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Martens LC, Cauwels RGEC, Van Acker JWG, Joshi KR, Hanet PN, Rajasekharan S. Biodentine™ as a temporary filling in deep carious lesions in permanent teeth: a prospective observational 33-month follow-up study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:277-284. [PMID: 38427158 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate temporary fillings using Biodentine™ in asymptomatic deep carious lesions after 12, 24, and 36 months in school children from the remote village of Kerung, Nepal. METHODS From November 2018 to November 2019, 91 temporary fillings were placed using Biodentine™ (a hydraulic calcium silicate cement) in permanent molars with deep carious lesions of schoolchildren in the remote district of Kerung, Nepal. These restorations were performed after selective caries removal in a non-dental setting with hand instruments and cotton roll isolation, as electric motors and saliva ejection systems were unavailable. In total, 78 single-surface and 13 multi-surface fillings were placed. Clinical and radiographic follow-up periods encompassed 12, 21, and 33 months, respectively. RESULTS After 12 months, all single-surface fillings (100%) survived, whilst all multi-surface fillings were partially or entirely lost. The survival rate of single-surface restorations after 21 and 33 months was 67.6% and 50%, respectively. Radiographically, no pathology was observed. CONCLUSION This study showed that Biodentine could be used in deep carious lesions as a temporary filling in single-surface lesions for at least up to 1 year and in a substantial number of cases for up to 21 and 33 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Martens
- ELOHA (Equal Lifelong Oral Health for All) Research Group, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (P8), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - R G E C Cauwels
- ELOHA (Equal Lifelong Oral Health for All) Research Group, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (P8), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J W G Van Acker
- ELOHA (Equal Lifelong Oral Health for All) Research Group, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (P8), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K R Joshi
- Consultant Pediatric Dentist at Kanti Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Govt. of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P N Hanet
- Initiator of the Kerung Project, Meudon, France
| | - S Rajasekharan
- ELOHA (Equal Lifelong Oral Health for All) Research Group, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 (P8), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Pahmeier F, Lavacca TM, Goellner S, Neufeldt CJ, Prasad V, Cerikan B, Rajasekharan S, Mizzon G, Haselmann U, Funaya C, Scaturro P, Cortese M, Bartenschlager R. Identification of host dependency factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle formation through proteomics and ultrastructural analysis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0087823. [PMID: 37905840 PMCID: PMC10688318 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Remodeling of the cellular endomembrane system by viruses allows for efficient and coordinated replication of the viral genome in distinct subcellular compartments termed replication organelles. As a critical step in the viral life cycle, replication organelle formation is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, but factors central to this process are only partially understood. In this study, we corroborate that two viral proteins, nsp3 and nsp4, are the major drivers of membrane remodeling in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further report a number of host cell factors interacting with these viral proteins and supporting the viral replication cycle, some of them by contributing to the formation of the SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pahmeier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa-Maria Lavacca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Goellner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Neufeldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibhu Prasad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berati Cerikan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Giulia Mizzon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Systems Arbovirology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division “Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Sagna A, Nair RVR, Hulyalkar N, Rajasekharan S, Nair VTG, Sivakumar KC, Suja SR, Baby S, Sreekumar E. Ethyl palmitate, an anti-chikungunya virus principle from Sauropus androgynus, a medicinal plant used to alleviate fever in ethnomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 309:116366. [PMID: 36914036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sauropus androgynus is a medicinal shrub used for the treatment of fever in ethnomedical traditions in various Southeast Asian countries. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to identify antiviral principles from S. androgynus against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a major mosquito-borne pathogen that re-emerged in the last decade, and to unravel their mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydroalcoholic extract of S. androgynus leaves was screened for anti-CHIKV activity using cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The extract was subjected to activity guided isolation and the resultant pure molecule was characterized by GC-MS, Co-GC and Co-HPTLC. The isolated molecule was further evaluated for its effect by plaque reduction assay, Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. In silico docking with CHIKV envelope proteins and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) analyses were used to elucidate its possible mechanism of action. RESULTS S. androgynus hydroalcoholic extract showed promising anti-CHIKV activity and its active component, obtained by activity guided isolation, was identified as ethyl palmitate (EP), a fatty acid ester. At 1 μg/mL, EP led to 100% inhibition of CPE and a significant 3 log10 reduction in CHIKV replication in Vero cells at 48 h post-infection. EP was highly potent with an EC50 of 0.0019 μg/mL (0.0068 μM) and a very high selectivity index. EP treatment significantly reduced viral protein expression, and time of addition studies revealed that it acts at the stage of viral entry. A strong binding to the viral envelope protein E1 homotrimer during entry, thus preventing viral fusion, was identified as a possible mechanism by which EP imparts its antiviral effect. CONCLUSIONS S. androgynus contains EP as a potent antiviral principle against CHIKV. This justifies the use of the plant against febrile infections, possibly caused by viruses, in various ethnomedical systems. Our results also prompt more studies on fatty acids and their derivatives against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sagna
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
| | - Reshma V R Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
| | - Neha Hulyalkar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
| | - Vinodkumar T G Nair
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
| | - K C Sivakumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - S R Suja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India; Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 695317, Kerala, India.
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Gioia U, Tavella S, Martínez-Orellana P, Cicio G, Colliva A, Ceccon M, Cabrini M, Henriques AC, Fumagalli V, Paldino A, Presot E, Rajasekharan S, Iacomino N, Pisati F, Matti V, Sepe S, Conte MI, Barozzi S, Lavagnino Z, Carletti T, Volpe MC, Cavalcante P, Iannacone M, Rampazzo C, Bussani R, Tripodo C, Zacchigna S, Marcello A, d'Adda di Fagagna F. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces DNA damage, through CHK1 degradation and impaired 53BP1 recruitment, and cellular senescence. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:550-564. [PMID: 36894671 PMCID: PMC10104783 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the RNA virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 was reported to alter several cellular pathways, its impact on DNA integrity and the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes DNA damage and elicits an altered DNA damage response. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 proteins ORF6 and NSP13 cause degradation of the DNA damage response kinase CHK1 through proteasome and autophagy, respectively. CHK1 loss leads to deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) shortage, causing impaired S-phase progression, DNA damage, pro-inflammatory pathways activation and cellular senescence. Supplementation of deoxynucleosides reduces that. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 N-protein impairs 53BP1 focal recruitment by interfering with damage-induced long non-coding RNAs, thus reducing DNA repair. Key observations are recapitulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice and patients with COVID-19. We propose that SARS-CoV-2, by boosting ribonucleoside triphosphate levels to promote its replication at the expense of dNTPs and by hijacking damage-induced long non-coding RNAs' biology, threatens genome integrity and causes altered DNA damage response activation, induction of inflammation and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo Gioia
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Tavella
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giada Cicio
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta Ceccon
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cabrini
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana C Henriques
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Paldino
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Sreejith Rajasekharan
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Iacomino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Matti
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sepe
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde I Conte
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Barozzi
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Zeno Lavagnino
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Tea Carletti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Iannacone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute & University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Tripodo
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), National Research Institute (CNR), Pavia, Italy.
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5
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Duggal M, Gizani S, Albadri S, Krämer N, Stratigaki E, Tong HJ, Seremidi K, Kloukos D, BaniHani A, Santamaría RM, Hu S, Maden M, Amend S, Boutsiouki C, Bekes K, Lygidakis N, Frankenberger R, Monteiro J, Anttonnen V, Leith R, Sobczak M, Rajasekharan S, Parekh S. Best clinical practice guidance for treating deep carious lesions in primary teeth: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:659-666. [PMID: 36219336 PMCID: PMC9637614 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) has developed this best clinical practice guidance to help clinicians manage deep carious lesions in primary teeth. Methods Three expert groups conducted systematic reviews of the relevant literature. The topics were: (1) conventional techniques (2) Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) and (3) materials. Workshops were held during the corresponding EAPD interim seminar in Oslo in April 2021. Several clinical based recommendations and statements were agreed upon, and gaps in our knowledge were identified. Results There is strong evidence that indirect pulp capping and pulpotomy techniques, and 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride are shown to be effective for the management of caries in the primary dentition. Due to the strict criteria, it is not possible to give clear recommendations on which materials are most appropriate for restoring primary teeth with deep carious lesions. Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) is not suitable for multi-surface caries, and Pre-formed Metal Crowns (PMCs) using the Hall technique reduce patient discomfort. GIC and RMGIC seem to be more favourable given the lower annual failure rate compared to HVGIC and MRGIC. Glass carbomer cannot be recommended due to inferior marginal adaptation and fractures. Compomers, hybrid composite resins and bulk-fill composite resins demonstrated similar values for annual failure rates. Conclusion The management of deep carious lesions in primary teeth can be challenging and must consider the patient’s compliance, operator skills, materials and costs. There is a clear need to increase the use of MID techniques in managing carious primary teeth as a mainstream rather than a compromise option.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duggal
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Gizani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S Albadri
- School of Dentistry, Unit of Oral Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Krämer
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Stratigaki
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, University Center of Dental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H J Tong
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force and VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A BaniHani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R M Santamaría
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Amend
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg (Campus Giessen) Medical Centre for Dentistry, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Boutsiouki
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg (Campus Giessen) Medical Centre for Dentistry, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Bekes
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Lygidakis
- Lygidakis Dental Clinic (Private Dental Practice), 2 Papadiamantopoulou str. & Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - R Frankenberger
- Medical Centre for Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Phillips-University Marburg, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg (Campus Marburg), Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Monteiro
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Anttonnen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - R Leith
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Sobczak
- Specialized Dental Practice, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Parekh
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
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Marro F, De Smedt S, Rajasekharan S, Martens L, Bottenberg P, Jacquet W. Associations between obesity, dental caries, erosive tooth wear and periodontal disease in adolescents: a case-control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:99-108. [PMID: 32424690 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare oral health [dental caries, periodontal status, and erosive tooth wear (ETW)], diet and oral hygiene habits between obese and normal weight adolescents, and to explore possible risk associations. METHODS In this case-control study, a convenience sample of 71 obese adolescents (age range 11-18) from a rehabilitation centre, and 54 age-sex-matched normal weight adolescents were selected for this study. Groups were defined using the Body Mass Index and growth curves for Flemish adolescents. Oral health was measured using DMFT, gingival, plaque and BEWE index. A validated questionnaire was utilized to assess diet and oral hygiene habits. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare oral health between groups. Multivariate Firth's logistic regression analysis, conditional regression analysis and classification trees were used to detect associations between oral health and potential risk factors. RESULTS Prevalence of ETW did not differ significantly between groups, although obese adolescents presented a significantly higher caries experience, gingivitis, presence of plaque and periodontal problems, compared to normal weight adolescents. After adjusting for age and sex, obesity was associated only with the presence of dental plaque (p ≤ 0.001). Obese participants reported a significantly higher intake of sugar-rich and caloric food items than normal weight group. The consumption of acidic drinks, however, was similar. CONCLUSION Obese adolescents presented significantly higher caries experience, gingivitis and plaque, although after adjusting, obesity became significantly associated only with the presence of dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marro
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - S De Smedt
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Bottenberg
- Oral Health Research Group ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Jacquet
- Oral Health Research Group ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Al-Rashedi NAM, Licastro D, Rajasekharan S, Dal Monego S, Marcello A, Munahi MG, Odda BS, Alabdali YAJ, ALObaidi LAH, Jasim A, Abdulzahra IA, Kadhim K, Awad A, Bachay M. Genome Sequencing of a Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Isolate from Iraq. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e01316-20. [PMID: 33509990 PMCID: PMC7844075 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01316-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding-complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an Iraqi patient was sequenced for the first-time using Illumina MiSeq technology. There was a D614G mutation in the spike protein-coding sequence. This report is valuable for better understanding the spread of the virus in Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad A M Al-Rashedi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | | | - Sreejith Rajasekharan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Murad G Munahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Basel Saber Odda
- Department of Public Health, Al-Muthanna Health Directorate, Samawah, Iraq
| | | | - Laith A H ALObaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Ali Jasim
- Department of Public Health, Al-Muthanna Health Directorate, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Ibrahem A Abdulzahra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Karar Kadhim
- Department of Public Health, Al-Muthanna Health Directorate, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Ali Awad
- Department of Public Health, Al-Muthanna Health Directorate, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Mohamed Bachay
- Department of Public Health, Al-Muthanna Health Directorate, Samawah, Iraq
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Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Latha PG, Suja SR, Abraham S, G. Nair V, Rajasekharan S. Evaluation of CYP2D, CYP1A2 and distribution of tetrandrine, fangchinoline in the brain, liver, and kidney of wistar rats after short-term exposure to Cyclea peltata. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_166_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gurava Reddy AV, Manohar M, Shetty A, Sankineani SR, Ashok Kumar PS, Bose VC, Pichai S, Patil S, Mukartihal R, Dhanasekhara Raja P, Rajkumar N, Rajasekharan S. A comparative study evaluating the role of adductor canal block catheter versus intraarticular analgesic infusion on knee pain and range of motion in the immediate postoperative period: a prospective multicenter trial. Musculoskelet Surg 2020; 104:267-271. [PMID: 31236778 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-019-00616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an important determinant of hospital stay and rehabilitation and thereby functional outcome. Adductor canal block (ACB) and intraarticular analgesic infiltration through catheters (IAC) are techniques of multimodal analgesia which have shown to control postoperative pain satisfactorily. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ACB versus IAC in reducing immediate postoperative pain and thereby allow early rehabilitation. A multicenter quasi-experimental study was conducted on 511 patients undergoing unilateral primary TKA from March 2016 to April 2017 who either received ACB with catheter (Group I, n = 350 patients) or IAC (Group II, n = 172 patients) for postoperative pain control. All the patients were assessed for severity of pain by Visual Analogue Scale at 8, 24, 48, 72 h postoperatively and knee range of motion (ROM) on the day of discharge. There was no significant difference in pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 0 (1.09 ± 0.30 vs. 0.98 ± 0.46, p = 0.45) and POD 1 (1.21 ± 0.45 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00, p = 0.11) and in mean ROM on the day of discharge between ACB and IAC (88.40° ± 7.96° vs. 88.34° ± 5.74°; p = 0.93) groups. This study shows that both ACB and IAC provide satisfactory postoperative analgesia with sparing of quadriceps function and good knee ROM leading to early rehabilitation and reduced hospital with no advantage of one technique over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gurava Reddy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sunshine Hospital, Secunderabad, 500003, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - M Manohar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sunshine Hospital, Secunderabad, 500003, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - A Shetty
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sunshine Hospital, Secunderabad, 500003, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - S R Sankineani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sunshine Hospital, Secunderabad, 500003, India.
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India.
| | - P S Ashok Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Asian Joint Reconstruction Institute, Chennai, 600026, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - V C Bose
- Department of Orthopaedics, Asian Joint Reconstruction Institute, Chennai, 600026, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - S Pichai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Asian Joint Reconstruction Institute, Chennai, 600026, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - S Patil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sparsh Hospital, Bangalore, 560022, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - R Mukartihal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sparsh Hospital, Bangalore, 560022, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - P Dhanasekhara Raja
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, 641043, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - N Rajkumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, 641043, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, 641043, India
- South India Arthroplasty Academy (SIAA), Secunderabad, India
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Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Cauwels RGEC, Anthonappa RP, Verbeeck RMH. Correction to: Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a 3 year literature review and update. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:307. [PMID: 32910412 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - L C Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R G E C Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R P Anthonappa
- Paediatric Oral Health Research Group, School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - R M H Verbeeck
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Marcello A, Civra A, Milan Bonotto R, Nascimento Alves L, Rajasekharan S, Giacobone C, Caccia C, Cavalli R, Adami M, Brambilla P, Lembo D, Poli G, Leoni V. The cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and is markedly decreased in COVID-19 patients. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101682. [PMID: 32810737 PMCID: PMC7416714 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify antivirals against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in the current COVID-19 pandemic and to contain future similar emergencies early on. Specific side-chain cholesterol oxidation products of the oxysterols family have been shown to inhibit a large variety of both enveloped and non-enveloped human viral pathogens. Here we report on the in vitro inhibitory activity of the redox active oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol against SARS-CoV-2 and against one of the common cold agents HCoV-OC43 human coronavirus without significant cytotoxicity. Interestingly, physiological serum levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects were significantly decreased compared to the matched control group, reaching a marked 50% reduction in severe COVID-19 cases. Moreover, no correlation at all was observed between 24-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol serum levels and the severity of the disease. Opposite to that of 27-hydroxycholesterol was the behaviour of two recognized markers of redox imbalance, i.e. 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, whose serum levels were significantly increased especially in severe COVID-19. The exogenous administration of 27-hydroxycholesterol may represent in the near future a valid antiviral strategy in the worsening of diseases caused by present and emerging coronaviruses. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with its entry into target cells. The broad antiviral effect of 27OHC is also exerted against another β-coronavirus, HCoV-OC43. Blood levels of 27OHC were decreased in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, especially in patients with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 patients showed increased serum levels of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Rafaela Milan Bonotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Lais Nascimento Alves
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Sreejith Rajasekharan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Chiara Giacobone
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospitals of Desio and Monza, ASST-Monza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Adami
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospitals of Desio and Monza, ASST-Monza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Unit of General Pathology and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy.
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospitals of Desio and Monza, ASST-Monza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
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Van Acker JWG, Pauwels NS, Cauwels RGEC, Rajasekharan S. Outcomes of different radioprotective precautions in children undergoing dental radiography: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21:463-508. [PMID: 32557182 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of all radioprotective measures in underage patients who undergo a dental radiodiagnostic examination. METHODS A systematic review was performed including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), or cluster trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and comparative in vitro research. These studies examined the healthy underage human population (below 18 years) undergoing a dental radiodiagnostic examination. All radioprotective measures were included except for justification as an intervention. The primary outcomes were in vivo mortality and morbidity. Some surrogate or indirect outcomes such as in vitro effective dose and organ absorbed doses were also accepted. Secondary outcomes with regards to image quality and therapeutic value were also analysed. RESULTS Eighteen papers were eligible for implementation. Fifteen studies underwent narrative synthesis. Regression analysis was performed on three studies. CONCLUSION The following radioprotective measures can reduce the exposure dose. For lateral cephalometry: collimation, filtration, the fastest receptor type and circumstantial thyroid shielding. For oblique lateral radiographs: the shortest exposure time, a smaller horizontal angulation, a longer focus to skin distance. For intraoral radiography: rectangular collimation, the fastest image receptor speed and thyroid shielding when the thyroid gland is in line of or very close to the primary beam. For panoramic radiographs: collimation, the fastest receptor type and the use of automatic exposure control (AEC) or manual adjustment of intensity. For cone-beam computed tomography: collimation, the largest voxels size in relation to the treatment need, change in image settings such as ultra-low dose settings, shorter exposure time, a lower amount of projections, lower beam intensity, reduction of the potential, use of a thyroid shield except in two situations and the use of AEC. All of the changes in exposure parameters should be performed while maintaining a sufficient therapeutic value on an individual and indication-based level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W G Van Acker
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - N S Pauwels
- Knowledge Center Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10 (K3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R G E C Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Licastro D, Rajasekharan S, Dal Monego S, Segat L, D'Agaro P, Marcello A. Isolation and Full-Length Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 Cases in Northern Italy. J Virol 2020; 94:e00543-20. [PMID: 32238585 PMCID: PMC7269454 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00543-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sreejith Rajasekharan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ludovica Segat
- Laboratorio di riferimento per SARS-CoV-2, Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), UCO Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierlanfranco D'Agaro
- Laboratorio di riferimento per SARS-CoV-2, Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), UCO Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Fungal infections are the most challenging problems in an immunocompromised individual. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection with rapid progression and high mortality in immunocompromised individuals. A case of 58-year-old female, with uncontrolled diabetes is with five days history of headache, fever, and acute onset drooping of the eyelid. The initial vision was normal which dropped to PL in the following days, with ophthalmoplegia and dilated nonreactive pupil in the right eye. Fundus and IOP were normal on presentation. MRI and MRV brain showed subtle ethmoidal cysts. CT-PNS showed mild ethmoidal thickening and cyst. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed unhealthy mucosa with no lesion suggesting eschar. A provisional diagnosis of orbital mucormycosis was made. The patient was started on antibiotics and IV Amphotericin B but she went on to further neurological complications. Despite treatment, she developed necrotising eschars in eyelid for which debridement was done. Further, exenteration was advised and patient developed septicaemia, however he died. The culture from debrided tissue showed growth of mucor. The objective of presenting this particular case is to emphasise the importance of considering mucormycosis as diagnosis despite subtle radiological and endoscopic findings in symptomatic immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and aggressive management improve better chances for survival.
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15
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Kühnisch J, Anttonen V, Duggal MS, Spyridonos ML, Rajasekharan S, Sobczak M, Stratigaki E, Van Acker JWG, Aps JKM, Horner K, Tsiklakis K. Best clinical practice guidance for prescribing dental radiographs in children and adolescents: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 21:375-386. [PMID: 31768893 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) proposes this best clinical practice guidance to help practitioners decide when and how to prescribe dental radiographs in children and adolescents. METHODS Four expert working groups conducted each a systematic review of the literature. The main subjects were radiation protection, intraoral dental radiography (bitewing and periapical radiographs), panoramic radiography (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In addition, three workshops were held during the corresponding EAPD Interim Seminar in Chania (Crete, Greece) in 2019. On the basis of the identified evidence, all invited experts presented their findings and during the workshops aspects of clinical relevance were discussed. RESULTS Several clinical-based recommendations and statements were agreed upon. CONCLUSION There is no or low-grade evidence about the efficacy of dental radiographic examinations in young populations. The given recommendations and rationales should be understood as best clinical practice guidance. It is essential to respect the radiological principles of an individualized and patient-specific justification. When a dental radiograph is required, its application needs to be optimized, aiming at limiting the patient's exposure to ionising radiation according to the ALADAIP principle (As Low As Diagnostically Achievable being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kühnisch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 70, 80336, München, Germany.
| | - V Anttonen
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M S Duggal
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Sobczak
- Specialized Dental Practice, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Stratigaki
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J W G Van Acker
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J K M Aps
- Division of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - K Horner
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - K Tsiklakis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nair RR, Suja SR, Vilash V, Aneeshkumar AL, Rajasekharan S, Kumar BSB. Protective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Roots of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr., on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Injury in Wistar Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Martens LC, Rajasekharan S, Jacquet W, Vandenbulcke JD, Van Acker JWG, Cauwels RGEC. Paediatric dental emergencies: a retrospective study and a proposal for definition and guidelines including pain management. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:245-253. [PMID: 29949083 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was primarily to perform a retrospective analysis of 1000 emergency dental visits in order to characterize the nature of the dental emergency and the treatment provided and secondly to define a guideline for dental emergency treatment in children including pain management. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of 1000 patients (aged 0-16 years) who visited the dental emergency service of the paediatric dental clinic at the Ghent University Hospital, Belgium over a period of 3 years. Data regarding age, gender, reason for visit, year of visit, consequent appointments and treatment provided were collected. Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and Chi-square test, with significance level set as P < 0.05. RESULTS The number of patients visiting with a dental emergency increased annually. Approximately half (50.2%) of all paediatric dental emergency consultations were based on pain due to caries and its consequences. More than a quartile (26.7%) of emergency patients suffered from dental trauma of either primar or permanent teeth. The majority (96.7%) of the patients reported pain, 16.3% of the patients did not necessarily need immediate attention. CONCLUSION Dental emergencies in a university hospital based setting were predominantly related to caries and trauma. A precise definition of dental emergencies is recommended in order to prevent abuse of paediatric emergency services.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Jacquet
- Oral Health Research Group ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, VUB Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, VUB Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J D Vandenbulcke
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J W G Van Acker
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R G E C Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS Research Cluster, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Cauwels RGEC, Anthonappa RP. Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a 3 year literature review and update. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:1-22. [PMID: 29372451 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biodentine™ has frequently been acknowledged in the literature as a promising material and serves as an important representative of tricalcium silicate based cements used in dentistry. AIM To provide an update on the physical and biological properties of Biodentine™ and to compare these properties with those of other tricalcium silicate cements namely, different variants of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) such as ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Micro Mega MTA (MM-MTA), Retro MTA, Ortho MTA, MTA Plus, GCMTA, MTA HP and calcium enriched mixture (CEM), Endosequence and Bioaggregate™. STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive literature search for publications from November 20, 2013 to November 20, 2016 was performed by two independent reviewers on Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL (Cochrane), SIGLE, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs and clinicaltrials.gov. Electronic and hand search was carried out to identify randomised control trials (RCTs), case control studies, case series, case reports, as well as in vitro and animal studies published in the English language. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced physical and biologic properties of Biodentine™ could be attributed to the presence of finer particle size, use of zirconium oxide as radiopacifier, purity of tricalcium silicate, absence of dicalcium silicate, and the addition of calcium chloride and hydrosoluble polymer. Furthermore, as Biodentine™ overcomes the major drawbacks of MTA it has great potential to revolutionise the different treatment modalities in paediatric dentistry and endodontics especially after traumatic injuries. Nevertheless, high quality long-term clinical studies are required to facilitate definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and special care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - L C Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and special care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R G E C Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and special care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R P Anthonappa
- Paediatric Oral Health Research Group, School of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Rana J, Gulati S, Rajasekharan S, Gupta A, Chaudhary V, Gupta S. Identification of potential molecular associations between chikungunya virus non-structural protein 2 and human host proteins. Acta Virol 2017; 61:39-47. [PMID: 28105853 DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_01_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) is considered to be the master regulator of viral RNA replication and host responses generated during viral infection. This protein has two main functional domains: an N-terminal domain which exhibits NTPase, RNA triphosphatase and helicase activities and a C-terminal protease domain. Understanding how CHIKV nsP2 interacts with its host proteins is essential for elucidating all the required processes for viral replication and pathogenesis along with the identification of potential targets for antiviral therapy. In current study yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human fetal brain cDNA library was performed using nsP2 protein as bait. The analysis identified seven host proteins (CCDC130, CPNE6, POLR2C, MAPK9, EIF4A2, EEF1A1 and EIF3I) as putative interactors of CHIKV nsP2 which were selected for further analysis based on their roles in host cellular machinery. The gene ontology analysis indicates that these proteins are mainly involved in apoptosis, transcription and translational mechanism of host cell. Domain mapping of nsP2 revealed that these associations are not random connections but instead they have functional significance. Further studies to identify the amino acid residues and their chemical interactions that may help in opening new possibilities for preventing these interactions, thus reducing chances of chikungunya infection were performed. This study expands the understanding of CHIKV-host interactions and is important for rational approaches of discovering new antiviral agents.
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Rajasekharan S, Martens L, Domingues L, Cauwels R. SCN9A channelopathy associated autosomal recessive Congenital Indifference to Pain. A case report. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:66-68. [PMID: 28494607 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2017.18.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital Indifference to Pain (CIP) is a rare condition that inhibits the ability of patients to perceive physical pain but otherwise keeps normal sensory modalities. The condition has been mapped to an autosomal recessive trait to chromosome 2q 24.3 with mutations on the SCN9A gene. CASE REPORT A 2 year old Caucasian female presented with CIP. Bite injuries, tongue wounds and unaccounted dental trauma episodes were frequently reported. Preventive instructions and possible treatment modalities were discussed with the parents. CONCLUSION The cornerstone of treating CIP patients is an extensive preventive approach alongside regular oral examination at home by parents as well as routine recall appointments with dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Domingues
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Vandenbulcke J, Jacquet W, Bottenberg P, Cauwels RGEC. Efficacy of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars: a randomized control trial. Int Endod J 2016; 50:215-228. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care; PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - L. C. Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care; PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - J. Vandenbulcke
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care; PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - W. Jacquet
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; MOND-EDWE; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Brussel Belgium
| | - P. Bottenberg
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Vrije Universiteteit Brussel; Brussel Belgium
| | - R. G. E. C. Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care; PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Martens L, Rajasekharan S, Cauwels R. Endodontic treatment of trauma-induced necrotic immature teeth using a tricalcium silicate-based bioactive cement. A report of 3 cases with 24-month follow-up. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:24-28. [PMID: 26949235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulp necrosis is the second most common complication after traumatic dental injuries and occurs mostly within the first 6-24 months of follow-up period, depending on the type of dental trauma. CASE REPORT Three cases with endodontic treatment scenarios of trauma-induced necrosis in immature permanent anterior teeth. All cases were treated by full canal obturation with Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) and documented for a follow-up period of 24 months. CONCLUSION Copious irrigation of the root canal, minimal mechanical preparation, use of calcium hydroxide for a short period of time and complete obturation of these immature teeth with a bioactive cement with superior mechanical properties such as Biodentine were the prominent reasons attributed to the success of these three cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry ∧ Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry ∧ Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Cauwels
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry ∧ Special Care, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rajasekharan S, Kumar K, Rana J, Gupta A, Chaudhary VK, Gupta S. Host interactions of Chandipura virus matrix protein. Acta Trop 2015; 149:27-31. [PMID: 25944354 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The rhabdovirus matrix (M) protein is a multifunctional virion protein that plays major role in virus assembly and budding, virus-induced inhibition of host gene expression and cytopathic effects observed in infected cells. The myriad roles played by this protein in the virus biology make it a critical player in viral pathogenesis. Therefore, discerning the interactions of this protein with host can greatly facilitate our understanding of virus infections, ultimately leading to both improved therapeutics and insight into cellular processes. Chandipura virus (CHPV; Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Vesiculovirus) is an emerging rhabdovirus responsible for several outbreaks of fatal encephalitis among children in India. The present study aims to screen the human fetal brain cDNA library for interactors of CHPV M protein using yeast two-hybrid system. Ten host protein interactors were identified, three of which were further validated by affinity pull down and protein interaction ELISA. The study identified novel human host interactors for CHPV which concurred with previously described associations in other human viruses.
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Martens L, Rajasekharan S, Cauwels R. Pulp management after traumatic injuries with a tricalcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine™): a report of two cases, up to 48 months follow-up. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015; 16:491-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-015-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dudha N, Rana J, Rajasekharan S, Gabrani R, Gupta A, Chaudhary VK, Gupta S. Host-pathogen interactome analysis of Chikungunya virus envelope proteins E1 and E2. Virus Genes 2015; 50:200-9. [PMID: 25563600 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The envelope proteins of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are known to play crucial roles in viral infection and spread. Although the role of envelope proteins in viral infection has been studied, the cellular interactors of these proteins are still elusive. In the present study, the ectodomains of CHIKV envelope proteins (E1 and E2) have been used for a high throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening to identify the interacting host protein partners. Following a comparative analysis between the viral-host protein interaction data generated from Y2H and computational approach, five host proteins interacting with E1 and three host proteins interacting with E2 common to both datasets were identified. These associations were further verified independently by pull down and protein interaction ELISA. The identified interactions shed light on the possible cellular machinery that CHIKV might be employing during viral entry, trafficking, and evasion of immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dudha
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, 201307, UP, India
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Rajasekharan S, Martens L, Vanhove C, Aps J. In vitro analysis of extracted dens invaginatus using various radiographic imaging techniques. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2014; 15:265-270. [PMID: 25306142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Dens Invaginatus (DI) is a rare malformation of the teeth, showing a broad spectrum of morphologic variations. The aim of this study was to perform in vitro radiographic analyses of three extracted dens invaginatus (DI) teeth with complex root anatomy using plain radiographs, CBCT, MRI and micro CT techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design: Three maxillary lateral incisors (A, B and C) from two patients were extracted due to poor prognosis and were radiographically analysed. Initially, conventional two dimensional digital radiographs were taken. Subsequently CBCT, micro CT and MRI analyses were performed. RESULTS According to the Schulze and Brand system of classification, teeth A, B and C were classified as A2, B3 and B2 respectively. To detect the relationship between the invagination to the oral cavity and pulp chamber, conventional two dimensional radiographs were of no help. CBCT and MRI images were found to be complementary to each other but provided lesser structural detail than micro CT images. CONCLUSION Reporting on these three DI teeth, normal conventional radiographs did not provide detailed structural information about the malformation due to geometric distortion and lack of information. Even though Oehlers classification system is the most widely used, classification by Schulze and Brand is more applicable in rare and deviant teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PaeCaMeD research, Ghent University
| | - L Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PaeCaMeD research, Ghent University
| | - C Vanhove
- Medical Imaging and Signal Processing, Infinity Lab, Ghent University, UZ Ghent
| | - J Aps
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Washington, USA
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Abstract
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an arthropod borne rhabdovirus associated with acute encephalitis in children below the age of 15 years in the tropical states of India. Although the entry of the virus into the nervous system is among the crucial events in the pathogenesis of CHPV, the exact mechanism allowing CHPV to invade the central nervous system (CNS) is currently poorly understood. In the present review, based on the knowledge of host interactors previously predicted for CHPV, along with the support from experimental data available for other encephalitic viruses, the authors have speculated the various plausible modes by which CHPV could surpass the blood-brain barrier and invade the CNS to cause encephalitis whilst evading the host immune surveillance. Collectively, this review provides a conservative set of potential interactions that can be employed for future experimental validation with a view to better understand the neuropathogenesis of CHPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Rajasekharan
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 307, India
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 307, India
| | - Sahil Gulati
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 307, India
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi South Campus (UDSC), Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 307, India.
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Rana J, Rajasekharan S, Gulati S, Dudha N, Gupta A, Chaudhary VK, Gupta S. Network mapping among the functional domains of Chikungunya virus nonstructural proteins. Proteins 2014; 82:2403-11. [PMID: 24825751 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Formation of virus specific replicase complex is among the most important steps that determines the fate of viral transcription and replication during Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. In the present study, the authors have computationally generated a 3D structure of CHIKV late replicase complex on the basis of the interactions identified among the domains of CHIKV nonstructural proteins (nsPs) which make up the late replicase complex. The interactions among the domains of CHIKV nsPs were identified using systems such as pull down, protein interaction ELISA, and yeast two-hybrid. The structures of nsPs were generated using I-TASSER and the biological assembly of the replicase complex was determined using ZRANK and RDOCK. A total of 36 interactions among the domains and full length proteins were tested and 12 novel interactions have been identified. These interactions included the homodimerization of nsP1 and nsP4 through their respective C-ter domains; the associations of nsP2 helicase domain and C-ter domain of nsP4 with methyltransferase and membrane binding domains of nsP1; the interaction of nsP2 protease domain with C-ter domain of nsP4; and the interaction of nsP3 macro and alphavirus unique domains with the C-ter domain of nsP1. The novel interactions identified in the current study form a network of organized associations that suggest the spatial arrangement of nsPs in the late replicase complex of CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rana
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sreejith G, Jayasree M, Latha PG, Suja SR, Shyamal S, Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Sini S, Shikha P, Krishnakumar NM, Vilash V, Shoumya S, Rajasekharan S. Hepatoprotective activity of Oxalis corniculata L. ethanolic extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and its in vitro antioxidant effects. Indian J Exp Biol 2014; 52:147-152. [PMID: 24597147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxalis corniculata is well known for its medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, antibacterial, antiseptic etc. The present study focuses on the ability of O. corniculata to alleviate liver damage caused by over dose of paracetamol. Antioxidant activity of O. corniculata was evaluated using the free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals, total anti oxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method and total phenolic content was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of whole plant of O. corniculata (OC, 500 microg/mL, po) significantly reduced 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals. This dose also caused significant reduction (62.67%) in malondialdehyde levels of murine hepatic tissues. The antioxidant capacity of OC was comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid and showed 53.5 microg of phenol/mg OC. Rats pre-treated with OC for 4 days showed significant reduction in the serum enzymes such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and showed almost normal histological liver architecture of the treated groups compared to paracetamol induced hepatic damage group, indicating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sreejith
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - M Jayasree
- N S S College, Nilamel, Kollam 691 535, India
| | - P G Latha
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - S R Suja
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - S Shyamal
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - V J Shine
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - G I Anuja
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - S Sini
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - P Shikha
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - N M Krishnakumar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - V Vilash
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - S Shoumya
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
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Rajasekharan S, Rana J, Gulati S, Sharma SK, Gupta V, Gupta S. Predicting the host protein interactors of Chandipura virus using a structural similarity-based approach. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:29-35. [PMID: 23847124 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chandipura virus (CHPV), alike other pathogens, exploits the cellular infrastructure of their hosts through complex network of interactions for successful infection. CHPV being a recently emerged pediatric encephalitic virus, the mechanisms involved in the establishment of viral persistence are still ill defined. Because the protein interface between CHPV and its host provides one means by which the virus invades and seize control of their human host machinery, the authors in this study have employed computational methods to create a network of putative protein-protein interactions between CHPV and its human host to shed light on the hitherto less-known CHPV biology. On the basis of the 2105 potential interactions predicted among 1650 human proteins and the five proteins of CHPV, the authors decipher the probable mode by which the virus manipulates the biological pathways of its host toward its own end and replicates while evading the immune system. Identification of such conserved set of putative interactions that allow the virus to take control of the host has the potential to deepen our understanding of the virus-specific remodeling processes of the host cell and illuminate new arenas of disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Rajasekharan
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sahil Gulati
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev K Sharma
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi South Campus (UDSC), Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Quintana F, Rahbari R, Magalhaes S, McGowan M, Johnson T, Rajasekharan S, Weiner H, Banwell B, Bar-Or A. Specific Serum Antibody Patterns Detected with Antigen Arrays Are Associated to the Development of MS in Pediatric Patients (S60.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s60.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Moore C, Awasthi A, de Faria Junior O, Rajasekharan S, Colman D, Banwell B, Dhaunchak A, Bar-Or A. Neural and Immune-Related Molecules in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of Pediatric-Onset Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes (ADS) of the CNS: Differential Expression in Children Subsequently Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis vs. Monophasic Disease (P02.129). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Waters PJ, McKeon A, Leite MI, Rajasekharan S, Lennon VA, Villalobos A, Palace J, Mandrekar JN, Vincent A, Bar-Or A, Pittock SJ. Serologic diagnosis of NMO: a multicenter comparison of aquaporin-4-IgG assays. Neurology 2012; 78:665-71; discussion 669. [PMID: 22302543 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318248dec1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) immunoglobulin G (IgG) (aquaporin-4 [AQP4] IgG) is highly specific for NMO and related disorders, and autoantibody detection has become an essential investigation in patients with demyelinating disease. However, although different techniques are now used, no multicenter comparisons have been performed. This study compares the sensitivity and specificity of different assays, including an in-house flow cytometric assay and 2 commercial assays (ELISA and transfected cell-based assay [CBA]). METHODS Six assay methods (in-house or commercial) were performed in 2 international centers using coded serum from patients with NMO (35 patients), NMO spectrum disorders (25 patients), relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (39 patients), miscellaneous autoimmune diseases (25 patients), and healthy subjects (22 subjects). RESULTS The highest sensitivities were yielded by assays detecting IgG binding to cells expressing recombinant AQP4 with quantitative flow cytometry (77; 46 of 60) or visual observation (CBA, 73%; 44 of 60). The fluorescence immunoprecipitation assay and tissue-based immunofluorescence assay were least sensitive (48%-53%). The CBA and ELISA commercial assays (100% specific) yielded sensitivities of 68% (41 of 60) and 60% (36 of 60), respectively, and sensitivity of 72% (43 of 60) when used in combination. CONCLUSIONS The greater sensitivity and excellent specificity of second-generation recombinant antigen-based assays for detection of NMO-IgG in a clinical setting should enable earlier diagnosis of NMO spectrum disorders and prompt initiation of disease-appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Waters
- Neuroimmunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, UK.
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Anuja GI, Latha PG, Suja SR, Shyamal S, Shine VJ, Sini S, Pradeep S, Shikha P, Rajasekharan S. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 132:456-460. [PMID: 20732399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith (Polypodiaceae), has been widely used by ethnic groups of India to treat inflammation, rheumatism, headache, bone fracture, jaundice, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the ethanolic extract of rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia (DQ) and its phytochemical profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS DQ was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using carrageenan-induced paw oedema/cotton pellet-induced granuloma in Wistar rats and acetic acid-induced writhing/formalin-induced paw licking test in Swiss albino mice respectively. RESULTS Oral administration of DQ produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and granuloma formation in rats, almost comparable to that caused by indomethacin. DQ significantly attenuated acute and delayed phases of formalin-induced pain and acetic acid-induced writhing episodes in mice. The analgesia was comparable to that produced by sodium salicylate and aspirin respectively. Phytochemical analysis gave positive tests for catechin, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, saponin, steroids, tannins, and triterpenes. The total phenolics in DQ was 244 mg/g and naringin content was 0.048%. CONCLUSION The results suggest the presence of potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic principles in DQ that justifies its use for alleviating painful inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Anuja
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, Kerala, India
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Sreejith G, Latha PG, Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Suja SR, Sini S, Shyama S, Pradeep S, Shikha P, Rajasekharan S. Anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidperoxidant effects of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Indian J Exp Biol 2010; 48:494-498. [PMID: 20795367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cassia occidentalis Linn. mast cell degranulation at a dose of 250 mg/kg, showed dose dependent stabilizing activity towards human RBC, with is widely used in traditional medicine of India to treat a number of clinical conditions including allergy and inflammatory manifestations. In the present study anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of C. occidentalis whole plant ethanolic extract (CO) was investigated. Effects of CO on rat mast cell degranulation inhibition and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization were studied in vitro following standard methods. The anti lipidperoxidant effects of CO were also studied in vitro. Effect of CO on carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema inhibition was also assessed. CO significantly decreased maximum protection of 80.8% at 15 microg/ml. The extract also caused significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of murine hepatic microsomes at 100 microg/ml (56%) and significantly reduced carrageenan induced inflammation in mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Results of the present study indicated that CO inhibited mast cell degranulation, stabilized HRBC membrane thereby alleviating immediate hypersensitivity besides showing anti oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sreejith
- Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai 629 153, India
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Shyamal S, Latha PG, Suja SR, Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Sini S, Pradeep S, Shikha P, Rajasekharan S. Hepatoprotective effect of three herbal extracts on aflatoxin B1-intoxicated rat liver. Singapore Med J 2010; 51:326-331. [PMID: 20505912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Roots of Ixora coccinea (Rubiaceae), and Rhinacanthus nasuta (Acanthaceae) and whole plants of Spilanthes ciliata (Asteraceae) are extensively used by tribal communities in South India to treat liver diseases. However, the veracity of these tribal claims has not been investigated scientifically using the liver toxin, aflatoxin. This study reports on the protective effects of these three herbal ethanolic extracts on the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-intoxicated livers of albino male Wistar rats. METHODS Biochemical parameters, including serum hepatic enzymes (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), were studied. Hepatic tissues were processed for assay of reduced glutathione (GSH) and histological alterations. RESULTS Pre-treatment of the rats with oral administration of the plant ethanolic extracts, Ixora coccinea (IC), Rhinacanthus nasuta (RN), Spilanthes ciliata (SC), prior to AFB1 was found to provide significant protection against toxin-induced liver damage, determined 72 hours after the AFB1 challenge (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) as evidenced by a significant lowering of the activity of the serum enzymes and enhanced hepatic reduced GSH status. Pathological examination of the liver tissues supported the biochemical findings. The three plant extracts, IC, RN and SC, showed significant antilipid peroxidant effects in vitro. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the hepatoprotective effects of the three plant extracts observed in this study might result from their potent antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shyamal
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, India
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Shine VJ, Latha PG, Shyamal S, Suja SR, Anuja GI, Sini S, Pradeep S, Rajasekharan S. Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities of Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms. in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 125:350-355. [PMID: 19397987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms. (Menispermaceae), locally called 'Padathaali/Padakizhangu' is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat peptic ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of Cyclea peltata. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract of Cyclea peltata root was used to evaluate its gastric antisecretory and antiulcer effect in the pylorus-ligated rat model and gastric lesions induced by ethanol or ethanol and indomethacin respectively in rats. The levels of gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), malondialdehyde, protein and catalase activity in the stomach samples of Cyclea peltata treated and control groups of rats were also quantified. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of Cyclea peltata roots showed significant antisecretory activity as evidenced by decreased pepsin secretion, gastric juice volume and acid output in pylorus-ligated rats. Pretreatment with Cyclea peltata extract provided significant protection against the peptic ulceration caused by ethanol administered individually, or in combination with indomethacin. Our studies also revealed that pretreatment with Cyclea peltata significantly increased the gastric protein and catalase concentration of ethanol treated rats. Further, it showed significant gastroprotective effects on the stomach wall of ethanol or ethanol and indomethacin treated rats by decreasing malondialdehyde level, increasing the gastric wall mucus and non-protein sulfhydryl groups. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrate that Cyclea peltata ethanolic extract has potent antisecretory and antiulcer effects and justify the traditional/ethnic usage of this herb to treat peptic ulcers and consequent stomach ache.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Shine
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Trivandrum 695 562, India
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Sreedevi CD, Latha PG, Ancy P, Suja SR, Shyamal S, Shine VJ, Sini S, Anuja GI, Rajasekharan S. Hepatoprotective studies on Sida acuta Burm. f. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124:171-175. [PMID: 19422907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) is used in Indian traditional medicine to treat liver disorders and is useful in treating nervous and urinary diseases and also disorders of the blood and bile. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of the hepatoprotective properties of the methanolic extract of the root of Sida acuta (SA) and the phytochemical analysis of SA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats, liver histopathological observations, hexobarbitone-induced narcosis and in vitro anti-lipid peroxidation studies were employed to assess the hepatoprotective efficacy of SA. Phytochemical assay of SA was conducted following standard protocols. RESULTS Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by paracetamol overdose as evident from decreased serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in the SA treated groups (50, 100, 200mg/kg) compared to the intoxicated controls. The hepatoprotective effect was further verified by histopathology of the liver. Pretreatment with Sida acuta extract significantly shortened the duration of hexobarbitone-induced narcosis in mice indicating its hepatoprotective potential. Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of the phenolic compound, ferulic acid in the root of Sida acuta, which accounts for the significant hepatoprotective effects observed in the present study. CONCLUSION The present study thus provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Sreedevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam 686 666, India
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Krishnakumar NM, Latha PG, Suja SR, Shine VJ, Shyamal S, Anuja GI, Sini S, Pradeep S, Shikha P, Unni PKS, Rajasekharan S. Hepatoprotective effect of Hibiscus hispidissimus Griffith, ethanolic extract in paracetamol and CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2008; 46:653-659. [PMID: 18949895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff. is used in tribal medicine of Kerala, the southern most state of India, to treat liver diseases. In the present study, the effect of the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus hispidissimus whole plant on paracetamol (PCM)-induced and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in healthy Wistar albino rats was studied. The results showed that significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by PCM and CCl4 as evidenced by decreased levels of serum enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SAKP), serum bilirubin (SB) and an almost normal histological architecture of the liver of the treated groups compared to the toxin controls. The extract also showed significant antilipid peroxidant effects in vitro, besides exhibiting significant activity in quenching 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, indicating its potent antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Krishnakumar
- Presentation College of Applied Sciences, Puthenvelikkara, Ernakulam 683 594, India
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40
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Shyamal S, Latha PG, Shine VJ, Suja SR, Rajasekharan S, Ganga Devi T. Hepatoprotective effects of Pittosporum neelgherrense Wight&Arn., a popular Indian ethnomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 107:151-5. [PMID: 16621375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark of Pittosporum neelgherrense Wight&Arn. is used by the Kani and Malapandaram tribes of Kerala as an effective antidote to snake bite and for the treatment of various hepatic disorders. In the present study, the effect of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Pittosporum neelgherrense was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-, d-galactosamine (D-GalN)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by all the three liver toxins, as evident from decreased levels of serum enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and an almost normal architecture of the liver in the treated groups, compared to the toxin controls. Thus the present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shyamal
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Trivandrum, India
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41
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Evans DA, Rajasekharan S, Subramoniam A. Enhancement in the absorption of water and electrolytes from rat intestine byHemidesmus indicus R. Br. root(water extract). Phytother Res 2004; 18:511-5. [PMID: 15305307 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmus indicus root in the form of suspension in water (10 mg/ml) containing 15.5 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl and 12 mM glucose, when injected into the ligated jejunal sac (1 ml/sac) of rat, increased the absorption of water, Na(+) and K(+) (but not glucose) from the sac. This bioactivity was present in the water extract (5 or 10 mg/sac) of the root and not in the hexane extract. In contrast, the ethanol extract decreased the absorption of water and electrolytes from the jejunal sac. The effect of water extract was not affected by heat at 100 degrees C for 30 min. Intraperitoneal administration of the water extract (50 to 200 mg/kg) was devoid of any significant effect on the jejunal absorption. Neither the root suspension nor the water extract (125-500 mg/kg) showed any significant anti-ulcer and diuretic activities in rats. The intestinal motility was also not influenced by the root (water extract) when tested in mice. The present study indicates that H. indicus root powder or its water extract can be incorporated in oral rehydrating salt solution (ORS) for increasing its anti-diarrhoeal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Evans
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, India
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Suja SR, Latha PG, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92:61-66. [PMID: 15099849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 11/13/2003] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) are used by the Kattunaikan tribe of Kerala, for the treatment of various hepatic disorders. In the present study, the effect of the methanolic extract of Helminthostachys zeylanica rhizomes on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in Wistar rats was studied. The results showed that significant hepatoprotective effect was obtained against CCl4-induced liver damage, by oral administration of Helminthostachys zeylanica methanolic extract as evident from decreased levels of serum enzymes and an almost normal architecture of the liver, in the treated groups, compared to the controls. The extract was effective in increasing the choleretic activity of anaesthetised normal rats. It also shortened hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time in mice, which was increased by CCl4 treatment, besides showing significant antilipid peroxidant effect in vitro. Thus, the present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Suja
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, India
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43
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Latha PG, Suja S, Panikkar KR, Rajasekharan S. Modulatory effects of lxora coccinea flower on Cyclophosphamidetoxicity in tumour bearing mice. Anc Sci Life 2004; 23:23-9. [PMID: 22557138 PMCID: PMC3330984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The active fraction (AF) from lxora coccinea flowers prevented the decrease in haemoglobin levels and leucocyte counts of Dalton's lymphoma tumour bearing mice, treated with cyclophosphamide (CYP). It also significantly increased the life span of tumour bearing mice, treated with cyclophosphamide. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAKP) levels of tumour bearing mice treated with CYP were decreased significantly by combination therapy with I.coccinea AF. indicating protection against hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Latha
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Trivandrum - 695 562, India
| | - S.R. Suja
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Trivandrum - 695 562, India
| | - K R Panikkar
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Trivandrum - 695 562, India
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Trivandrum - 695 562, India
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Kambhampati C, Rajasekharan S. A human motor control perspective to multiple manipulator modelling. Biol Cybern 2003; 89:254-263. [PMID: 14605890 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-003-0427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2001] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the aspects involved in modelling a multi-robot system from a human motor control perspective. The human motor control system has a hierarchical and decentralised structure, and building a control system for a multi-robot system that attains human features would require a decomposable model. Decomposition of a complex robotic system is difficult due to the interactions between the subsystems, so these have to be first separated before the system is modelled. The proposed method of separating the interconnections is applied with the aid of fuzzy modelling to derive a fully decomposable model of two manipulator robots handling a common object.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kambhampati
- Neural, Emergent and Agent Technologies, Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, UK.
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Subramoniam A, Evans DA, Valsaraj R, Rajasekharan S, Pushpangadan P. Inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized mast cells by Trichopus zeylanicus in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 68:137-43. [PMID: 10624873 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of mice with Trichopus zeylanicus leaf resulted in inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized peritoneal mast cells. Further, it reduced the ratio of mast cells in the peritoneal exudate cells. The plant drug treatment did not protect mice from E. coli-induced abdominal sepsis. Studies in rats using mesenteric mast cells confirmed the above mast cell-stabilizing property of T. zeylanicus. This activity was found in the butanol fraction of methanol extract of T. zeylanicus leaf. The treatment with this fraction also reduced the number of rat mesenteric mast cells. However, the in vitro treatment of the mast cells with the butanol fraction did not inhibit antigen-induced degranulation of the mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramoniam
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India
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46
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Subramoniam A, Evans DA, Rajasekharan S, Pushpangadan P. Hepatoprotective activity of Trichopus zeylanicus extract against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1998; 36:385-9. [PMID: 9717449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichopus zeylanicus extract has been evaluated for its antihepatotoxic and choleretic activities in rats. The plant leaf suspension (1000 mg/kg; wet weight) as well as its methanol extract (100 mg/kg) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity as judged from the serum marker enzymes, liver histology and levels of lipid peroxides in liver. The effect of the methanol extract was found to be concentration dependent. The water and hexane extracts were almost inactive. The methanol extract (100 mg/kg) also exhibited choleretic activity in anesthetized normal rats. In short, we report here for the first time the antihepatotoxic as well as choleretic properties of T. zeylanicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramoniam
- Ethnopharmacology and Ethnomedicine Divisions, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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47
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Somanadhan B, Smitt UW, George V, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S, Duus JO, Nyman U, Olsen CE, Jaroszewski JW. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from Jasminum azoricum and Jasminum grandiflorum. Planta Med 1998; 64:246-250. [PMID: 9581523 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts of the aerial parts of Jasminum azoricum var. travancorense, using an in vitro ACE inhibition assay, led to isolation of three oligomeric, iridoid-type compounds, which were named sambacein I-III. Their structures are based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Similarly, fractionation of extracts of aerial parts of J. grandiflorum resulted in the isolation of the previously reported ACE inhibitor, oleacein. The IC50 values of purified ACE inhibitors were 26-36 microM. Moreover, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethanol, isoquercitrin and ursolic acid were isolated from J. grandiflorum. Sambaceins and oleacein are formed from genuine iridoid glucosides during processing of the plant material. NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the level of the ACE inhibitors in the traditional medicines prepared in Kerala from these Jasminum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Somanadhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Nyman U, Joshi P, Madsen LB, Pedersen TB, Pinstrup M, Rajasekharan S, George V, Pushpangadan P. Ethnomedical information and in vitro screening for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition of plants utilized as traditional medicines in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Kerala (India). J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 60:247-263. [PMID: 9613838 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilized as traditional medicines in India have been investigated for their ability to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). In total, 75 species belonging to 42 families have been investigated and new ethnomedical information has been obtained for 41 species. Four species were found to possess a high ACE inhibiting ability and were low in their tannin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Nyman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Administration of Trichopus zeylanicus leaf (ethanol extract) to male mice stimulated their sexual behaviour as evidenced by an increase in number of mounts and mating performance. This activity of the ethanol extract was concentration dependent and destroyed by heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 15 min. Although oral administration of a single dose (200 mg/kg) was effective, daily administration of the extract for 6 days was found to be more effective. The pups fathered by the drug treated mice were found to be normal with reference to foetal growth, litter size and sex ratio. The water as well as n-hexane extracts of the plant leaf were inactive. The present study reveals for the first time the aphrodisiac activity of Trichopus zeylanicus, an endemic herb of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramoniam
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Tropical Botonic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode, Kerala State, India
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Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S, Evans DA, Latha PG, Valsaraj R. Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 50:13-7. [PMID: 8778502 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia pallens Wall. (used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus) led to significant blood glucose lowering effect in glucose-fed hyperglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This effect of the extract was dose dependent and significant at 100 mg/kg level in glucose-fed rats. In fasted normal rats, the extract caused a moderate hypoglycaemic effect at a higher dose (1000 mg/kg). The water extract (1000 mg/kg) was inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subramoniam
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Kerala, India
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