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Murthy D, Attri KS, Shukla SK, Thakur R, Chaika NV, He C, Wang D, Jha K, Dasgupta A, King RJ, Mulder SE, Souchek J, Gebregiworgis T, Rai V, Patel R, Hu T, Rana S, Kollala SS, Pacheco C, Grandgenett PM, Yu F, Kumar V, Lazenby AJ, Black AR, Ulhannan S, Jain A, Edil BH, Klinkebiel DL, Powers R, Natarajan A, Hollingsworth MA, Mehla K, Ly Q, Chaudhary S, Hwang RF, Wellen KE, Singh PK. Author Correction: Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived acetate promotes pancreatic cancer development by altering polyamine metabolism via the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis. Nat Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41556-024-01417-8. [PMID: 38641662 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ravi Thakur
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nina V Chaika
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chunbo He
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kanupriya Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aneesha Dasgupta
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ryan J King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Scott E Mulder
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joshua Souchek
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Teklab Gebregiworgis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikant Rai
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rohit Patel
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tuo Hu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Camila Pacheco
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susanna Ulhannan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Quan Ly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Murthy D, Attri KS, Shukla SK, Thakur R, Chaika NV, He C, Wang D, Jha K, Dasgupta A, King RJ, Mulder SE, Souchek J, Gebregiworgis T, Rai V, Patel R, Hu T, Rana S, Kollala SS, Pacheco C, Grandgenett PM, Yu F, Kumar V, Lazenby AJ, Black AR, Ulhannan S, Jain A, Edil BH, Klinkebiel DL, Powers R, Natarajan A, Hollingsworth MA, Mehla K, Ly Q, Chaudhary S, Hwang RF, Wellen KE, Singh PK. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived acetate promotes pancreatic cancer development by altering polyamine metabolism via the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:613-627. [PMID: 38429478 PMCID: PMC11021164 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability of tumour cells to thrive in harsh microenvironments depends on the utilization of nutrients available in the milieu. Here we show that pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulate tumour cell metabolism through the secretion of acetate, which can be blocked by silencing ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) in CAFs. We further show that acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) channels the exogenous acetate to regulate the dynamic cancer epigenome and transcriptome, thereby facilitating cancer cell survival in an acidic microenvironment. Comparative H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses revealed alterations in polyamine homeostasis through regulation of SAT1 gene expression and enrichment of the SP1-responsive signature. We identified acetate/ACSS2-mediated acetylation of SP1 at the lysine 19 residue that increased SP1 protein stability and transcriptional activity. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis diminished the tumour burden in mouse models. These results reveal that the metabolic flexibility imparted by the stroma-derived acetate enabled cancer cell survival under acidosis via the ACSS2-SP1-SAT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ravi Thakur
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nina V Chaika
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chunbo He
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kanupriya Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aneesha Dasgupta
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ryan J King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Scott E Mulder
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Joshua Souchek
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Teklab Gebregiworgis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikant Rai
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rohit Patel
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tuo Hu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Camila Pacheco
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Audrey J Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susanna Ulhannan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David L Klinkebiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Quan Ly
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Jha K, Kumar A, Bhatnagar K, Patra A, Bhavesh NS, Singh B, Chaudhary S. Modulation of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) interaction with their binding partners in cancers through acetylation and phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2024; 1867:195003. [PMID: 37992989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.195003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of transcription factors regulate transcriptional activity and play a key role in essentially all biological processes and generate indispensable insight towards biological function including activity state, subcellular localization, protein solubility, protein folding, substrate trafficking, and protein-protein interactions. Amino acids modified chemically via PTMs, function as molecular switches and affect the protein function and characterization and increase the proteome complexity. Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) control essential cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration, programmed cell death and various cancer-relevant processes. We investigated the interactions of KLF group-2 members with their binding partners to assess the role of acetylation and phosphorylation in KLFs on their binding affinity. It was observed that acetylation and phosphorylation at different positions in KLFs have a variable effect on binding with specific partners. KLF2-EP300, KLF4-SP1, KLF6-ATF3, KLF6-JUN, and KLF7-JUN show stabilization upon acetylation or phosphorylation at variable positions. On the other hand, KLF4-CBP, KLF4-EP300, KLF5-CBP, KLF5-WWP1, KLF6-SP1, and KLF7-ATF3 show stabilization or destabilization due to acetylation or phosphorylation at variable positions in KLFs. This provides a molecular explanation of the experimentally observed dual role of KLF group-2 members as a suppressor or activator of cancers in a PTM-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Kartik Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Anupam Patra
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Bipin Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Centre for Life Sciences, Mahindra University, Bahadurpally, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, Telangana 500043, India.
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
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Gupta G, Jha K, Chaudhary S. Biosensor Assays Types and Their Roles Toward Ligand-Receptor Interactions in Drug Discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023. [PMID: 37285190 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand-receptor interactions (LRIs) are the basis for all the biological processes taking place in living cells and have been exploited to develop and implement in medical field a number of highly sensitive biosensors for the detection of various biomarkers in complex biological fluids. Drug-target interactions, one of the LRIs, are important to understand the biological processes that further help in developing new and better therapeutic molecules. Biosensors based on these interactions give us an idea for the need of modification of existing drugs or to develop new drugs. Common approach to develop biosensors requires the labeling; however, label-free systems provide advantages in avoiding the chances of conformational changes, off-site labeling, and labeling-based hindrances, thus saving time and effort toward assay development. Preliminary drug screening assays are carried out in two-dimensional (2D) models, followed by animal models, which require huge capital investment to reach from bench-top to clinical trials, where only 21% of new compounds make way to phase-1 clinical trials. Three-dimensional culture or organoid culture or organ-on-chip technology has made way for predictive and complex in vitro approach that recapitulates human physiology and represents more similar in vivo behavior than 2D. Multiplexing and nanotechnology have remarkably enhanced the efficacy of biosensors and might lead to a generation of miniaturized biosensors and more than just point-of-care kits. This review provides in-depth analysis of different types of biosensor assays based on drug-target interactions, their advantages, and limitations based on cost, sensitivity, and selectivity and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Kanupriya Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
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Barik S, Garg V, Sinha SK, Chaudhary S, Kandwal P, Singh V. A Meta-Analysis on Comparison of Open vs Closed Reduction of Gartland Type 3 Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2023; 90:198-205. [PMID: 37395427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Although there are numerous studies on outcomes and comparison of open and closed reduction but there is no clarity on relationship between outcomes and complications with type of surgical intervention done for Type 3 Gartland supracondylar humerus fracture. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes and complications of closed vs open reduction in Type 3 Gartland supracondylar humerus fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic literature searches of Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was conducted in February 2022 using the terms "supracondylar", "humerus", "fracture", "Gartland type 3" and synonymous. The data extracted included the study details, demographic data, procedure performed, final functional and cosmetic outcome according to Flynn criteria and complications of included studies. RESULTS Pooled data analysis revealed no significant difference in mean satisfactory outcome rate according to Flynn cosmetic criteria in open group (97%, 95% CI 95.5%-98.5%), as compared to closed group (97.5%, 95% CI 96.3%-98.7%), although a statistically significant difference in mean satisfactory rate according to Flynn functional criteria in open group (93.4%, 95% CI 90.8%- 96.1%) as compared to closed group (98.5%, 95% CI 97.5%-99.4%) was noted. On separate comparison of the two-arm studies, closed reduction favoured better functional outcomes (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation have better functional outcome than open reduction with K-wire fixation. But there was no significant difference in cosmetic outcomes, overall complication rate and nerve injury with either open or closed reduction. The threshold of converting a closed reduction to an open reduction in supracondylar humerus fractures of children should be high. Key words: supracondylar humerus, open reduction, percutaneous pinning, Flynn criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barik
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - V Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - P Kandwal
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Chaudhary S, Das L, Sharma N, Sachdeva N, Bhansali A, Dutta P. Utility of myxedema score as a predictor of mortality in myxedema coma. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:59-65. [PMID: 35945394 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myxedema crisis (MC) is a rare condition. There is a dearth of data regarding the predictors of mortality in MC. Predictive scores for mortality specific to the clinical and biochemical profile of MC are still lacking. DESIGN AND METHODS All consecutive patients presenting with MC from September 2006 to December 2020 comprised the new cohort. Patients managed between January 1999 and August 2006 comprised the old cohort. Both cohorts were compared for the determination of secular trends. Combined analysis of both the cohorts was done for clinico-demographic profile and predictors of mortality. Myxedema score (MS) and qSOFA (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score were evaluated in all the patients. RESULTS A total of forty-one patients (new cohort; n = 18 and old cohort; n = 23) were enrolled into the study. There was a female predominance (80.5%). Nearly half (51.2%) of the patients were newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism on admission. Overall mortality was 60.9%. On comparative analysis among survivors and non-survivors, female gender (OR 20.4, p value 0.018), need for mechanical ventilation (OR16.4, p value 0.009), in-hospital hypotension (OR 9.1, p value 0.020), and high qSOFA score (OR 7.1, p value 0.023) predicted mortality. MS of > 90 had significantly higher mortality (OR-11.8, p value - 0.026) while MS of > 110 had 100% mortality. There was no change in secular trends over last 20 years. There was no difference in outcome of patients receiving oral or IV levothyroxine. CONCLUSION Myxedema crisis is associated with high mortality despite improvement in health care services. The current study is first to elucidate the role of the MS in predicting mortality in patients with MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Nehru Extension Block, 1012, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - L Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Nehru Extension Block, 1012, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - N Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Nehru Extension Block, 1012, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - A Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Nehru Extension Block, 1012, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - P Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Nehru Extension Block, 1012, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Chaudhary S, Walia R, Bhansali A, Dayal D, Sachdeva N, Singh T, Bhadada SK. Unravelling a novel, promising and convenient tool for differential diagnosis of delayed puberty: GnRHa-stimulated inhibin B (GnRH-iB). J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2265-2273. [PMID: 35841519 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiological diagnosis of delayed puberty is difficult. Despite availability of various basal and stimulation tests differentiation between constitutional delay in puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is still challenging. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of GnRH agonist-stimulated inhibin B (GnRH-iB) for the differential diagnosis of delayed puberty. STUDY DESIGN Participants were recruited into "exploratory cohort" (n = 39) and "validation cohort" (n = 16). "Exploratory cohort" included children with spontaneous puberty and patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. "Validation cohort" constituted children who presented with delayed puberty. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME GnRHa (Triptorelin) stimulation test along with measurement of inhibin B level at 24 h after GnRHa injection was performed in all the study participants. Cut-offs for GnRH-iB were derived from the "exploratory cohort". These cut-offs were applied to the "validation cohort". Basal LH, basal inhibin B(INH-B), GnRHa-stimulated LH at 4 h (GnRH-LH) and GnRH-iB were evaluated for the prediction of onset of puberty on prospective follow-up. RESULTS GnRH-iB at a cut-off value of 113.5 pg/ml in boys and 72.6 pg/ml in girls had 100% sensitivity and specificity for the documentation of puberty. In the "validation cohort" basal LH, basal INH-B, GnRH-LH, and GnRH-iB had a diagnostic accuracy of 68.75%, 81.25%, 68.75% and 93.75% respectively, for the prediction of onset of puberty. Basal LH, basal INH-B and GnRH-LH used alone or in combination were inferior to GnRH-iB used alone. CONCLUSION GnRHa-stimulated inhibin B (GnRH-iB) is a convenient and easily employable test for the differentiation of constitutional delay in puberty from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. CTRI REGISTRATION NO CTRI/2019/10/021570.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - R Walia
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - A Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - D Dayal
- Department of Paediatrics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - N Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - T Singh
- Department of Radiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Chaudhary S, Kędziera D, Rafiński Z, Dobrzańska L. Polymorphism in a series of dipodal N-donor ligands containing a biphenyl core. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322090921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Brahmbhatt N, Mishra V, Aggrawal R, Chaudhary S, Shah K, Priya P, Solanki S, Sheth H, Patel K, Suthar A, Patel K, Repswal P, Dongare A. P-059 Effect of outcome of microfluidic sperm sorter and conventional swim-up technique on DNA integrity of the sperm. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does the approach of sperm preparation technique plays any role in sperm DNA Integrity
Summary answer
Outcome of the semen sample is directly proportional to the choice of preparation technique. Microfluidics improves sperm selection and results in better sperm DNA integrity
What is known already
Microfluidic systems are promising tools for fluid manipulation that can noninvasively separate motile sperm with higher hydrodynamics profile from the lower ones. It also enables to manipulate micro swimmers as compared to the traditional methods that to without centrifugation .As it is already known that Semen analysis and preparation is one of the most important aspects in andrology and microfluidics can improve sperm analysis and selection, therefore increasing the ART success rates
Study design, size, duration
Comparative study from July 2019 to Dec 2021 in IVF unit of IKDRC Hospital .A total number of 900 patients were enrolled in the study and were randomized by using computer generated list then divided into two groups, Group A contains 460 samples and Group B having 440 samples.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Group A (n = 460) sample was prepared by using Microfluidic sperm Sorting technique and Group B (n = 440) sample was prepared by conventional Swim up technique. Samples were analyzed according to WHO 2010 laboratory manual for examination and processing of human sperm, including all normozoospermic samples. Primary outcomes of the study was DNA Fragmentation index (DFI) and it was evaluated by using sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and secondary outcomes was Progressive motility .
Main results and the role of chance
DNA fragmentation index is significantly lower in group A where Microfluidic Sperm Sorting technique (MFSS )is used than in group B where conventional swim up technique is use (10.06% vs 34.2%, p<0.0001) significant values implies that DNA integrity is better in group A than in group B and progressive motility was also found to be significantly higher in group A as compared to group B (57.6%vs16.9%, p <0.001).
Limitations, reasons for caution
As sample size was smaller, larger randomized control studies are needed to strengthen these results and all normal samples were used for the analysis and preparation , abnormal parameters were not involved .
Wider implications of the findings
According to our study the samples prepared by Microfluidic technique have higher DNA integrity than samples prepared by Swim up technique. Lower DNA Fragmentation index in microfluidics outcome indicates lower DNA damage. Choice of technique for the preparation of semen sample also plays a key role in better sperm selection.
Trial registration number
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brahmbhatt
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae , Embryology, ahemdabad, India
| | - V Mishra
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
| | - R Aggrawal
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
| | - S Chaudhary
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
| | - K Shah
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
| | - P Priya
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
| | - S Solanki
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
| | - H Sheth
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae , Embryology, ahemdabad, India
| | - K Patel
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae , Embryology, ahemdabad, India
| | - A Suthar
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae , Embryology, ahemdabad, India
| | - K Patel
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae , Embryology, ahemdabad, India
| | - P Repswal
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae , Embryology, ahemdabad, India
| | - A Dongare
- IVF Unit -Department of obs and gynae, obstetrics and gynaecology , ahemdabad, India
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Bhatt M, Vazirani A, Srivastava S, Chaudhary S. A Blueprint For a Cost-Efficient IoT Enable Biotech Lab. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Bhatt
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aman Vazirani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sumant Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
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Shrestha K, Sharma P, Shah S, Thomas M, Franco PM, Guru P, Chaudhary S. Hyperammonemia Refractory to Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, a Fatal Complication Post-Lung Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Majhi S, Chaudhary S, Verma M, Rajkumari ., Sharma M, Chauhan I, Singh L, Talan H, Sharma S. In-Vitro Antioxidant and Pharmacognostic Studies of Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn) Seed Coat. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60b34933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Pulses have grown increasingly popular as a result of their high nutritional content and phytochemical content. However, before to eating, the seed coats of some legume food items were removed, resulting in the food losing its nutritious content. The study deals with the study of pharmacognostic & physico-chemical profile along with in-vitro estimation of bioactive compounds of Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn) seed coat.
Methodology: The morphology of kidney beans was evaluated. Seed length, width, thickness, and surface area were also determined. In physico-chemical parameters extractive value ash value, moisture content, swelling index were recorded. Phytochemical screening displayed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, amino acid, tannins, carbohydrates and saponins. HPTLC & in-vitro estimations were done.
Results: Morphology revealed dark brownish red seed, kidney to oval shaped, medium size and bland taste. Microscopically, the transverse section showed the presence of proteinaceous aleurone cells, macro-sclereids and starch granules with irregular oval shape in the cotyledon specify the energy reservoir of seeds. HPTLC showed the presence of flavonoids in Phaseolus vulgaris seed coats. The antioxidant profile revealed TFC (total flavonoid content) as 13.62 mg/g QE (quercetin equivalent) and TPC (total phenolic content) as 32.03 ± 1.50 mg/g GAE. IC50 value for vitamin C was found to be 369.03 µg/ml as compared to Phaseolus vulgaris seed coat 423.00µg/ml.
Conclusion: The study can serve as a valuable source of information and due to presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoid (quercetin) it could be considered for its neuroprotective activity.
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Hu T, Shukla SK, Vernucci E, He C, Wang D, King RJ, Jha K, Siddhanta K, Mullen NJ, Attri KS, Murthy D, Chaika NV, Thakur R, Mulder SE, Pacheco CG, Fu X, High RR, Yu F, Lazenby A, Steegborn C, Lan P, Mehla K, Rotili D, Chaudhary S, Valente S, Tafani M, Mai A, Auwerx J, Verdin E, Tuveson D, Singh PK. Metabolic Rewiring by Loss of Sirt5 Promotes Kras-Induced Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1584-1600. [PMID: 34245764 PMCID: PMC8546779 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS SIRT5 plays pleiotropic roles via post-translational modifications, serving as a tumor suppressor, or an oncogene, in different tumors. However, the role SIRT5 plays in the initiation and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. METHODS Published datasets and tissue arrays with SIRT5 staining were used to investigate the clinical relevance of SIRT5 in PDAC. Furthermore, to define the role of SIRT5 in the carcinogenesis of PDAC, we generated autochthonous mouse models with conditional Sirt5 knockout. Moreover, to examine the mechanistic role of SIRT5 in PDAC carcinogenesis, SIRT5 was knocked down in PDAC cell lines and organoids, followed by metabolomics and proteomics studies. A novel SIRT5 activator was used for therapeutic studies in organoids and patient-derived xenografts. RESULTS SIRT5 expression negatively regulated tumor cell proliferation and correlated with a favorable prognosis in patients with PDAC. Genetic ablation of Sirt5 in PDAC mouse models promoted acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, precursor lesions, and pancreatic tumorigenesis, resulting in poor survival. Mechanistically, SIRT5 loss enhanced glutamine and glutathione metabolism via acetylation-mediated activation of GOT1. A selective SIRT5 activator, MC3138, phenocopied the effects of SIRT5 overexpression and exhibited antitumor effects on human PDAC cells. MC3138 also diminished nucleotide pools, sensitizing human PDAC cell lines, organoids, and patient-derived xenografts to gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we identify SIRT5 as a key tumor suppressor in PDAC, whose loss promotes tumorigenesis through increased noncanonic use of glutamine via GOT1, and that SIRT5 activation is a novel therapeutic strategy to target PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic/genetics
- Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Disease Progression
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Activators/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sirtuins/deficiency
- Sirtuins/genetics
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Hu
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Enza Vernucci
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Chunbo He
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dezhen Wang
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ryan J King
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kanupriya Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kasturi Siddhanta
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nicholas J Mullen
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kuldeep S Attri
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Divya Murthy
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nina V Chaika
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ravi Thakur
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Scott E Mulder
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Camila G Pacheco
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Xiao Fu
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Robin R High
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Audrey Lazenby
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biochemistry, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - David Tuveson
- Cancer Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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Chaudhary S, Ranamagar R, Shrestha L, Pun DB, Karmacharya P, Mahotra NB. The Postural Effects on Electrical Activities of Heart in Apparently Healthy Young Adults. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:499-502. [PMID: 36259195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The electrical activities of heart recorded as electrocardiogram (ECG) are mostly done in supine postures. The body postural changes have effects in these electrical activities in heart which needs to be properly recognized. Objective To find the variations in electrocardiogram during postural changes from supine to upright i.e. sitting and standing postures among apparently healthy young adults. Method A cross sectional study was carried out in Manipal College of Medical Sciences after the institutional ethical clearance. The apparently healthy 30 Nepalese male medical students between 18-25 years of age were enrolled. The electrocardiography was elicited in supine, sitting and standing postures in the participants after 5 minutes' interval between each procedure in each participant. Result The highest mean amplitudes of Q wave were seen in sitting postures (0.12±0.04 mm), R wave in standing postures (1.46±0.55 mm) and S wave also in standing postures (0.23±0.2 mm). The mean amplitudes of Q and S waves showed statistically significant difference when compared between supine and upright postures. The maximum QRS duration was found while sitting (0.08±0.01 ms)and maximum heart rate in standing posture (82.43±10.59/min). The mean comparison of heart rate was statistically highly significant when compared between supine and standing postures. The mean QRS frontal axis was comparatively increased while standing (64.30±39.29). Conclusion The electrical activities of heart vary during postural changes among apparently healthy young adults. These changes are most prominent when compared between supine and standing postures which urges for careful interpretation of electrocardiogram if it is done in upright postures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Ranamagar
- Department of Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - L Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D B Pun
- Department of Physiology, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Karnali, Nepal
| | - P Karmacharya
- Department of Physiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - N B Mahotra
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
The sudden emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has brought the world to a standstill. Thousands of people across the globe are biting the dust with every passing day and yet more are being tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to dispense this current crisis, numerous treatment options have been tried and tested and many more are still under scrutiny. The development of vaccines may help in the prevention of the global pandemic, however, there is still a need for the development of alternate approaches to combat the disease. In this review we highlight the new discoveries and furtherance in the antibody based therapeutic options and the potent drugs, with special emphasis on the development of the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and the repurposed drugs, which may prove to be of significant importance for the treatment of COVID-19, in the days to come. It is an attempt to evaluate the currently presented challenges so as to provide a scope for the ongoing research and assistance in the development of the effective therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Tandon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Anchal Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Shubhra Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Sanjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Plot Nos. 8-11, Tech Zone 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
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Polani Chandrasekar R, Saravana Kumar D, Dzeyie K, Vignesh M, Sankara D, Raveendran I, Premkumar B, Ponnaiah M, Parasuraman G, Chaudhary S, Bhatnagar T, Kathuria S, Jain S, Singh S, Murhekar M. Outbreak of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi attributed to eating chicken at hotel X, Tiruchirappalli, India, 2018. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ron A, Chaudhary S, Zhang G, Ning H, Zoghlin E, Wilson SD, Averitt RD, Refael G, Hsieh D. Ultrafast Enhancement of Ferromagnetic Spin Exchange Induced by Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:197203. [PMID: 33216570 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.197203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate a nonthermal pathway to optically enhance superexchange interaction energies in a material based on exciting ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions, which introduces lower-order virtual hopping contributions that are absent in the ground state. We demonstrate this effect in the layered ferromagnetic insulator CrSiTe_{3} by exciting Te-to-Cr charge-transfer transitions using ultrashort laser pulses and detecting coherent phonon oscillations that are impulsively generated by superexchange enhancement via magneto-elastic coupling. This mechanism kicks in below the temperature scale where short-range in-plane spin correlations begin to develop and disappears when the excitation energy is tuned away from the charge-transfer resonance, consistent with our predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ron
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - H Ning
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Zoghlin
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S D Wilson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R D Averitt
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - G Refael
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Hsieh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Pulcini C, Goyal M, Hall M, Gruhler H, Chaudhary S, Alpern E, Fein J, Fleegler E. 286 Firearm Injuries: Long-Term Health Outcomes and Health Care Expenditures for Children. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Gaur V, Chaudhary S, Tyagi A, Bakhshi S, Sharma P, Kumar S. Differential expression of various miRNAs in pediatric cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz239.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Plevris N, Chuah CS, Allen RM, Arnott ID, Brennan PN, Chaudhary S, Churchhouse AMD, Din S, Donoghue E, Gaya DR, Groome M, Jafferbhoy HM, Jenkinson PW, Lam WL, Lyons M, Macdonald JC, MacMaster M, Mowat C, Naismith GD, Potts LF, Saffouri E, Seenan JP, Sengupta A, Shasi P, Sutherland DI, Todd JA, Veryan J, Watson AJM, Watts DA, Jones GR, Lees CW. Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Scottish Vedolizumab Cohort. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1111-1120. [PMID: 30768123 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vedolizumab is an anti-a4b7 monoclonal antibody that is licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The aims of this study were to establish the real-world effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS This was a retrospective study involving seven NHS health boards in Scotland between June 2015 and November 2017. Inclusion criteria included: a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease with objective evidence of active inflammation at baseline (Harvey-Bradshaw Index[HBI] ≥5/Partial Mayo ≥2 plus C-reactive protein [CRP] >5 mg/L or faecal calprotectin ≥250 µg/g or inflammation on endoscopy/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]); completion of induction; and at least one clinical follow-up by 12 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to establish 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission [clinical remission plus mucosal healing]. Rates of serious adverse events were described quantitatively. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 180 patients with ulcerative colitis and 260 with Crohn's disease. Combined median follow-up was 52 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 26-52 weeks). In ulcerative colitis, 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission were 57.4%, 47.3%, and 38.5%, respectively. In Crohn's disease, 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission, mucosal healing, and deep remission were 58.4%, 38.9%, and 28.3% respectively. The serious adverse event rate was 15.6 per 100 patient-years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab is a safe and effective treatment for achieving both clinical remission and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Plevris
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C S Chuah
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R M Allen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - I D Arnott
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P N Brennan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, UK
| | | | - S Din
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Donoghue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK
| | - D R Gaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Groome
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - H M Jafferbhoy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - P W Jenkinson
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - W L Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Lyons
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J C Macdonald
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M MacMaster
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Mowat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - G D Naismith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK
| | - L F Potts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - E Saffouri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Seenan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Sengupta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - P Shasi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - D I Sutherland
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, UK
| | - J A Todd
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - J Veryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - A J M Watson
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - D A Watts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, UK
| | - G R Jones
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C W Lees
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Panchal V, Jatana N, Malik A, Taneja B, Pal R, Bhatt A, Besra GS, Thukral L, Chaudhary S, Rao V. A novel mutation alters the stability of PapA2 resulting in the complete abrogation of sulfolipids in clinical mycobacterial strains. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:306-319. [PMID: 32123834 PMCID: PMC6996325 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of whole genomes has revealed specific geographical distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains across the globe suggestive of unique niche dependent adaptive mechanisms. We provide an important correlation of a genome-based mutation to a molecular phenotype across two predominant clinical Mtb lineages of the Indian subcontinent. We have identified a distinct lineage specific mutation-G247C, translating into an alanine-proline conversion in the papA2 gene of Indo-oceanic lineage 1 (L1) Mtb strains, and restoration of cell wall sulfolipids by simple genetic complementation of papA2 from lineage 3 (L3) or from H37Rv (lineage 4-L4) attributed the loss of this glycolipid to this specific mutation in Indo-Oceanic L1 Mtb. The investigation of structure of Mtb PapA2 revealed a distinct nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) C domain conformation with an unconventional presence of a zinc binding motif. Surprisingly, the A83P mutation did not map to either the catalytic center in the N-terminal subdomain or any of the substrate-binding region of the protein. On the contrary, the inherent ability of mutant PapA2 to form insoluble aggregates and molecular simulations with the wild-type/mutant (Wt/mut) PapA2 purports an important role for the surface associated 83rd residue in protein conformation. This study demonstrates the importance of a critical structural residue in the papA2 protein of Mtb and helps establish a link between observed genomic alteration and its molecular consequence in the successful human pathogen Mtb. Significance We demonstrate the effect of a unique SNP in PapA2 gene of Indo-oceanic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains leading to the loss of sulfolipid from these strains. By X-ray crystallographic analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show the importance of this residue in the global PapA2 structure. The presence of a Zn atom has not been reported before for this class of proteins. Here, we provide an important link between genomic alteration and its molecular consequence in Mtb highlighting one of the many adaptive mechanisms that have contributed to its success as a human pathogen. A high degree of identity with PapA1, 3, or 4 would help in interpreting the structure of these PapA proteins and other acyl transferases of other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Panchal
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusNew DelhiIndia
| | - Nidhi Jatana
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anchal Malik
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bhupesh Taneja
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Apoorva Bhatt
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences and Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Lipi Thukral
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vivek Rao
- Cardio Respiratory Disease BiologyCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) CampusNew DelhiIndia
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23
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Mitra M, Asad M, Kumar S, Yadav K, Chaudhary S, Bhavesh NS, Khalid S, Thukral L, Bajaj A. Distinct Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Dictates Antimicrobial Action of Membrane-Targeting Amphiphiles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:754-760. [PMID: 30694679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As mechanisms underpinning the molecular interactions between membrane-targeting antimicrobials and Gram-negative bacterial membranes at atomistic scale remain elusive, we used cholic acid (CA)-derived amphiphiles with different hydrophobicities as model antimicrobials and assessed the effect of their conformational flexibility on antimicrobial activity. Relative to other hydrophobic counterparts, a compound with a hexyl chain (6) showed the strongest binding with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacterial membranes and acted as an effective antimicrobial. Biomolecular simulations, validated by complementary approaches, revealed that specific intramolecular hydrogen bonding imparts conformationally rigid character to compound 6. This conformational stability of compound 6 allows minimum but specific interactions of the amphiphile with LPS that are a sum of exothermic processes like electrostatic interactions, membrane insertion, and endothermic contributions from disaggregation of LPS. Therefore, our study reveals that a membrane-targeting mechanism with the help of conformationally selective molecules offers a roadmap for developing future therapeutics against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Mitra
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , Faridabad 121001 , Haryana , India
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , Faridabad 121001 , Haryana , India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , Faridabad 121001 , Haryana , India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576104 , Karnataka , India
| | - Kavita Yadav
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , Faridabad 121001 , Haryana , India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576104 , Karnataka , India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology , Regional Centre for Biotechnology , NCR Biotech Science Cluster, third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , Faridabad 121001 , Haryana , India
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Tripathi D, Chaudhary S, Singh S. Awareness of stroke and assessment of knowledge of risk factors among stroke survivors in a tertiary care level hospital. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Membrane protein structural studies are frequently hampered by poor expression. The low natural abundance of these proteins implies a need for utilizing different heterologous expression systems. E. coli and yeast are commonly used expression systems due to rapid cell growth at high cell density, economical production, and ease of manipulation. Here we report a simplified, systematically developed robust strategy from small-scale screening to large-scale over-expression of human integral membrane proteins in the mammalian expression system for structural studies. This methodology streamlines small-scale screening of several different constructs utilizing fluorescence size-exclusion chromatography (FSEC) towards optimization of buffer, additives, and detergents for achieving stability and homogeneity. This is followed by the generation of stable clonal cell lines expressing desired constructs, and lastly large-scale expression for crystallization. These techniques are designed to rapidly advance the structural studies of eukaryotic integral membrane proteins including that of human membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhary
- Systems Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Sukanya Saha
- Systems Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sobrahani Thamminana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Robert M Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Panchal VN, Bothra A, Chaudhary S, Rao V. Molecular basis for mis-sense mutation-induced functional loss in Mtb PapA2. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317093068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Johansson N, Sisodiya S, Shayesteh P, Chaudhary S, Andersen JN, Knudsen J, Wendt OF, Schnadt J. Sonogashira cross-coupling over Au(1 1 1): from UHV to ambient pressure. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:444005. [PMID: 28862150 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa89c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the reaction of phenylacetylene (PA) with chloro-, bromo-, and iodobenzene on the Au(1 1 1) surface as a model system for the gold-catalysed Sonogashira cross-coupling. Both ultrahigh vacuum-based and ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that iodo- and chlorobenzene (IB and CB) undergo the cross-coupling reaction towards diphenylacetylene. Bromobenzene (BB), in contrast, does not react in the UHV experiments. Further, at ambient pressure signs are found for poisoning of the Au(1 1 1) surface by a carbon species formed in the reaction. The understanding obtained in the reaction experiments are based on a thorough investigation of the adsorption of PA, IB, CB, and BB on the Au(1 1 1) surface by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and temperature-dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, the experiments provide the orientation of the intact adsorbates with respect to the surfaces at liquid nitrogen temperature. Dissociation in the temperature regime between -80 and -15 °C is observed for iodo- and chlorobenzene, but not for BB, in agreement with that only IB and CB, but not BB, react with PA to form diphenylacetylene. The difference is tentatively attributed to a difference in surface orientation of the different halobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Chaudhary S, Contag S. The effect of maternal age on fetal and neonatal mortality. J Perinatol 2017; 37:800-804. [PMID: 28358383 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the gestational age at which the risk of fetal or neonatal death associated with delaying delivery by 1 week exceeds the risk of neonatal death associated with immediate delivery, stratified by maternal age intervals. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study of live births, stillbirths and neonatal deaths that occurred in the United States between 2010 and 2013 using birth data. Women were classified into six age categories. Singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies without hypertensive disease or diabetes were included. Relative risks were obtained using a generalized linear model comparing the rate of death associated with immediate delivery to those of expectant management. RESULTS For all age groups with the exception of women 44 years and older, immediate delivery was associated with lower relative risk of death by 39 weeks. For <25, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 to 44, odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were 1.0 (0.32 to 3.10), 0.67 (0.19 to 2.37), 0.80 (0.21 to 2.98), 0.67 (0.19 to 2.36) and 0.45 (0.16 to 1.31), respectively. In women 44 years and older, immediate delivery was associated with a lower relative risk of death by 38 weeks (OR: 0.35, CI: 0.14 to 0.90). CONCLUSION Women greater than 44 years old may benefit from delivery by 38 weeks gestational age to reduce the risk of stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Contag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on the pulse rate, blood pressure and electrocardiogram were studied in forty consecutive physically healthy inpatients undergoing ECT for their psychiatric disabilities. Tachycardia and elevated blood pressure occurred frequently. Sinus arrhythmias, atrial and ventricular premature beats and minor ST-T changes were also observed. All these changes reversed within thirty minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Classified Specialist (Psychiatry). Military Hospital, Meerut 250 001
| | - S S Rajuria
- Senior Adviser (Anaesthesiology), 158 BH, C/O 99 APO
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30
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Paudel MS, Kc S, Mandal AK, Poudyal NS, Shrestha R, Paudel BN, Chaudhary S. Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:211-216. [PMID: 28746317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AUGIB is characterized by hematemesis or melena or both. Peptic ulcers and variceal bleed account for majority of cases. Use of proton pump inhibitors in current era is associated with a gradual reduction in burden of peptic ulcer disease. We conducted this study to look into the cause of AUGIB in our community. METHODS We studied 100 patients in one year period who presented to us with hematemesis or melena. The study was conducted in department of Gastroenterology, Bir hospital, Kathmandu. We identified the culprit lesions by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. RESULTS The average age of patients with AUGIB was 51.6 years with 59 (59%) males. Duodenal ulcers are most common 29 (29%), followed by varices 23 (23%) and gastric ulcers 14 (14%). More than one lesion was identified in 38 (38%) patients. Patients with variceal bleed were more likely to present with hematemesis alone as compared to those with ulcer bleed (P=0.005). Variceal bleed patients presented earlier to the hospital (P=0.005), had lower MAP at presentation (P=0.0002), had lower hemoglobin level (P=0.0001) and higher serum creatinine level at presentation (P=0.001). Patients with variceal bleed were more likely to have consumed alcohol 20 (86.9%) and patients with ulcer bleed were more likely to be smokers 29 (67.4%) or consume tobacco 14 (32.5%) (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Ulcer related bleeding is still the most common cause of AUGIB. Many patients with AUGIB have more than one lesions identified during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Paudel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Kc
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A K Mandal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N S Poudyal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Shrestha
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B N Paudel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Chaudhary
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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31
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Shrestha B, Kc S, Chaudhary S, Basnet BK, Mandal AK, Poudyal NS. Outcome of Endoscopic Variceal Band Ligation. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:198-202. [PMID: 28746314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bleeding from esophageal varices in cirrhosis is an emergent condition with high mortality. One of the preferred modality of treating esophageal varices is EVL. We aimed to find out the outcome of EVL in controlling acute esophageal variceal bleeding, prophylactic banding to prevent future bleeding and the number of sessions required for complete eradication of varices. METHODS This descriptive observational study was carried out in Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit of Bir Hospital, NAMS from June 2016 to May 2017. Consecutive cases who presented in emergency room with acute variceal bleeding due to liver cirrhosis and cases of liver cirrhosis with large varices and red color signs on endoscopic examination were enrolled. They underwent EVL and subsequent re-endoscope at one month interval till the eradication of varices was achieved. RESULTS Among 83 patients, 15 (18.1%) were of Child Pugh class A, 29 (34.9%) B and 39 (47%) were of C. In 20 (24.1%) cases varices could be eradicated in one session of EVL while 57 (68.7%) required two sessions and in 6 (7.2%) cases it took three sessions. Total average EVL session required for obliteration of esophageal varices was 1.84±0.53. There was only one (1.2%) of early re-bleeding post EVL. CONCLUSIONS EVL is an effective modality of treatment in controlling acute esophageal variceal bleeding, in preventing future variceal bleeding as well as in eradicating esophageal varices with very few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shrestha
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Kc
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Chaudhary
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B K Basnet
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A K Mandal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N S Poudyal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Mandal AK, Chaudhary S, Shrestha B, Paudel MS, Poudyal NS, Paudel BN, Bhattarai B, Ray SK, Ray NM. Efficacy of Prophylactic use of Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole in Mild and Moderately Severe Acute Pancreatitis. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:207-210. [PMID: 28746316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are new concepts and developments in the diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis. Current evidence suggests that there is no role of prophylactic antibiotics use in acute pancreatitis. However, it is still a common practice to administer prophylactic antibiotics in a country like Nepal. So, we have conducted a study in mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis to study the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics. METHODS A case control study was conducted among 76 patients comparing efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics versus no antibiotics in patients with mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis. RESULTS The two most common etiology of acute pancreatitis in AG and NAG were alcohol 21 (55.2%) vs. 24 (63.1%) and biliary 10 (26.3%) vs. 4 (10.5%) respectively. Pancreatic necrosis was seen in five (13.1 %) in AG and four (10.5%) in NAG. Four (10.5%) developed extra pancreatic complications in AG and five (13.1%) in NAG. There was one (2.6%) death in AG and no death in NAG. Abdominal pain improvement seen in AG vs. NAG was 3.2 days vs. 2.4 days (P=0.002). The hospital stay was 7.7±2.23 days in AG and 7.5±1.85 days in NAG (P=0.65). CONCLUSIONS The routine use of prophylactic antibiotics for mild and moderately severe acute pancreatitis is not associated with improvement in meaningful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mandal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Chaudhary
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Shrestha
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M S Paudel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N S Poudyal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B N Paudel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Bhattarai
- Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S K Ray
- Sure Medical PC, Elmhurst, NY, USA
| | - N M Ray
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Queens, NY, USA
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Poudyal NS, Chaudhary S, Basnet BK, Paudel BN, Shrestha B, Mandal AK, Paudel MS. Colorectal Cancer in Different Age Groups in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:203-206. [PMID: 28746315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some studies have suggested that colorectal cancer at a younger age had distinct biological characteristics: different clinical presentations, more advanced stage at time of diagnosis and poorly differentiated carcinoma. The aim of the study is to analyze clinical and histopathological differences between younger (≤40 years of age) and older (>40 years of age) colorectal cancer patients. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted amongst the colorectal cancer patients who visited Bir Hospital between July 2015 and April 2017. All colonoscopically diagnosed and histopathologically proven cases of colon cancer were included. Chi-square test and independent t - test was performed to analyze the difference between clinical presentations and histopathological findings among two groups of patients and P value of <0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS Thirty younger patients and thirty older patients were enrolled without any differences in gender proportion. There were no statistical differences between clinical presentation and histological grade and type in younger and older patients. The younger patients had more complaints of altered bowel habit (P <0.001) while older patients mostly presented with per rectal bleeding (P< 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this study, colorectal cancer at younger ages showed similar characteristics to those of older patients except altered bowel habit was more common in younger patients while per rectal bleeding was more common in older patients. Although colorectal cancer incidence increases with age, younger patients with altered bowel habits, weight loss, anemia and anorexia should also be given due medical attention and undergo evaluation promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Poudyal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Chaudhary
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B K Basnet
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B N Paudel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Shrestha
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A K Mandal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M S Paudel
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Fahey R, Gilmore W, Papageorge M, Chang D, Azzouni L, Chaudhary S, Balint A, Ashrafi A, Darwish G, Oreadi D, Viswanath A, English R, Mehtani A, Alharthi K, Vyas H, Decoteau C, Stark P. Evaluation of postoperative oedema and pain following third molar extraction with application of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Yadav P, Chaudhary S, Saxena RK, Talwar S, Yadav S. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal efficacy of Chitosan as endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida Albicans Biofilm formed on tooth substrate. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e361-e367. [PMID: 28298975 PMCID: PMC5347282 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial biofilms formed on the root canal wall are often difficult to remove. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and antibacterial efficacy of chitosan when used as root canal irrigant against E. Faecalis and Candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate. Material and Methods The present study evaluated antibacterial effect of 0.25% Chitosan, 0.5% Chitosan, 2% chlorhexidine and 3% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans. Agar-well diffusion methods, minimal inhibitory concentration tests and biofilm susceptibility assays were used to determine antibacterial activity. Teeth specimens were sectioned to obtain a standardized tooth length of 12mm. Specimens were inoculated with 10 mL of the freshly prepared E. Faecalis suspension and Candida albicans for 4 weeks. The specimens were then instrumented with ProTaper rotary files F3 size. After irrigation with test solution, three sterile paper points were placed into one canal, left for 60 s and transferred to a test tube containing 1 mL of reduced transport fluid. The number of CFU in 1 mL was determined. Results 3-week biofilm qualitative assay showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth with 3% Sodium hypochlorite, 2% Chlorhexidine and Chitosan except saline, which showed presence of bacterial growth. Significant reduction of colony forming units (CFU)/mL was observed for the chitosan groups and the antibacterial activity of the chitosan groups was at par with 3% NaOCl and 2% Chlorhexidine. It was observed that the chitosan showed no cytotoxicity at 3mg/ml and 10% cytotoxicity at 6mg/ml. Conclusions The use of chitosan as a root canal irrigant might be an alternative considering the various undesirable properties of NaOCl and chlorhexidine. Key words:Biofilm, Candida albicans, Chitosan, Cytotoxicity, Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Yadav
- Senior Resident Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra K Saxena
- Professor Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Professor and HOD Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- MDS, Senior resident, Department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Bhatnagar A, Sinha AA, Chaudhary S, Manuja N, Kaur H, Chaitra TR. Accuracy and evaluation of a new regression equation in predicting the width of unerupted permanent canines and premolar teeth. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:31-37. [PMID: 28110423 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the applicability of two regression equations based on mixed dentition analysis and to propose and evaluate a new regression equation using the mandibular incisors and first permanent molars as predictors in calculating the size of unerupted permanent canines and premolar teeth in school children. METHODS Dental study casts of 100 children (50 males and 50 females) aged 11-14 years from schools situated in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India were used. The analysis of Tanaka Johnston, Bernabe Flores-Mir and the proposed equation were tested on the casts. RESULTS The analysis of Tanaka Johnston and Bernabe Flores-Mir tended to overestimate the mesio-distal width of the canines and premolars. The proposed equation also overestimated but the mean difference showed a closer approximation with the actual measured values compared to the other two equations. CONCLUSION Validating studies with a similar population must be conducted to confirm the applicability and precision of the proposed equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhatnagar
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, 244001, India.
| | - A A Sinha
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, 244001, India
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, 244001, India
| | - N Manuja
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, 244001, India
| | - H Kaur
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, 244001, India
| | - T R Chaitra
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, UP, 244001, India
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Bhatnagar A, Chaudhary S, Sinha AA. Evaluation of Three Different Regression Equations Based Mixed Dentition Analysis in Children of Moradabad City, India. Pesqui bras odontopediatria clín integr 2017. [DOI: 10.4034/pboci.2017.171.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chaudhary S, Sah JP. Hypercalcemia due to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:182-185. [PMID: 28598460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a rare metabolic disorder associated with hyperparathyroidism, malignancy and various other causes. Although common in adult malignancies, hypercalcemia is rare in pediatrics and purports poor prognosis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare with no reported hypercalcemic presentation. We present here a case of hypercalcemia in a child of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A 10 year girl presented with backache for 1 month, epistaxis, cough, chest-pain for 1 week alongwith anorexia and weight loss. Investigations revealed anemia and hypercalcemia (23mg/dl; normal range 9-11 mg/dl) with hyperphosphatemia, normal parathyroid levels. Hypercalcemic crisis was managed with saline, furosemide and bisphosphonate. Computed Tomography of paranasal sinuses revealed mass in right nasal cavity. Endoscopic biopsy disclosed undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The child expired despite supportive measures. Thus, hypercalcemia, though rare, may complicate advanced tumors. NPC, being rare in children, requires high index of suspicion with careful clinicoradiological examination and timely management for better chances of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J P Sah
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Thakur S, Thakur K, Sood A, Chaudhary S. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of neonatal septicaemia in a rural tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:67-71. [PMID: 26776121 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is not much published literature on neonatal septicemia available for the Sub-Himalayan region of North India. Hence, we undertook this study to find out the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of neonatal septicemia in the neonatal Intensive Care Unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood cultures were performed for all clinically suspected neonatal septicemia cases for 1-year. Identification of all pathogenic isolates was followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing. RESULTS We did blood cultures for 450 neonates and 42% were culture positive. Early onset sepsis were 92 (49%) and 96 (51%) were late onset sepsis. Gram-positive isolates were 60% and 40% were Gram-negative. Staphylococcus aureus (40%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (16%), non-fermenter group of organisms (NFGOs) (15%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%) were the main isolates. Nasal cannula 101 (54%), birth asphyxia 91 (48%), and prematurity 73 (38%) were the prominent risk factors associated with septicemia. Gram-positive organisms were highly resistant to penicillin (87%) whereas Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to third generation cephalosporins (53-89%) and aminoglycosides (50-67%). The S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant in 41% whereas extended spectrum beta lactamase production was seen in 48% Gram-negative isolates. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the recent emergence of Gram-positive organisms as predominant cause of neonatal septicemia in this part of Sub-Himalayan region, along with the review of literature which shows similar results from North India and rest of the world too. Though Gram-negative bacteria still remain the main cause of mortality in neonatal septicemia, we want to dispel the common notion among practitioners that they are the predominant isolates in neonatal septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. RPGMC, Kangra, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Chinnaratha MA, Chaudhary S, Doogue M, McCormick RJ, Woodman RJ, Wigg AJ. Prevalence of hepatic osteodystrophy and vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis. Intern Med J 2016; 45:1230-5. [PMID: 26247615 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic osteodystrophy (HO) is a major complication of cirrhosis. However, the prevalence of HO in a general cirrhotic patient population is not well defined as previous studies were in single aetiology or pre-liver transplant patients. AIMS The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of HO and vitamin D deficiency in patients with cirrhosis of mixed aetiology and disease severity and to determine the risk factors for HO. METHODS This is a single-centre cross-sectional study of all patients newly diagnosed with cirrhosis between September 2009 and December 2012. All patients underwent bone mineral density assessment using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry within 3 months of diagnosis. Demographic and biochemical factors, severity of underlying liver disease, previous fragility fractures, smoking status and alcohol use were collected on diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for HO. RESULTS Among the 406 patients (67% males), the median (range) age was 56 years (21-85) and most (84%) were Childs-Pugh A or B with a median (range) model for end-stage liver disease score of 11 (5-40). Alcohol (41%) was the most common underlying aetiology. The prevalence of HO and vitamin D deficiency (≤50 nmol/L) was 56% and 54%, respectively, and previous fragility fractures had occurred in 3%. Increasing age (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.49 per 10 years (1.02-2.18), P = 0.04), excessive alcohol intake (2.34 (1.03-5.32), P = 0.04) and lower body mass index (0.92 per kg/m2 (0.87-0.98), P = 0.009) were independent risk factors for HO. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of HO and vitamin D deficiency in patients with cirrhosis at presentation irrespective of disease severity or underlying aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Chinnaratha
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Chaudhary
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Doogue
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Southern Area Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R J McCormick
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R J Woodman
- School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A J Wigg
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Medicine Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Chaudhary S, Mandal D. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Natural Convection in a Rectangular Duct with Internal Heat Source. Chem Ind 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2016.1235470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chaudhary
- Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-94, India
| | - D. Mandal
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-85, India
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Agrawal J, Poudel P, Shah GS, Yadav S, Chaudhary S, Kafle S. Recurrence Risk of Febrile Seizures in Children. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2016; 14:192-196. [PMID: 28327685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying children with febrile seizure who are at risk for recurrence is important so that special attention can be given to them. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures in children. METHODS This prospective hospital based study was conducted from July 2013 to August 2014 'among children of 6 months to 6 years of age at Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal. Children meeting the selection criteria were enrolled in study. Clinical, investigation, treatment and outcome parameters were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 92 children with febrile seizure were enrolled in study. Males accounted for 70% and females 30%. Simple febrile seizure was present in 48% and complex febrile seizures were seen in 52%. Recurrence of seizure was seen in one third of cases. Loss of consciousness was most common post-ictal phenomenon followed by confusion and lethargy. Upper respiratory infection was the most common precipitating factor. Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure was the most common seizure type present in 79% of cases. Significant risk factors for recurrence occurred in males (p=0.088), age less than 1 year (p=0.003). Most of the recurrence occurred within one year of first seizure. CONCLUSIONS Febrile Seizure is common in males. Almost one third of children with febrile seizure are at risk for recurrence. The significant risk factors for recurrences are male gender and age <1year.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - P Poudel
- Department of Pediatrics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - G S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Kafle
- Department of Pediatrics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Pasricha N, Chaudhary S, Siddiqui M, Sehgal G. A CT study to find out prevalence of frontal sinus aplasia. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shrivastava P, Navratna V, Silla Y, Dewangan RP, Pramanik A, Chaudhary S, Rayasam G, Kumar A, Gopal B, Ramachandran S. Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrodipicolinate synthase by alpha-ketopimelic acid and its other structural analogues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30827. [PMID: 27501775 PMCID: PMC4977564 DOI: 10.1038/srep30827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrodipicolinate synthase (Mtb-dapA) is an essential gene. Mtb-DapA catalyzes the aldol condensation between pyruvate and L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (ASA) to yield dihydrodipicolinate. In this work we tested the inhibitory effects of structural analogues of pyruvate on recombinant Mtb-DapA (Mtb-rDapA) using a coupled assay with recombinant dihydrodipicolinate reductase (Mtb-rDapB). Alpha-ketopimelic acid (α-KPA) showed maximum inhibition of 88% and IC50 of 21 μM in the presence of pyruvate (500 μM) and ASA (400 μM). Competition experiments with pyruvate and ASA revealed competition of α-KPA with pyruvate. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) showed that the relative abundance peak of final product, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate, was decreased by 50%. Thermal shift assays showed 1 °C Tm shift of Mtb-rDapA upon binding α-KPA. The 2.4 Å crystal structure of Mtb-rDapA-α-KPA complex showed the interaction of critical residues at the active site with α-KPA. Molecular dynamics simulations over 500 ns of pyruvate docked to Mtb-DapA and of α-KPA-bound Mtb-rDapA revealed formation of hydrogen bonds with pyruvate throughout in contrast to α-KPA. Molecular descriptors analysis showed that ligands with polar surface area of 91.7 Å(2) are likely inhibitors. In summary, α-hydroxypimelic acid and other analogues could be explored further as inhibitors of Mtb-DapA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shrivastava
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vikas Navratna
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yumnam Silla
- Biotechnology Group (BIF center), Biological Science & Technology Division (BSTD), CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Rikeshwer P. Dewangan
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sarika Chaudhary
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - GeethaVani Rayasam
- Open Source Drug Discovery Unit (OSDD), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- Open Source Drug Discovery Unit (OSDD), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | | | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- Functional Genomics Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi 110025, India
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Patkar N, Joshi S, Chaudhary S, Mascerhenas R, Doshi H, Tembhare P, Gujral S, Subramanian PG. Development of a cost-effective 'duplexed' real-time PCR assay for minimal residual disease monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia using locked nucleic acid probes. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 38:e102-e106. [PMID: 27461906 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Patkar
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - S Joshi
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - S Chaudhary
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - R Mascerhenas
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - H Doshi
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - P Tembhare
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - S Gujral
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - P G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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Chaudhary S, Singh RR, Shah GS, Agrawal J, Kafle S, Shah L. Outcome of Twin Deliveries at a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2016; 14:128-131. [PMID: 27885296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twins, compared to singletons, have higher perinatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe the twinning rate, epidemiological variables and hospital outcome of twin deliveries and to find out ways of better management of twins in our part. METHODS A retrospective evaluation of the outcome of 92 twin pregnancies during one year study period (1st January 2014 to 31st December 2014) was conducted at BPKIHS. Twins delivered within the institution were included but cases less than 28 weeks gestation were excluded. Maternal and neonatal data were retrieved and analysed. RESULTS The twinning rate was 9.2/1000 (92/10,031). The mean birth weight was 1636.30 ±339.21 grams and mean gestational age 34.31±2.67 weeks(28 - 40 weeks). One hundred eighty-two babies (98.9%) were low birth weight (LBW) while 32.1% were small for gestational age (SGA). There was mild, moderate and severe growth discordance in 63 (68.5%)22 (23.9%)and 7 (7.6%) respectively. Three (3.26%) of 92 pairs had twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The hospital mortality rate was 10.87% (20/184) and 69 (37.5%) babies had complications. The clinical causes of death were hyaline membrane disease in 7 (3.3%), severe birth asphyxia in 5 (2.7%), congenital malformations in 3(1.6%) and sepsis in 3 (1.6%) babies. CONCLUSIONS Twin deliveries are common in this hospital and have poor hospital outcome with more complications and mortality. Hence there is a need for further studies with long term follow-ups to plan for better management of twins in our part.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - R R Singh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - G S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Kafle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - L Shah
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Chaudhary S, Madhukrishna B, Adhya AK, Keshari S, Mishra SK. Overexpression of caspase 7 is ERα dependent to affect proliferation and cell growth in breast cancer cells by targeting p21(Cip). Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e219. [PMID: 27089142 PMCID: PMC4848833 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase 7 (CASP7) expression has important function during cell cycle progression and cell growth in certain cancer cells and is also involved in the development and differentiation of dental tissues. However, the function of CASP7 in breast cancer cells is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CASP7 in breast carcinoma patients and determine the role of CASP7 in regulating tumorigenicity in breast cancer cells. In this study, we show that the CASP7 expression is high in breast carcinoma tissues compared with normal counterpart. The ectopic expression of CASP7 is significantly associated with ERα expression status and persistently elevated in different stages of the breast tumor grades. High level of CASP7 expression showed better prognosis in breast cancer patients with systemic endocrine therapy as observed from Kaplan–Meier analysis. S3 and S4, estrogen responsive element (ERE) in the CASP7 promoter, is important for estrogen-ERα-mediated CASP7 overexpression. Increased recruitment of p300, acetylated H3 and pol II in the ERE region of CASP7 promoter is observed after hormone stimulation. Ectopic expression of CASP7 in breast cancer cells results in cell growth and proliferation inhibition via p21Cip reduction, whereas small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated reduction of CASP7 rescued p21Cip levels. We also show that pro- and active forms of CASP7 is located in the nucleus apart from cytoplasmic region of breast cancer cells. The proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells is significantly reduced by broad-spectrum peptide inhibitors and siRNA of CASP7. Taken together, our findings show that CASP7 is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer and contributes to cell growth and proliferation by downregulating p21Cip protein, suggesting that targeting CASP7-positive breast cancer could be one of the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - B Madhukrishna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - A K Adhya
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT Rd, Chandaka Industrial Estate, Patia, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - S Keshari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Gene Function and Regulation group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Chaudhary S, Singh S, Chaudhary S. NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STAGNATION POINT FLOW TOWARDS A STRETCHING OR SHRINKING SURFACE IN A SATURATED POROUS MEDIUM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.12732/ijpam.v106i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lindemann WR, Philiph RL, Chan DWW, Ayers CT, Perez EM, Beckman SP, Strzalka J, Chaudhary S, Vaknin D. Oriented polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) films by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition: a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29335-9. [PMID: 26473177 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Langmuir-Blodgett films of polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene - P(VDF-TrFE)-copolymers possess substantially improved electrocaloric and pyroelectric properties, when compared with conventionally spin-cast films. In order to rationalize this, we prepared single-layered films of P(VDF-TrFE) (70 : 30) using both deposition techniques. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), reveals that Langmuir-Blodgett deposited films have a higher concentration of the ferroelectric β-phase crystals, and that these films are highly oriented with respect to the substrate. Based on these observations, we suggest alternative means of deposition, which may substantially enhance the electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE) films. This development has significant implications for the potential use of P(VDF-TrFE) in solid-state refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Lindemann
- Department of Materials Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA and Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - R L Philiph
- Department of Materials Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA and Department Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - D W W Chan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - C T Ayers
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - E M Perez
- Department of Materials Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S P Beckman
- Department of Materials Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA and School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - J Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - S Chaudhary
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - D Vaknin
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Padda P, Gupta V, Devgan S, Chaudhary S, Singh G. Treatment outcome of TB patients in a district of north India: a three year study. Nepal J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/nje.v5i1.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB), still remains a public health problem of great concern. It was estimated that 8.6 million people developed TB and 1.3 million died from it. India has the highest TB burden in the world. DOTS ensures high cure. Therefore the present study was planned to assess the outcome of DOTS treatment among pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB patients reporting at DOTS centers of the district Materials and methods: A record based study using the routine program data of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme was conducted in one of twenty two districts of state of Punjab, situated in northern India. Records of all the patients registered from 1st January 2011 till 31st December 2013 were analysed using descriptive statistics. The differences between proportions were compared using tests of significance. Results: A total of 2571 new cases of Tuberculosis were registered during the study period of three years, out of which 44.8%, 22.9% and 32.3% were diagnosed to be new smear positive, smear negative and suffering from Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and a total of 369 retreatment cases were registered. Cure rates were highest among patients suffering from EPTB when compared to those of smear positive and smear negative. The proportion of defaulters among smear positive failures was highest, followed by smear positive after default and lowest in smear positive relapses. Conclusion Cure rates were higher among EPTB cases whereas default rate was more among patients suffering from pulmonary TB. Therefore higher level of motivation of cases by health and non-health personnel is required as untreated or under treated pulmonary TB cases are responsible for transmission of the disease in the community. Default rates could be decreased by concrete efforts in the form of strict supervision and monitoring. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i1.12376
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