doppler echocardiography were performed on 12 fetuses to provide serial anatomical and rheological tomograms which were spatially registered in three dimensions. Using a second ultrasound machine simultaneously, spectral Doppler ultrasound was performed to record umbilical arterial waveforms, thus providing the temporal (fourth) dimension in terms of the cardiac cycle and facilitating removal of motion artifacts. RESULTS Acquisitions were successful in eight of 15 attempts. Imaging of the flow of blood in four dimensions was achieved in six of the eight datasets. In one case with complex cardiac malformations, three-dimensional reconstructions at systole and diastole offered dynamic diagnostic views not appreciated on the cross-sectional images. CONCLUSIONS Our novel technique has made possible the prenatal visualization of the spatial distribution and true direction of intracardiac flow of blood in four dimensions in the absence of motion artifacts. The technique suggests that diagnosis of cardiac malformations can be made on the basis of morphological and hemodynamic changes throughout the entire cardiac cycle, offering unique and significant information complementary to conventional techniques. Further work to integrate the several non-purpose-built machines into a single system will improve the rate of acquisition of data, and may provide a new means of imaging and modeling structure and hemodynamics, not only for the fetal heart but for many other moving body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Dodge-Khatami A, Miller OI, Anderson RH, Gil-Jaurena JM, Goldman AP, de Leval MR. Impact of junctional ectopic tachycardia on postoperative morbidity following repair of congenital heart defects. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 21:255-9. [PMID: 11825732 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(01)01089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET), we reviewed 343 consecutive patients undergoing surgery between 1997 and 1999. The impact of this arrhythmia on in-hospital morbidity and our protocol for treatment were assessed. METHODS We reviewed the postoperative course of patients undergoing surgery for ventricular septal defect (VSD; n=161), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n=114), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD; n=58) and common arterial trunk (n=10). All patients with JET received treatment, in a stepwise manner, beginning with surface cooling, continuous intravenous amiodarone, and/or atrial pacing if the haemodynamics proved unstable. A linear regression model assessed the effect of these treatments upon hours of mechanical ventilation, and stay on the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). RESULTS Overall mortality was 2.9% (n=10), with three of these patients having JET and TOF. JET occurred in 37 patients (10.8%), most frequently after TOF repair (21.9%), followed by AVSD (10.3%), VSD (3.7%), and with no occurrence after repair of common arterial trunk. Mean ventilation time increased from 83 to 187 h amongst patients without and with JET patients (P<0.0001). Accordingly, CICU stay increased from 107 to 210 h when JET occurred (P<0.0001). Surface cooling was associated with a prolongation of ventilation and CICU stay, by 74 and 81 h, respectively (P<0.02; P<0.02). Amiodarone prolonged ventilation and CICU stay, respectively, by 274 and 275 h (P<0.05; P<0.06). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative JET adds considerably to morbidity after congenital cardiac surgery, and is particularly frequent after TOF repair. Aggressive treatment with cooling and/or amiodarone is mandatory, but correlates with increased mechanical ventilation time and CICU stay. Better understanding of the mechanism underlying JET is required to achieve prevention, faster arrhythmic conversion, and reduction of associated in-hospital morbidity.
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MESH Headings
- Amiodarone/administration & dosage
- Analysis of Variance
- Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
- Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods
- Cardiac Surgical Procedures/mortality
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality
- Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnosis
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Linear Models
- Male
- Postoperative Complications/mortality
- Postoperative Period
- Probability
- Prognosis
- Respiration, Artificial
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Survival Rate
- Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional/complications
- Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional/mortality
- Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional/therapy
- Tetralogy of Fallot/diagnosis
- Tetralogy of Fallot/mortality
- Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dodge-Khatami
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Giamberti A, Kalis NN, Anderson RH, de Leval MR. Atrioventricular septal defect with 'absent' pulmonary valve in the setting of Down's syndrome: a rare association. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 20:1252-4. [PMID: 11717042 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(01)01018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of a 2-year-old boy with Down's syndrome, atrioventricular septal defect and so-called 'absent pulmonary valve syndrome'. Diagnostic imaging also revealed the presence of an anomalous high origin of the right coronary artery from the ascending aorta. Surgical repair was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giamberti
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Anderson RH. The 4th international six-day symposium. Prague, Czech Republic: 16-21 September 2001. Cardiol Young 2001; 11:654-9. [PMID: 12125591 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951101001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Anderson
- Cardiac Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a newly acquired archive of previously prepared material, we sought to re-examine the origin of the pulmonary vein in the human heart, aiming to determine whether it originates from the systemic venous sinus ("sinus venosus"), or appears as a new structure draining to the left atrium. In addition, we examined the temporal sequence of incorporation of the initially solitary pulmonary vein to the stage at which four venous orifices opened to the left atrium. METHODS We studied 26 normal human embryos, ranging from 3.8 mm to 112 mm crown-rump length, and representing the period from the 12th Carnegie stage to 15 weeks of gestation. RESULTS The pulmonary vein canalised as a solitary vessel within the mediastinal tissues so as to connect the intraparenchymal pulmonary venous networks to the heart, using the regressing dorsal mesocardium as its portal of cardiac entry. The vein was always distinct from the tributaries of the embryonic systemic venous sinus. The orifice of the solitary vein became committed to the left atrium by growth of the vestibular spine. During development, a marked disparity was seen between the temporal and morphological patterns of incorporation of the left-sided and right-sided veins into the left atrium. The pattern of the primary bifurcation was asymmetrical, a much longer tributary being formed on the left than on the right. Contact between the atrial wall and the venous tributary on the left initially produced a shelf, which became effaced with incorporation of the two left-sided veins into the atrium. CONCLUSIONS The initial process of formation of the human pulmonary vein is very similar to that seen in animal models. The walls of the initially solitary vein in humans become incorporated by a morphologically asymmetric process so that four pulmonary veins eventually drain independently into the left atrium. Failure of incorporation on the left side may provide the substrate for congenital division of the left atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Webb
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
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Qayyum SR, Webb S, Anderson RH, Verbeek FJ, Brown NA, Richardson MK. Septation and valvar formation in the outflow tract of the embryonic chick heart. Anat Rec 2001; 264:273-83. [PMID: 11596009 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is no agreement, in the chick, about the number of the endocardial cushions within the outflow tract or their pattern of fusion. Also, little is known of their relative contributions to the formation of the arterial valves, the subpulmonary infundibulum, and the arterial valvar sinuses. As the chick heart is an important model for studying septation of the outflow tract, our objective was to clarify these issues. Normal septation of the outflow tract was studied in a series of 60 staged chick hearts, by using stained whole-mount preparations, serial sections, and scanning electron microscopy. A further six hearts were examined subsequent to hatching. At stage 21, two pairs of endocardial cushions were seen within the developing outflow tract. One pair was positioned proximally, with the other pair located distally. By stage 25, a third distal cushion had developed. This finding was before the appearance of two further, intercalated, endocardial cushions, also distally positioned, which were first seen at stage 29. In the arterial segment, the aortic and pulmonary channels were separated by the structure known as the aortopulmonary septum. The dorsal limb of this septum penetrated the distal dorsal cushion, whereas the ventral limb grew between the remaining two distal cushions, both of which were positioned ventrally. The three distal endocardial cushions, and the two intercalated endocardial cushions, contributed to the formation of the leaflets and sinuses of the arterial roots. The two proximal cushions gave rise to a transient septum, which later became transformed into the muscular component of the subpulmonary infundibulum. Concomitant with these changes, an extracardiac tissue plane was formed which separated this newly formed structure from the sinuses of the aortic root. Our study confirms that three endocardial cushions are positioned distally, and two proximally, within the developing outflow tract of the chick. The pattern of the distal cushions, and the position of the ventral limb of the aortopulmonary septum, differs significantly from that seen in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Qayyum
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom
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Chow LT, Chow SS, Anderson RH, Gosling JA. Autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system: changes from infancy to senility--an immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis. Anat Rec 2001; 264:169-82. [PMID: 11590594 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the changes in the pattern of autonomic innervation of the human cardiac conduction system in relation to age, the innervation of the conduction system of 24 human hearts (the age of the individuals ranged from newborn to 80 years), freshly obtained at autopsy, was evaluated by a combination of immunofluorescence and histochemical techniques. The pattern of distribution and density of nerves exhibiting immunoreactivity against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), a general neural marker, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicators for presumptive sympathetic neural tissue, and those demonstrating positive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were studied. All these nerves showed a similar pattern of distribution and developmental changes. The density of innervation, assessed semiquantitatively, was highest in the sinus node, and exhibited a decreasing gradient through the atrioventricular node, penetrating and branching bundle, to the bundle branches. Other than a paucity of those showing AChE activity, nerves were present in substantial quantities in infancy. They then increased in density to a maximum in childhood, at which time the adult pattern was achieved and then gradually decreased in density in the elders to a level similar to or slightly less than that in infancy. In contrast, only scattered AChE-positive nerves were found in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, but were absent from the bundle branches of the infant heart, whereas these conduction tissues themselves possessing a substantial amount of pseudocholinesterase. During maturation into adulthood, however, the conduction tissues gradually lost their content of pseudocholinesterase but acquired a rich supply of AChE-positive nerves, comparable in density to those of DBH and TH nerves. The decline in density of AChE-positive nerves in the conduction tissues in the elders was also similar to those of DBH and TH nerves. Our findings of initial sympathetic dominance in the neural supply to the human cardiac conduction system in infancy, and its gradual transition into a sympathetic and parasympathetic codominance in adulthood, correlate well with the physiologic alterations known to occur in cardiac rate during postnatal development. The finding of reduction in density of innervation of the conduction tissue with ageing is also in agreement with clinical and electrophysiological findings such as age-associated reduction in cardiac response to parasympathetic stimulation. Finally, our findings also support the hypothesis that, in addition to the para-arterial route, the parafascicular route of extension along the conduction tissue constitutes another pathway for the innervation of the conduction system of the human heart during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation of tissues in pulmonary veins can eliminate paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of normal pulmonary veins so as to provide more information relevant to radiofrequency ablation. METHODS 20 structurally normal heart specimens were examined grossly. Histological sections were made from 65 pulmonary veins. RESULTS The longest myocardial sleeves were found in the superior veins. The sleeves were thickest at the venoatrial junction in the left superior pulmonary veins. For the superior veins, the sleeves were thickest along the inferior walls and thinnest superiorly. The sleeves were composed mainly of circularly or spirally oriented bundles of myocytes with additional bundles that were longitudinally or obliquely oriented, sometimes forming mesh-like arrangements. Fibrotic changes estimated at between 5% and 70% across three transverse sections were seen in 17 veins that were from individuals aged 30 to 72 years. CONCLUSIONS The myocardial architecture in normal pulmonary veins is highly variable. The complex arrangement, stretch, and increase in fibrosis may produce greater non-uniform anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ho
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Anderson
- Cardiac Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Abstract
An infant with a cardiac murmur was found to have a patent arterial duct and an anomalous left pulmonary artery. The duct was surgically ligated at the age of 8 months, and she remained free of cardiac or respiratory symptoms up to her death at 6 years from an unrelated intestinal condition. An anomaly was discovered at post mortem examination; the left pulmonary artery arose from the right pulmonary artery and passed behind the trachea to enter the left lung. We describe and illustrate the anatomic features of this well-recognized entity, discuss the embryological substrate, and refer to the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Gerlis
- Department of Paediatrics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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