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Widiastuti EL, Afifa AD, Tugiyono T, Umar S, Mumtazah DF, Hadi S. Plankton diversity and its heavy metal content in Ratai Bay of Pesawaran district, Lampung, Indonesia. J Water Health 2023; 21:663-675. [PMID: 37387334 PMCID: wh_2023_209 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activity in Way Ratai River produces heavy metal wastes; therefore, further information regarding heavy metal concentrations in the water was needed, especially in plankton samples. Furthermore, the determination of plankton diversity was also carried out in the waters of Way Ratai to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF). Eight sampling sites were chosen along the river reaching the coast of Way Ratai. The research was conducted in November 2020 and March 2021. Ten heavy metals, Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn that are commonly found in mining areas, were determined in the water and plankton samples by using ICP-OES. The results indicated that the highest concentration found was Fe in plankton samples (0.725 mg/L in the river and 1.294 mg/L on the coast). Meanwhile, contents of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the river exceeded the predetermined water quality standards, while Ag and Pb metals were not detected. The Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn content in seawater also exceeded quality standards. The highest BCF value (12.96) was found for Fe at station G, whereas the lowest BCF value (0.13) was found for Ag at stations G and H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Linirin Widiastuti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia E-mail:
| | - A D Afifa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - T Tugiyono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - S Umar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - D F Mumtazah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
| | - S Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
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Ahmed SH, Nguku P, Gidado SO, Bawa MK, Shehu UL, Abdullahi A, Obansa RU, Getso KI, Mahmoud MN, Bello IW, Sharif YM, Abba B, Umar S, Waziri NE, Ohunabunwo C. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Kano State, Nigeria, 2010 - 2017. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:9. [PMID: 36157557 PMCID: PMC9474848 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2021.40.1.19318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kano State in Northern Nigeria was a major source of Wild Polio Virus (WPV) cases in Nigeria up until 2015. In 2009, the State reported 168 WPV cases out of the 388 reported nationally. This paper characterizes the progress made by Kano State in polio eradication. Methods In December 2017, we conducted a descriptive review of Routine Immunization (RI) from both the District Vaccine Data Management Tool (DVD-MT) and District Health Information System (DHIS2) from 2010 to 2017. Also, we reviewed the Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) and Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) data reported for Kano State from 2010 to 2017. Also, we obtained the number of reported WPV cases by serotypes. Results From 2010 to 2017, a total of 65 confirmed WPV cases were reported in Kano State. Of these, 58 (89%) were WPV1 and 7 (11%) WPV3. Almost half of these cases were reported in 2012 from 14 LGAs. The number of reported cases fell to 15 (23%) in 10 LGAs in 2013, and further decreased to 5 (8%) in four LGAs in 2014. No new WPV cases have been detected in Kano since 2015. During the same period, 23 circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Viruses (cVDPV2) cases were reported in Kano. Specifically, 10 LGAs reported 10 cases in 2011. Three LGAs reported three cases in 2012, while eight LGAs reported 10 total cases in 2014. During the 2010 to 2017 period 61 SIAs were conducted. Conclusion Kano State made progress toward polio eradication. Sustained eradication efforts, in form of high quality RI, SIAs and AFP surveillance are necessary to avert possible importation from 2016 polio resurgence in nearby Borno State, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Haladu Ahmed
- Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria,,Corresponding author: Suleiman Haladu Ahmed, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bashir Abba
- World Health Organization, Kano Office, Nigeria
| | - Sani Umar
- World Health Organization, Kano Office, Nigeria
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Tukur M, Umar S, Hassine J. Requirement Engineering Challenges: A Systematic Mapping Study on the Academic and the Industrial Perspective. Arab J Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Umar S, Shah MAA, Munir MT, Yaqoob M, Fiaz M, Anjum S, Kaboudi K, Bouzouaia M, Younus M, Nisa Q, Iqbal M, Umar W. Retraction notice to "Synergistic effects of thymoquinone and curcumin on immune response and anti-viral activity against avian influenza virus (H9N2) in turkeys" [Poult. Sci. 95 (2016) 1513-1520]. Poult Sci 2020; 99:R4101. [PMID: 33044919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The authors retract the above paper due to: 1) conflict of interest among the authors; and 2) addition of coauthor Dr. Muhammad Younus without his knowledge or permission. The authors apologize for these two grave mistakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M A A Shah
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M T Munir
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Yaqoob
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Fiaz
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S Anjum
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - K Kaboudi
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - M Bouzouaia
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - M Younus
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Q Nisa
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - W Umar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
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Yilmaz A, Turan N, Bayraktar E, Tali HE, Aydin O, Umar S, Cakan B, Sadeyen JR, Baigent S, Iqbal M, Nair V, Yilmaz H. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of Marek's disease virus in Turkish layer chickens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:523-530. [PMID: 32316760 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1758301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. There is no current data about the genotypes of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in Turkish poultry flocks; hence, this study was performed to analyse CVI988/Rispens, turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine viruses and MDV field viruses as well as to perform phylogenetic analysis of MDV in Turkish layer chickens. 2. In 2017 and 2018, a total of 602 spleen samples from 49 layer flocks were collected from the Marmara, West Black Sea and Aegean regions. DNA was extracted from the spleen samples and the samples were analysed by real-time PCR probe assay to detect CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine viruses and MDV field strains. Samples found positive for MDV by real-time PCR were subjected to PCR using the Meq gene primers for phylogenetic analysis. 3. Amongst 49 flocks, virulent MDV was detected in nine flocks. CVI988/Rispens and HVT vaccine strains were detected in 47 flocks and HVT in all 49 flocks. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and tumours in the oviduct were observed in chickens of affected flocks. Virulent MDV was detected in 120 out of 602 spleen samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses showed that MDVs detected in this study were closely related to MDV strains from Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, India and China but showed diversity with MDV strains from Egypt and Hungary. Multiple sequence analysis of the Meq protein revealed several point mutations in deduced amino acid sequences. Interestingly, CVI988/Rispens vaccine virus from China (AF493555) showed mutations at position 66 (G66R) and 71 (S66A) along with two other vaccine strains from China (GU354326.1) and Russia (EU032468.1), in comparison with the other vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens (DQ534538). The molecular analyses of the Meq gene suggested that Turkish field strains of MDV are in the class of virulent or very virulent pathotypes. 4. The results have shown that MDV still affects poultry health, and the phylogenetic and amino acid variation data obtained will help in vaccination and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Turan
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Bayraktar
- Poultry Division, CEVA Animal Health , Maslak, Turkey
| | - H E Tali
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Aydin
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Umar
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Cakan
- Poultry Division, CEVA Animal Health , Maslak, Turkey
| | - J-R Sadeyen
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute , Woking, UK
| | - S Baigent
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute , Woking, UK
| | - M Iqbal
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute , Woking, UK
| | - V Nair
- Avian Influenza Group, The Pirbright Institute , Woking, UK
| | - H Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Veterinary Faculty , Istanbul, Turkey
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Mohammed A, Umar S, Ismaila A, Abdulkarim M. Assessment of metal availability in dumpsite soil using neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
No Abstract.
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Vaisson G, Witteman HO, Chipenda-Dansokho S, Saragosa M, Bouck Z, Bravo CA, Desveaux L, Llovet D, Presseau J, Taljaard M, Umar S, Grimshaw JM, Tinmouth J, Ivers NM. Testing e-mail content to encourage physicians to access an audit and feedback tool: a factorial randomized experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:205-216. [PMID: 31285667 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In Ontario, an online audit and feedback tool that provides primary care physicians with detailed information about patients who are overdue for cancer screening is underused. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of messages operationalizing 3 behaviour change techniques on access to the audit and feedback tool and on cancer screening rates. Methods During May-September 2017, a pragmatic 2×2×2 factorial experiment tested 3 behaviour change techniques: anticipated regret, material incentive, and problem-solving. Outcomes were assessed using routinely collected administrative data. A qualitative process evaluation explored how and why the e-mail messages did or did not support Screening Activity Report access. Results Of 5449 primary care physicians randomly allocated to 1 of 8 e-mail messages, fewer than half opened the messages and fewer than 1 in 10 clicked through the messages. Messages with problem-solving content were associated with a 12.9% relative reduction in access to the tool (risk ratio: 0.871; 95% confidence interval: 0.791 to 0.958; p = 0.005), but a 0.3% increase in cervical cancer screening (rate ratio: 1.003; 95% confidence interval: 1.001 to 1.006; p = 0.003). If true, that association would represent 7568 more patients being screened. No other significant effects were observed. Conclusions For audit and feedback to work, recipients must engage with the data; for e-mail messages to prompt activity, recipients must open and review the message content. This large factorial experiment demonstrated that small changes in the content of such e-mail messages might influence clinical behaviour. Future research should focus on strategies to make cancer screening more user-centred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vaisson
- Quebec: Office of Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University (Vaisson, Witteman, Chipenda-Dansokho), Research Centre of the CHU de Québec, Laval University (Vaisson, Witteman), Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University (Witteman), and Laval University Primary Care Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City (Witteman)
| | - H O Witteman
- Quebec: Office of Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University (Vaisson, Witteman, Chipenda-Dansokho), Research Centre of the CHU de Québec, Laval University (Vaisson, Witteman), Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University (Witteman), and Laval University Primary Care Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City (Witteman)
| | - S Chipenda-Dansokho
- Quebec: Office of Education and Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University (Vaisson, Witteman, Chipenda-Dansokho), Research Centre of the CHU de Québec, Laval University (Vaisson, Witteman), Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University (Witteman), and Laval University Primary Care Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City (Witteman)
| | - M Saragosa
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - Z Bouck
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - C A Bravo
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - L Desveaux
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - D Llovet
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - J Presseau
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - M Taljaard
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - S Umar
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - J M Grimshaw
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - J Tinmouth
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
| | - N M Ivers
- Ontario: Family Practice Health Centre, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Desveaux, Ivers); Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto (Saragosa, Bouck, Desveaux, Ivers); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto (Bouck); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Bravo, Llovet, Umar, Tinmouth); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (Llovet); Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard, Grimshaw); School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau, Taljaard); School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Presseau); Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Grimshaw); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto (Tinmouth); Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Tinmouth); and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (Ivers)
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Murtaza A, Ahmad M, Zubair M, Umar S, Mushtaq A, Gul A, Khan AU. Comparative effects of addition of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione on cryopreservation of Sahiwal bull semen. J HELL VET MED SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.19619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on the quality of frozen-thawed semen of Sahiwal bulls. Semen was collected twice a week for 8 weeks by artificial vagina from six Sahiwal bulls, kept at the Semen Production Unit Qadirabad, Sahiwal-Pakistan. After gross and microscopic evaluation, qualifying semen ejaculates were divided into 10 equal aliquots and diluted in extenders enriched with no antioxidants (control); or supplemented with either SOD (50, 100 and 200 IU/mL), or GSH (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) or their combinations (50 IU/mL SOD and 0.5 mM GSH, 100 IU/mL SOD and 1 mM GSH and 200 IU/mL SOD and 2 mM GSH). Samples were then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for 24 h. The following parameters were evaluated for semen quality: post-thawed sperm motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity. According to the results, sperm motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity were significantly (P<0.05) higher in samples treated either with 100 IU/mL of SOD; 1 mM and 2 mM of GSH or 50 IU/mL of SOD plus 0.5 mM of GSH. In conclusion, semen quality might be improved by supplementing semen extenders with 100 IU/mL of SOD; 0.5 and 1 mM of GSH and combination of 50 IU/mL and 0.5 mM of SOD and GSH, respectively.
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Mahmood A, Younus M, Aslam A, Anjum AA, Umar S, Mushtaq A, Sohai ML. Evidence of Biological Detoxification Potential of Saccharomyces cervisiae against Aflatoxin B1 in Quails (Coturnix japonica). PAK J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.3.887.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bayraktar E, Umar S, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Cakan B, Iqbal M, Yilmaz H. First Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) in Turkish Broiler Flocks. Avian Dis 2018; 62:425-430. [PMID: 31119927 DOI: 10.1637/11915-061818-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Viral respiratory diseases, including avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), have a significant economic impact on poultry industries. The frequency and genotype diversity of aMPV in Turkish broiler flocks is not known at present. The aim of this study was to report the first molecular identification and phylogeny of aMPV, which is circulating in Turkish broiler flocks. Trachea tissue samples and tracheal swabs were collected from 110 broiler flocks distributed in different geographical regions in Turkey between March 2017 and March 2018. Detection of aMPV was confirmed with the use of universal reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR, and eight (7.2%) broiler farms were positive for aMPV. Sequence analysis of the G gene revealed the exclusive presence of subtype B viruses. Three field isolates clustered closely with a 2002 Israel isolate, indicating a potential transmission route between these two countries and through the Middle East. The remaining five field isolates were closely related to a vaccine strain, even though broiler flocks in Turkey are not routinely vaccinated against aMPV. Therefore, we speculate these five isolates could have originated from nearby vaccinated turkey farms. Additionally, the presence of some nucleotide substitutions compared to the reference vaccine sequence suggests prolonged circulation and evolution of the original vaccine virus or a vaccine subpopulation was selected under field conditions. This evidence emphasizes the need for further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate aMPV spread and evolution in order to design effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bayraktar
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Section, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Umar
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Turan
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - C M Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - B Cakan
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Section, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom
| | - H Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Bawa S, McNab C, Nkwogu L, Braka F, Obinya E, Galway M, Mirelman AJ, Hammanyero KI, Safiyanu G, Chukwuji M, Ongwae K, Mkanda P, Corkum M, Hegg L, Tollefson D, Umar S, Audu S, Gunda H, Chinta M, Jean Baptiste AE, Bagana M, Shuaib F. Using the polio programme to deliver primary health care in Nigeria: implementation research. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 97:24-32. [PMID: 30618462 PMCID: PMC6307512 DOI: 10.2471/blt.18.211565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate a project that integrated essential primary health-care services into the oral polio vaccine programme in hard-to-reach, underserved communities in northern Nigeria. Methods In 2013, Nigeria’s polio emergency operation centre adopted a new approach to rapidly raise polio immunity and reduce newborn, child and maternal morbidity and mortality. We identified, trained and equipped eighty-four mobile health teams to provide free vaccination and primary-care services in 3176 hard-to-reach settlements. We conducted cross-sectional surveys of women of childbearing age in households with children younger than 5 years, in 317 randomly selected settlements, pre- and post-intervention (March 2014 and November 2015, respectively). Findings From June 2014 to September 2015 mobile health teams delivered 2 979 408 doses of oral polio vaccine and dewormed 1 562 640 children younger than 5 years old; performed 676 678 antenatal consultations and treated 1 682 671 illnesses in women and children, including pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria. The baseline survey found that 758 (19.6%) of 3872 children younger than 5 years had routine immunization cards and 690/3872 (17.8%) were fully immunized for their age. The endline survey found 1757/3575 children (49.1%) with routine immunization cards and 1750 (49.0%) fully immunized. Children vaccinated with 3 or more doses of oral polio vaccine increased from 2133 (55.1%) to 2666 (74.6%). Households’ use of mobile health services in the previous 6 months increased from 509/1472 (34.6%) to 2060/2426(84.9%). Conclusion Integrating routine primary-care services into polio eradication activities in Nigeria resulted in increased coverage for supplemental oral polio vaccine doses and essential maternal, newborn and child health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bawa
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, UN House, 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja. 900001, Nigeria
| | | | - Loveday Nkwogu
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, UN House, 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja. 900001, Nigeria
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, UN House, 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja. 900001, Nigeria
| | - Esther Obinya
- United Nations Children's Fund, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Michael Galway
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States of America
| | | | - Kulchumi Isa Hammanyero
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, UN House, 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja. 900001, Nigeria
| | - Garba Safiyanu
- United Nations Children's Fund, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Martin Chukwuji
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, UN House, 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja. 900001, Nigeria
| | | | - Pascal Mkanda
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Lea Hegg
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Deanna Tollefson
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Sani Umar
- World Health Organization, Kano Office, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Audu
- World Health Organization, Borno Office, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Hassan Gunda
- World Health Organization, Bauchi Office, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Modu Chinta
- World Health Organization, Yobe Office, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Anne Eudes Jean Baptiste
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, UN House, 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Area District, Abuja. 900001, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bagana
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Papineni R, Umar S, Goltsov A, Ahmed I. Systems Radiopharmacotherapy: A Paradigm in Drug Repurposing with Immune Modulatory Potential. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Umar S, Ahmad M, Ahmad I, Zubair M, Umar Z, Qureshi AS, Manzoor A, Murtaza A, Shaukat A. Correlation of biochemical constituents of seminal plasma with semen quality in Teddy goat (Capra hircus) bucks. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29230840 DOI: 10.1111/and.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was planned to determine the relationship between semen quality parameters and the levels of biochemical constituents of seminal plasma of Teddy (Capra hircus) buck semen. For this purpose, semen ejaculates were collected from five mature healthy Teddy bucks. All the experimental bucks were kept under natural environmental conditions. Semen was collected twice in a week for the duration of 6 weeks by Artificial Vagina (AV) in the breeding season (February-April). Two successive ejaculates of single buck were pooled at time of collection, and a total of 60 semen samples were processed for semen analysis. Sperm per cent motility, sperm concentration, dead sperm percentage, morphological abnormal spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity were correlated with biochemical constituents of seminal plasma. The mean per cent motility (89.18% ± 0.37%), sperm concentration (1.86 ± 0.04 × 109 /ml), dead sperm percentage (8.08% ± 0.29%), morphological abnormal spermatozoa (6.05% ± 0.29%) and plasma membrane integrity (88.22% ± 0.34%) were recorded. The seminal plasma contained Na+ (144.12 ± 1.59 mEq/L), K+ (27.38 ± 0.49 mEq/L), Cl- (65.73 ± 0.45 mEq/L), Ca++ (9.34 ± 0.22 mg/dl), P (19.32 ± 0.97 mg/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 26.48 ± 1.30 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 168.47 ± 5.18 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 215.98 ± 6.06 IU/L), albumin (1.90 ± 0.10 g/dl), globulins (2.08 ± 0.11 g/dl) and total protein (3.98 ± 0.20 g/dl). The collected data were analysed by applying Pearson's correlation coefficients. Dead sperm percentage had negative correlation with sodium (r = -.278, p < .05), albumin (r = -.294, p < .05), globulin (r = -.266, p < .05) and total protein (r = -.295, p < .05). Phosphorus was negatively associated with sperm concentration (r = -.262, p < .05). AST was negatively correlated with plasma membrane integrity (r = -.292, p < .05). It was concluded that most of the semen quality parameters of Teddy bucks were positively correlated with biochemical constituents, but opposite trends were found in case of dead sperm percentage. The seminal biochemical constituents dynamically interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- UCV&AS, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - I Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Zubair
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Umar
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A S Qureshi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Manzoor
- Department of CMS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Murtaza
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Shaukat
- Department of CMS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Umar S, Ahmed I, Befort CA, Nydegger JL, Kreutzjans AL, Powers KR, Klemp JR, Spaeth KR, Sullivan DK. Abstract P4-13-03: Changes in the gut microbiome of post-menopausal women 2 weeks after initiating a structured weight loss intervention. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p4-13-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Change in the relative composition of the gut microbiome at the phyla level, particularly decreases in Bacteroidetes and increases in Firmicutes species, has been associated with both obesity and increased risk for breast cancer. It is unclear how rapidly the microbiome changes in response to a reduced calorie and fat diet during a weight loss intervention. As a planned sub-study of a clinical trial with a structured behavioral weight loss intervention with randomization to high dose omega-3 fatty acids or placebo (NCT02101970; clinical trials.gov), we evaluated changes in the gut microbiome after 2 weeks of dietary intervention.
Methods
46 post-menopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer with a BMI > 27 kg/m2 had a baseline 3 day food record, DXA, and blood and breast tissue sampling for biomarkers. They were then started on a reduced fat and calorie diet (~1200 kcal/day from 2 portion-controlled entrees, 3 low calorie high protein shakes, and 5 servings of fruits/vegetables daily), recommendation to exercise 225 minutes per week, and a weekly behavioral intervention. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, after 2 weeks of diet but prior to study agent, and after 6 months of weight loss intervention. Stool samples were stored at -20°C until brought to the clinic, and then at -80°C until DNA extraction. Bacterial taxonomic classification was performed using real-time PCR and 16S pyrosequencing using specific 16S rRNA primers. Baseline Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was calculated from the 3 day food record; fruit and vegetable servings were obtained from weekly food logs.
Results
42 women completed the 6 month weight loss intervention. At baseline, median BMI was 31.0 kg/m2 and HEI was 58 (range 28-90) with 12 and 23 servings of fruits and vegetables per week. Median relative weight loss at 6 months was -11.9 % (0 to -22.7 %). When dichotomized to relative losses of <10% vs >10% (which we have previously shown to be associated with significant improvement in blood and breast tissue risk biomarkers [Fabian Cancer Prev Res 2013]), women with 6 month >10% loss had favorable change in the two major stool phyla at 2 weeks with a median 10% increase for Bacteroidetes and 8% decrease for Firmicutes. Conversely, women with <10% loss showed a decrease (median -11%) in Bacteroidetes and an increase (median 16%) for Firmicutes. Fruit and vegetable consumption also differed between the weight loss groups. The >10% loss group had higher baseline consumption of vegetables and continued this after starting the diet. The more adherent a woman was to dietary recommendations in the first weeks of dietary intervention, the more likely she was to lose >10% weight by 6 months.
Conclusions
Favorable modulation of the gut microbiome early in a weight loss intervention is associated with subsequent substantial weight loss. Microbiome assessment after 6 months of weight loss intervention is in progress.
Supported by a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and pilot funds from National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA168524.
Citation Format: Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Umar S, Ahmed I, Befort CA, Nydegger JL, Kreutzjans AL, Powers KR, Klemp JR, Spaeth KR, Sullivan DK. Changes in the gut microbiome of post-menopausal women 2 weeks after initiating a structured weight loss intervention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Fabian
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - BF Kimler
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - S Umar
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - I Ahmed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - CA Befort
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - JL Nydegger
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - AL Kreutzjans
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - KR Powers
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - JR Klemp
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - KR Spaeth
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - DK Sullivan
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Zubair M, Ahmad M, Saleemi MK, Gul ST, Ahmad N, Umar S. Protective effects of vitamin E on sodium arsenite-induced toxicity, testicular measurements and histopathological studies of testes in Teddy goat bucks. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zubair
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. K. Saleemi
- Department of Pathology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - S. T. Gul
- Department of Pathology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - N. Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - S. Umar
- Department of Theriogenology; University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
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Umar S, Munir MT, Kaboudi K, Rehman A, Asif S, Usman M, Ali A, Shahzad M, Subhan S, Shah MAA. Effect of route of inoculation on replication of avian influenza virus (H9N2) and interferon gene expression in guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis). Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:451-61. [PMID: 27057651 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1174979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the replication of a re-assortant H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and induction of the interferon (IFNγ) response after aerosol or intranasal inoculation with the virus in guinea fowl. To determine virus shedding pattern, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and tissue specimens of trachea, lungs, spleen and caecal tonsils were collected post-inoculation (pi). Infected guinea fowl showed mild clinical signs, while negative control guinea fowl remained healthy and active throughout the experiment irrespective of the inoculation route. However, the clinical signs were more prominent in guinea fowl infected through the aerosol route. Virus was detected in all oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs up to 7 d pi in guinea fowl from both inoculation groups. However, virus was detected more frequently and in higher titres in oropharyngeal swabs and specimens of trachea and lungs from the group exposed to aerosols than in the group given intranasal drops. In accordance with viral replication findings, expression of IFNγ was up-regulated on 1, 2 and 4 d pi to a significantly higher level in lung tissue specimens from the group exposed to virus aerosol than from controls treated with PBS intranasally. On the other hand, IFNγ was up-regulated above that of controls in lung tissue specimens from the group treated with intranasal drops of virus only on 4 d pi. These findings indicate that virus administered in aerosols was more efficient in infecting the lower respiratory tract and in inducing activity of the IFNγ gene than virus administered as intranasal drops. The results of this study suggest that virus aerosols cause more intense respiratory infection and increase the shedding of the H9N2 AIV in guinea fowl, highlighting the potential role of guinea fowl as a mixing bowl for transmission and maintenance of H9N2 AIV between poultry premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- a Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , University of Arid Agriculture , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - M T Munir
- a Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , University of Arid Agriculture , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - K Kaboudi
- b Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School , Sidi Thabet Ariana , Tunisia
| | - A Rehman
- c Department of Epidemiology and Public Health , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore , Pakistan
| | - S Asif
- d Department of Microbiology , University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore , Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- e Department of Poultry Production , Poultry Research Institute (PRI) Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- f Department of Livestock & Dairy Development , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - M Shahzad
- g Department of Pathology , University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore , Pakistan
| | - S Subhan
- d Department of Microbiology , University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore , Pakistan
| | - M A A Shah
- a Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , University of Arid Agriculture , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
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Umar S, Shah M, Munir M, Yaqoob M, Fiaz M, Anjum S, Kaboudi K, Bouzouaia M, Younus M, Nisa Q, Iqbal M, Umar W. RETRACTED: Synergistic effects of thymoquinone and curcumin on immune response and anti-viral activity against avian influenza virus (H9N2) in turkeys. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1513-1520. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Roy BC, Subramaniam D, Ahmed I, Jala VR, Hester CM, Greiner KA, Haribabu B, Anant S, Umar S. Role of bacterial infection in the epigenetic regulation of Wnt antagonist WIF1 by PRC2 protein EZH2. Oncogene 2014; 34:4519-30. [PMID: 25486432 PMCID: PMC4459936 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Enhancer of Zeste Homolog-2 (EZH2) represses gene transcription through histone H3 lysine-27-trimethylation (H3K27me3). Citrobacter rodentium (CR) promotes crypt hyperplasia and tumorigenesis by aberrantly regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We aimed at investigating EZH2’s role in epigenetically regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling following bacterial infection. NIH:Swiss outbred and ApcMin/+ mice were infected with CR (108cfu); BLT1−/−ApcMin/+ mice, AOM/DSS-treated mice and de-identified human adenocarcinoma samples were models of colon cancer. Following infection with wild type but not mutant CR, elevated EZH2 levels in the crypt at days-6 and 12 (peak hyperplasia) coincided with increases in H3K27me3 and β-catenin levels, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed EZH2 and H3K27me3’s occupancy on WIF1 (Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1) promoter resulting in reduced WIF1 mRNA and protein expression. Following EZH2 knockdown via siRNA or EZH2-inhibitor DZNep either alone or in combination with HDAC inhibitor SAHA, WIF1 promoter activity increased significantly while overexpression of EZH2 attenuated WIF1-reporter activity. Ectopic overexpression of SET domain mutant (F681Y) almost completely rescued WIF1 reporter activity and partially rescued WIF1 protein levels while H3K27me3 levels were significantly attenuated suggesting that an intact methyltransferases activity is required for EZH2-dependent effects. Interestingly, while β-catenin levels were lower in EZH2-knocked-down cells, F681Y mutants exhibited only partial reduction in β-catenin levels. Besides EZH2, increases in miR-203 expression in the crypts at days-6 and 12 post-infection correlated with reduced levels of its target WIF1; overexpression of miR-203 in primary colonocytes decreased WIF1 mRNA and protein levels. Elevated levels of EZH2 and β-catenin with concomitant decrease in WIF1 expression in the polyps of CR-infected ApcMin/+ mice paralleled changes recorded in BLT1−/−ApcMin/+, AOM/DSS and human adenocarcinomas. Thus, EZH2-induced downregulation of WIF1 expression may partially regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent crypt hyperplasia in response to CR infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Roy
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - D Subramaniam
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - I Ahmed
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - V R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C M Hester
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - K A Greiner
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - B Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - S Anant
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Umar
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Umar S, Kamarudin M, Ramezani-Fard E. Physical properties of extruded aquafeed with a combination of sago and tapioca starches at different moisture contents. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Umar S, Ahmad S, Katiyar C, Khan H. AB0102 Pycnogenol ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis through modulating inflammatory mediators, decreases oxidative stress, and improves clinical signs in wistar rats. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ross D, Hough G, Navab K, Aboulhosn J, Van Lenten B, Ardehali A, Eghbali M, Umar S, Fogelman A, Navab M. Pro-Inflammatory HDL Result from Altered HDL Oxidized Lipid Mediators in Both Idiopathic and Associated Types of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Alexeeva E, Kozlova A, Valieva S, Bzarova T, Chomahizde A, Isaeva K, Denisova R, Slepcova T, Starkova A, Amirdzhanova V, Alexandrova E, Avdeeva A, Novikov A, Panasyuk E, Cherkasova M, Klimova N, Nasonov E, Aggarwal A, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A, Dubula T, Mody GM, Abdel-Wahab N, Tayseer Khedr S, Rashad E, Alkady E, Mosad, Owino L, Ubeer A, Pan Z, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Omurzakova NA, Volkava M, Kundzer A, Generalov I, Tan W, Wu H, Zhao J, Derber LA, Lee DM, Shadick NA, Conn DL, Smith EA, Gersuk VH, Nepom GT, Moreland LW, Furst DE, Thompson SD, Jonas BL, Michael Holers V, Glass DN, Chen PP, Louis Bridges S, Weinblatt ME, Paulus HE, Tsao BP, Umar S, Ahmad S, Kant Katiyar C, Khan HA, Munoz A, Martinez R, Rodriguez S, Luis Marenco J, Lu Z, Guo-chun W, Shah D, Bhatnagar A, Wanchu A, Sherif Suliman YA, Budhoo A, Mody GM, Hristova M, Kamenarska Z, Dourmishev L, Baleva M, Kaneva R, Savov A, Retamozo S, Diaz-Lagares C, Brito-Zeron P, Gomez ME, Bosch X, Bove A, Forns X, Yague J, Ramos-Casals M, Chen Z, Li XM, Wang GS, Qian L, Li XP, Zu N, Zhao H, Xu B, Li HY, Xiang Q, Wang GC, Mazur-Nicorici L, Mazur M, Crib L, Ding H, Chen S, Ye S, Fedorenko E, Lukina G, Sigidin Y, Hammam N, Orabi H, Lue TF, Goel R, Danda D, Eapen C, Mathew J, Kumar S. Abstracts from EIR School ES01-ES25. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mustapha S, Voncir N, Umar S. Content and Distribution of Nitrogen Forms in Some Black Cotton Soils in Akko LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijss.2011.275.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ashraf O, Umar S, Umar M, Bushra H. PP-244 Practice of platelet transfusion in febrile thrombocytopenia during dengue outbreak 2010 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Umar S, Ashraf O, Umar M. PP-249 Characteristics of febrile thrombocytopenia during dengue epidemic 2010 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Greco OT, Jacob JLB, Parro A, Ruiz MA, Lago MR, Santos AB, Takeda RT, Abreu AC, Berruezo A, Vatasescu RG, Mont L, Tamborero D, Sitges M, Andreu D, Silva E, Brugada J, Castellant P, Orhan E, Fatemi M, Etienne Y, Valls-Bertault V, Blanc JJ, Vatasescu RG, Berruezo A, Iorgulaescu C, Vasile A, Constantinescu D, Stanciu A, Dumitrescu N, Dorobantu M, Khan FZ, Read PA, Virdee MS, Fynn SP, Dutka DP, Meiltz A, Sunthorn H, Burri H, Schaerer N, Shah D, Mihalcz A, Kassai I, Foldesi CS, Kardos A, Szili-Torok T, Van Bommel RJ, Delgado V, Borleffs CJW, Schalij MJ, Gorcsan J, Bax JJ, Sideris S, Skiadas I, Gatzoulis K, Vlasseros I, Trantalis G, Kalovidouris N, Stefanadis C, Kallikazaros I, Khan FZ, Read PA, Virdee MS, Fynn SP, Dutka DP, Laish-Farkash A, Nof E, Luria D, Yonat H, Fridman M, Eldar M, Antzelevitch C, Glikson M, Van Meerwijk WPM, Umar S, Van Der Laarse A, Pijnappels DA, Schalij MJ, Ypey DL, Partemi S, Berne P, Berruezo A, Batlle M, Mont L, Oliva A, Brugada R, Brugada J, Saravanan P, Pollock R, O'neill S, Davidson N, Dobrzynski H, Lacunza Ruiz FJ, Gimeno-Blanes JR, Garcia-Alberola A, Oliva-Sandoval MJ, Garcia-Molina E, Madrid E, Sabater-Molina M, Valdes M, De Roest G, Russel IK, Gotte MJW, Allaart CP, De Cock CC, Van Rossum AC, Mcgrew FA, Johnson EJ, Coppess MA, Hamilton B, Charlton TA, Charlton S, Sims JJ, Perrotta L, Ricciardi G, Pieragnoli P, Sofi F, Gori AM, Abbate R, Padeletti L, Michelucci A, Buck S, Maass AH, Schoonderwoerd BA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Van Gelder IC, Ando K, Soga Y, Arita T, Goya M, Doi T, Shizuta S, Kimura T, Nobuyoshi M. Poster Session 4: CRT II. Europace 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gauba N, Siddiqi TO, Umar S, Iqbal M. Leaf biochemistry of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. at different stages of plant development as affected by mercury treatment. J Environ Biol 2007; 28:303-306. [PMID: 17915770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mercury (Hg) on the biochemical parameters of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill leaf was studied. Application of mercuric chloride in varying concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM HgCl2 kg(-1) sand) caused significant reduction that went up to 89% and 72% chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents respectively (at flowering stage), 69% in carotenoid content, 64% in total soluble protein content and 91% in nitrate reductase activity (all at post-flowering stage). The amounts of nitrate and proline increased maximally (151% and 143% respectively) at the flowering stage, whereas total soluble sugar enhanced by 57% at the post-flowering stage. Changes observed in most of the parameters, were concentration dependent. Such studies seem to be able to discover suitable bioindicators of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gauba
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
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Abstract
Diet plays an important role in promoting and/or preventing colon cancer; however, the effects of specific nutrients remain uncertain because of the difficulties in correlating epidemiological and basic observations. Transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) induced by Citrobacter rodentium, causes significant hyperproliferation and hyperplasia in the mouse distal colon and increases the risk of subsequent neoplasia. We have recently shown that TMCH is associated with an increased abundance of cellular beta-catenin and its nuclear translocation coupled with up-regulation of its downstream targets, c-myc and cyclin D1. In this study, we examined the effects of two putatively protective nutrients, calcium and soluble fibre pectin, on molecular events linked to proliferation in the colonic epithelium during TMCH. Dietary intervention incorporating changes in calcium [high (1.0%) and low (0.1%)] and alterations in fibre content (6% pectin and fibre-free) were compared with the standard AIN-93 diet (0.5% calcium, 5% cellulose), followed by histomorphometry and immunochemical assessment of potential oncogenes. Dietary interventions did not alter the time course of Citrobacter infection. Both 1.0% calcium and 6% pectin diet inhibited increases in proliferation and crypt length typically seen in TMCH. Neither the low calcium nor fibre-free diets had significant effect. Pectin diet blocked increases in cellular beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-myc levels associated with TMCH by 70%, whereas neither high nor low calcium diet had significant effect on these molecules. Diets supplemented with either calcium or pectin therefore, exert anti-proliferative effects in mouse distal colon involving different molecular pathways. TMCH is thus a diet-sensitive model for examining the effect of specific nutrients on molecular characteristics of the pre-neoplastic colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Sellin JH, Umar S, Xiao J, Morris AP. Increased beta-catenin expression and nuclear translocation accompany cellular hyperproliferation in vivo. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2899-906. [PMID: 11306465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Beta-catenin performs critical roles in development and cellular adhesion. More recently, an oncogenic role has been described. In colon cancer, decreased E-cadherin/beta-catenin association is causally linked to increased beta-catenin-regulated gene expression and increased cellular division. Whether the same pathway is active in native epithelia remains unknown. To address this question, we used the transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia model to measure changes in beta-catenin abundance, nuclear partitioning, target gene (c-myc and cyclin D1) expression, and subcellular distribution. Colonocyte hyperproliferation was associated with a 4.3 +/- 0.56 (SD)-fold increase in total cellular beta-catenin protein content, whereas modest changes in gamma-catenin and E-cadherin expression were recorded. The beta-catenin signal increased before changes in mucosal crypt length, a gross index of cellular proliferation/apoptosis. Beta-catenin detected in Triton X-100-soluble (cytosolic) cellular fractions was enriched 4.3 +/- 0.9 (SD)-fold, whereas a modest decrease of 0.9 +/- 0.09 (SD)-fold was recorded in Triton X-100-insoluble (cytoskeletal) fractions. After these changes, nuclear beta-catenin partitioning increased 2.4 +/- 0.4 (SD)-fold, accompanied by 2.5 +/- 0.4- and 4.0 +/- 0.8-fold (SD) increases in cellular c-myc and cyclin D1 levels, respectively. Thus, increased cellular cytosolic and nuclear beta-catenin levels were associated with increased beta-catenin target protein expression. Significant alterations in beta-catenin subcellular distribution were also recorded immunohistochemically. Apical/lateral junctional labeling was observed in normal crypts with increased lateral membrane staining within the upper regions. During transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, these gradients were dissipated, and basilar plaques were formed within a subset of basal crypt cells. These findings predict that an oncogenic signaling mechanism related to non-E-cadherin-bound beta-catenin is active in hyperproliferating native colonocytes and is similar to that recorded during the early stages of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Sellin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School-Houston, 77030, USA
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Abstract
Protein kinase (PK) C-zeta is implicated in the control of colonic epithelial cell proliferation in vitro. However, less is known about its physiological role in vivo. Using the transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) model, we determined its expression, subcellular localization, and kinase activity during native crypt hyperproliferation. Enhanced mitosis was associated with increased cellular 72-kDa holoenzyme (PKC-zeta, 3.2-fold), 48-kDa catalytic subunit (PKM-zeta, 3- to 9-fold), and 24-kDa membrane-bound fragment (M(f)-zeta, >10-fold) expression. Both PKC-zeta and PKM-zeta exhibited intrinsic kinase activity, and substrate phosphorylation increased 4.5-fold. No change in cellular PKC-iota/PKM-iota expression occurred. The subcellular distribution of immunoreactive PKC-zeta changed significantly: neck cells lost their basal subcellular pole filamentous staining, whereas proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells exhibited elevated cytoplasmic, lateral membrane, and nuclear staining. Subcellular fractionation revealed increased PKC-zeta and PKM-zeta expression and activity within nuclei, which preferentially accumulated PKM-zeta. These results suggest separate cellular and nuclear roles, respectively, for PKC-zeta in quiescent and mitotically active colonocytes. PKM-zeta may specifically act as a modulator of proliferation during TMCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Department of Integrative Biology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, 77030, USA
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Umar S, Sellin JH, Morris AP. Murine colonic mucosa hyperproliferation. II. PKC-beta activation and cPKC-mediated cellular CFTR overexpression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 278:G765-74. [PMID: 10801269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.5.g765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the companion article (Umar S, Scott J, Sellin JH, Dubinsky WP, and Morris AP, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: 753-764, 2000), we have shown that transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) increased cellular cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA and protein expression, relocalized CFTR within colonocytes, and enhanced mucosal cAMP-dependent Cl(-) secretion. We show here that these changes were dependent on elevated cellular levels of membrane-bound Ca(2+)- and diacylglycerol-sensitive protein kinase C (PKC) activity (12-fold), induced by selective (3- to 4-fold) rises in conventional PKC (cPKC) isoform expression and membrane translocation. Three cPKC isoforms were detected in isolated crypts: alpha, beta1, and beta2. cPKC-beta1 rises preceded and those of cPKC-alpha and cPKC-beta2 paralleled cellular hyperproliferation and its effects on CFTR expression and cAMP-dependent Cl(-) current secretion. Only cPKC-beta1 and cPKC-beta2 were membrane translocated during TMCH. Furthermore, only cPKC-beta1 trafficked to the nucleus, whereas cPKC-beta2 remained partitioned among cytosolic, membrane, and cytoskeletal subcellular fractions. Modest increases in novel PKC-epsilon (nPKC-epsilon) expression and subcellular membrane partitioning were recorded during TMCH, but no changes were seen for PKC-delta or -eta. No nPKC isoform nuclear partitioning was detected. The orally bioactive cPKC inhibitor Ro-32-0432 reversed both TMCH and elevated cellular CFTR mRNA levels, whereas a pharmacologically inert analog (Ro-31-6045) failed to inhibit either response. On the basis of these facts, we present a new hypothesis whereby PKC-dependent cellular proliferation promotes endogenous cellular CFTR levels. PKC-beta1 was identified as a candidate regulatory PKC isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Department of Integrative Biology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston 77030, USA
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Umar S, Scott J, Sellin JH, Dubinsky WP, Morris AP. Murine colonic mucosa hyperproliferation. I. Elevated CFTR expression and enhanced cAMP-dependent Cl(-) secretion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 278:G753-64. [PMID: 10801268 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.5.g753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluid transport in the large intestine is mediated by the cystic fibrosis gene product and cAMP-dependent anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). cAMP-mediated Cl(-) secretion by gastrointestinal cell lines in vitro has been positively correlated with the insertion of CFTR into the apical membrane of differentiated senescent colonocytes and negatively correlated with the failure of CFTR to insert into the plasma membrane of their undifferentiated proliferating counterparts. In native tissues, this relationship remains unresolved. We demonstrate, in a transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) model, that (8-fold) colonocyte proliferation was accompanied by increased cellular CFTR mRNA and protein expression (8.3- and 2.4-fold, respectively) and enhanced mucosal cAMP-dependent Cl(-) secretion (2. 3-fold). By immunofluorescence microscopy, cellular CFTR expression was restricted to the apical pole of cells at the base of the epithelial crypt. In contrast, increased cellular proliferation in vivo led to increases in both the cellular level and the total number of cells expressing this anion channel, with cellular CFTR staining extending into the crypt neck region. Hyperproliferating colonocytes accumulated large amounts of CFTR in apically oriented subcellular perinuclear compartments. This novel mode of CFTR regulation may explain why high endogenous levels of cellular CFTR mRNA and protein within the TMCH epithelium were not matched with larger increases in transmucosal CFTR Cl(-) current.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Department of Integrative Biology, Pharmacology and Physiology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston 77030, USA
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Abstract
Human CD38 is a 45-kDa transmembrane protein that acts as a bifunctional ectoenzyme, catalyzing the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+ and the hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-ribose. All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a potent and specific inducer of CD38 in myeloid cells. In this report, we demonstrate that RA-induced CD38 protein from human myeloid (HL-60) leukemia cells coimmunoprecipitates with another protein of molecular mass approximately190 kDa (p190). The p190 protein is localized exclusively in the membranes and is a consequence of post-translational cross-linking of CD38 protein. This conclusion was based on the observations that purified CD38 effectively competes with p190, its accumulation is preceded by the accumulation of CD38, it immunoreacted with three different monospecific anti-CD38 antibodies on immunoblots, and its peptide map revealed several peptides in common with CD38. Furthermore, CD38 could serve as a suitable substrate for transglutaminase (TGase)-catalyzed cross-linking reactions in vitro, and the accumulation of p190 in RA-treated HL-60 cells is effectively blocked by the presence of TGase-specific inhibitor. The purified p190 showed at least three times more cyclase activity than CD38. Conversely, p190 was at least 2.5-fold less active than CD38 in hydrolyzing cADPR to ADPR. These results suggest that post-translational modification of CD38 may represent an important mechanism for regulating the two catalytic activities of this bifunctional enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Department of Bioimmunotherapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Mono- and diaminoguanidine inhibited ambient glucose-induced glycosylated end product formation of albumin and collagen 125I-labeled albumin covalent binding in vitro. Diaminoguanidine was a stronger inhibitor than monoaminoguanidine. These compounds also inhibited rat eye lens aldose reductase activity in vitro noncompetitively with respect to NADPH with Ki = 30.6 mM for monoaminoguanidine and Ki = 12.5 mM for diaminoguanidine. When administered daily for 98 days at a dose of 25 mg/kg body wt i.p., both compounds lowered eye lens sorbitol and aldose reductase activity in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Again, diaminoguanidine was a better inhibitor. Daily long-term administration of mono- and diaminoguanidine (25 mg/kg body wt i.p.) inhibited and prevented experimental diabetes-induced lens opacity in rats, respectively. It appears that diaminoguanidine has a better therapeutic potential in controlling diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Arsyad F, Pasaribu S, Umar S, Lubis CP. The spectrum of seven preventable diseases at Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan, Indonesia. Paediatr Indones 1987; 27:163-8. [PMID: 3125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Rook GA, Steele J, Umar S, Dockrell HM. A simple method for the solubilisation of reduced NBT, and its use as a colorimetric assay for activation of human macrophages by gamma-interferon. J Immunol Methods 1985; 82:161-7. [PMID: 3928762 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple method by which the insoluble blue formazan dye produced by the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium can be dissolved without heating using potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulphoxide. This modification enhances the sensitivity and increases the applications of tests performed using the microELISA method and removes variations caused by uneven cell monolayers. It also allows quantification of NBT reduced by cells adherent to coverslips or in larger wells or Petri dishes, and can be used as a sensitive assay for macrophage activation by gamma-interferon.
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Khan AN, Umar S, Khan SY, Siddiqi M. Hypocholesterolaemic and hypolipidaemic role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate in rabbits fed on an atherogenic diet. Biochem J 1972; 128:41P-42P. [PMID: 5085605 PMCID: PMC1173671 DOI: 10.1042/bj1280041pb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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