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Rubio-Pérez L, Lázaro-Gorines R, Harwood SL, Compte M, Navarro R, Tapia-Galisteo A, Bonet J, Blanco B, Lykkemark S, Ramírez-Fernández Á, Ferreras-Gutiérrez M, Domínguez-Alonso C, Díez-Alonso L, Segura-Tudela A, Hangiu O, Erce-Llamazares A, Blanco FJ, Santos C, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. A PD-L1/EGFR bispecific antibody combines immune checkpoint blockade and direct anti-cancer action for an enhanced anti-tumor response. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2205336. [PMID: 37114242 PMCID: PMC10128431 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2205336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with antibodies has shown durable clinical responses in a wide range of cancer types, but the overall response rate is still limited. Other effective therapeutic modalities to increase the ICB response rates are urgently needed. New bispecific antibody (bsAb) formats combining the ICB effect and a direct action on cancer cells could improve the efficacy of current immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of a PD-L1/EGFR symmetric bsAb by fusing a dual-targeting tandem trimmer body with the human IgG1 hinge and Fc regions. The bsAb was characterized in vitro and the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in humanized mice bearing xenografts of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer and lung cancer. The IgG-like hexavalent bsAb, designated IgTT-1E, was able to simultaneously bind both EGFR and PD-L1 antigens, inhibit EGF-mediated proliferation, effectively block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and induce strong antigen-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity in vitro. Potent therapeutic efficacies of IgTT-1E in two different humanized mouse models were observed, where tumor growth control was associated with a significantly increased proportion of CD8+ T cells. These results support the development of IgTT-1E for the treatment of EGFR+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubio-Pérez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lázaro-Gorines
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Seandean L. Harwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Navarro
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belén Blanco
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ángel Ramírez-Fernández
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Díez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Segura-Tudela
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Hangiu
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Erce-Llamazares
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, QUBE Technology Park, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cruz Santos
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Rodríguez-Peralto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Cutaneous Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Madrid, Spain
- CONTACT Luis Álvarez-Vallina Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. Cordoba s/n, Madrid28041, Spain
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2
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Blanco B, Ramírez-Fernández Á, Bueno C, Argemí-Muntadas L, Fuentes P, Aguilar-Sopeña Ó, Gutierrez-Agüera F, Zanetti SR, Tapia-Galisteo A, Díez-Alonso L, Segura-Tudela A, Castellà M, Marzal B, Betriu S, Harwood SL, Compte M, Lykkemark S, Erce-Llamazares A, Rubio-Pérez L, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Domínguez-Alonso C, Neves M, Morales P, Paz-Artal E, Guedan S, Sanz L, Toribio ML, Roda-Navarro P, Juan M, Menéndez P, Álvarez-Vallina L. Overcoming CAR-Mediated CD19 Downmodulation and Leukemia Relapse with T Lymphocytes Secreting Anti-CD19 T-cell Engagers. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:498-511. [PMID: 35362043 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have revolutionized the treatment of CD19-positive hematologic malignancies. Although anti-CD19 CAR-engineered autologous T cells can induce remission in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a large subset relapse, most of them with CD19-positive disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are clearly needed. Here, we report a comprehensive study comparing engineered T cells either expressing a second-generation anti-CD19 CAR (CAR-T19) or secreting a CD19/CD3-targeting bispecific T-cell engager antibody (STAb-T19). We found that STAb-T19 cells are more effective than CAR-T19 cells at inducing cytotoxicity, avoiding leukemia escape in vitro, and preventing relapse in vivo. We observed that leukemia escape in vitro is associated with rapid and drastic CAR-induced internalization of CD19 that is coupled with lysosome-mediated degradation, leading to the emergence of transiently CD19-negative leukemic cells that evade the immune response of engineered CAR-T19 cells. In contrast, engineered STAb-T19 cells induce the formation of canonical immunologic synapses and prevent the CD19 downmodulation observed in anti-CD19 CAR-mediated interactions. Although both strategies show similar efficacy in short-term mouse models, there is a significant difference in a long-term patient-derived xenograft mouse model, where STAb-T19 cells efficiently eradicated leukemia cells, but leukemia relapsed after CAR-T19 therapy. Our findings suggest that the absence of CD19 downmodulation in the STAb-T19 strategy, coupled with the continued antibody secretion, allows an efficient recruitment of the endogenous T-cell pool, resulting in fast and effective elimination of cancer cells that may prevent CD19-positive relapses frequently associated with CAR-T19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Blanco
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez-Fernández
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Argemí-Muntadas
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patricia Fuentes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Aguilar-Sopeña
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutierrez-Agüera
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Díez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Segura-Tudela
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Castellà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Marzal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Betriu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seandean L Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ainhoa Erce-Llamazares
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rubio-Pérez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Chair for Immunology UFV/Merck, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Neves
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Morales
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Plataforma Immunoteràpia Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain.,Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Mandrup OA, Ong SC, Lykkemark S, Dinesen A, Rudnik-Jansen I, Dagnæs-Hansen NF, Andersen JT, Alvarez-Vallina L, Howard KA. Programmable half-life and anti-tumour effects of bispecific T-cell engager-albumin fusions with tuned FcRn affinity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:310. [PMID: 33686177 PMCID: PMC7940400 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc-less bispecific T-cell engagers have reached the immuno-oncology market but necessitate continual infusion due to rapid clearance from the circulation. This work introduces a programmable serum half-life extension platform based on fusion of human albumin sequences engineered with either null (NB), wild type (WT) or high binding (HB) FcRn affinity combined with a bispecific T-cell engager. We demonstrate in a humanised FcRn/albumin double transgenic mouse model (AlbuMus) the ability to tune half-life based on the albumin sequence fused with a BiTE-like bispecific (anti-EGFR nanobody x anti-CD3 scFv) light T-cell engager (LiTE) construct [(t½ 0.6 h (Fc-less LiTE), t½ 19 hours (Albu-LiTE-NB), t½ 26 hours (Albu-LiTE-WT), t½ 37 hours (Albu-LiTE-HB)]. We show in vitro cognate target engagement, T-cell activation and discrimination in cellular cytotoxicity dependent on EGFR expression levels. Furthermore, greater growth inhibition of EGFR-positive BRAF mutated tumours was measured following a single dose of Albu-LiTE-HB construct compared to the Fc-less LiTE format and a full-length anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody in a new AlbuMus RAG1 knockout model introduced in this work. Programmable half-life extension facilitated by this albumin platform potentially offers long-lasting effects, better patient compliance and a method to tailor pharmacokinetics to maximise therapeutic efficacy and safety of immuno-oncology targeted biologics.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- CHO Cells
- Cricetulus
- Drug Compounding
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- HT29 Cells
- Half-Life
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- MCF-7 Cells
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Proof of Concept Study
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Serum Albumin, Human/genetics
- Serum Albumin, Human/metabolism
- Serum Albumin, Human/pharmacokinetics
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Mandrup
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sui Ching Ong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Dinesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Imke Rudnik-Jansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (i + mas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Mikkelsen K, Harwood SL, Compte M, Merino N, Mølgaard K, Lykkemark S, Alvarez-Mendez A, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)-Specific 4-1BB-Costimulation Induced by CEA-Targeted 4-1BB-Agonistic Trimerbodies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1791. [PMID: 31417564 PMCID: PMC6685135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137) is an inducible costimulatory receptor that promotes expansion and survival of activated T cells; and IgG-based 4-1BB-agonistic monoclonal antibodies exhibited potent antitumor activity in clinical trials. However, the clinical development of those antibodies is restricted by major off-tumor toxicities associated with FcγR interactions. We have recently generated an EGFR-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody that demonstrated strong antitumor activity and did not induce systemic inflammatory cytokine secretion and hepatotoxicity associated with first-generation 4-1BB agonists. Here, we generate a bispecific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that is highly expressed in cancers of diverse origins. The CEA-targeted anti-4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody consists of three 4-1BB-specific single-chain fragment variable antibodies and three anti-CEA single-domain antibodies positioned around a murine collagen XVIII-derived homotrimerization domain. The trimerbody was produced as a homogenous, non-aggregating, soluble protein purifiable by standard affinity chromatographic methods. The purified trimerbody was found to be trimeric in solution, very efficient at recognizing 4-1BB and CEA, and potently costimulating T cells in vitro in the presence of CEA. Therefore, trimerbody-based tumor-targeted 4-1BB costimulation is a broadly applicable and clinically feasible approach to enhance the costimulatory environment of disseminated tumor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mikkelsen
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Seandean Lykke Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Kasper Mølgaard
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Francisco J Blanco
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Just J, Munk Ipsen P, Kruhøffer M, Lykkemark S, Skjold T, Schiøtz PO, Hoffmann HJ. Human Mast Cell Sensitization with IgE Increases miRNA-210 Expression. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:102-107. [PMID: 30965334 DOI: 10.1159/000496513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent important post-transcriptional regulators with a dynamic expression profile during health and disease. OBJECTIVES We explored the miRNA profile of human mast cells (MCs) during sen-sitization with IgE, during activation through IgE, and relat ed it to prostaglandin D2 synthesis and histamine release. METHOD We investigated the expression pattern of 762 miRNAs during the IgE-mediated sensitization and activation of MCs cultured from CD133+ stem cells that were isolated from allergic asthmatic patients and nonatopic controls. RESULTS IgE-mediated sensitization increased the expression of miRNA-210 eight-fold. This increase was sustained during IgE-mediated MC activation. Furthermore, we confirmed the increase of the miRNA-132/212 cluster after MC activation. Predicted target genes of miRNA-210/132/212 were enriched in several pathways known to be involved in MC activation. Histamine release was significantly higher in MCs from allergic patients when compared to controls, and a number of miRNAs correlated with histamine release and prostaglandin D2 synthesis during MC activation. CONCLUSION The miRNAs and analysis presented here can help to elucidate the role of miRNAs in mediator release during MC activation. We speculate that miRNA-210 could be important in MC sensitization that leads to allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Just
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Munk Ipsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Lykkemark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tina Skjold
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Oluf Schiøtz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, .,Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,
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6
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Blanco B, Compte M, Lykkemark S, Sanz L, Alvarez-Vallina L. T Cell-Redirecting Strategies to ‘STAb’ Tumors: Beyond CARs and Bispecific Antibodies. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:243-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Lykkemark S, Mandrup OA, Jensen MB, Just J, Kristensen P. A novel excision selection method for isolation of antibodies binding antigens expressed specifically by rare cells in tissue sections. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e107. [PMID: 28369551 PMCID: PMC5499801 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of single cell technologies to provide increased biological insight and allow development of improved therapeutics. The central dogma explains why single cell technologies is further advanced in studies targeting nucleic acids compared to proteins, as nucleic acid amplification makes experimental detection possible. Here we describe a novel method for single round phage display selection of antibody fragments from genetic libraries targeting antigens expressed by rare cells in tissue sections. We present and discuss the results of two selections of antibodies recognizing antigens expressed by perivascular cells surrounding capillaries located in a human brain section; with the aim of identifying biomarkers expressed by pericytes. The area targeted for selection was identified by a known biomarker and morphological appearance, however in situ hybridizations to nucleic acids can also be used for the identification of target cells. The antibody selections were performed directly on the tissue sections followed by excision of the target cells using a glass capillary attached to micromanipulation equipment. Antibodies bound to the target cells were characterized using ELISA, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The described method will provide a valuable tool for the discovery of novel biomarkers on rare cells in all types of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Niels Jensens Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ole Aalund Mandrup
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Bjørnkjær Jensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Harwood SL, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Nuñez-Prado N, Compte M, Hernández-Pérez S, Merino N, Bonet J, Navarro R, Van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Lykkemark S, Mikkelsen K, Mølgaard K, Jabs F, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Roda-Navarro P, Alvarez-Vallina L. ATTACK, a novel bispecific T cell-recruiting antibody with trivalent EGFR binding and monovalent CD3 binding for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1377874. [PMID: 29296540 PMCID: PMC5739562 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1377874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The redirection of T cell activity using bispecific antibodies is one of the most promising cancer immunotherapy approaches currently in development, but it is limited by cytokine storm-related toxicities, as well as the pharmacokinetics and tumor-penetrating capabilities of current bispecific antibody formats. Here, we have engineered the ATTACK (Asymmetric Tandem Trimerbody for T cell Activation and Cancer Killing), a novel T cell-recruiting bispecific antibody which combines three EGFR-binding single-domain antibodies (VHH; clone EgA1) with a single CD3-binding single-chain variable fragment (scFv; clone OKT3) in an intermediate molecular weight package. The two specificities are oriented in opposite directions in order to simultaneously engage cancer cells and T cell effectors, and thereby promote immunological synapse formation. EgA1 ATTACK was expressed as a homogenous, non-aggregating, soluble protein by mammalian cells and demonstrated an enhanced binding to EGFR, but not CD3, when compared to the previously characterized tandem bispecific antibody which has one EgA1 VHH and one OKT3 scFv per molecule. EgA1 ATTACK induced synapse formation and early signaling pathways downstream of TCR engagement at lower concentrations than the tandem VHH-scFv bispecific antibody. Furthermore, it demonstrated extremely potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity when retargeting human T cells towards EGFR-expressing cells, with an efficacy over 15-fold higher than that of the tandem VHH-scFv bispecific antibody. These results suggest that the ATTACK is an ideal format for the development of the next-generation of T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seandean Lykke Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rocio Navarro
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Simon Lykkemark
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Mølgaard
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederic Jabs
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Just J, Lykkemark S, Nielsen CH, Roshenas AR, Drasbek KR, Petersen SV, Bek T, Kristensen P. Pericyte modulation by a functional antibody obtained by a novel single-cell selection strategy. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC); Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Charlotte H. Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Ali R. Roshenas
- Department of Engineering; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim R. Drasbek
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Toke Bek
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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10
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Larsen SA, Meldgaard T, Fridriksdottir AJ, Lykkemark S, Poulsen PC, Overgaard LF, Petersen HB, Petersen OW, Kristensen P. Selection of a breast cancer subpopulation-specific antibody using phage display on tissue sections. Immunol Res 2016; 62:263-72. [PMID: 25963139 PMCID: PMC4469306 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer tumors are composed of heterogeneous cell populations. These populations display a high variance in morphology, growth and metastatic propensity. They respond differently to therapeutic interventions, and some may be more prone to cause recurrence. Studying individual subpopulations of breast cancer may provide crucial knowledge for the development of individualized therapy. However, this process is challenged by the availability of biomarkers able to identify subpopulations specifically. Here, we demonstrate an approach for phage display selection of recombinant antibody fragments on cryostat sections of human breast cancer tissue. This method allows for selection of recombinant antibodies binding to antigens specifically expressed in a small part of the tissue section. In this case, a CD271+ subpopulation of breast cancer cells was targeted, and these may be potential breast cancer stem cells. We isolated an antibody fragment LH 7, which in immunohistochemistry experiments demonstrates specific binding to breast cancer subpopulations. The selection of antibody fragments directly on small defined areas within a larger section of malignant tissue is a novel approach by which it is possible to better target cellular heterogeneity in proteomic studies. The identification of novel biomarkers is relevant for our understanding and intervention in human diseases. The selection of the breast cancer-specific antibody fragment LH 7 may reveal novel subpopulation-specific biomarkers, which has the potential to provide new insight and treatment strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Asbjørn Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Larsen SA, Meldgaard T, Fridriksdottir AJR, Lykkemark S, Poulsen PC, Overgaard LF, Petersen HB, Petersen OW, Kristensen P. Raising an Antibody Specific to Breast Cancer Subpopulations Using Phage Display on Tissue Sections. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2016; 13:21-30. [PMID: 26708596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Primary tumors display a great level of intra-tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer. The current lack of prognostic and predictive biomarkers limits accurate stratification and the ability to predict response to therapy. The aim of the present study was to select recombinant antibody fragments specific against breast cancer subpopulations, aiding the discovery of novel biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant antibody fragments were selected by phage display. A novel shadowstick technology enabled the direct selection using tissue sections of antibody fragments specific against small subpopulations of breast cancer cells. Selections were performed against a subpopulation of breast cancer cells expressing CD271+, as these previously have been indicated to be potential breast cancer stem cells. The selected antibody fragments were screened by phage ELISA on both breast cancer and myoepithelial cells. The antibody fragments were validated and evaluated by immunohistochemistry experiments. RESULTS Our study revealed an antibody fragment, LH8, specific for breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry results indicate that this particular antibody fragment binds an antigen that exhibits differential expression in different breast cancer subpopulations. CONCLUSION Further studies characterizing this antibody fragment, the subpopulation it binds and the cognate antigen may unearth novel biomarkers of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Asbjørn Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Agla Jael Rubner Fridriksdottir
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Biological Disease Analysis and Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Biological Disease Analysis and Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Just J, Jung T, Friis NA, Lykkemark S, Drasbek K, Siboska G, Grune T, Kristensen P. Identification of an unstable 4-hydroxynoneal modification on the 20S proteasome subunit α7 by recombinant antibody technology. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:786-92. [PMID: 26472192 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous cellular functions rely on an active proteasome allowing degradation of damaged or misfolded proteins. Therefore changes in the proteasomal activity have important physiological consequences. During oxidative stress the production of free radicals can result in the formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) following lipid peroxidiation. The HNE moiety is highly reactive and via a nucleophilic attack readily forms covalent links to cysteine, histidine and lysine side chains. However, as the chemical properties of these amino acids differ, so does the kinetics of the reactions. While covalent linkage through Michael addition is well established, reversible and unstable associations have only been indicated in a few cases. In the present study we have identified an unstable HNE adduct on the α7 subunit of the 20S proteasome using phage display of recombinant antibodies. This recombinant antibody fragment recognized HNE modified proteasomes in vitro and showed that this epitope was easily HNE modified, yet unstable, and influenced by experimental procedures. Hence unstable HNE-adducts could be overlooked as a regulatory mechanism of proteasomal activity and a participating factor in the decreased proteasomal activity associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Just
- Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias Jung
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Niels Anton Friis
- Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Drasbek
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Siboska
- Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Aarthus Univeristy, Department of Engineering, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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13
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Zhang X, Meng Z, Ma J, Shi Y, Xu H, Lykkemark S, Qin J. Flexible Fabrication of Shape-Controlled Collagen Building Blocks for Self-Assembly of 3D Microtissues. Small 2015; 11:3666-3675. [PMID: 25920010 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Creating artificial tissue-like structures that possess the functionality, specificity, and architecture of native tissues remains a big challenge. A new and straightforward strategy for generating shape-controlled collagen building blocks with a well-defined architecture is presented, which can be used for self-assembly of complex 3D microtissues. Collagen blocks with tunable geometries are controllably produced and released via a membrane-templated microdevice. The formation of functional microtissues by embedding tissue-specific cells into collagen blocks with expression of specific proteins is described. The spontaneous self-assembly of cell-laden collagen blocks into organized tissue constructs with predetermined configurations is demonstrated, which are largely driven by the synergistic effects of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This new strategy would open up new avenues for the study of tissue/organ morphogenesis, and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoxu Meng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
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14
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Larsen SA, Meldgaard T, Lykkemark S, Mandrup OA, Kristensen P. Selection of cell-type specific antibodies on tissue-sections using phage display. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1939-48. [PMID: 25808085 PMCID: PMC4549044 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of modern technologies enabling single cell analysis, it has become clear that small sub-populations of cells or even single cells can drive the phenotypic appearance of tissue, both diseased and normal. Nucleic acid based technologies allowing single cell analysis has been faster to mature, while technologies aimed at analysing the proteome at a single cell level is still lacking behind, especially technologies which allow single cell analysis in tissue. Introducing methods, that allows such analysis, will pave the way for discovering new biomarkers with more clinical relevance, as these may be unique for microenvironments only present in tissue and will avoid artifacts introduced by in vitro studies. Here, we introduce a technology enabling biomarker identification on small sub-populations of cells within a tissue section. Phage antibody libraries are applied to the tissue sections, followed by washing to remove non-bound phage particles. To eliminate phage antibodies binding to antigens ubiquitously expressed and retrieve phage antibodies binding specifically to antigens expressed by the sub-population of cells, the area of interest is protected by a ‘shadow stick’. The phage antibodies on the remaining areas on the slide are exposed to UV light, which introduces cross-links in the phage genome, thus rendering them non-replicable. In this work we applied the technology, guided by CD31 expressing endothelial cells, to isolate recombinant antibodies specifically binding biomarkers expressed either by the cell or in the microenvironment surrounding the endothelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Asbjørn Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Nuñez-Prado N, Compte M, Harwood S, Álvarez-Méndez A, Lykkemark S, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. The coming of age of engineered multivalent antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:588-94. [PMID: 25757598 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology has had a profound impact on medicine. The therapeutic use of first-generation mAb achieved considerable success in the treatment of major diseases, including cancer, inflammation, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases. Next-generation antibodies have been engineered to further increase potency, improve the safety profile and acquire non-natural properties, and constitute a thriving area of mAb research and development. Currently, a variety of alternative antibody formats with modified architectures have been generated and are moving fast into the clinic. In fact, the bispecific antibody blinatumomab was the first in its class to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as recently as December 2014. Here, we outline the fundamental strategies used for designing the next generation of therapeutic antibodies, as well as the most relevant results obtained in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Sino-Danish Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Yu Y, Wen H, Ma J, Lykkemark S, Xu H, Qin J. Flexible fabrication of biomimetic bamboo-like hybrid microfibers. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2494-2499. [PMID: 24453009 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic and flexible bamboo-like hybrid fibers are produced using a novel one-step strategy. By combining a droplet microfluidic technique with a wet-spinning process, biocompatible microfibers are incorporated with polymer spheres or multicellular spheroids. As a result of the controllability of this approach, it has potential applications in materials science and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
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17
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Lykkemark S, Mandrup OA, Friis NA, Kristensen P. Degradation of C-terminal tag sequences on domain antibodies purified from E. coli supernatant. MAbs 2014; 6:1551-9. [PMID: 25426869 PMCID: PMC4622476 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins often takes advantage of peptide tags expressed in fusion to allow easy detection and purification of the expressed proteins. However, as the fusion peptides most often are flexible appendages at the N- or C-terminal, proteolytic cleavage may result in removal of the tag sequence. Here, we evaluated the functionality and stability of 14 different combinations of commonly used tags for purification and detection of recombinant antibody fragments. The tag sequences were inserted in fusion with the c-terminal end of a domain antibody based on the HEL4 scaffold in a phagemid vector. This particular antibody fragment was able to refold on the membrane after blotting, allowing us to detect c-terminal tag breakdown by use of protein A in combination with detection of the tags in the specific constructs. The degradation of the c-terminal tags suggested specific sites to be particularly prone to proteolytic cleavage, leaving some of the tag combinations partially or completely degraded. This specific work illustrates the importance of tag design with regard to recombinant antibody expression in E. coli, but also aids the more general understanding of protein expression.
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Key Words
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- E. coli, escherichia coli
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IPTG, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RCF, relative centrifugal force
- TEV protease, tobacco etch virus
- Tsp protease, tail-specific protease
- antibodies
- dAb, domain antibody
- peptide tags
- phage display
- protein expression
- proteolytic degradation
- rpm, revolutions per minute
- scFv, single chain fragment variable
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Sino-Danish Center; Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Anton Friis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Mandrup OA, Friis NA, Lykkemark S, Just J, Kristensen P. A novel heavy domain antibody library with functionally optimized complementarity determining regions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76834. [PMID: 24116173 PMCID: PMC3792991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Today a number of synthetic antibody libraries of different formats have been created and used for the selection of a large number of recombinant antibodies. One of the determining factors for successful isolation of recombinant antibodies from libraries lies in the quality of the libraries i.e. the number of correctly folded, functional antibodies contained in the library. Here, we describe the construction of a novel, high quality, synthetic single domain antibody library dubbed Predator. The library is based on the HEL4 domain antibody with the addition of recently reported mutations concerning the amino acid composition at positions critical for the folding characteristics and aggregation propensities of domain antibodies. As a unique feature, the CDR3 of the library was designed to mimic the natural human immune response by designating amino acids known to be prevalent in functional antibodies to the diversity in CDR3. CDR randomizations were performed using trinucleotide synthesis to avoid the presence of stop codons. Furthermore a novel cycle free elongation method was used for the conversion of the synthesized single stranded DNA containing the randomized CDRs into double stranded DNA of the library. In addition a modular approach has been adopted for the scaffold in which each CDR region is flanked by unique restrictions sites, allowing easy affinity maturation of selected clones by CDR shuffling. To validate the quality of the library, one round phage display selections were performed on purified antigens and highly complex antigen mixtures such as cultured eukaryotic cells resulting in several specific binders. The further characterization of some of the selected clones, however, indicates a reduction in thermodynamic stability caused by the inclusion the additional mutations to the HEL4 scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Anton Friis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Lykkemark S, Just Nielsen J, Kristensen P, Østergaard L. 3D culture system for functional studies of CNS pericytes. Exp Gerontol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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