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Kerkhof J, Rastin C, Levy MA, Relator R, McConkey H, Demain L, Dominguez-Garrido E, Kaat LD, Houge SD, DuPont BR, Fee T, Fletcher RS, Gokhale D, Haukanes BI, Henneman P, Hilton S, Hilton BA, Jenkinson S, Lee JA, Louie RJ, Motazacker MM, Rzasa J, Stevenson RE, Plomp A, van der Laan L, van der Smagt J, Walden KK, Banka S, Mannens M, Skinner SA, Friez MJ, Campbell C, Tedder ML, Alders M, Sadikovic B. Diagnostic utility and reporting recommendations for clinical DNA methylation episignature testing in genetically undiagnosed rare diseases. Genet Med 2024; 26:101075. [PMID: 38251460 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess the diagnostic utility and provide reporting recommendations for clinical DNA methylation episignature testing based on the cohort of patients tested through the EpiSign Clinical Testing Network. METHODS The EpiSign assay utilized unsupervised clustering techniques and a support vector machine-based classification algorithm to compare each patient's genome-wide DNA methylation profile with the EpiSign Knowledge Database, yielding the result that was reported. An international working group, representing distinct EpiSign Clinical Testing Network health jurisdictions, collaborated to establish recommendations for interpretation and reporting of episignature testing. RESULTS Among 2399 cases analyzed, 1667 cases underwent a comprehensive screen of validated episignatures, imprinting, and promoter regions, resulting in 18.7% (312/1667) positive reports. The remaining 732 referrals underwent targeted episignature analysis for assessment of sequence or copy-number variants (CNVs) of uncertain significance or for assessment of clinical diagnoses without confirmed molecular findings, and 32.4% (237/732) were positive. Cases with detailed clinical information were highlighted to describe various utility scenarios for episignature testing. CONCLUSION Clinical DNA methylation testing including episignatures, imprinting, and promoter analysis provided by an integrated network of clinical laboratories enables test standardization and demonstrates significant diagnostic yield and clinical utility beyond DNA sequence analysis in rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra Rastin
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Levy
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Raissa Relator
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Haley McConkey
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh Demain
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Douzgou Houge
- Haukeland University Hospital, Centre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - David Gokhale
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bjørn Ivar Haukanes
- Haukeland University Hospital, Centre for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Henneman
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hilton
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - M Mahdi Motazacker
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Rzasa
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Astrid Plomp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot van der Laan
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Smagt
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Christopher Campbell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marielle Alders
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Martin-Geary AC, Blakes AJM, Dawes R, Findlay SD, Lord J, Walker S, Talbot-Martin J, Wieder N, D’Souza EN, Fernandes M, Hilton S, Lahiri N, Campbell C, Jenkinson S, DeGoede CGEL, Anderson ER, Burge CB, Sanders SJ, Ellingford J, Baralle D, Banka S, Whiffin N. Systematic identification of disease-causing promoter and untranslated region variants in 8,040 undiagnosed individuals with rare disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.09.12.23295416. [PMID: 37745552 PMCID: PMC10516070 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.23295416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Both promoters and untranslated regions (UTRs) have critical regulatory roles, yet variants in these regions are largely excluded from clinical genetic testing due to difficulty in interpreting pathogenicity. The extent to which these regions may harbour diagnoses for individuals with rare disease is currently unknown. Methods We present a framework for the identification and annotation of potentially deleterious proximal promoter and UTR variants in known dominant disease genes. We use this framework to annotate de novo variants (DNVs) in 8,040 undiagnosed individuals in the Genomics England 100,000 genomes project, which were subject to strict region-based filtering, clinical review, and validation studies where possible. In addition, we performed region and variant annotation-based burden testing in 7,862 unrelated probands against matched unaffected controls. Results We prioritised eleven DNVs and identified an additional variant overlapping one of the eleven. Ten of these twelve variants (82%) are in genes that are a strong match to the individual's phenotype and six had not previously been identified. Through burden testing, we did not observe a significant enrichment of potentially deleterious promoter and/or UTR variants in individuals with rare disease collectively across any of our region or variant annotations. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrate the value of screening promoters and UTRs to uncover additional diagnoses for previously undiagnosed individuals with rare disease and provide a framework for doing so without dramatically increasing interpretation burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Martin-Geary
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J M Blakes
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruebena Dawes
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Scott D Findlay
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nechama Wieder
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Elston N D’Souza
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Fernandes
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Hilton
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- St George’s, University of London & St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Christian G E L DeGoede
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Clinical research Facility, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
- Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Emily R Anderson
- Liverpool Centre for Genomic Medicine, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Stephan J Sanders
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7TY, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Furness CL, Mansur MB, Weston VJ, Ermini L, van Delft FW, Jenkinson S, Gale R, Harrison CJ, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Sanchez-Martin M, Ferrando AA, Kearns P, Titley I, Ford AM, Potter NE, Greaves M. The subclonal complexity of STIL-TAL1+ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:1984-1993. [PMID: 29556024 PMCID: PMC6127084 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell genetics were used to interrogate clonal complexity and the sequence of mutational events in STIL-TAL1+ T-ALL. Single-cell multicolour FISH was used to demonstrate that the earliest detectable leukaemia subclone contained the STIL-TAL1 fusion and copy number loss of 9p21.3 (CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus), with other copy number alterations including loss of PTEN occurring as secondary subclonal events. In three cases, multiplex qPCR and phylogenetic analysis were used to produce branching evolutionary trees recapitulating the snapshot history of T-ALL evolution in this leukaemia subtype, which confirmed that mutations in key T-ALL drivers, including NOTCH1 and PTEN, were subclonal and reiterative in distinct subclones. Xenografting confirmed that self-renewing or propagating cells were genetically diverse. These data suggest that the STIL-TAL1 fusion is a likely founder or truncal event. Therapies targeting the TAL1 auto-regulatory complex are worthy of further investigation in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Furness
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marcela B Mansur
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Program, Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victoria J Weston
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luca Ermini
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Frederik W van Delft
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Paediatric Haematology-Oncology Program, Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Titley
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony M Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicola E Potter
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Farah N, Kirkwood AA, Rahman S, Leon T, Jenkinson S, Gale RE, Patrick K, Hancock J, Samarasinghe S, Linch DC, Moorman AV, Goulden N, Vora A, Mansour MR. Prognostic impact of the absence of biallelic deletion at the TRG locus for pediatric patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on the Medical Research Council UK Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 2003 trial. Haematologica 2018. [PMID: 29519867 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.185801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Farah
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London
| | - Amy A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL, London
| | | | - Theresa Leon
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Ajay Vora
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, UK.,Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK
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5
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Low KJ, James M, Sharples P, Eaton M, Jenkinson S, Study D, Smithson S. A novel PIGA variant associated with severe X-linked epilepsy and profound developmental delay. Seizure 2018; 56:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bass R, Jenkinson S, Wright J, Smulders-Srinivasan T, Marshall JC, Castagnolo D. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amidinourea and Triazine Congeners as Inhibitors of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:288-291. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Bass
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University, Ellison Building; Ellison Place NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University, Ellison Building; Ellison Place NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jennifer Wright
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University, Ellison Building; Ellison Place NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Tora Smulders-Srinivasan
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University, Ellison Building; Ellison Place NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jamie C. Marshall
- Department of Applied Sciences; Northumbria University, Ellison Building; Ellison Place NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London; 150 Stamford Street SE1 9NH London UK
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Abstract
We report a case of Crohn's disease where the patient initially presented with vulval ulceration to the gynaecology unit. Initial investigations were planned jointly by both the gynaecology and genitourinary medicine staff. An examination under general anaesthetic by both teams was performed and biopsies taken. These showed a chronic inflammatory process with epithelioid granulomas. The teams then referred the case to the dermatology team who made the diagnosis of vulval Crohn's disease and initiated treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. The case illustrates the need for a multi-speciality approach when dealing with such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhaduri
- Department of Sexual Health, South Worcestershire Primary Care Trust, Worcestershire, UK.
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8
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Jenkinson S, Kirkwood AA, Goulden N, Vora A, Linch DC, Gale RE. Impact of PTEN abnormalities on outcome in pediatric patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on the MRC UKALL2003 trial. Leukemia 2016; 30:39-47. [PMID: 26220040 PMCID: PMC4705426 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PTEN gene inactivation by mutation or deletion is common in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but the impact on outcome is unclear, particularly in patients with NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations. We screened samples from 145 patients treated on the MRC UKALL2003 trial for PTEN mutations using heteroduplex analysis and gene deletions using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and related genotype to response to therapy and long-term outcome. PTEN loss-of-function mutations/gene deletions were detected in 22% (PTEN(ABN)). Quantification of mutant level indicated that 67% of mutated cases harbored more than one mutant, with up to four mutants detected, consistent with the presence of multiple leukemic sub-clones. Overall, 41% of PTEN(ABN) cases were considered to have biallelic abnormalities (mutation and/or deletion) with complete loss of PTEN in a proportion of cells. In addition, 9% of cases had N- or K-RAS mutations. Neither PTEN nor RAS genotype significantly impacted on response to therapy or long-term outcome, irrespective of mutant level, and there was no evidence that they changed the highly favorable outcome of patients with double NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations. These results indicate that, for pediatric patients treated according to current protocols, routine screening for PTEN or RAS abnormalities at diagnosis is not warranted to further refine risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - A A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - N Goulden
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Vora
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - D C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - R E Gale
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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9
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Gale RE, Lamb K, Allen C, El-Sharkawi D, Stowe C, Jenkinson S, Tinsley S, Dickson G, Burnett AK, Hills RK, Linch DC. Simpson's Paradox and the Impact of Different DNMT3A Mutations on Outcome in Younger Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2072-83. [PMID: 25964253 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on outcome in younger patients with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic samples from 914 patients (97% < 60 years old) were screened for mutations in DNMT3A exons 13 to 23. Clinical outcome was evaluated according to presence or absence of a mutation and stratified according to type of mutation (R882, non-R882 missense, or truncation). RESULTS DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3A(MUT)) were identified in 272 patients (30%) and associated with a poorer prognosis than wild-type DNMT3A, but the difference was only seen when the results were stratified according to NPM1 genotype. This example of Simpson's paradox results from the high coincidence of DNMT3A and NPM1 mutations (80% of patients with DNMT3A(MUT) had NPM1 mutations), where the two mutations have opposing prognostic impact. In the stratified analyses, relapse in patients with DNMT3A(MUT) was higher (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.72; P = .01), and overall survival was lower (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.87; P = .002). The impact of DNMT3A(MUT) did not differ according to NPM1 genotype (test for heterogeneity: relapse, P = .4; overall survival, P = .9). Further analysis according to the type of DNMT3A mutation indicated that outcome was comparable in patients with R882 and non-R882 missense mutants, whereas in those with truncation mutants, it was comparable to wild-type DNMT3A. CONCLUSION These data confirm that presence of a DNMT3A mutation should be considered as a poor-risk prognostic factor, irrespective of the NPM1 genotype, and suggest that further consideration should be given to the type of DNMT3A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Gale
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Katarina Lamb
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Allen
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dima El-Sharkawi
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Stowe
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Tinsley
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Glenda Dickson
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alan K Burnett
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Hills
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David C Linch
- Rosemary E. Gale, Katarina Lamb, Christopher Allen, Dima El-Sharkawi, Cassandra Stowe, Sarah Jenkinson, Steven Tinsley, Glenda Dickson, and David C. Linch, University College London Cancer Institute, London; and Alan K. Burnett and Robert K. Hills, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Porcellato L, Masson G, O'Mahony F, Jenkinson S, Vanner T, Cheshire K, Perkins E. ‘It's something you have to put up with’-service users’ experiences ofin uterotransfer: a qualitative study. BJOG 2015; 122:1825-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Porcellato
- Centre for Public Health; Faculty of Education, Health and Community; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - G Masson
- Maternity Centre; Royal Stoke University Hospital; Stoke on Trent UK
| | - F O'Mahony
- Maternity Centre; Royal Stoke University Hospital; Stoke on Trent UK
| | - S Jenkinson
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust; New Cross Hospital; Wolverhampton UK
| | - T Vanner
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust; New Cross Hospital; Wolverhampton UK
| | - K Cheshire
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust; New Cross Hospital; Wolverhampton UK
| | - E Perkins
- Maternity Centre; Royal Stoke University Hospital; Stoke on Trent UK
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11
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Li N, Fassl A, Chick J, Inuzuka H, Li X, Mansour MR, Liu L, Wang H, King B, Shaik S, Gutierrez A, Ordureau A, Otto T, Kreslavsky T, Baitsch L, Bury L, Meyer CA, Ke N, Mulry KA, Kluk MJ, Roy M, Kim S, Zhang X, Geng Y, Zagozdzon A, Jenkinson S, Gale RE, Linch DC, Zhao JJ, Mullighan CG, Harper JW, Aster JC, Aifantis I, von Boehmer H, Gygi SP, Wei W, Look AT, Sicinski P. Cyclin C is a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1080-91. [PMID: 25344755 PMCID: PMC4235773 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin C was cloned as a growth-promoting G1 cyclin, and was also shown to regulate gene transcription. Here we report that in vivo cyclin C acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor, by controlling Notch1 oncogene levels. Cyclin C activates an 'orphan' CDK19 kinase, as well as CDK8 and CDK3. These cyclin-C-CDK complexes phosphorylate the Notch1 intracellular domain (ICN1) and promote ICN1 degradation. Genetic ablation of cyclin C blocks ICN1 phosphorylation in vivo, thereby elevating ICN1 levels in cyclin-C-knockout mice. Cyclin C ablation or heterozygosity collaborates with other oncogenic lesions and accelerates development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Furthermore, the cyclin C encoding gene CCNC is heterozygously deleted in a significant fraction of human T-ALLs, and these tumours express reduced cyclin C levels. We also describe point mutations in human T-ALL that render cyclin-C-CDK unable to phosphorylate ICN1. Hence, tumour cells may develop different strategies to evade inhibition by cyclin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Joel Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Marc R. Mansour
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bryan King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shavali Shaik
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lukas Baitsch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Leah Bury
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Clifford A. Meyer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nan Ke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kristin A. Mulry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Michael J. Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Moni Roy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xiaowu Zhang
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers MA 01923, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Agnieszka Zagozdzon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rosemary E. Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David C. Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - J. Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Harald von Boehmer
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Alexandrou AJ, Milnes JT, Sun SZ, Fermini B, Kim SC, Jenkinson S, Leishman DJ, Witchel HJ, Hancox JC, Leaney JL. The human ether-a'-go-go related gene (hERG) K+ channel blockade by the investigative selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor CONA-437: limited dependence on S6 aromatic residues. J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 65:511-523. [PMID: 25179083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diverse non-cardiac drugs adversely influence cardiac electrophysiology by inhibiting repolarising K(+) currents mediated by channels encoded by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG). In this study, pharmacological blockade of hERG K(+) channel current (I(hERG)) by a novel investigative serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), CONA-437, was investigated. Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements of I(hERG) were made from human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells expressing wild-type (WT) or mutant forms of the hERG channel. With a step-ramp voltage-command, peak I(hERG) was inhibited with an IC(50) of 1.34 μM at 35 ±1°C; the IC(50) with the same protocol was not significantly different at room temperature. Voltage-command waveform selection had only a modest effect on the potency of I(hERG) block: the IC50 with a ventricular action potential command was 0.72 μM. I(hERG) blockade developed rapidly with time following membrane depolarisation and showed a weak dependence on voltage, accompanied by a shift of ≈ -5 mV in voltage-dependence of activation. There was no significant effect of CONA-437 on voltage-dependence of I(hERG) inactivation, though at some voltages an apparent acceleration of the time-course of inactivation was observed. Significantly, mutation of the S6 aromatic amino acid residues Y652 and F656 had only a modest effect on I(hERG) blockade by CONA-437 (a 3-4 fold shift in affinity). CONA-437 at up to 30 μM had no significant effect on either Nav1.5 sodium channels or L-type calcium channels. In conclusion, the novel SSRI CONA-437 is particularly notable as a gating-dependent hERG channel inhibitor for which neither S6 aromatic amino-acid constituent of the canonical drug binding site on the hERG channel appears obligatory for I(hERG) inhibition to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Alexandrou
- Pfizer Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, United Kingdom.
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Patrick K, Wade R, Goulden N, Mitchell C, Moorman AV, Rowntree C, Jenkinson S, Hough R, Vora A. Outcome for children and young people with Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on a contemporary protocol, UKALL 2003. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:421-4. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Wade
- Clinical Trial Service Unit; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | | | | | - Anthony V. Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group; Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Newcastle University; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Vora
- Sheffield Children's Hospital; Sheffield UK
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Jenkinson S, Koo K, Mansour MR, Goulden N, Vora A, Mitchell C, Wade R, Richards S, Hancock J, Moorman AV, Linch DC, Gale RE. Impact of NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations on outcome in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients treated on the MRC UKALL 2003 trial. Leukemia 2013; 27:41-7. [PMID: 22814294 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the NOTCH1 pathway are frequent in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) but their role in refining risk stratification is unclear. We screened 162 pediatric T-ALL patients treated on the MRC UKALL2003 trial for NOTCH1/FBXW7 gene mutations and related genotype to response to therapy and long-term outcome. Overall, 35% were wild-type (WT) for both genes (NOTCH1(WT)FBXW7(WT)), 38% single NOTCH1 mutant (NOTCH1(Single)FBXW7(WT)), 3% just FBXW7 mutant (NOTCH1(WT)FBXW7(MUT)) and 24% either double NOTCH1 mutant (NOTCH1(Double)FBXW7(WT)) or mutant in both genes (NOTCH1(MUT)FBXW7(MUT)), hereafter called as NOTCH1±FBXW7(Double). There was no difference between groups in early response to therapy, but NOTCH1±FBXW7(Double) patients were more likely to be associated with negative minimal residual disease (MRD) post-induction than NOTCH1(WT)FBXW7(WT) patients (71% versus 40%, P=0.004). Outcome improved according to the number of mutations, overall survival at 5 years 82%, 88% and 100% for NOTCH1(WT)FBXW7(WT), NOTCH1(Single)FBXW7(WT) and NOTCH1±FBXW7(Double) patients, respectively (log-rank P for trend=0.005). Although 14 NOTCH1±FBXW7(Double) patients were classified as high risk (slow response and/or MRD positive), only two had disease progression and all remain alive. Patients with double NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations have a very good outcome and should not be considered for more intensive therapy in first remission, even if slow early responders or MRD positive after induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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Shepherd C, Banerjee L, Cheung CW, Mansour MR, Jenkinson S, Gale RE, Khwaja A. PI3K/mTOR inhibition upregulates NOTCH-MYC signalling leading to an impaired cytotoxic response. Leukemia 2012; 27:650-60. [PMID: 23038273 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PI3K, mTOR and NOTCH pathways are frequently dysregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Blockade of PI3K and mTOR with the dual inhibitor PI-103 decreased proliferation in all 15 T-ALL cell lines tested, inducing cell death in three. Combined PI3K/mTOR/NOTCH inhibition (with a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI)) led to enhanced cell-cycle arrest and to subsequent cell death in 7/11 remaining NOTCH mutant cell lines. Commitment to cell death occurred within 48-72 h and was maximal when PI3K, mTOR and NOTCH activities were inhibited. PI-103 addition led to upregulation of c-MYC, which was blocked by coincubation with a GSI, indicating that PI3K/mTOR inhibition resulted in activation of the NOTCH-MYC pathway. Microarray studies showed a global increase in NOTCH target gene expression upon PI3K/mTOR inhibition. NOTCH-MYC-induced resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibition was supported by synergistic cell death induction by PI-103 and a small molecule c-MYC inhibitor, and by reduction of the cytotoxic effect of PI-103+GSI by c-MYC overexpression. These results show that drugs targeting PI3K/mTOR can upregulate NOTCH-MYC activity, have implications for the use of PI3K inhibitors for the treatment of other malignancies with activated NOTCH, and provide a rational basis for the use of drug combinations that target both the pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shepherd
- Department of Haematology, University College, London, UK
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Porcellato L, Masson G, O'Mahony F, Jenkinson S, Vanner T. W346 THE EXPERIENCE OF IN UTERO TRANSFER PERSPECTIVES FROM UK WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)62069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Mansour MR, Sulis ML, Duke V, Foroni L, Jenkinson S, Koo K, Allen CG, Gale RE, Buck G, Richards S, Paietta E, Rowe JM, Tallman MS, Goldstone AH, Ferrando AA, Linch DC. Prognostic implications of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations in adults with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on the MRC UKALLXII/ECOG E2993 protocol. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4352-6. [PMID: 19635999 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.22.0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Notch pathway activation by mutations in either NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 is one of the most common molecular events in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and, in pediatric disease, predicts for favorable outcome. Their prognostic significance in adult T-ALL is unclear. We sought to evaluate the outcome according to mutation status of patients with adult T-ALL treated on the United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia XII (UKALLXII)/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) E2993 protocol. METHODS NOTCH1 and FBXW7 were screened by a combination of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing in 88 adult patients with T-ALL treated on the UKALLXII/ECOG E2993 protocol and compared with clinical characteristics and outcome. RESULTS NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations were common (60% and 18%, respectively) and were not associated with age or WBC count. NOTCH1 heterodimerization domain mutations were associated with FBXW7 mutations (P = .02), and NOTCH1 proline, glutamic acid, serine, threonine (PEST) rich domain and FBXW7 mutations were mutually exclusive. There were an equal number of high- and standard-risk patients in the NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutated (MUT) groups. Patients wild type (WT) for both markers trended toward poorer event-free survival (EFS; MUT v WT, 51% v 27%, P = .10; hazard ratio, 0.6). Analysis by each marker individually was not significantly predictive of outcome (NOTCH1 MUT v WT, EFS 49% v 34%, P = .20; FBXW7 MUT v WT, EFS 53% v 41%, P.72). CONCLUSION NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutant-positive patients do not fare sufficiently well to warrant an individualized treatment approach in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Mansour
- Department of Haematology, University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Lieutenant-Commander S, Jenkinson S. Submarine salvage the air in a submerged submarine: Means of exit when submerged: And disabilities of the survivors. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.18002710817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jenkinson S. The wish to die in the terminally ill population is indicative of depression and should be treated accordingly. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2004; 16:321-3. [PMID: 15341433 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2004.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Jenkinson S. The Wish to Die in the Terminally Ill Population is Indicative of Depression and Should be Treated Accordingly. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jenkinson S. Health inequalities and deprivation. Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51:753. [PMID: 11593839 PMCID: PMC1314106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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Jenkinson S. Advising smokers to quit: bailing out Titanic with teaspoon. BMJ 2001; 323:402. [PMID: 11548706 PMCID: PMC1120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Brown CD, Kilty I, Yeadon M, Jenkinson S. Regulation of 15-lipoxygenase isozymes and mucin secretion by cytokines in cultured normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2001; 50:321-6. [PMID: 11475334 DOI: 10.1007/pl00000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To study the effects of IL-4, IL-13, IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNFalpha on 15-lipoxygenase(15-LO) isozyme expression and mucin secretion in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of IL-4, IL-13, IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNFalpha on 15-LO isoenzyme mRNA and protein expression, total 15-LO enzyme activity and mucin secretion were examined in cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, in order to determine whether the observed effects on mucin secretion were due to lipoxygenase (LO) products, the effect of the non-selective LO inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid was examined. RESULTS IL-4 and IL- 13 selectively enhanced 15-LOa mRNA and protein levels, and total 15-LO enzyme activity. In contrast, no changes were observed in 15-LOb mRNA or protein levels. IL-4 and IL-13 both reduced mucin secretion in this cell type, however the non-selective LO inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid had no effect on this action of IL-4. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 selectively regulate the expression of the 15-LOa isozyme. However, 15LOa products do not mediate the IL-4-induced reduction in mucin secretion observed in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Brown
- Discovery Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent, UK
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Jenkinson S. Childhood: a public health issue. BMJ 1999; 319:1653. [PMID: 10600986 PMCID: PMC1127104 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Sporns O, Jenkinson S. Potassium ion- and nitric oxide-induced exocytosis from populations of hippocampal synapses during synaptic maturation in vitro. Neuroscience 1997; 80:1057-73. [PMID: 9284060 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of mechanisms of neurotransmitter release is an important component in the formation of functional synaptic connections. Synaptic neurotransmitter release can be modulated by nitric oxide, a compound shown to have a variety of physiologic functions in the nervous system. The goal of this study was to determine whether, during synaptic maturation, nitric oxide is capable of affecting exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, and to compare its effects with those elicited by strongly depolarizing stimuli. To address these questions we examined vesicle release from large numbers of individual synapses of hippocampal neurons between five and 13 days in culture. Synaptic vesicles were labelled by uptake of the styrylpyridinium dye N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(4-(dibutylamino)styryl)pyridinium dibromide (FM1-43) and their release was monitored by fluorescence imaging. Across populations of developing synapses, there was a good correspondence between FM1-43 staining and synapsin immunocytochemistry. A marked heterogeneity was observed in the ability to release vesicles both after potassium and nitric oxide stimulation. In less mature populations of synapses, the rate of potassium- and nitric oxide-induced exocytosis gradually increased, while at later stages nitric oxide-induced responses levelled off and potassium-induced responses continued to rise. Application of nitric oxide donors did not trigger any detectable changes in intracellular calcium. Combined immunocytochemical analysis of cultured hippocampal neurons for neuronal nitric oxide synthase and synapsin revealed that nitric oxide synthase was present within neurites of cultured hippocampal neurons, largely distributed in a bead-like pattern which partially overlapped presynaptic sites. Stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor while blocking propagation of action potentials with tetrodotoxin resulted in exocytosis from numerous individually resolved sites. Preincubation of neurons with an nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or addition of an nitric oxide scavenger eliminated these responses indicating a role for nitric oxide in N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated exocytosis. Using fluorescence imaging of individually resolved synaptic sites, we provide direct evidence for an effect of nitric oxide on vesicular neurotransmitter release in intact neurons. Nitric oxide is capable to produce this effect at all stages of synaptic development and acts independently of calcium influx. We show that nitric oxide synthase is present at synaptic sites and endogenously produced nitric oxide is sufficient to cause exocytosis. Taken together, these experiments suggest a possible role for nitric oxide in calcium-independent transmitter release in populations of synapses at all stages of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sporns
- The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
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29
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Jenkinson S. Rationing health care. Rationing may be good. BMJ 1997; 314:515. [PMID: 9056811 PMCID: PMC2125981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Kallunki P, Jenkinson S, Edelman GM, Jones FS. Silencer elements modulate the expression of the gene for the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:21291-8. [PMID: 7545667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.36.21291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined factors that regulate the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) during development of the nervous system are largely unknown. To identify such factors for Ng-CAM, the neuron-glia CAM, constructs containing portions of the 5' end of the Ng-CAM gene were examined for activity after transfection into N2A neuroblastoma and NIH3T3 cells. Positive regulatory elements active in both cell types included an Ng-CAM proximal promoter with SP1 and cAMP response element motifs extending 447 base pairs upstream of a single RNA start site and a region within the first exon corresponding to 5'-untranslated sequences. Negative regulatory elements included five neuron-restrictive silencer elements (NRSEs) and a binding site for Pax gene products in a 305-base pair segment of the first intron. Constructs containing the promoter together with the entire first intron were active in N2A cells but were silenced in NIH3T3 cells. This silencer activity was mapped to the NRSEs. In contrast, the Pax motif inhibited activity of Ng-CAM constructs in both cell types. The DNA elements defined in these transfection experiments were examined for their ability to bind nuclear factors. The region within the first exon formed a DNA-protein complex after exposure to nuclear extracts prepared from both NIH3T3 and N2A cells. The NRSE region formed a more prominent complex with proteins prepared from NIH3T3 cells than it did with extracts from N2A cells. A member of the Pax protein family, Pax-3 bound to the Pax motif. Mutations introduced within the Pax motif in its ATTA sequence eliminated this binding whereas mutations in its GTTCC sequence did not, suggesting that paired homeodomain interactions are important for the recognition of Pax-3 by this DNA target sequence. The combined data suggest that negative regulation by NRSEs and Pax proteins may play a key role in the place-dependent expression patterns of Ng-CAM during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kallunki
- Department of Neurobiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Godwin M, Jenkinson S, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA. Effect of lithium on muscarinic cholinoceptor-stimulated phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C substrate selectivity in CHO-m1 cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1995; 23:421S. [PMID: 8566309 DOI: 10.1042/bst023421s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Godwin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, U.K
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Copertino DW, Jenkinson S, Jones FS, Edelman GM. Structural and functional similarities between the promoters for mouse tenascin and chicken cytotactin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:2131-5. [PMID: 7534412 PMCID: PMC42437 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.6.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotactin/tenascin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in a restricted anteroposterior pattern during vertebrate development and is reexpressed in the adult during wound healing, tumorigenesis, and nerve regeneration. Previously, we have characterized the chicken cytotactin promoter and have shown its regulation by homeobox gene products in vitro. We have now isolated the promoter for the mouse tenascin gene in order to determine whether common or different DNA regulatory elements control the expression of this gene in these two species. Like the chicken cytotactin gene, the mouse tenascin gene has a single RNA start site that lies 27 bp downstream of a TATA box. A 4028-bp region of DNA upstream of the mouse tenascin gene was sequenced and examined for regulatory motifs in common with the upstream sequence from the chicken cytotactin promoter. Two hundred thirty base pairs of the proximal promoter regions from both genes had an extended sequence similarity and contained common regulatory motifs such as two tracts of homopolymeric dA.dT sequence, an octamer motif, an ATTA (TAAT) motif which is a common core sequence for binding of homeodomain transcription factors, and a TATA-box/cap-site region. Reporter gene constructs with various 5' deletions of the mouse tenascin upstream sequence were tested in transient transfections of mouse NIH 3T3 and chicken embryo fibroblasts. The conserved proximal promoter region of tenascin was responsible for most of the positive regulatory activity. In addition, an upstream region (-2478 to -247) repressed proximal promoter activity in mouse fibroblasts and also in chicken embryo fibroblasts. These data indicate that both the structure and function of the cytotactin/tenascin proximal promoters have remained conserved over 250 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Copertino
- Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Jenkinson S, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA. Disruption by lithium of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate supply and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate generation in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human recombinant m1 muscarinic receptors. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 46:1138-48. [PMID: 7808434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of the anti-manic agent lithium on carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide signaling have been investigated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with human m1 muscarinic receptor cDNA (Bmax, 816 fmol/mg of protein). In the presence of Li+, a time-dependent inhibition of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] mass accumulation was observed within 10 min of agonist addition (IC50 for lithium inhibition at 20 min after carbachol addition, 0.5 mM). The Li(+)-induced decrease in agonist-stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels was preceded by a dramatic increase in CMP-phosphatidate accumulation. The idea that Li+ blockade of inositol monophosphatase caused a rapid depletion of the cellular myo-inositol pool in CHO-m1 cells was supported by the reversal of Li+ effects by exogenous myo-inositol. Carbachol (1 mM) alone caused a rapid and dramatic decrease in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)-P2]in CHO-m1 cells labeled to equilibrium with [3H]-inositol. Carbachol-evoked decreases in PtdIns(4,5)P2 were time-dependently accentuated by Li+ (IC50 for Li+ inhibition at 20 min after carbachol addition, 1.2 mM). Measurements of changes in PtdIns(4,5)P2 mass demonstrated that the effect of Li+ was completely and concentration-dependently reversed by addition of myo-inositol. Sequential 30-min periods of carbachol stimulation resulted in similar time courses of Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation when an intervening 20-min recovery period was included in the protocol. Inclusion of Li+ throughout resulted in a more rapid and dramatic attenuation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 during the agonist rechallenge period, which could be correlated with accentuated changes in PtdIns(4,5)P2. These data demonstrate that, although mechanisms operate to efficiently resynthesize PtdIns(4,5)P2, the temporal correlation of carbachol-evoked decreases in PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels in the presence of Li+ strongly suggests that phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C substrate depletion may be causal in the subsequent decrease in Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, UK
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Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, Bersin RM, Buchalter S, Curry SH, Duncan C, Harman EM, Henderson GN, Jenkinson S. Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults. DCA-Lactic Acidosis Study Group. Am J Med 1994; 97:47-54. [PMID: 8030656 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the pathogenesis and clinical course of lactic acidosis in adults receiving standard medical care. DESIGN Placebo arm of a 5-year prospective, randomized, blinded study comparing placebo and dichloroacetate as specific lactate-lowering therapy. Each patient received intravenous saline placebo in addition to conventional therapy. SETTING Intensive care units of 10 tertiary care hospitals in North America. PATIENTS One hundred twenty-six patients with lactic acidosis, defined as arterial blood lactate greater than or equal to 5 mmol/L and either arterial pH of less than or equal to 7.35 or base deficit greater than 6 mmol/L. Patients were followed for up to 6 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean +/- SD demographic entry data for 126 patients included: age 56 +/- 17 years, lactate 10.4 +/- 5.5 mmol/L, pH 7.24 +/- 0.14, calculated base deficit 14.1 +/- 5.4, arterial systolic blood pressure 103 +/- 29 mm Hg, Glasgow Coma score 7.9 +/- 4.9, and APACHE II score 19.2 +/- 8.1. Despite fluids and pressors, 32% of patients had systolic blood pressures of less than or equal to 90 mm Hg in association with sepsis (59%), cardiac failure (18%), or hemorrhage (18%). The most common causes of lactic acidosis in the absence of shock were sepsis (49%), liver disease (15%), and respiratory failure (12%). The median survival was 38.5 hours. Survival at 24 hours was 59%. Arterial pH predicted 24-hour survival better than base deficit or bicarbonate level. Percent survival was 41% at 3 days and 17% at 30 days. Only 21% of patients survived to leave the intensive care unit, and 17% were discharged from the hospital. In patients receiving sodium bicarbonate, neither acid-base nor hemodynamic status improved. CONCLUSIONS In this first prospective study of the clinical course of acute lactic acidosis in adults, nearly all subjects had both hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic (metabolic) underlying causes, many of which independently predicted survival and most of which were refractory to standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Stacpoole
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610
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35
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Abstract
With the increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence amongst antenatal clinic attenders, and given that current medical opinion considers it desirable that a woman is aware of her serostatus, it has been recommended that the HIV test is offered to all women in the antenatal clinic and that its uptake is monitored. This paper reports on the uptake rate during the 12 months to February 1990 at a central London hospital, which was 17%, and the characteristics of the women who agreed to be tested for HIV. Using information collected by the midwife on an interactive computer during the 'booking' interview, it was found that women who were single and not in a stable relationship (p < 0.001) and those who described themselves as Mediterranean (p < 0.01) were more likely to accept the test. Caucasian women (p < 0.05) and married women (p < 0.05) were less likely to accept the test. Accepters did not differ from decliners in any other variable examined. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
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Boggild MD, Jenkinson S, Pistorello M, Boscaro M, Scanarini M, McTernan P, Perrett CW, Thakker RV, Clayton RN. Molecular genetic studies of sporadic pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78:387-92. [PMID: 8106627 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.78.2.8106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor formation may result from the activation of dominant oncogenes or by inactivation of recessive, tumor suppressor genes. The role of such mutations in the development of pituitary tumors has been studied. Tumors from 88 patients, representing the 4 major classes of adenoma, were investigated. In DNA extracted from matched leukocyte and tumor samples, allelic deletions were sought with 15 probes identifying restriction fragment length polymorphisms on chromosomes 1, 5, 10, 11, 13, 17, 20, and 22. Evidence of amplification or rearrangement of 10 recognized cellular oncogenes (N-ras, mycL1, mycN, myc, H-ras, bcl1, H-stf1, sea, kraS2, and fos) was sought in tumor DNA. Activating dominant mutations of Gs alpha were detected using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify exons 7-10 and hybridizing the product to normal and mutant allele-specific oligonucleotides. Allelic deletions on chromosome 11 were identified in 16 tumors (18%) representing all 4 major subtypes. Deletions on other autosomes were observed in less than 6% of tumors. Three adenomas had deletions on multiple autosomes, 2 of these were aggressive and recurrent. Mutations of Gs alpha were confirmed to be specific to somatotrophinomas, being identified in 36% of such tumors in this series. No evidence of amplification or rearrangement of other recognized cellular oncogenes was found. Inactivation of a recessive oncogene on chromosome 11 is an important and possibly early event in the development of the four major types of pituitary adenoma, whereas activating mutations of Gs alpha are confirmed to be specific to somatotropinomas. Two aggressive tumors were found to have multiple autosomal losses, suggesting a multistep progression in the development of tumors of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Boggild
- Department of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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37
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Abstract
The effects of lithium on muscarinic cholinoceptor-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover have been investigated in rat hippocampal, striatal, and cerebral cortical slices using [3H]inositol or [3H]cytidine prelabelling and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] mass determination methods. Carbachol addition resulted in maintained increases in Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 mass levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, whereas in striatal slices these responses declined significantly over a 30-min incubation period. Carbachol-stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 accumulations were inhibited by lithium in all brain regions studied in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. For example, in hippocampal slices significant inhibitory effects of LiCl were observed at times > 10 min after agonist challenge; IC50 values for inhibition of agonist-stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 accumulations by lithium were 0.22 +/- 0.09 and 0.33 +/- 0.13 mM, respectively. [3H]CMP-phosphatidate accumulation increased in all brain regions when slices were stimulated by agonist and lithium. The ability of myo-inositol to reverse these effects, as well as lithium-suppressed Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation, implicates myo-inositol depletion in the action of lithium in the hippocampus and cortex at least. The results of this study suggest that although significant differences in the magnitude and time courses of changes in inositol (poly)phosphate metabolites occur in different brain regions, lithium evokes qualitatively similar enhancements of [3H]inositol monophosphate and [3H]-CMP-phosphatidate levels and inhibitions of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 accumulations. However, the inability of striatal slices to sustain carbachol-stimulated inositol polyphosphate accumulation in the absence of lithium and the inability to reverse effects with myo-inositol may indicate differences in phosphoinositide signalling in this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Leicester, England
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38
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Anzueto A, Munoz J, Glenn ME, Wise D, Duncan C, Jenkinson S. Left upper extremity edema, rash, and venous varicosities in a 52-year-old man. Chest 1993; 103:1849-50. [PMID: 8404111 DOI: 10.1378/chest.103.6.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Anzueto
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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39
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Guild SB, Jenkinson S, Muir TC. The interaction between noradrenaline and ATP upon polyphosphoinositide metabolism and contraction in tail arteries from normo- and hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993; 44:836-40. [PMID: 1360510 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of, and interaction between, noradrenaline and alpha,beta-methylene ATP upon polyphosphoinositide (PPI) breakdown, investigated by measuring the accumulation of inositol phosphates, and contraction, were studied in tail arteries from normo- (WKY) and spontaneously-hypertensive (SHR) rats. Noradrenaline (10(-7)-10(-3) M) evoked a prazosin (10(-6) M)-sensitive, concentration-dependent increase in total inositol phosphate accumulation in both WKY and SHR rats. No significant differences were observed in either the maximal response or in the concentration range over which noradrenaline evoked this response, between these two populations. Noradrenaline (5 x 10(-7)-5 x 10(-5) M) evoked a concentration-dependent contraction of arteries from both SHR and WKY rats. The responses to noradrenaline were about 2-fold greater at all effective concentrations of noradrenaline in SHR compared with WKY rats. alpha,beta-Methylene ATP (10(-6) M) did not alter noradrenaline-stimulated total inositol phosphate accumulation, in arteries from either SHR or WKY rats, measured either as the maximal response or as the EC50. alpha,beta-Methylene ATP (5 x 10(-6) M), by itself, evoked a contractile response, which was quantitatively similar in SHR and WKY rats, and was additive with the contractile responses to noradrenaline (5 x 10(-7)-5 x 10(-5) M). The maximum response produced by a combination of noradrenaline and alpha,beta-Methylene ATP was quantitatively similar to that produced by noradrenaline alone. No evidence of synergism between alpha,beta-Methylene ATP and noradrenaline upon contraction was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Guild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Glasgow, UK
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40
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Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, Bersin RM, Buchalter S, Curry SH, Duncan CA, Harman EM, Henderson GN, Jenkinson S. A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1564-9. [PMID: 1435883 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199211263272204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality is very high in lactic acidosis, and there is no satisfactory treatment other than treatment of the underlying cause. Uncontrolled studies have suggested that dichloroacetate, which stimulates the oxidation of lactate to acetyl-coenzyme A and carbon dioxide, might reduce morbidity and improve survival among patients with this condition. METHODS We conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized trial of intravenous sodium dichloroacetate therapy in 252 patients with lactic acidosis; 126 were assigned to receive dichloroacetate and 126 to receive placebo. The entry criteria included an arterial-blood lactate concentration of > or = 5.0 mmol per liter and either an arterial-blood pH of < or = 7.35 or a base deficit of > or = 6 mmol per liter. The mean (+/- SD) arterial-blood lactate concentrations before treatment were 11.6 +/- 7.0 mmol per liter in the dichloroacetate-treated patients and 10.4 +/- 5.5 mmol per liter in the placebo group, and the mean initial arterial-blood pH values were 7.24 +/- 0.12 and 7.24 +/- 0.13, respectively. Eighty-six percent of the patients required mechanical ventilation, and 74 percent required pressor agents, inotropic drugs, or both because of hypotension. RESULTS The arterial-blood lactate concentration decreased 20 percent or more in 83 (66 percent) of the 126 patients who received dichloroacetate and 45 (36 percent) of the 126 patients who received placebo (P = 0.001). The arterial-blood pH also increased more in the dichloroacetate-treated patients (P = 0.005). The absolute magnitude of the differences was small, however, and they were not associated with improvement in hemodynamics or survival. Only 12 percent of the dichloroacetate-treated patients and 17 percent of the placebo patients survived to be discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Dichloroacetate treatment of patients with severe lactic acidosis results in statistically significant but clinically unimportant changes in arterial-blood lactate concentrations and pH and fails to alter either hemodynamics or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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41
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Jenkinson S, Challiss RA, Nahorski SR. Evidence for lithium-sensitive inositol 4,5-bisphosphate accumulation in muscarinic cholinoceptor-stimulated cerebral-cortex slices. Biochem J 1992; 287 ( Pt 2):437-42. [PMID: 1445202 PMCID: PMC1133184 DOI: 10.1042/bj2870437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of [3H]inositol-prelabelled rat cerebral-cortex slices with carbachol results in the accumulation of four [3H]inositol bisphosphate isomeric species, Ins(1,3)P2, Ins(1,4)P2, Ins(3,4)P2 and Ins(4,5)P2. Although the last isomer ran as a minor peak on h.p.l.c., its accumulation was dramatically enhanced in the presence of Li+ (1 mM), such that at 30 min it represented almost 35% of the total bisphosphate fraction. The accumulation of Ins(4,5)P2 appeared to be very sensitive to Li+ (EC50 = 94 +/- 3 microM), strongly implicating a Li(+)-sensitive metabolism. Evidence for this is provided from the rapid but Li(+)-sensitive decay of Ins(4,5)P2 when muscarinic-receptor stimulation is antagonized by atropine at a time when accumulations have reached a new steady state. Manipulation of phospholipase D by activators and inhibitors of protein kinase C did not suggest a role for phospholipase D hydrolysis of PtdInsP2 in the formation of Ins(4,5)P2. Attempts to reveal Ins(4,5)P2 metabolism, or indeed its synthesis from Ins(1,4,5)P3, were not successful with broken cell preparations and strongly suggest discrete compartmentation of inositol phosphate metabolism in the intact cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Leicester, U.K
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42
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Nahorski SR, Jenkinson S, Challiss RA. Lithium-induced disruption of cell signalling in brain: evidence implicating the phosphoinositide cycle. Pharmacol Toxicol 1992; 71 Suppl 1:42-8. [PMID: 1336197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb01628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S R Nahorski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
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Abstract
1. The effects of noradrenaline upon polyphosphoinositide (PPI) breakdown was investigated by measuring the accumulation of inositol phosphates (IPs) in tail arteries from normo- (WKY) and spontaneously-hypertensive (SHR) rats. 2. Noradrenaline (10(-7)-10(-3) M) evoked a concentration-dependent increase in total IP accumulation in both WKY and SHR rats but no significant differences between the populations were detected. 3. In contrast, significant differences in the accumulation of the individual IPs, which contributed to the total IP, occurred. A significantly greater noradrenaline-stimulated accumulation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was observed in tissues from SHR compared with those from WKY rats at each effective concentration of noradrenaline. This was paralleled by an equivalent reduction in inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, consistent with the lack of a significant difference in noradrenaline-stimulated total IP accumulation between the two populations. 4. In time course studies, an enhanced noradrenaline-induced accumulation of IP3, in SHR compared to WKY rats, occurred from the earliest time point studied after the addition of the catecholamine both in the presence and absence of LiCL (10 mM). In the presence of LiCl (10 mM) no significant difference in noradrenaline-evoked total IP accumulation between SHR and WKY rats was observed; in the absence of LiCl noradrenaline-evoked a greater total IP accumulation in SHR than in WKY rats at all time points investigated. 5. These studies suggest that the main reason for the enhanced noradrenaline-induced accumulation of IP3 in arteries from SHR rats is a reduced rate of dephosphorylation of both IP3 and inositol bisphosphate (IP2) rather than a greater formation of IP3 from PPIs.6. This enhanced accumulation of IP3 may result in an increased calcium mobilisation accounting for the increased contractility to noradrenaline of tail arteries from SHR as compared with those from WKY rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Guild
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Glasgow
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Nahorski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Leicester, U.K
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45
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Jenkinson S, Patel N, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA. Quantitation of the lithium-sensitive component of the muscarinic receptor-stimulated inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate response in rat cerebral cortex. Biochem Soc Trans 1992; 20:137S. [PMID: 1327901 DOI: 10.1042/bst020137s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Jenkinson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Leicester, U.K
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Meadows J, Jenkinson S, Catalan J, Gazzard B. Voluntary HIV testing in the antenatal clinic: differing uptake rates for individual counselling midwives. AIDS Care 1990; 2:229-33. [PMID: 2088518 DOI: 10.1080/09540129008257735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study looked at 12 midwives in the Riverside Health Authority who counselled parturient women about having the HIV antibody test. Results showed that the uptake rate of the test varied considerably across midwives (82% to 3%). Uptake rate varied, to some extent, by ethnic group of the midwife; Afro-Caribbeans having 36% uptake, others 11%. However, the wide variation within these groups suggests that ethnicity alone does not explain the difference in uptake rate. Factors which could be associated with uptake rate are the individual characteristics of both the midwife and of the antenatal clinic attender, such as age, ethnicity, knowledge of and attitudes to HIV and antibody testing, as well as the counselling approach of the individual midwife.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meadows
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School
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47
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Jenkinson S. Cost effectiveness--a practical approach. Occup Health (Lond) 1989; 41:319-20. [PMID: 2516896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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49
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Geraci TL, Jenkinson S, Janis L, Stewart R. Mucinous (adenocystic) sweat gland carcinoma of the great toe. J Foot Surg 1987; 26:520-3. [PMID: 2833541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a rare case of mucinous (adenocystic) eccrine carcinoma isolated in the hallux and present a review of the literature. The potential for metastases involving this skin tumor is low with local excision and 1-year follow-up the treatment of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Geraci
- Department of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Doctors Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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50
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Shephard RA, Stevenson D, Jenkinson S. Effects of valproate on hyponeophagia in rats: competitive antagonism with picrotoxin and non-competitive antagonism with RO 15-1788. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1985; 86:313-7. [PMID: 2994145 DOI: 10.1007/bf00432220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of valproate (30-500 mg/kg), alone and in combination with picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) or RO 15-1788 (10 mg/kg) were studied in two experiments on hyponeophagia in rats. Valproate reduced eating latency and increased eating time and amount eaten of novel food, except at 500 mg/kg which reduced feeding. Picrotoxin induced generally opposite actions alone and shifted valproate dose/response curves to the right. RO 15-1788 had no detectable intrinsic action, but prevented both the behavioural facilitation and inhibition produced by valproate. These findings are discussed in the context of the GABA hypothesis of benzodiazepine action, with the conclusions that they provide behavioural support for the hypothesis of a receptor complex with GABA and benzodiazepine binding sites, and that an optimal and submaximal level of activity at the benzodiazepine site is a necessary condition for anxiolytic actions of valproate.
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