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Wang F, Maksyutov S, Janardanan R, Tsuruta A, Ito A, Morino I, Yoshida Y, Tohjima Y, Kaiser JW, Lan X, Zhang Y, Mammarella I, Lavric JV, Matsunaga T. Atmospheric observations suggest methane emissions in north-eastern China growing with natural gas use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18587. [PMID: 36396723 PMCID: PMC9672054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic increase of natural gas use in China, as a substitute for coal, helps to reduce CO2 emissions and air pollution, but the climate mitigation benefit can be offset by methane leakage into the atmosphere. We estimate methane emissions from 2010 to 2018 in four regions of China using the GOSAT satellite data and in-situ observations with a high-resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) inverse model and analyze interannual changes of emissions by source sectors. We find that estimated methane emission over the north-eastern China region contributes the largest part (0.77 Tg CH4 yr-1) of the methane emission growth rate of China (0.87 Tg CH4 yr-1) and is largely attributable to the growth in natural gas use. The results provide evidence of a detectable impact on atmospheric methane observations by the increasing natural gas use in China and call for methane emission reductions throughout the gas supply chain and promotion of low emission end-use facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenjuan Wang
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rajesh Janardanan
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aki Tsuruta
- grid.8657.c0000 0001 2253 8678Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akihiko Ito
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isamu Morino
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukio Yoshida
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tohjima
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Johannes W. Kaiser
- grid.38275.3b0000 0001 2321 7956Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Xin Lan
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.3532.70000 0001 1266 2261Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- grid.8658.30000 0001 2234 550XMeteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jost V. Lavric
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,Present Address: Acoem Australasia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tsuneo Matsunaga
- grid.140139.e0000 0001 0746 5933National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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2
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Halder S, Tiwari YK, Valsala V, Sijikumar S, Janardanan R, Maksyutov S. Benefits of satellite XCO 2 and newly proposed atmospheric CO 2 observation network over India in constraining regional CO 2 fluxes. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:151508. [PMID: 34762957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Top-down modeling estimates are among the most reliable information available on the CO2 fluxes of the earth system. The inadequate coverage of CO2 observing stations over the tropical regions adds a limitation to this estimate, especially when the satellite XCO2 is strictly screened for cloud contamination, aerosol, dust, etc. In this study, we investigated the potential benefit of a global ground-based observing station network, 17 newly proposed stations over India, and global satellite XCO2 in reducing the uncertainty of terrestrial biospheric fluxes of Tropical Asia-Eurasia in TransCom cyclo-stationary inversion. The data from selected 80 global ground-based CO2 observation stations, together with two additional stations from India (i.e., Cape Rama and Sinhagad) and satellite XCO2, helps to reduce the temperate Eurasian terrestrial flux uncertainty by 23.8%, 26.4%, and 36.2%, respectively. This further improved to 54.7% by adding the newly proposed stations over India into the inversion. By separating the Indian sub-continent from temperate Eurasia (as inspired by the heterogeneity in the terrestrial ecosystems, prevailing meteorological conditions, and the orography of this vast region), the inversion evinces the capacity of existing CO2 observations to reduce the Indian terrestrial flux uncertainty by 20.5%. The largest benefit (70% reduction of annual mean uncertainty) for estimating Indian terrestrial fluxes could be achieved by combining these global observations with data from the newly proposed stations over India. The existing two stations from India suggest Temperate Eurasia as a mild source of CO2 (0.33 ± 0.57 Pg C yr-1), albeit with prominent anthropogenic influences visible in these two stations during the dry seasons. This implies that the proposed new stations should be cautiously placed to avoid such effects. The study also finds that the newly proposed stations over India also have an impact in constraining nearby oceanic CO2 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Halder
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India; Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Yogesh K Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India; Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Vinu Valsala
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India; Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - S Sijikumar
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rajesh Janardanan
- Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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3
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Stavert AR, Saunois M, Canadell JG, Poulter B, Jackson RB, Regnier P, Lauerwald R, Raymond PA, Allen GH, Patra PK, Bergamaschi P, Bousquet P, Chandra N, Ciais P, Gustafson A, Ishizawa M, Ito A, Kleinen T, Maksyutov S, McNorton J, Melton JR, Müller J, Niwa Y, Peng S, Riley WJ, Segers A, Tian H, Tsuruta A, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Zheng B, Zhuang Q. Regional trends and drivers of the global methane budget. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:182-200. [PMID: 34553464 PMCID: PMC9298116 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH4 ) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000-2017. Here, we decompose the global budget into 19 regions (18 land and 1 oceanic) and five key source sectors to spatially attribute the observed global trends. A comparison of top-down (TD) (atmospheric and transport model-based) and bottom-up (BU) (inventory- and process model-based) CH4 emission estimates demonstrates robust temporal trends with CH4 emissions increasing in 16 of the 19 regions. Five regions-China, Southeast Asia, USA, South Asia, and Brazil-account for >40% of the global total emissions (their anthropogenic and natural sources together totaling >270 Tg CH4 yr-1 in 2008-2017). Two of these regions, China and South Asia, emit predominantly anthropogenic emissions (>75%) and together emit more than 25% of global anthropogenic emissions. China and the Middle East show the largest increases in total emission rates over the 2000 to 2017 period with regional emissions increasing by >20%. In contrast, Europe and Korea and Japan show a steady decline in CH4 emission rates, with total emissions decreasing by ~10% between 2000 and 2017. Coal mining, waste (predominantly solid waste disposal) and livestock (especially enteric fermentation) are dominant drivers of observed emissions increases while declines appear driven by a combination of waste and fossil emission reductions. As such, together these sectors present the greatest risks of further increasing the atmospheric CH4 burden and the greatest opportunities for greenhouse gas abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R. Stavert
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereAspendaleVictoriaAustralia
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Josep G. Canadell
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereAspendaleVictoriaAustralia
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterBiospheric Science LaboratoryGreenbeltMarylandUSA
| | - Robert B. Jackson
- Department of Earth System ScienceWoods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for EnergyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society ‐ BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society ‐ BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Université Paris‐SaclayINRAEAgroParisTechUMR ECOSYSThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Peter A. Raymond
- Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - George H. Allen
- Department of GeographyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Prabir K. Patra
- Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTECYokohamaJapan
- Center for Environmental Remote SensingChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | | | - Phillipe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Naveen Chandra
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Adrian Gustafson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Misa Ishizawa
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | | | - Shamil Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Joe McNorton
- Research DepartmentEuropean Centre for Medium‐Range Weather ForecastsReadingUK
| | - Joe R. Melton
- Climate Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jurek Müller
- Climate and Environmental PhysicsPhysics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Yosuke Niwa
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Shushi Peng
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - William J. Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arjo Segers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change ResearchSchool of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Aki Tsuruta
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Yi Yin
- Division of Geophysical and Planetary ScienceCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Bo Zheng
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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4
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Umezawa T, Matsueda H, Oda T, Higuchi K, Sawa Y, Machida T, Niwa Y, Maksyutov S. Statistical characterization of urban CO 2 emission signals observed by commercial airliner measurements. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7963. [PMID: 32409693 PMCID: PMC7224273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities are responsible for the largest anthropogenic CO2 emissions and are key to effective emission reduction strategies. Urban CO2 emissions estimated from vertical atmospheric measurements can contribute to an independent quantification of the reporting of national emissions and will thus have political implications. We analyzed vertical atmospheric CO2 mole fraction data obtained onboard commercial aircraft in proximity to 36 airports worldwide, as part of the Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliners (CONTRAIL) program. At many airports, we observed significant flight-to-flight variations of CO2 enhancements downwind of neighboring cities, providing advective fingerprints of city CO2 emissions. Observed CO2 variability increased with decreasing altitude, the magnitude of which varied from city to city. We found that the magnitude of CO2 variability near the ground (~1 km altitude) at an airport was correlated with the intensity of CO2 emissions from a nearby city. Our study has demonstrated the usefulness of commercial aircraft data for city-scale anthropogenic CO2 emission studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Umezawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | - Tomohiro Oda
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Kaz Higuchi
- Faculty of Environmental Studies and Graduate Program in Geography, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yousuke Sawa
- Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Niwa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
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5
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Oda T, Maksyutov S, Andres RJ. The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (CO 2), version 2016 (ODIAC2016): A global, monthly fossil-fuel CO 2 gridded emission data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions. Earth Syst Sci Data 2018; 10:87-107. [PMID: 31662803 PMCID: PMC6818511 DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-87-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) is a global high-spatial resolution gridded emission data product that distributes carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion. The emission spatial distributions are estimated at a 1×1 km spatial resolution over land using power plant profiles (emission intensity and geographical location) and satellite-observed nighttime lights. This paper describes the year 2016 version of the ODIAC emission data product (ODIAC2016) and presents analyses that help guiding data users, especially for atmospheric CO2 tracer transport simulations and flux inversion analysis. Since the original publication in 2011, we have made modifications to our emission modeling framework in order to deliver a comprehensive global gridded emission data product. Major changes from the 2011 publication are 1) the use of emissions estimates made by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by fuel type (solid, liquid, gas, cement manufacturing, gas flaring and international aviation and marine bunkers), 2) the use of multiple spatial emission proxies by fuel type such as nightlight data specific to gas flaring and ship/aircraft fleet tracks and 3) the inclusion of emission temporal variations. Using global fuel consumption data, we extrapolated the CDIAC emissions estimates for the recent years and produced the ODIAC2016 emission data product that covers 2000-2015. Our emission data can be viewed as an extended version of CDIAC gridded emission data product, which should allow data users to impose global fossil fuel emissions in more comprehensive manner than original CDIAC product. Our new emission modeling framework allows us to produce future versions of ODIAC emission data product with a timely update. Such capability has become more significant given the CDIAC/ORNL's shutdown. ODIAC data product could play an important role to support carbon cycle science, especially modeling studies with space-based CO2 data collected near real time by ongoing carbon observing missions such as Japanese Greenhouse Observing SATellite (GOSAT), NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) and upcoming future missions. The ODIAC emission data product including the latest version of the ODIAC emission data (ODIAC2017, 2000-2016), is distributed from http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/ with a DOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Oda
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Robert J Andres
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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6
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Shirai T, Ishizawa M, Zhuravlev R, Ganshin A, Belikov D, Saito M, Oda T, Valsala V, Gomez-Pelaez AJ, Langenfelds R, Maksyutov S. A decadal inversion of CO 2 using the Global Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA): sensitivity to the ground-based observation network. Tellus B Chem Phys Meteorol 2017; 69:1291158. [PMID: 32848290 PMCID: PMC7447134 DOI: 10.1080/16000889.2017.1291158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an assimilation system for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) using a Global Eulerian-Lagrangian Coupled Atmospheric model (GELCA), and demonstrate its capability to capture the observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios and to estimate CO2 fluxes. With the efficient data handling scheme in GELCA, our system assimilates non-smoothed CO2 data from observational data products such as the Observation Package (ObsPack) data products as constraints on surface fluxes. We conducted sensitivity tests to examine the impact of the site selections and the prior uncertainty settings of observation on the inversion results. For these sensitivity tests, we made five different site/data selections from the ObsPack product. In all cases, the time series of the global net CO2 flux to the atmosphere stayed close to values calculated from the growth rate of the observed global mean atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio. At regional scales, estimated seasonal CO2 fluxes were altered, depending on the CO2 data selected for assimilation. Uncertainty reductions (URs) were determined at the regional scale and compared among cases. As measures of the model-data mismatch, we used the model-data bias, root-mean-square error, and the linear correlation. For most observation sites, the model-data mismatch was reasonably small. Regarding regional flux estimates, tropical Asia was one of the regions that showed a significant impact from the observation network settings. We found that the surface fluxes in tropical Asia were the most sensitive to the use of aircraft measurements over the Pacific, and the seasonal cycle agreed better with the results of bottom-up studies when the aircraft measurements were assimilated. These results confirm the importance of these aircraft observations, especially for constraining surface fluxes in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shirai
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ishizawa
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R Zhuravlev
- Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Ganshin
- Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D Belikov
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Oda
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA / Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - V Valsala
- Indian Institute for Tropical Meteorology
| | - A J Gomez-Pelaez
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain, Izaña, Spain
| | - R Langenfelds
- Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Aspendale, Australia
| | - S Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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7
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Abstract
The Amazon is a significant source of atmospheric methane, but little is known about the source response to increasing drought severity and frequency. We investigated satellite observations of atmospheric column-averaged methane for the 2010 drought and subsequent 2011 wet year in the Amazon using an atmospheric inversion scheme. Our analysis indicates an increase in atmospheric methane over the southern Amazon region during the drought, representing an increase in annual emissions relative to the wet year. We attribute the increase to emissions from biomass burning driven by intense drought, combined with carbon monoxide showing seasonal variations corresponding to methane variations. We show that there is probably a strong correspondence between drought and methane emissions in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Heon-Sook Kim
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yokota
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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8
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Thompson RL, Patra PK, Chevallier F, Maksyutov S, Law RM, Ziehn T, van der Laan-Luijkx IT, Peters W, Ganshin A, Zhuravlev R, Maki T, Nakamura T, Shirai T, Ishizawa M, Saeki T, Machida T, Poulter B, Canadell JG, Ciais P. Top-down assessment of the Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10724. [PMID: 26911442 PMCID: PMC4773423 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal driver of anthropogenic climate change. Asia is an important region for the global carbon budget, with 4 of the world's 10 largest national emitters of CO2. Using an ensemble of seven atmospheric inverse systems, we estimated land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) based on atmospheric observations of CO2 concentration. The Asian land biosphere was a net sink of −0.46 (−0.70–0.24) PgC per year (median and range) for 1996–2012 and was mostly located in East Asia, while in South and Southeast Asia the land biosphere was close to carbon neutral. In East Asia, the annual CO2 sink increased between 1996–2001 and 2008–2012 by 0.56 (0.30–0.81) PgC, accounting for ∼35% of the increase in the global land biosphere sink. Uncertainty in the fossil fuel emissions contributes significantly (32%) to the uncertainty in land biosphere sink change. Land biosphere uptake of carbon is important in mitigating the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 and its climate forcing. Here, the authors show that land biosphere uptake of carbon in Asia has increased substantially since the mid 1990s, likely owing to reforestation and regional climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Thompson
- Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - P K Patra
- Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - F Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement (LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Maksyutov
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - R M Law
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 3195 Aspendale, Australia
| | - T Ziehn
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 3195 Aspendale, Australia
| | - I T van der Laan-Luijkx
- Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University (WU), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Peters
- Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University (WU), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, Centre for Isotope Research, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Ganshin
- Department of Upper Atmospheric Layers Physics, Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Moscow 141700, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University (TSU), 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - R Zhuravlev
- Department of Upper Atmospheric Layers Physics, Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Moscow 141700, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University (TSU), 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Atmospheric Physics and Microwave Diagnostics, Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - T Maki
- Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Global Environment and Marine Department, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan
| | - T Shirai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - M Ishizawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - T Saeki
- Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - T Machida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - B Poulter
- Institute on Ecosystems and Department of Ecology, Montana State University (MSU), 59717 Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - J G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement (LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Houweling S, Badawy B, Baker DF, Basu S, Belikov D, Bergamaschi P, Bousquet P, Broquet G, Butler T, Canadell JG, Chen J, Chevallier F, Ciais P, Collatz GJ, Denning S, Engelen R, Enting IG, Fischer ML, Fraser A, Gerbig C, Gloor M, Jacobson AR, Jones DBA, Heimann M, Khalil A, Kaminski T, Kasibhatla PS, Krakauer NY, Krol M, Maki T, Maksyutov S, Manning A, Meesters A, Miller JB, Palmer PI, Patra P, Peters W, Peylin P, Poussi Z, Prather MJ, Randerson JT, Röckmann T, Rödenbeck C, Sarmiento JL, Schimel DS, Scholze M, Schuh A, Suntharalingam P, Takahashi T, Turnbull J, Yurganov L, Vermeulen A. Iconic CO
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Time Series at Risk. Science 2012; 337:1038-40. [DOI: 10.1126/science.337.6098.1038-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Houweling
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 3584 CA, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bakr Badawy
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - David F. Baker
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523–1375, USA
| | - Sourish Basu
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 3584 CA, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Belikov
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | | | - Philippe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte CEA, UVSQ, CNRS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregoire Broquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte CEA, UVSQ, CNRS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tim Butler
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Josep G. Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jing Chen
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Frederic Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte CEA, UVSQ, CNRS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte CEA, UVSQ, CNRS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Scott Denning
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523–1375, USA
| | - Richard Engelen
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading, RG2 9AX, UK
| | - Ian G. Enting
- ARC Centre of Excellence in the Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc L. Fischer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel Gloor
- Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew R. Jacobson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | | | - Martin Heimann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Aslam Khalil
- Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | | | | | - Nir Y. Krakauer
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maarten Krol
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 3584 CA, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Takashi Maki
- Environmental and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorol ogical Research Institute, Tskuba, Japan
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Andrew Manning
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - John B. Miller
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | | | - Prabir Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan
| | - Wouter Peters
- Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Peylin
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte CEA, UVSQ, CNRS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Schuh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523–1375, USA
| | | | - Taro Takahashi
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964–8000, USA
| | | | - Leonid Yurganov
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Alex Vermeulen
- Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland, 1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands
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Oshchepkov S, Bril A, Yokota T, Morino I, Yoshida Y, Matsunaga T, Belikov D, Wunch D, Wennberg P, Toon G, O'Dell C, Butz A, Guerlet S, Cogan A, Boesch H, Eguchi N, Deutscher N, Griffith D, Macatangay R, Notholt J, Sussmann R, Rettinger M, Sherlock V, Robinson J, Kyrö E, Heikkinen P, Feist DG, Nagahama T, Kadygrov N, Maksyutov S, Uchino O, Watanabe H. Effects of atmospheric light scattering on spectroscopic observations of greenhouse gases from space: Validation of PPDF-based CO2retrievals from GOSAT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Basu S, Houweling S, Peters W, Sweeney C, Machida T, Maksyutov S, Patra PK, Saito R, Chevallier F, Niwa Y, Matsueda H, Sawa Y. The seasonal cycle amplitude of total column CO2: Factors behind the model-observation mismatch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Oshchepkov S, Bril A, Maksyutov S, Yokota T. Detection of optical path in spectroscopic space-based observations of greenhouse gases: Application to GOSAT data processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Terao Y, Mukai H, Nojiri Y, Machida T, Tohjima Y, Saeki T, Maksyutov S. Interannual variability and trends in atmospheric methane over the western Pacific from 1994 to 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Pickett-Heaps CA, Rayner PJ, Law RM, Ciais P, Patra PK, Bousquet P, Peylin P, Maksyutov S, Marshall J, Rödenbeck C, Langenfelds RL, Steele LP, Francey RJ, Tans P, Sweeney C. Atmospheric CO2inversion validation using vertical profile measurements: Analysis of four independent inversion models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Oda T, Maksyutov S, Elvidge CD. Disaggregation of national fossil fuel CO2 emissions using a global power plant database and DMSP nightlight data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.7125/apan.30.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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16
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Valsala V, Maksyutov S, Murtugudde R. Possible interannual to interdecadal variabilities of the Indonesian throughflow water pathways in the Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinu Valsala
- GOSAT, Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- GOSAT, Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
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17
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Eguchi N, Saito R, Saeki T, Nakatsuka Y, Belikov D, Maksyutov S. A priori covariance estimation for CO2and CH4retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Kadygrov N, Maksyutov S, Eguchi N, Aoki T, Nakazawa T, Yokota T, Inoue G. Role of simulated GOSAT total column CO2observations in surface CO2flux uncertainty reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Worthy DEJ, Chan E, Ishizawa M, Chan D, Poss C, Dlugokencky EJ, Maksyutov S, Levin I. Decreasing anthropogenic methane emissions in Europe and Siberia inferred from continuous carbon dioxide and methane observations at Alert, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Chan D, Ishizawa M, Higuchi K, Maksyutov S, Chen J. Seasonal CO2rectifier effect and large-scale extratropical atmospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Peregon A, Maksyutov S, Kosykh NP, Mironycheva-Tokareva NP. Map-based inventory of wetland biomass and net primary production in western Siberia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Peregon
- Center for Global Environmental Research; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Onogawa, Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shamil Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental Research; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Onogawa, Tsukuba Japan
| | - Natalya P. Kosykh
- Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry SB RAS; Novosibirsk Russia
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22
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Patra PK, Maksyutov S, Sasano Y, Nakajima H, Inoue G, Nakazawa T. An evaluation of CO2observations with Solar Occultation FTS for Inclined-Orbit Satellite sensor for surface source inversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gen Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Takakiyo Nakazawa
- Center for Atmospheric Oceanic Studies; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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Gurney KR, Law RM, Denning AS, Rayner PJ, Baker D, Bousquet P, Bruhwiler L, Chen YH, Ciais P, Fan S, Fung IY, Gloor M, Heimann M, Higuchi K, John J, Maki T, Maksyutov S, Masarie K, Peylin P, Prather M, Pak BC, Randerson J, Sarmiento J, Taguchi S, Takahashi T, Yuen CW. Towards robust regional estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 2002; 415:626-30. [PMID: 11832942 DOI: 10.1038/415626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 960] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Information about regional carbon sources and sinks can be derived from variations in observed atmospheric CO2 concentrations via inverse modelling with atmospheric tracer transport models. A consensus has not yet been reached regarding the size and distribution of regional carbon fluxes obtained using this approach, partly owing to the use of several different atmospheric transport models. Here we report estimates of surface-atmosphere CO2 fluxes from an intercomparison of atmospheric CO2 inversion models (the TransCom 3 project), which includes 16 transport models and model variants. We find an uptake of CO2 in the southern extratropical ocean less than that estimated from ocean measurements, a result that is not sensitive to transport models or methodological approaches. We also find a northern land carbon sink that is distributed relatively evenly among the continents of the Northern Hemisphere, but these results show some sensitivity to transport differences among models, especially in how they respond to seasonal terrestrial exchange of CO2. Overall, carbon fluxes integrated over latitudinal zones are strongly constrained by observations in the middle to high latitudes. Further significant constraints to our understanding of regional carbon fluxes will therefore require improvements in transport models and expansion of the CO2 observation network within the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Robert Gurney
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Tohjima Y, Mukai H, Maksyutov S, Takahashi Y, Machida T, Katsumoto M, Fujinuma Y. Variations in atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at Hateruma monitoring station. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Tohjima Y, Wakita H, Maksyutov S, Machida T, Inoue G, Vinnichenko N, Khattatov V. Distribution of tropospheric methane over Siberia in July 1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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