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Pytlowany A, Leja N, Kent S. Comparing Drug Shortages Experienced by Institutions With National Metrics. Oncologist 2024:oyad350. [PMID: 38366856 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug shortages have increasingly posed challenges to providers, pharmacists, and patients for more than 20 years. Regardless of the underlying causes, for which there does not appear to be a solution in sight, healthcare providers and patients must deal with the consequences. There is often conflicting and confusing information published that confuses everyone. This article describes the reasons for conflicting information from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pytlowany
- Pharmacy Department, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noah Leja
- Pharmacy Department, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley Kent
- Pharmacy Department, University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kent S, Adatia A, James P, Bains K, Henry A, Blore C, Dawoud B, Kumar D, Jefferies C, Kyzas P. Risk factors associated with short-term complications in mandibular fractures: the MANTRA study-a Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC). Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 27:609-616. [PMID: 35788932 PMCID: PMC10684408 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complications following mandibular fractures occur in 9-23% of patients. Identifying those at risk is key to prevention. Previous studies highlighted smoking, age and time from injury to presentation as risk factors but rarely recorded other possible confounders. In this paper, we use a collaborative snapshot audit to document novel risk factors and confirm established risks for complications following the treatment of mandibular fractures. METHODS The audit was carried out by 122 OMFS trainees across the UK and Ireland (49 centres) over 6 months, coordinated by the Maxillofacial Surgery Trainees Research Collaborative. Variables recorded included basic demography, medical and social history, injury mechanism and type, management and 30-day outcome. RESULTS Nine hundred and forty-seven (947) patients with fractured mandibles were recorded. Surgical management was carried out in 76.3%. Complications at 30 days occurred 65 (9%) of those who were managed surgically. Risk factors for complications included male sex, increasing age, any medical history, increasing number of cigarettes smoked per week, increasing alcohol use per week, worse oral hygiene and increased time from injury to presentation. DISCUSSION We have used a large prospective snapshot audit to confirm established risk factors and identify novel risk factors. We demonstrate that time from injury to presentation is confounded by other indicators of poor health behaviour. These results are important in designing trial protocols for management of mandibular fractures and in targeting health interventions to patients at highest risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kent
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
| | - A Adatia
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - P James
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - K Bains
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Henry
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - C Blore
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stafford, UK
| | - B Dawoud
- North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester , UK
| | - D Kumar
- Liverpool Medical School, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Jefferies
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - P Kyzas
- Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK
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Hughes D, Ng SM, Smyth D, Patel H, Kent S, Henry A, Blore C, Dawoud B, Kumar D, Jefferies C, Kyzas P, Collaborators MTR. Emergency versus semi-elective management of mandible fractures: a Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:461-468. [PMID: 35904336 PMCID: PMC10149241 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that acute emergency management of mandible fractures does not improve surgical outcomes yet is associated with increased financial burden. Current NHS policy advocating for increased adoption of day-case and semi-elective surgical procedures to reduce bed strain must be balanced with providing timely, effective treatment. Our research aims to determine patient groups currently managed via semi-elective admission and whether this can be extended to other groups to provide safe and effective management of mandible fractures. METHODS A multi-national trainee-led audit of mandibular fractures across 49 units was completed by the Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC). Each unit prospectively collected data on fractures on admission and at follow-up. Data collected included patient demographics, behaviour, health, injury, timing to intervention and surgical complications. RESULTS Data were collected on 947 mandibular fractures. Of the surgically managed patients, 649 (90%) were managed via acute emergency admission at the time of presentation, while 68 (10%) were managed semi-electively. Patient demographics, injury pattern and mechanism appeared to significantly affect timing of management, whereas patient behaviour, health status, timing of injury and presentation did not. Semi-elective management was associated with a significantly shorter inpatient duration (0.9 versus 1.9 days, p=0.000) with no differences in readmission, antibiotic usage or surgical complications (p=1.000, RR 1.030). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the efficacy of planned admissions and semi-elective management of mandibular fractures. Simple mandibular fractures in compliant patients are suitable for semi-elective treatment. Holistic patient assessment and tailored surgical planning is crucial in determining admission modality to effectively manage mandibular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SM Ng
- Kings College Hospital, UK
| | | | | | - S Kent
- University Hospital of Wales, UK
| | - A Henry
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Merthyr Tydfil, UK
| | - C Blore
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - D Kumar
- Liverpool Medical School, UK
| | | | - P Kyzas
- East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Es Dawoud B, Kent S, Henry A, McDonald C, Kyzas P, McCaul J, Ng T, Kawalec A, Gowrishankar S, Grant J, Elledge R, Mohindra A, Madattigowda R, O'Connor R, Tudor-Green B, Tavakoli M, Garg M, Wareing J, Kulkarni R, Exley R, Wicks C, Mitchell O, Maarouf M, Chohan P, Otukoya R, Wu E, Farooq S, Uppal S, Shaheen S, Reedy N, Vithalani G, Underwood C, Swain A, Brewer E, Cairns M, Logan G, Cashman H, Wareing S, King H, Stevenson S, Collins T, Davies R, Baniulyte G, Watson M, Murray S, Stephanus Brandsma D, Stiles E, Davies L, Nandra B, King S, Regan A, Hennedige A, McCaul J. Predictors and risk factors for admission to critical care in cervicofacial infections: a Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 61:78-83. [PMID: 36513528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cervicofacial infections carry significant morbidity. Patients present on a broad spectrum of severity, with some requiring outpatient management and others admission to higher level care. Recognition of risk factors is helpful in decision making regarding the need for admission to higher level care. Prospective data were captured on 1002 patients in 25 centres across 17 regions of the United Kingdom (UK) by the Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC). Patients admitted to critical care were compared with those who received ward-level care. Multivariate and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to identify predictors for critical care admission. Our results show that the best predictor for critical care admission is the presence of three or more features of airway compromise (AUC 0.779), followed by C-reactive protein (CRP) >100 mg/L (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.59 to 4.58; p < 0.005), submandibular space involvement (OR 3.82; 95% CI 1.870 to 7.81; p = 0.003), white cell count (WCC) >12 × 109/ dl (1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10; p = 0.03), and positive systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria (OR 2.78; CI 1.35 to 5.80; p = 0.006). Admission to critical care is multifactorial, however, the presence of three or more features of airway compromise is the best predictor. Awareness of this alongside other key clinical findings in cervicofacial infections may allow for the early recognition of patients who may require escalation to critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Es Dawoud
- Maxillofacial surgery Trainees Research Collaborative, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - S Kent
- Maxillofacial surgery Trainees Research Collaborative, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - A Henry
- Maxillofacial surgery Trainees Research Collaborative, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - C McDonald
- Maxillofacial surgery Trainees Research Collaborative, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - P Kyzas
- Maxillofacial surgery Trainees Research Collaborative, East Lancashire Teaching Hospital Trust, United Kingdom
| | - J McCaul
- Maxillofacial surgery Trainees Research Collaborative, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Dawoud BES, Kent S, Tabbenor O, Markose G, Java K, Kyzas P. Does anticoagulation improve outcomes of microvascular free flap reconstruction following head and neck surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 60:1292-1302. [PMID: 36328862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The commonest cause of microvascular free flap failure is thrombosis at the anastomosis. Pharmacological antithrombotic therapies have been used to mitigate this risk, but they carry the risk of bleeding and haematoma formation. To justify any intervention, it is necessary to evaluate the benefits and balance of risks. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the value of systemic anticoagulation during head and neck free tissue reconstruction. We performed a systematic review on the impact of additional prophylactic antithrombotic therapy on head and neck (H&N) free tissue transfer (on top and above the use of low molecular weight heparin to prevent deep vein thrombosis). We carried a PRISMA-guided literature review, following registration with PROSPERO. All studies analysing the possible impact of prophylactic anticoagulants on free flap surgery in the head and neck were eligible. The primary outcome was perioperative free flap complications (perioperative thrombosis, partial or total free flap failure, thrombo-embolic events, or re-exploration of anastomosis). Secondary outcomes included haematoma formation or bleeding complications requiring further intervention. We identified eight eligible studies out of 454. These included 3531 free flaps for H&N reconstruction. None of the assessed interventions demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in free flap outcomes. Accumulative analysis of all anti-coagulated groups demonstrated an increased relative risk of free flap complications [RR 1.54 (0.73-3.23)] compared to control albeit not statistically significant (p = 0.25). Pooled analysis from the included studies showed that the prophylactic use of therapeutic doses of anticoagulants significantly (p = 0.003) increased the risk of haematoma and bleeding requiring intervention [RR 2.98 (1.47-6.07)], without reducing the risk of free flap failure. Additional anticoagulation does not reduce the incidence of free flap thrombosis and failure. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) consistently increased the risk of free flap complications. The use of additional anticoagulation as 'prophylaxis' in the perioperative setting, increases the risk of haematoma and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E S Dawoud
- Specialty Trainee Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - S Kent
- Specialty Trainee Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - O Tabbenor
- Specialty Trainee Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - G Markose
- Consultant Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - K Java
- Consultant Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - P Kyzas
- Consultant Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust - University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom.
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Phelan A, Louise D, Alice C, Kent S, Naughton C, Tuohy D, Ryan A, Byrne M. 79 EXPERIENCES OF DIRECTORS OF NURSING IN RESIDENTIAL CARE OF OLDER PEOPLE DURING COVID 19. Age Ageing 2022. [PMCID: PMC9620292 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 was a global public health crisis and deaths in the over 65 age group represented a disproportionate number of deaths in older people. In particular, nursing homes experienced clusters of infection and high mortality rates. This paper discusses experiences of care homes’ Directors of Nursing/Persons in Charge (DoN) in their preparedness, management and control of care during COVID-19. Methods A mixed methods approach was used (survey- n=122) and semi-structured interviews (n=20) were conducted with DoNs in private and voluntary older person care homes in the Republic of Ireland. Survey data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interviews were analysed using Braun & Clarke's thematic analysis. Results DoNs demonstrated an initial challenge in protecting residents from infection and also managing infection outbreak. However, over time they experienced more effectiveness in managing infection prevention and control as demanded at the level of a pandemic. Fifty percent of respondents experienced an infection outbreak and the data does not demonstrate any significant difference in preparedness and management in care homes which had outbreaks and those who had no outbreaks. Other challenges were related to financial sustainability of their facility while 47% of DoNs were either actively seeking other work, or thinking of leaving their post. In the interviews, the DoNs spoke of persistent concerns with the well-being of the staff and residents and a constant worry about meeting regulatory requirements and ensuring adequate staff cover for residents care needs. Moreover, the DoNs spoke of the difficulties when the media sensationalized poor care leading to a reduction of public confidence in the sector. Conclusion The DoNs were under constant alert and although had acclimatized to high level of infection control and prevention and managing emerging issues, the strain of the pandemic remained evident. Recommendations are given related to care homes and related to system level management for future public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phelan
- Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Louise
- Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Alice
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Kent
- Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Naughton
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Tuohy
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Ryan
- Ulster University , Belfast, Ireland
| | - M Byrne
- Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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Kumar D, Kent S, Dawoud B, Kysas P. 1616 Antibiotic Use in The Management of Mandibular Fractures: A Survey of Current Practice in the UK. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Traumatic mandibular fractures account for a significant proportion of UK oral and maxillofacial trauma. Prophylactic antibiotics is standard practice for management of these patients, however evidence for this is weak and relevant RCTs are insufficiently powered or poorly designed. The Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) aims to survey current antibiotic regimens in UK OMFS units treating mandibular trauma,
Method
A multicentre online survey was shared via email and social media. Questions focused on current practices regarding management of mandibular fractures during pre-, peri-, and post-operative phases.
Results
89 responses from 50 UK OMFS units including 76 trainees and 4 consultants were collated over 2.5-months. 45 units routinely admitted patients; 88% clinicians starting pre-operative IV antibiotics;11 different pre-operative antibiotic regimens were identified across all surveyed clinicians, with 65% prescribing Augmentin, and remaining 35% using variable combinations of penicillins with 4 other antibiotic classifications. 5 different protocols were identified in use across the 88.8 % of respondents who chose to prescribe post-operative antibiotics.
Conclusions
There is inter-unit and inter-clinician variability in prophylactic antibiotic prescription in UK patients undergoing ORIF mandibles. Given antimicrobial resistance has been declared a WHO public health threat, efforts must be made to reduce antibiotic overuse and understand regional situation specific sensitivities. The survey highlights need for nationalised protocols for antibiotics use in mandibular fractures, if at all. This survey of clinician reported practice will be used to inform a prospective observational study on 30-day outcomes of ORIF mandibles taking into account patient factors, fracture pattern, fixation type and antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumar
- Liverpool Medical School, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Kent
- Cardiff Hospital, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - B Dawoud
- Pennine Acute Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Kysas
- East Lancashire Hospital Trust, Blackburn, United Kingdom
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Kumar D, Dawoud BES, Kent S, MTReC, Kyzas P. Antibiotic practices in non-condylar mandibular fractures: a Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) UK-wide survey. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 60:291-294. [PMID: 34838340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-condylar mandibular fractures are consdered 'open' fractures and as such are thought to require prophylactic antibiotics. There is no overall consensus on the optimal regimen or choice of antibiotic in the preoperative and postoperative periods due to a lack of high-quality evidence. We therefore set out to ascertain the current UK-wide practice of antibiotic prescribing for non-condylar mandibular fractures. We used a web-based online survey (Google Forms) that was disseminated via email and social media platforms to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) consultants and trainees of all grades. The questions focused on usual antibiotic practices and typical clinical management of non-condylar mandibular fractures. We gathered information on preoperative antibiotics, and on perioperative and postoperative periods. We collected data from 50 different UK OMFS units representing a broad snapshot of national practice. The majority of responders were speciality trainees (36%) followed by dental core trainees (34%). A total of 45/50 centres routinely admitted patients, and preoperative intravenous antibiotics were commenced on admission by 77/89 respondents, intravenous being the chosen route in all cases. In the preoperative period 81% prescribe co-amoxiclav. In 91% of cases, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was on general emergency (CEPOD) operating lists, whilst dedicated OMFS trauma lists accounted for 9%. With respect to timing, 49% aimed to carry out ORIF within 24 hours from the time of admission, 44% aimed for surgery within 24 - 48 hours, and 6% aimed for surgery on a semielective basis (48 hours or more). Postoperative antibiotics were prescribed routinely by 88% of responders. Preoperative intravenous prophylactic antibiotics are commonplace in non-condylar mandibular fractures. This UK-wide survey demonstrated significant variability in antibiotic prescribing practices, especially in the postoperative period. Most units still rely on CEPOD emergency theatres to provide the capacity for ORIF in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B E S Dawoud
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - S Kent
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
| | - MTReC
- Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative
| | - P Kyzas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust.
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Henry A, Dawoud B, Kent S, McDonald C, Logan G, Hennedige A, Exely R, Regan A, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Basyuni S, Young D, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. Clinical features and presentation of cervicofacial infection: a Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 59:433-438. [PMID: 33715891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervicofacial infection (CFI) is a common presentation to the Oral and Maxillofacial (OMFS) department and accounts for significant emergency activity. The current study aims to understand the aetiology, management, and clinical features of patients hospitalised with CFI. Our study included all patients admitted for management of CFI from May to October 2017 at 25 OMFS units across 17 UK regions. Data were collected prospectively and included age, comorbidities, prior treatment received, markers of sepsis, and presenting clinical features. One thousand and two (1002) admissions were recorded; 546 (54.5%) were male. Median (range) age was 34 (1-94) years. The most common presenting complaints were trismus (46%) and dysphagia (27%). Airway compromise was present in 1.7% of cases. Odontogenic infection accounted for 822/1002 (82%) admissions. Of those with an infection of odontogenic origin, 453/822 (55.1%) had received previous treatment. Two-thirds of those who had received treatment were managed by antibiotics alone (300/453, 66.2%). Patients met criteria for sepsis in 437/1002 (43.6%) of CFI, and in 374/822 (45.5%) of odontogenic infections. This is the largest study worldwide of patients requiring inpatient management for CFI. Infection due to odontogenic origin is the most frequent reason for admission and nearly half do not seek treatment before presentation. Patients with CFI often present late in their disease and frequently meet criteria for sepsis, requiring timely and aggressive treatment to ensure optimum outcomes. Trismus is an emerging dominant feature with all the implications related to the anaesthetic management of these patients. Knowledge of these factors has implications for the referrer, triage, the emergency department, the anaesthetic team, and members of the OMFS team.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henry
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom.
| | - B Dawoud
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Kent
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - C McDonald
- Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - G Logan
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Hennedige
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Exely
- Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Regan
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - R Kulkarni
- Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - K Gilbert
- The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Basyuni
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Young
- Department of Mathematics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P Kyzas
- East Lancashire Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - R Morrison
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - J McCaul
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Abbott T, Aguena M, Alarcon A, Allam S, Allen S, Annis J, Avila S, Bacon D, Bechtol K, Bermeo A, Bernstein G, Bertin E, Bhargava S, Bocquet S, Brooks D, Brout D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke D, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander F, Cawthon R, Chang C, Chen X, Choi A, Costanzi M, Crocce M, da Costa L, Davis T, De Vicente J, DeRose J, Desai S, Diehl H, Dietrich J, Dodelson S, Doel P, Drlica-Wagner A, Eckert K, Eifler T, Elvin-Poole J, Estrada J, Everett S, Evrard A, Farahi A, Ferrero I, Flaugher B, Fosalba P, Frieman J, García-Bellido J, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Giannantonio T, Giles P, Grandis S, Gruen D, Gruendl R, Gschwend J, Gutierrez G, Hartley W, Hinton S, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, Hoyle B, Huterer D, James D, Jarvis M, Jeltema T, Johnson M, Johnson M, Kent S, Krause E, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Li T, Lidman C, Lima M, Lin H, MacCrann N, Maia M, Mantz A, Marshall J, Martini P, Mayers J, Melchior P, Mena-Fernández J, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Mohr J, Nichol R, Nord B, Ogando R, Palmese A, Paz-Chinchón F, Plazas A, Prat J, Rau M, Romer A, Roodman A, Rooney P, Rozo E, Rykoff E, Sako M, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Sanchez E, Saro A, Scarpine V, Schubnell M, Scolnic D, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Sheldon E, Smith J, Smith M, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tarle G, Thomas D, To C, Troxel M, Tucker D, Varga T, von der Linden A, Walker A, Wechsler R, Weller J, Wilkinson R, Wu H, Yanny B, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zuntz J. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological constraints from cluster abundances and weak lensing. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.023509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lucarotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stanley Kent
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
PURPOSE Highly publicized safety issues arising from poor sterile compounding practices in facilities around the United States have garnered substantial attention in recent years. This attention has led to increased scrutiny of health systems by regulatory bodies, new regulatory requirements, and changes to existing regulations or their interpretation. Health systems are often resource constrained, and the added work resulting from this scrutiny challenges pharmacy departments in meeting regulatory requirements and United States Pharmacopeia chapter 797 standards for sterile compounding. This article describes the creation of a dedicated compounding compliance team (CCT) and the team's responsibilities in support of pharmacy operations in achieving compliance with those standards. SUMMARY Visits to our organization by several regulatory bodies resulted in findings that required substantial work in order to achieve compliance with sterile compounding standards. Given the number and complexity of findings and the need for timely resolution, it was felt that specialized staff were needed to understand, evaluate, and correct identified deficiencies and help the already overburdened staff and leadership comply with existing standards. A CCT was formed, and work was simultaneously initiated on ensuring proper credentialing and training of all compounding staff, development of standard operating procedures, improvements in facilities, environmental monitoring, equipment certifications, practice auditing, and documentation. Key activities of the team included strategic planning, building relationships, communicating with stakeholders, self-education, and record keeping. Key partners included environmental services, facilities, and infection prevention and control personnel and departmental staff and leaders. CONCLUSION The formation and collaborative work of a CCT at an academic medical center was successful in changing the culture of the organization and achieving compliance during visits from several regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Chaffee
- Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jamie C Tharp
- Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John S Clark
- Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stanley Kent
- Department of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, and College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Kent S, Morris S, Ananth S. Systematic review of thromboprophylaxis in patients having orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:396-403. [PMID: 32192762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery is an elective procedure that is done in healthy individuals so complications such as thromboembolic events are rare. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, which reduces the risk of these events, may also increase blood loss and potentially the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage, so a state of clinical equipoise exists about whether it should be given routinely. We systematically reviewed published papers to identify the incidence of venous thromboembolism and haemorrhage in patients treated by orthognathic surgery who were, and were not, given pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The pooled incidence of thromboembolic events was 0% in those who were, and 0.19% in those who were not. Return to theatre to control bleeding was required in 2.72% of the patients treated at centres where it was given, and in 0.55% at those where it was not. Small sample sizes, the heterogeneity of treatment protocols, and incomplete reporting made further statistical analysis impossible. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients who have orthognathic surgery is low when compared with the rest of the hospital population. Although pharmacological thromboprophylaxis may further reduce this, it can also increase blood loss, and uncertainty therefore remains over the best protocol for its routine use. The risk stratification of individual patients, and large randomised controlled trials are now required to establish the best treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kent
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea.
| | - S Morris
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea
| | - S Ananth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea
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Ammazzalorso S, Gruen D, Regis M, Camera S, Ando S, Fornengo N, Bechtol K, Bridle SL, Choi A, Eifler TF, Gatti M, MacCrann N, Omori Y, Samuroff S, Sheldon E, Troxel MA, Zuntz J, Carrasco Kind M, Annis J, Avila S, Bertin E, Brooks D, Burke DL, Carnero Rosell A, Carretero J, Castander FJ, Costanzi M, da Costa LN, De Vicente J, Desai S, Diehl HT, Dietrich JP, Doel P, Everett S, Flaugher B, Fosalba P, García-Bellido J, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes DW, Giannantonio T, Goldstein DA, Gruendl RA, Gutierrez G, Hollowood DL, Honscheid K, James DJ, Jarvis M, Jeltema T, Kent S, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Li TS, Lima M, Maia MAG, Marshall JL, Melchior P, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Ogando RLC, Palmese A, Plazas AA, Romer AK, Roodman A, Rykoff ES, Sánchez C, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Smith M, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Suchyta E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Thomas D, Vikram V, Zhang Y. Detection of Cross-Correlation between Gravitational Lensing and γ Rays. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:101102. [PMID: 32216401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many γ-ray sources have been identified, yet the unresolved component hosts valuable information on the faintest emission. In order to extract it, a cross-correlation with gravitational tracers of matter in the Universe has been shown to be a promising tool. We report here the first identification of a cross-correlation signal between γ rays and the distribution of mass in the Universe probed by weak gravitational lensing. We use data from the Dark Energy Survey Y1 weak lensing data and the Fermi Large Area Telescope 9-yr γ-ray data, obtaining a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.3. The signal is mostly localized at small angular scales and high γ-ray energies, with a hint of correlation at extended separation. Blazar emission is likely the origin of the small-scale effect. We investigate implications of the large-scale component in terms of astrophysical sources and particle dark matter emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ammazzalorso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gruen
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Regis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Camera
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INAF-Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, strada Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - S Ando
- GRAPPA Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - N Fornengo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Bechtol
- LSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - S L Bridle
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A Choi
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T F Eifler
- Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0065, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - M Gatti
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N MacCrann
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Y Omori
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Samuroff
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
| | - E Sheldon
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M A Troxel
- Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Zuntz
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Carrasco Kind
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J Annis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Avila
- Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Bertin
- CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - D Brooks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D L Burke
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Carnero Rosell
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
| | - J Carretero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F J Castander
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Costanzi
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Giambattista Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - L N da Costa
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
| | - J De Vicente
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Desai
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - H T Diehl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J P Dietrich
- Excellence Cluster Origins, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - P Doel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Everett
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - B Flaugher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Fosalba
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J García-Bellido
- Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gaztanaga
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D W Gerdes
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Giannantonio
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - D A Goldstein
- California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 249-17, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R A Gruendl
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D L Hollowood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D J James
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard-Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Jarvis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Jeltema
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - S Kent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - N Kuropatkin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Lahav
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T S Li
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Lima
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP, 05314-970, Brazil
| | - M A G Maia
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
| | - J L Marshall
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P Melchior
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Menanteau
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - R Miquel
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R L C Ogando
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
| | - A Palmese
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A A Plazas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A K Romer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Roodman
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E S Rykoff
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Sánchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Scarpine
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Serrano
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Sevilla-Noarbe
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares-Santos
- Brandeis University, Physics Department, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - F Sobreira
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Suchyta
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M E C Swanson
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Tarle
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Thomas
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - V Vikram
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Henry A, Logan G, McDonald C, Hennedige A, Kent S, Dawoud B, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Exley R, Basyuni S, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. How frequently is pus sent and how often does it change practice? A Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) Project. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Kent S, McDonald C, Hennedige A, Logan G, Henry A, Dawoud B, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Exley R, Basyuni S, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. Steroid use in cervicofacial infection. A Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) project. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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McDonald C, Hennedige A, Logan G, Kent S, Henry A, Dawoud B, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Exley R, Basyuni S, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. The development and progress of the maxillofacial trainee research collaborative (MTReC). How trainees can design and deliver national research projects. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dawoud B, McDonald C, Hennedige A, Logan G, Kent S, Henry A, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Exley R, Basyuni S, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. Demographic features of CERVicofacial infections. A maxillofacial trainee research collaborative (MTReC) project. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Logan G, McDonald C, Hennedige A, Kent S, Henry A, Dawoud B, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Exley R, Basyuni S, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. Airway problems and higher level care in cervicofacial infection. A Maxillofacial Trainee Research Collaborative (MTReC) Project. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abbott TMC, Alarcon A, Allam S, Andersen P, Andrade-Oliveira F, Annis J, Asorey J, Avila S, Bacon D, Banik N, Bassett BA, Baxter E, Bechtol K, Becker MR, Bernstein GM, Bertin E, Blazek J, Bridle SL, Brooks D, Brout D, Burke DL, Calcino J, Camacho H, Campos A, Carnero Rosell A, Carollo D, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander FJ, Cawthon R, Challis P, Chan KC, Chang C, Childress M, Crocce M, Cunha CE, D'Andrea CB, da Costa LN, Davis C, Davis TM, De Vicente J, DePoy DL, DeRose J, Desai S, Diehl HT, Dietrich JP, Dodelson S, Doel P, Drlica-Wagner A, Eifler TF, Elvin-Poole J, Estrada J, Evrard AE, Fernandez E, Flaugher B, Foley RJ, Fosalba P, Frieman J, Galbany L, García-Bellido J, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes DW, Giannantonio T, Glazebrook K, Goldstein DA, Gruen D, Gruendl RA, Gschwend J, Gutierrez G, Hartley WG, Hinton SR, Hollowood DL, Honscheid K, Hoormann JK, Hoyle B, Huterer D, Jain B, James DJ, Jarvis M, Jeltema T, Kasai E, Kent S, Kessler R, Kim AG, Kokron N, Krause E, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Lasker J, Lemos P, Lewis GF, Li TS, Lidman C, Lima M, Lin H, Macaulay E, MacCrann N, Maia MAG, March M, Marriner J, Marshall JL, Martini P, McMahon RG, Melchior P, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Mohr JJ, Morganson E, Muir J, Möller A, Neilsen E, Nichol RC, Nord B, Ogando RLC, Palmese A, Pan YC, Peiris HV, Percival WJ, Plazas AA, Porredon A, Prat J, Romer AK, Roodman A, Rosenfeld R, Ross AJ, Rykoff ES, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Schindler R, Schubnell M, Scolnic D, Secco LF, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Sharp R, Sheldon E, Smith M, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Sommer NE, Swann E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Thomas D, Thomas RC, Troxel MA, Tucker BE, Uddin SA, Vielzeuf P, Walker AR, Wang M, Weaverdyck N, Wechsler RH, Weller J, Yanny B, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zuntz J. Cosmological Constraints from Multiple Probes in the Dark Energy Survey. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:171301. [PMID: 31107093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The combination of multiple observational probes has long been advocated as a powerful technique to constrain cosmological parameters, in particular dark energy. The Dark Energy Survey has measured 207 spectroscopically confirmed type Ia supernova light curves, the baryon acoustic oscillation feature, weak gravitational lensing, and galaxy clustering. Here we present combined results from these probes, deriving constraints on the equation of state, w, of dark energy and its energy density in the Universe. Independently of other experiments, such as those that measure the cosmic microwave background, the probes from this single photometric survey rule out a Universe with no dark energy, finding w=-0.80_{-0.11}^{+0.09}. The geometry is shown to be consistent with a spatially flat Universe, and we obtain a constraint on the baryon density of Ω_{b}=0.069_{-0.012}^{+0.009} that is independent of early Universe measurements. These results demonstrate the potential power of large multiprobe photometric surveys and pave the way for order of magnitude advances in our constraints on properties of dark energy and cosmology over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M C Abbott
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - A Alarcon
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Allam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Andersen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- University of Copenhagen, Dark Cosmology Centre, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - F Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - J Annis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Asorey
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-348, Korea
| | - S Avila
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Bacon
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - N Banik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B A Bassett
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6 Melrose Road, Muizenberg 7945, South Africa
- South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O.Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa
| | - E Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - K Bechtol
- LSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - M R Becker
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G M Bernstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E Bertin
- CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - J Blazek
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - S L Bridle
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Brooks
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Brout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D L Burke
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Calcino
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - H Camacho
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil
| | - A Campos
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
| | - A Carnero Rosell
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Carollo
- INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - M Carrasco Kind
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J Carretero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - F J Castander
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Cawthon
- Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - P Challis
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - K C Chan
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Chang
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| | - M Childress
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| | - M Crocce
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C E Cunha
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| | - C B D'Andrea
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| | - L N da Costa
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
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| | - C Davis
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| | - T M Davis
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| | - J De Vicente
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| | - S Desai
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| | - J P Dietrich
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| | - J Elvin-Poole
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| | - J García-Bellido
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| | - M Gatti
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| | - E Gaztanaga
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| | - K Glazebrook
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| | - R A Gruendl
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| | - S R Hinton
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| | - D L Hollowood
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| | - K Honscheid
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| | - J K Hoormann
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| | - B Hoyle
- Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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| | - M Jarvis
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| | - T Jeltema
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| | - E Kasai
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| | - S Kent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R Kessler
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- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A G Kim
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| | - N Kokron
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| | - E Krause
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| | - R Kron
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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| | - K Kuehn
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| | - N Kuropatkin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Lahav
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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| | - T S Li
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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| | - C Lidman
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| | - M Lima
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| | - H Lin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Macaulay
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - N MacCrann
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- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M A G Maia
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R G McMahon
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
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- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Menanteau
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - R Miquel
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Mohr
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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| | - A Möller
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- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - B Nord
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| | - R L C Ogando
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
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| | - A Palmese
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| | - M Soares-Santos
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| | - F Sobreira
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| | - N E Sommer
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| | - B E Tucker
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| | - S A Uddin
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| | - A R Walker
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| | - M Wang
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| | - R H Wechsler
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| | - J Weller
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| | - B Yanny
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| | - B Zhang
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| | - Y Zhang
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| | - J Zuntz
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
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Rouyard T, Kent S, Baskerville R, Leal J, Gray A. Perceptions of risks for diabetes-related complications in Type 2 diabetes populations: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2017; 34:467-477. [PMID: 27864886 PMCID: PMC5363347 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM In Type 2 diabetes, there is no clear understanding of how people perceive their risk of experiencing diabetes-related complications. To address this issue, we undertook an evidence-based synthesis of how people with Type 2 diabetes perceive their risk of complications. METHODS We performed a systematic search of nine electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles published on or before 1 March 2016. Data from 18 studies reporting lay perceptions of risks for complications in Type 2 diabetes populations were included. Publication year ranged between 2002 and 2014. RESULTS Methods used to assess risk perceptions were heterogeneous, ranging from questionnaires measuring the accuracy of perceived risks to semi-structured and focus group interviews. We found evidence of low risk awareness in most dimensions of risk perceptions measured and the existence of optimistic bias. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions were generally biased and varied according to the dimension of risk measured, the subpopulation concerned and the type of complications considered. Future work is needed to identify the best practical ways of correcting for biased risk perceptions so as to encourage self-care behaviours and treatment adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Rouyard
- Health Economics Research CentreNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordUK
| | - S. Kent
- Health Economics Research CentreNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordUK
| | - R. Baskerville
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J. Leal
- Health Economics Research CentreNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordUK
| | - A. Gray
- Health Economics Research CentreNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordUK
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Kent S, Herbert C, Magennis P, Cleland J. What attracts people to a career in oral and maxillofacial surgery? A questionnaire survey. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:41-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Herbert C, Kent S, Magennis P, Cleland J. What causes trainees to leave oral and maxillofacial surgery? A questionnaire survey. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:37-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lawson KD, Lewsey JD, Ford I, Fox K, Ritchie LD, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Watt GCM, Woodward M, Kent S, Neilson M, Briggs AH. A cardiovascular disease policy model: part 2-preparing for economic evaluation and to assess health inequalities. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000140. [PMID: 27335653 PMCID: PMC4908904 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This is the second of the two papers introducing a cardiovascular disease (CVD) policy model. The first paper described the structure and statistical underpinning of the state-transition model, demonstrating how life expectancy estimates are generated for individuals defined by ASSIGN risk factors. This second paper describes how the model is prepared to undertake economic evaluation. Design To generate quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), the Scottish Health Survey was used to estimate background morbidity (health utilities) and the impact of CVD events (utility decrements). The SF-6D algorithm generated utilities and decrements were modelled using ordinary least squares (OLS). To generate lifetime hospital costs, the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) was linked to the Scottish morbidity and death records (SMR) to cost each continuous inpatient stay (CIS). OLS and restricted cubic splines estimated annual costs before and after each of the first four events. A Kaplan-Meier sample average (KMSA) estimator was then used to weight expected health-related quality of life and costs by the probability of survival. Results The policy model predicts the change in QALE and lifetime hospital costs as a result of an intervention(s) modifying risk factors. Cost-effectiveness analysis and a full uncertainty analysis can be undertaken, including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Notably, the impacts according to socioeconomic deprivation status can be made. Conclusions The policy model can conduct cost-effectiveness analysis and decision analysis to inform approaches to primary prevention, including individually targeted and population interventions, and to assess impacts on health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Lawson
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J D Lewsey
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment , Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - K Fox
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - L D Ritchie
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - H Tunstall-Pedoe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - G C M Watt
- General Practice & Primary Care , Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - M Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Kent
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment , Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - M Neilson
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment , Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - A H Briggs
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment , Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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Abstract
Fever has been recognized as an important symptom of disease since ancient times. For many years, fever was treated as a putative life-threatening phenomenon. More recently, it has been recognized as an important part of the body's defense mechanisms; indeed at times it has even been used as a therapeutic agent. The knowledge of the functional role of the central nervous system in the genesis of fever has greatly improved over the last decade. It is clear that the febrile process, which develops in the sick individual, is just one of many brain-controlled sickness symptoms. Not only will the sick individual appear "feverish" but they may also display a range of behavioral changes, such as anorexia, fatigue, loss of interest in usual daily activities, social withdrawal, listlessness or malaise, hyperalgesia, sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction, collectively termed "sickness behavior". In this review we consider the issue of whether fever and sickness behaviors are friend or foe during: a critical illness, the common cold or influenza, in pregnancy and in the newborn. Deciding whether these sickness responses are beneficial or harmful will very much shape our approach to the use of antipyretics during illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - S Kent
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Q J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Flaugher B, Diehl HT, Honscheid K, Abbott TMC, Alvarez O, Angstadt R, Annis JT, Antonik M, Ballester O, Beaufore L, Bernstein GM, Bernstein RA, Bigelow B, Bonati M, Boprie D, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer EJ, Campa J, Cardiel-Sas L, Castander FJ, Castilla J, Cease H, Cela-Ruiz JM, Chappa S, Chi E, Cooper C, da Costa LN, Dede E, Derylo G, DePoy DL, de Vicente J, Doel P, Drlica-Wagner A, Eiting J, Elliott AE, Emes J, Estrada J, Fausti Neto A, Finley DA, Flores R, Frieman J, Gerdes D, Gladders MD, Gregory B, Gutierrez GR, Hao J, Holland SE, Holm S, Huffman D, Jackson C, James DJ, Jonas M, Karcher A, Karliner I, Kent S, Kessler R, Kozlovsky M, Kron RG, Kubik D, Kuehn K, Kuhlmann S, Kuk K, Lahav O, Lathrop A, Lee J, Levi ME, Lewis P, Li TS, Mandrichenko I, Marshall JL, Martinez G, Merritt KW, Miquel R, Muñoz F, Neilsen EH, Nichol RC, Nord B, Ogando R, Olsen J, Palaio N, Patton K, Peoples J, Plazas AA, Rauch J, Reil K, Rheault JP, Roe NA, Rogers H, Roodman A, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Schindler RH, Schmidt R, Schmitt R, Schubnell M, Schultz K, Schurter P, Scott L, Serrano S, Shaw TM, Smith RC, Soares-Santos M, Stefanik A, Stuermer W, Suchyta E, Sypniewski A, Tarle G, Thaler J, Tighe R, Tran C, Tucker D, Walker AR, Wang G, Watson M, Weaverdyck C, Wester W, Woods R, Yanny B. THE DARK ENERGY CAMERA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/150/5/150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Drlica-Wagner A, Albert A, Bechtol K, Wood M, Strigari L, Sánchez-Conde M, Baldini L, Essig R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Anderson B, Bellazzini R, Bloom ED, Caputo R, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chiang J, Angelis AD, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Kuss M, Loparco F, Lubrano P, Mirabal N, Mizuno T, Morselli A, Ohsugi T, Orlando E, Persic M, Rainò S, Sehgal N, Spada F, Suson DJ, Zaharijas G, Zimmer S, Abbott T, Allam S, Balbinot E, Bauer AH, Benoit-Lévy A, Bernstein RA, Bernstein GM, Bertin E, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke DL, Rosell AC, Castander FJ, Covarrubias R, D’Andrea CB, Costa LND, DePoy DL, Desai S, Diehl HT, Cunha CE, Eifler TF, Estrada J, Evrard AE, Neto AF, Fernandez E, Finley DA, Flaugher B, Frieman J, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Gruen D, Gruendl RA, Gutierrez G, Honscheid K, Jain B, James D, Jeltema T, Kent S, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Li TS, Luque E, Maia MAG, Makler M, March M, Marshall J, Martini P, Merritt KW, Miller C, Miquel R, Mohr J, Neilsen E, Nord B, Ogando R, Peoples J, Petravick D, Pieres A, Plazas AA, Queiroz A, Romer AK, Roodman A, Rykoff ES, Sako M, Sanchez E, Santiago B, Scarpine V, Schubnell M, Sevilla I, Smith RC, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Suchyta E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Thaler J, Thomas D, Tucker D, Walker AR, Wechsler RH, Wester W, Williams P, Yanny B, Zuntz J. SEARCH FOR GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM DES DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY CANDIDATES WITH
FERMI
-LAT DATA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/809/1/l4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chang C, Vikram V, Jain B, Bacon D, Amara A, Becker MR, Bernstein G, Bonnett C, Bridle S, Brout D, Busha M, Frieman J, Gaztanaga E, Hartley W, Jarvis M, Kacprzak T, Kovács A, Lahav O, Lin H, Melchior P, Peiris H, Rozo E, Rykoff E, Sánchez C, Sheldon E, Troxel MA, Wechsler R, Zuntz J, Abbott T, Abdalla FB, Allam S, Annis J, Bauer AH, Benoit-Lévy A, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke DL, Capozzi D, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Castander FJ, Crocce M, D'Andrea CB, Desai S, Diehl HT, Dietrich JP, Doel P, Eifler TF, Evrard AE, Fausti Neto A, Flaugher B, Fosalba P, Gruen D, Gruendl RA, Gutierrez G, Honscheid K, James D, Kent S, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Maia MAG, March M, Martini P, Merritt KW, Miller CJ, Miquel R, Neilsen E, Nichol RC, Ogando R, Plazas AA, Romer AK, Roodman A, Sako M, Sanchez E, Sevilla I, Smith RC, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Suchyta E, Tarle G, Thaler J, Thomas D, Tucker D, Walker AR. Wide-Field Lensing Mass Maps from Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:051301. [PMID: 26274409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a mass map reconstructed from weak gravitational lensing shear measurements over 139 deg2 from the Dark Energy Survey science verification data. The mass map probes both luminous and dark matter, thus providing a tool for studying cosmology. We find good agreement between the mass map and the distribution of massive galaxy clusters identified using a red-sequence cluster finder. Potential candidates for superclusters and voids are identified using these maps. We measure the cross-correlation between the mass map and a magnitude-limited foreground galaxy sample and find a detection at the 6.8σ level with 20 arc min smoothing. These measurements are consistent with simulated galaxy catalogs based on N-body simulations from a cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant. This suggests low systematics uncertainties in the map. We summarize our key findings in this Letter; the detailed methodology and tests for systematics are presented in a companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Vikram
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Jain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Amara
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M R Becker
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Bernstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - C Bonnett
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Bridle
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Brout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Busha
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Frieman
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Gaztanaga
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Hartley
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Jarvis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kacprzak
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Kovács
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Lahav
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - H Lin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Melchior
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Peiris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Rozo
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, 1118 East Fourth Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - E Rykoff
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Sánchez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Sheldon
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M A Troxel
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Wechsler
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Zuntz
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T Abbott
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - F B Abdalla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S Allam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Annis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A H Bauer
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Benoit-Lévy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Brooks
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Buckley-Geer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D L Burke
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Capozzi
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Carnero Rosell
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - M Carrasco Kind
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - F J Castander
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Crocce
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C B D'Andrea
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - S Desai
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - H T Diehl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J P Dietrich
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Doel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T F Eifler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A E Evrard
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Fausti Neto
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - B Flaugher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Fosalba
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciències, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gruen
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
- University Observatory Munich, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - R A Gruendl
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D James
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - S Kent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Kuehn
- Australian Astronomical Observatory, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - N Kuropatkin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M A G Maia
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - M March
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - P Martini
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K W Merritt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C J Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Miquel
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Neilsen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R C Nichol
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - R Ogando
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - A A Plazas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - A K Romer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Roodman
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Sako
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - I Sevilla
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R C Smith
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - M Soares-Santos
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Sobreira
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua General Jos´e Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - E Suchyta
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - G Tarle
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - J Thaler
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D Thomas
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
- SEPnet, South East Physics Network, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - D Tucker
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A R Walker
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
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Simon JD, Drlica-Wagner A, Li TS, Nord B, Geha M, Bechtol K, Balbinot E, Buckley-Geer E, Lin H, Marshall J, Santiago B, Strigari L, Wang M, Wechsler RH, Yanny B, Abbott T, Bauer AH, Bernstein GM, Bertin E, Brooks D, Burke DL, Capozzi D, Rosell AC, Kind MC, D’Andrea CB, Costa LND, DePoy DL, Desai S, Diehl HT, Dodelson S, Cunha CE, Estrada J, Evrard AE, Neto AF, Fernandez E, Finley DA, Flaugher B, Frieman J, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Gruen D, Gruendl RA, Honscheid K, James D, Kent S, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Maia MAG, March M, Martini P, Miller CJ, Miquel R, Ogando R, Romer AK, Roodman A, Rykoff ES, Sako M, Sanchez E, Schubnell M, Sevilla I, Smith RC, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Suchyta E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Thaler J, Tucker D, Vikram V, Walker AR, Wester W. STELLAR KINEMATICS AND METALLICITIES IN THE ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY RETICULUM II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/808/1/95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bechtol K, Drlica-Wagner A, Balbinot E, Pieres A, Simon JD, Yanny B, Santiago B, Wechsler RH, Frieman J, Walker AR, Williams P, Rozo E, Rykoff ES, Queiroz A, Luque E, Benoit-Lévy A, Tucker D, Sevilla I, Gruendl RA, Costa LND, Neto AF, Maia MAG, Abbott T, Allam S, Armstrong R, Bauer AH, Bernstein GM, Bernstein RA, Bertin E, Brooks D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke DL, Rosell AC, Castander FJ, Covarrubias R, D’Andrea CB, DePoy DL, Desai S, Diehl HT, Eifler TF, Estrada J, Evrard AE, Fernandez E, Finley DA, Flaugher B, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Girardi L, Gladders M, Gruen D, Gutierrez G, Hao J, Honscheid K, Jain B, James D, Kent S, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Li TS, Lin H, Makler M, March M, Marshall J, Martini P, Merritt KW, Miller C, Miquel R, Mohr J, Neilsen E, Nichol R, Nord B, Ogando R, Peoples J, Petravick D, Plazas AA, Romer AK, Roodman A, Sako M, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Schubnell M, Smith RC, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Suchyta E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Thaler J, Thomas D, Wester W, Zuntz J. EIGHT NEW MILKY WAY COMPANIONS DISCOVERED IN FIRST-YEAR DARK ENERGY SURVEY DATA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/807/1/50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Radler ME, Wright BJ, Walker FR, Hale MW, Kent S. Calorie restriction increases lipopolysaccharide-induced neuropeptide Y immunolabeling and reduces microglial cell area in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus. Neuroscience 2014; 285:236-47. [PMID: 25446356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) increases longevity and elicits many health promoting benefits including delaying immunosenescence and reducing the incidence of age-related diseases. Although the mechanisms underlying the health-enhancing effects of CR are not known, a likely contributing factor is alterations in immune system functioning. CR suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocks LPS-induced fever, and shifts hypothalamic signaling pathways to an anti-inflammatory bias. Furthermore, we have recently shown that CR attenuates LPS-stimulated microglial activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), a brain region containing neurons that synthesize neuropeptide Y (NPY), an orexigenic neuropeptide that is upregulated by a CR diet and has anti-inflammatory properties. To determine if increased NPY expression in the ARC following CR was associated with changes in microglial activation, a set of brain sections from mice that were exposed to 50% CR or ad libitum feeding for 28 days before being injected with LPS were immunostained for NPY. The density of NPY-immunolabeling was assessed across the rostrocaudal extent of the ARC and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). An adjacent set of sections were immunostained for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1) and immunostained microglia in the ARC were digitally reconstructed to investigate the effects of CR on microglial morphology. We demonstrated that exposure to CR increased NPY expression in the ARC, but not the PVN. Digital reconstruction of microglia revealed that LPS increased Iba1 intensity in ad libitum fed mice but had no effect on Iba1 intensity in CR mice. CR also decreased the size of ARC microglial cells following LPS. Correlational analyses revealed strong associations between NPY and body temperature, and body temperature and microglia area. Together these results suggest that CR-induced changes in NPY are not directly involved in the suppression of LPS-induced microglial activation, however, NPY may indirectly affect microglial morphology through changes in body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Radler
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B J Wright
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M W Hale
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Kent
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Lewsey JD, Lawson KD, Ford I, Fox KAA, Ritchie LD, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Watt GCM, Woodward M, Kent S, Neilson M, Briggs AH. A cardiovascular disease policy model that predicts life expectancy taking into account socioeconomic deprivation. Heart 2014; 101:201-8. [PMID: 25324535 PMCID: PMC4316925 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives A policy model is a model that can evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions and inform policy decisions. In this study, we introduce a cardiovascular disease (CVD) policy model which can be used to model remaining life expectancy including a measure of socioeconomic deprivation as an independent risk factor for CVD. Design A state transition model was developed using the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC) linked to Scottish morbidity and death records. Individuals start in a CVD-free state and can transit to three CVD event states plus a non-CVD death state. Individuals who have a non-fatal first event are then followed up until death. Taking a competing risk approach, the cause-specific hazards of a first event are modelled using parametric survival analysis. Survival following a first non-fatal event is also modelled parametrically. We assessed discrimination, validation and calibration of our model. Results Our model achieved a good level of discrimination in each component (c-statistics for men (women)—non-fatal coronary heart disease (CHD): 0.70 (0.74), non-fatal cerebrovascular disease (CBVD): 0.73 (0.76), fatal CVD: 0.77 (0.80), fatal non-CVD: 0.74 (0.72), survival after non-fatal CHD: 0.68 (0.67) and survival after non-fatal CBVD: 0.65 (0.66)). In general, our model predictions were comparable with observed event rates for a Scottish randomised statin trial population which has an overlapping follow-up period with SHHEC. After applying a calibration factor, our predictions of life expectancy closely match those published in recent national life tables. Conclusions Our model can be used to estimate the impact of primary prevention interventions on life expectancy and can assess the impact of interventions on inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lewsey
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K D Lawson
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K A A Fox
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L D Ritchie
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Tunstall-Pedoe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - G C M Watt
- General Practice & Primary Care, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kent
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Neilson
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A H Briggs
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Kent S, Weinberg ED, Stuart-Macadam P. Dietary and prophylactic iron supplements : Helpful or harmful? Hum Nat 2013; 1:53-79. [PMID: 24222023 DOI: 10.1007/bf02692146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/1989] [Accepted: 05/30/1989] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild hypoferremia represents an aspect of the ability of the body to withhold iron from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and from neoplastic cells. However, our iron-withholding defense system can be thwarted by practices that enhance iron overload such as indiscriminate iron fortification of foods, medically prescribed iron supplements, alcohol ingestion, and cigarette smoking. Elevated standards for normal levels of iron can be misleading and even dangerous for individuals faced with medical insults such as chronic infection, neoplasia, cardiomyopathy, and arthritis. We are becoming increasingly aware that the wide-spread hypoferremia in human populations is a physiological response to insult rather than a pathological cause of insult, and that attempts to correct the condition by simply raising iron levels may not only be misguided but may actually impair host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kent
- Anthropology Program, Old Dominion University, 23529, Norfolk, VA
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Price J, Kent S, Antine S, Cox S, Klein C, McCauley S, Byrne C. Standards of Excellence in Nutrition and Dietetics for Organizations. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kramski M, Lichtfuss GF, Schorcht A, Johnston AP, De Rose R, Center R, Jawarowski A, Kent S. Critical role for monocytes in mediating HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442097 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Rose N, Kent S, Rose J. Health professionals' attitudes and emotions towards working with adults with intellectual disability (ID) and mental ill health. J Intellect Disabil Res 2012; 56:854-864. [PMID: 21917050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mainstream mental health services are providing more care for individuals with an intellectual disability (ID); this has implications for staff and service users. Attitudes of staff towards people with ID in mental health services may be negative and negative staff attitudes may have a detrimental impact on service provision. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used. METHODS A questionnaire designed to investigate the attitudes and emotions of staff towards delivering mental health care to adults with ID was completed by 84 staff from mainstream and specialist ID services. RESULTS Staff in both services experienced more positive emotions when working with clients whom they are currently employed to work with. When the frequency of contact with adults with ID, the number of individuals worked with and the amount of formal ID training received were considered, there was no significant difference between the attitudes of staff in both services. Positive correlations were found between attitude scores and positive emotional experiences in both services. CONCLUSIONS The research suggests that numerous factors, including the role of emotional experience and a number of environmental aspects, need to be considered in the context of providing mental health services to adults with ID to ensure the highest quality. Research limitations and clinical implications of the study are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rose
- Psychological Heath Service, Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stourbridge, UK.
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Wilson A, van Bergen E, van Swieten L, Kent S, Mon-Williams M. Perceptual and performance biases in action selection. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Charles J, Kent S, Jansson E, Mon-Williams M. Visible surface area and prehension movement patterns. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chung A, Kent S, Stratov I. P10-07. Extremely rapid degranulation of NK cells activated by HIV-specific antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767624 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Wilkinson J, Craigie I, Allison G, Gallacher C, Crocker J, Kent S. Investigating suspected CF-related diabetes mellitus utilising serial capillary blood glucose profiling. J Cyst Fibros 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shehu-Xhilaga M, Dale J, O'Bryan M, Hedger M, Kent S, De Kretser D. 308. Characterization of SIV infection in the male genital tract of juvenile macaques. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/srb05abs308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive organs contribute infected cells and free viral particles to semen in human immunodeficiency type-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals, increasing the risk of infection from the HIV-1 positive male to the mother and ultimately to the offspring. The majority of information gathered with respect to the HIV-1 burden in the male reproductive tract (MGT) have been conducted in tissues obtained on autopsies of testis, prostate and epididymis of individuals that die from AIDS. Therefore, little is known about the progression and pathogenesis of the infection within these organs. Investigating the mechanism of the spread of HIV-1 in the cells and tissues of the MGT, particularly during the asymptomatic stage, remains a critical task.
Infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a useful animal model for studies of mucosal transmission and viral transmission via breastfeeding. In this study eight juvenile macaques (2.5 yo) were infected with SIVmac for a period of 3–6 months and testis and epididymis tissue were collected in two intervals, 3 and 6 months post-infection. To determine SIV progression and pathogenesis in the MGT we have used EM, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and immunoblotting.
Our preliminary EM obtained via analysis of testis and epididymis tissue of SIV infected macaques show the presence of elongated spermatids in the epididymis. Scattered viral like SIV particles were observed in the testis and epididymal lumen, principally associated with aberrant germ cells. Necrosis of epididymal tissue was also observed, potentially due to the SIV burden in this organ.
The data indicate that SIV infected juvenile macaques are a potential model for studying HIV-1 pathogenesis and its effect in spermatogenesis as well as the immune response of testis in a species that is closely related to humans.
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Purcell DF, Cameron PU, Mills J, Kent S. Infectivity of wild-type and deleted proviral SIV DNA. Dev Biol (Basel) 2002; 106:395-406. [PMID: 11761255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Live attenuated lentiviruses are potentially effective candidate HIV vaccines; however, delivery of these viruses in the field would be problematic. Delivery of attenuated lentiviruses as proviral DNA would be a simple means of immunization, but the efficiency of this method of delivery is not known. In this study, macaques were readily infected following inoculation of plasmid DNA encoding proviral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239), whether given i.m. (300 microg) or epidermally (15 microg), with all four animals succumbing to AIDS at a mean of 26 weeks following inoculation. Using a human skin explant model, we found that the 50% infectious dose (ID50) of proviral SIV or HIV-1 plasmid may be as low as 1 microg when delivered to skin by gold particle bombardment using a gene gun. An infectious proviral clone of SIV mac239 with a 105 bp deletion in the 3' nef/LTR overlap region was engineered (SIVsbbc delta3), analogous to the initial common nef/LTR deletion in HIV-1 strains isolated from an Australian cohort of long-term slow-progressors. Two further macaques were also readily infected with SIVsbbc delta3 after i.m. injection of 300 microg of highly purified plasmid DNA. Unexpectedly, in one macaque inoculated with SIVsbbc delta3 DNA, SIV strains isolated three to six weeks after infection had completely repaired the nef/LTR deletion with wild-type sequence, and eventually progressed to AIDS. The mechanism used to rebuild this deletion with wild-type sequence, presumably derived from an intact 5' LTR, is unclear, but possibilities include RNA read-through errors from the plasmid DNA and recombination with residual plasmid DNA at the inoculation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Purcell
- Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia
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Stokes MA, Kent S, Armstrong SM. The effect of repeated pulses of light at the same time on period responses of the rat circadian pacemaker. Chronobiol Int 2001; 18:187-201. [PMID: 11379661 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-100103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A consequence of simple velocity-based models is that, in response to light pulses, the circadian period should adjust inversely to phase. In addition, because of the interaction of circadian period and phase response, earlier circadian period changes should modify later circadian period changes. The literature contains few mentions of response curves of circadian period responses following light pulses. Rats were exposed to four pulses of light (60 minutes, 1000 lux) at the same circadian time, a minimum of 26 days apart; we assessed period responses and possible bias in the period-response curve. Modulation of circadian period following light-induced phase responses was examined by assessing the period of running wheel activity onset. Phase and circadian period were not consistently found to share an inverse relationship. Moreover, biases in initial period tended to be increased by the experimental protocol regardless of circadian time of pulse. Rats with a short initial (high-velocity) period had a lengthened period, while rats with a long initial period (low velocity) tended to have a reduce period. However, rats with a long initial period were phase delay biased, not phase advance biased. These results do not support a simple velocity model of the pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stokes
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that immune activation can result in cognitive deficits due to the actions of the proinflammatory cytokines. These series of studies examined the effects of peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the memory processes of day-old chicks trained on a single-trial passive-avoidance task. LPS impaired performance in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Maximal impairment was produced by a dose of 2.5-mg/kg LPS administered 60 min prior to training. Retention tests revealed that deficits in memory processing appeared between 10 and 20 min posttraining. These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of LPS on memory processing at the transition point from short-term memory to intermediate-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sell
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3083, Bundoora, Australia
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Kent S. Antiseptic skin preparation revisited. Br J Perioper Nurs 2000; 10:364-72. [PMID: 11299550 DOI: 10.1177/175045890001000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preparing the operation site by painting a solution of something onto the skin is one of the best preserved rituals in surgery. There appears to be something really satisfying about this precursor to the main event, and if the solution used is brightly coloured, or stains the skin, then so much the better--you can actually see where you've been! I hope than no-one is under the illusion that because the whole leg (or arm, or abdomen or anywhere else) is now a sickly shade of brown or alarmingly pink, that no pathogenic organisms can possibly have survived the onslaught. In this comprehensive review of the literature and practice audit, Sally Kent revisits the reasons for skin preparation, and recommends the use of well proven research to determine correct practice.
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Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that the pineal hormone, melatonin, may regulate changes in pain threshold by modulating fluctuations in opioid receptor expression and levels of beta-endorphin (beta-END). This study investigated whether the circadian oscillation in plasma melatonin is involved in the modulation of plasma beta-END immunoreactivity (beta-END-ir), and whether fluctuations in pain threshold measured using the hotplate test are contingent upon the fluctuation of these two hormones in Rattus Norvegicus. The role of melatonin was explored using light-induced functional pinealectomy (LFPX) to suppress nocturnal melatonin release. Pinealectomized rats were found to have significantly elevated levels of beta-END-ir compared to control animals at both photophase (398 +/- 89 pg/ml versus 180 +/- 23 pg/ml) and scotophase (373 +/- 45 pg/ml versus 203 +/- 20 pg/ml) test-periods, thus supporting the putative melatonin-opioid axis. Similarly, latency to pain threshold of LFPX rats was significantly longer when compared to control animals at photophase (7.3 +/- 1.4 sec versus 4.8 +/- 0.7 sec) and scotophase (6.3 +/- 0.7 sec versus 5.1 +/- 0.7 sec). Previous studies have produced conflicting data regarding the role of the pineal system in modulating levels of corticosterone (CORT). We observed a moderate, but non-significant, increase in the CORT concentration of LFPX rats during the photophase test period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Barrett
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship among laboratory and clinical balance measures and physical impairments. DESIGN A descriptive correlational study. SETTING Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirty subjects with stroke, recruited through convenience sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postural sway was calculated in terms of center of pressure (COP) parameters including spectral characteristics. Clinical balance was measured using the Balance Scale. The assessed physical impairments included stages of lower limb motor recovery, ankle proprioception, and passive dorsiflexion range of the involved limb. RESULTS The Balance Scale was correlated with COP speed (r = -.57), COP root mean square speed (r = -.50), and COP mean frequency (r = -.50) in the anterior-posterior direction only. Moderate to high correlations were found among most of the COP parameters except spectral characteristics. Significant differences in postural sway were found among different stance in eyes-open (p = .00 to .02) and eyes-closed conditions (p = .00 to .04). Subjects with impaired ankle proprioception had significantly increased postural sway and decreased Balance Scale scores when compared with the subjects with intact ankle proprioception. CONCLUSIONS Some of the clinical and laboratory balance assessments were related, indicating that some components of the tests are similar, but some measured different aspects of balance. Postural sway was related to visual condition, stance position, and proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niam
- Physiotherapy Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
The Exempla Lutheran Medical Center uses the analysis of individual physician practice patterns to improve physician performance. Studies of initial breast biopsies, inguinal herniorrhaphy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and anterior cruciate ligament repair provided quantitative clinical information for analyzing individual practice patterns. The breast biopsy study indicated a positive correlation between practice patterns and patient satisfaction. Results from the inguinal herniorrhaphy study led to cost reductions due to increased information on supply cost. Despite the documented similarity in practice patterns for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cost data analysis revealed differences of more than $1,000 per case for one physician. Further investigation showed that variance in profit margins was due to differing reimbursements from insurance contracts. All three studies demonstrated that cost data can stimulate discussion among providers and influence individual practice patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Jones
- Exempla Lutheran Medical Center, Wheat Ridge, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Multiple pulses of light administered to humans have been reported to result in type 0 phase responses. These results suggest the underlying pacemaker to be nonsimple. At present, results with this type of protocol have only been reported for humans. Therefore, multiple pulses of light were administered to rats. Rats were exposed to one, two, three, or four pulses of light for 5 h (1000 lux) at successive 24-h intervals. Results did not suggest a type 0 phase response. Nonetheless, results with a second, third, or fourth light exposure were not fully predictable from a phase response curve derived from a single light pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stokes
- School of Psychological Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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