1
|
Pandey V, Kumar Yadav M, Panda SK, Singh VK. An economic and sustainable approach to transform aluminosilicate-rich solid waste to functionally graded composite foam for high-temperature applications. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139588. [PMID: 37478988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes an economical and effective approach for recycling coal overburden and similar solid wastes to fabricate lightweight and high-strength composite foam with industrial applications. Reaction-generated thermo-foaming technique has been used to develop functionally graded mullite-embedded silicate composite foam in a single step. The developed foams with gradient pores exhibit superior thermo-mechanical properties. In situ-growth of mullite phase within the silicate phase results in better mechanical strength of the foam. They possess bulk density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity in the range of 0.31-1.34 g/cm3, 2.97-15.06 MPa and 0.0843-0.2871 W/(m∙K), respectively. Thermal treatment irreversibly transforms the heavy metals present in the solid waste into stable mineral phases, further inhibiting the leaching of heavy metals from the developed foam. The developed foam with tuneable and gradient microstructure is seen as a potential material for thermal insulation and other applications such as refractories, molten metal and hot flue gas filters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Pandey
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Yadav
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Tallin University of Technology, Tallin, Estonia
| | - S K Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - V K Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sumithra TG, Sharma SRK, Prasad V, Gop AP, Gangadharan S, Gayathri S, Ambrose A, Rajisha R, Panda SK, Anil MK, Patil PK. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) following oral administration. Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:307-320. [PMID: 36949263 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the comparative pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol and its metabolite (florfenicol amine, FFA) in Trachinotus blochii under tropical marine conditions (salinity: 35 ± 1.4‰; temperature: 28.8 ± 0.54 °C) following a single in-feed oral administration of the recommended dose (15 mg/Kg). Furthermore, the study investigated the distribution of these two compounds in nine different tissues. The maximum florfenicol concentrations (Cmax) in plasma and tissues were observed within five hours (Tmax), except for bile. The Cmax ranged from 572 to 1954 ng/g or ml and was in the intestine > bile > muscle + skin > liver > gill = heart > plasma > kidney = spleen. The elimination half-life of FFC was significantly slower in the bile (38.25 ± 4.46 h). The AUC tissue/plasma was highest for bile (3.77 ± 0.22), followed by intestine > muscle + skin > heart > liver > kidney = gill = spleen. Tmax and t1/2β were slower, and Cmax was lower for FFA than florfenicol in all tissues except Cmax of the kidney and bile. FFA t1/2β was exceptionally slower in the kidney (46.01 ± 8.2 h). Interestingly, reaching an apparent distribution rate of > 0.5 was comparatively faster in the kidney, liver, and gills than in other tissues. The highest apparent metabolic rate was in the kidney (0.95 ± 0.01) and the lowest in plasma (0.41 ± 0.01). The generated data can be applied for formulating efficient therapeutic protocols in T. blochii, a promising mariculture species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T G Sumithra
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - S R Krupesha Sharma
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India.
| | - Vishnu Prasad
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Ambarish P Gop
- Vizhinjam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Vizhinjam P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 692521, Kerala, India
| | - Suja Gangadharan
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - S Gayathri
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Antony Ambrose
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI), Ernakulam North PO, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - R Rajisha
- Quality Assurance and Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - S K Panda
- Quality Assurance and Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, 682029, Kerala, India
| | - M K Anil
- Vizhinjam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Vizhinjam P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 692521, Kerala, India
| | - P K Patil
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Santhome High Road, Chennai, 600028, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pareta AS, Singh PK, Sarkar A, Panda SK. Quasi-static indentation damage mechanics of PU foam core reinforced with fly ash particulate. J CELL PLAST 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x231154620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The fly ash (FA) particulates are used in this study to reinforce the polyurethane foam (PUF) core. The FA particles inclusion improves the mechanical performance of the PUF core under compression by increasing its modulus of elasticity. Low-velocity impacts have damage dynamics that are pretty similar to quasi-static indentation. Consequently, the indentation resistance capability of the PUF core is investigated for three types of indenter nose tips with varied FA wt. Percentages (flat-circular, hemispherical, and conical). The results reveal that the reinforced foam core’s resistance varies with reinforcement percentage under indentation. However, FA reinforcement to PUF does not necessarily improve indentation resistance. The damage mechanism of the PUF core under indentation has been evaluated for each type of indenter. The interaction of crushing, shear, and tear of the damaged surface with the change in indenter nose tip has been explained with 0–20% variation of FA particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are taken for the analysis of the damaged PUF core cross-section at the indented location. Earlier mechanical findings of the scatter in deformation behavior with the indenter nose tip geometry are substantiated by the SEM studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh Pareta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - PK Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - SK Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sahoo A, Swain SS, Panda SK, Hussain T, Panda M, Rodrigues CF. In Silico Identification of Potential Insect Peptides against Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200494. [PMID: 36198620 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains are frequently found in medical environments, from surgical/ wound sites, medical devices. These biofilms reduce the efficacy of applied antibiotics during the treatment of several infections, such as cystic fibrosis, endocarditis, or urinary tract infections. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic agents to destroy the extra protective biofilm layers or to inhibit the biofilm-producing enzymes is urgently needed. Advanced and cost-effective bioinformatics tools are advantageous in locating and speeding up the selection of antibiofilm candidates. Based on the potential drug characteristics, we have selected one-hundred thirty-three antibacterial peptides derived from insects to assess for their antibiofilm potency via molecular docking against five putative biofilm formation and regulated target enzymes: the staphylococcal accessory regulator A or SarA (PDB ID: 2FRH), 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase or CrtM (PDB ID: 2ZCQ), clumping factor A or ClfA (PDB ID: 1N67) and serine-aspartate repeat protein C or SdrC (PDB ID: 6LXH) and sortase A or SrtA (PDB ID: 1T2W) of SA bacterium. In this study, molecular docking was performed using HPEPDOCK and HDOCK servers, and molecular interactions were examined using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer-2019. The docking score (kcal/mol) range of five promising antibiofilm peptides against five targets was recorded as follows: diptericin A (-215.52 to -303.31), defensin (-201.11 to -301.92), imcroporin (-212.08 to -287.64), mucroporin (-228.72 to -286.76), apidaecin II (-203.90 to -280.20). Among these five, imcroporin and mucroporin were 13 % each, while defensin contained only 1 % of positive net charged residues (Arg+Lys) projected through ProtParam and NetWheels tools. Similarly, imcroporin, mucroporin and apidaecin II were 50 %, while defensin carried 21.05 % of hydrophobic residues predicted by the tool PEPTIDE. 2.0. Most of the peptides exhibited potential characteristics to inhibit S. aureus-biofilm formation via disrupting the cell membrane and cytoplasmic integrity. In summary, the proposed hypothesis can be considered a cost-effective platform for selecting the most promising bioactive drug candidates within a limited timeframe with a greater chance of success in experimental and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751023 1, India
| | - Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-, Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sujogya K Panda
- Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-, Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Maitreyee Panda
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751023 1, India
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário - CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.,LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.,AliCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fazal F, Gupta N, Soneja M, Mitra DK, Satpathy G, Panda SK, Chaturvedi PK, Vikram NK, Pandey RM, Wig N. Clinical Profile, Treatment, and Outcome of Patients with Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:564-567. [PMID: 35719456 PMCID: PMC9160626 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome of patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in critically ill patients. Materials and methods A prospective observational study was conducted where critically ill adult patients presenting with fever and bicytopenia were evaluated according to the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria for the presence of secondary HLH. The underlying trigger, clinical profile, treatment, and outcome of patients with HLH were analyzed. Results Of the 76 critically ill patients with fever and bicytopenia, 33 (43%) patients were diagnosed with HLH. The following triggers for HLH were identified: bacterial infections (23%), fungal infections (10%), viral infections (10%), parasitic infections (10%), autoimmune diseases (13%), and malignancy (8%). A total of 78% of the HLH cases received steroids, but the use of steroids was not associated with improvement in mortality. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of HLH in patients presenting with fever and bicytopenia in critically ill adult patients. Infections were identified as the most common trigger of HLH. How to cite this article Fazal F, Gupta N, Soneja M, Mitra DK, Satpathy G, Panda SK, et al. Clinical Profile, Treatment, and Outcome of Patients with Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(5):564–567.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Fazal
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - DK Mitra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - G Satpathy
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - SK Panda
- Department of Pathology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - PK Chaturvedi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - RM Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
- Naveet Wig, Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India, Phone: +91 9818449310, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahoo A, Fuloria S, Swain SS, Panda SK, Sekar M, Subramaniyan V, Panda M, Jena AK, Sathasivam KV, Fuloria NK. Potential of Marine Terpenoids against SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Drug Development Approach. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111505. [PMID: 34829734 PMCID: PMC8614725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In an emergency, drug repurposing is the best alternative option against newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, several bioactive natural products have shown potential against SARS-CoV-2 in recent studies. The present study selected sixty-eight broad-spectrum antiviral marine terpenoids and performed molecular docking against two novel SARS-CoV-2 enzymes (main protease or Mpro or 3CLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). In addition, the present study analysed the physiochemical-toxicity-pharmacokinetic profile, structural activity relationship, and phylogenetic tree with various computational tools to select the 'lead' candidate. The genomic diversity study with multiple sequence analyses and phylogenetic tree confirmed that the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 strain was up to 96% structurally similar to existing CoV-strains. Furthermore, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency based on a protein-ligand docking score (kcal/mol) exposed that the marine terpenoid brevione F (-8.4) and stachyflin (-8.4) exhibited similar activity with the reference antiviral drugs lopinavir (-8.4) and darunavir (-7.5) against the target SARS-CoV-Mpro. Similarly, marine terpenoids such as xiamycin (-9.3), thyrsiferol (-9.2), liouvilloside B (-8.9), liouvilloside A (-8.8), and stachyflin (-8.7) exhibited comparatively higher docking scores than the referral drug remdesivir (-7.4), and favipiravir (-5.7) against the target SARS-CoV-2-RdRp. The above in silico investigations concluded that stachyflin is the most 'lead' candidate with the most potential against SARS-CoV-2. Previously, stachyflin also exhibited potential activity against HSV-1 and CoV-A59 within IC50, 0.16-0.82 µM. Therefore, some additional pharmacological studies are needed to develop 'stachyflin' as a drug against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.K.F.)
| | - Shasank S. Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India;
| | - Sujogya K. Panda
- Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India;
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Maitreyee Panda
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Ajaya K. Jena
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Kathiresan V. Sathasivam
- Faculty of Applied Science, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia;
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.K.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Panda SK. Meet Our Editorial Board Member. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/138920102203210225094316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya K. Panda
- KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Zoological Institute,Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saha B, Swain D, Borgohain P, Rout GR, Koyama H, Panda SK. Enhanced exudation of malate in the rhizosphere due to AtALMT1 overexpression in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) confers increased aluminium tolerance. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:701-708. [PMID: 32174006 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, 50% of soil is acidic, which induces aluminium (Al) toxicity in plants, as the phyto-availability of Al3+ increases in acidic soil. Plants responds to Al3+ toxicity by exuding organic acids into the rhizosphere. The organic acid responsible for Al3+ stress response varies from species to species, which in the case of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is citrate. In blackgram, an Arabidopsis malate transporter, AtALMT1, was overexpressed with the motive of inducing enhanced exudation of malate. Transgenics were generated using cotyledon node explants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The putative transgenics were initially screened by AtALMT1-specific genomic DNA PCR, followed by quantitative PCR. Two independent transgenic events were identified and functionally characterized in the T3 generation. The transgenic lines, Line 1 and 2, showed better root growth, relative water content and chlorophyll content under Al3+ stress. Both lines also accounted for less oxidative damage, due to reduced accumulation of ROS molecules. Photosynthetic efficiency, as measured in terms of Fv /Fm , NPQ and Y(II), increased when compared to the wild type (WT). Relative expression of genes (VmSTOP1, VmALS3, VmMATE) responsible for Al3+ stress response in blackgram showed that overexpression of a malate transporter did not have any effect on their expression. Malate exudation increased whereas citrate exudation did not show any divergence from the WT. A pot stress assay found that the transgenics showed better adaptation to acidic soil. This report demonstrates that the overexpression of a malate transporter in a non-malate exuding species improves adaptation to Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil without effecting its stress response mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Saha
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - D Swain
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agricultural Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P Borgohain
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - G R Rout
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agricultural Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - H Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - S K Panda
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kipanga PN, Liu M, Panda SK, Mai AH, Veryser C, Van Puyvelde L, De Borggraeve WM, Van Dijck P, Matasyoh J, Luyten W. Biofilm inhibiting properties of compounds from the leaves of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague subsp ugandensis against Candida and staphylococcal biofilms. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 248:112352. [PMID: 31676401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Warburgia ugandensis Sprague subspecies ugandensis is a plant widely distributed in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. In humans, it is used to treat respiratory infections, tooth aches, malaria, skin infections, venereal diseases, diarrhea, fevers and aches. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds against clinically important biofilm-forming strains of Candida and staphylococci that are responsible for tissue and implanted device-related infections. METHODS Using a bioassay-guided fractionation approach, hexane -, ethanol -, acetone - and water extracts from the leaves of W. ugandensis, their subsequent fractions and isolated compounds were tested against both developing and preformed 24 h-biofilms of Candida albicans SC5314, Candida glabrata BG2, Candida glabrata ATCC 2001, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457 and Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 using microtiter susceptibility tests. Planktonic cells were also tested in parallel for comparison purposes. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was also used to visualize effects of isolated compounds on biofilm formation. RESULTS Warburganal, polygodial and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were the major bioactive compounds isolated from the acetone extract of W. ugandensis. For both warburganal and polygodial, the biofilm inhibitory concentration that inhibits 50% of C. albicans developing biofilms (BIC50) was 4.5 ± 1 and 10.8 ± 5 μg/mL respectively. Against S. aureus developing biofilms, this value was 37.9 ± 8 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL with warburganal and ALA respectively. Eradication of preformed 24 h biofilms was also observed. Interestingly, synergy between the sesquiterpenoids and azoles against developing C. albicans biofilms resulted in an approximately ten-fold decrease of the effective concentration required to completely inhibit growth of the biofilms by individual compounds. The hydroxyl group in position C-9 in warburganal was identified as essential for activity against staphylococcal biofilms. We also identified additional promising bioactive sesquiterpenoids; drimenol and drimendiol from the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. CONCLUSIONS ALA and four sesquiterpenoids: polygodial, warburganal, drimenol and drimendiol, have shown biofilm-inhibitory activity that has not been reported before and is worth following up. These compounds are potential drug candidates to manage biofilm-based infections, possibly in combination with azoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purity N Kipanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maoxuan Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sujogya K Panda
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anh Hung Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Puyvelde
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De D, Chowdhury P, Panda SK, Ghosh U. Ethanolic extract of leaf of Dillenia pentagyna reduces in-vitro cell migration and induces intrinsic pathway of apoptosis via downregulation of NF-κβ in human NSCLC A549 cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19841-19857. [PMID: 31318086 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancement of the pharmaceutical industry, medicinal plants are still a reliable source of traditional medicines to cure a number of diseases. Various parts of Dillenia pentagyna are used in traditional medicine in India for treatment of various disorders including cancers, but detailed mechanisms are still unknown. Dried leaves of D. pentagyna were extracted with ethanol and termed as an ethanolic extract of leaves of D. pentagyna (EELDP). Our aim was to elucidate the role of EELDP in in-vitro cell migration and apoptosis in highly metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. We measured cell viability and in-vitro cell migration in three different human cancer cells A549, HeLa and U2OS treated with EELDP (0-0.6 mg/mL). However, A549 cells showed higher sensitivity to EELDP treatment. Hence we studied several key markers of metastasis and apoptosis pathway in A549 cells treated with EELDP. EELDP treatment significantly reduced in-vitro cell migration, wound healing, expression and activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 via reduction of nuclear factor kappa Beta (NF-κβ). EELDP also reduced vimentin, N-cadherin and increased claudin-1. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was triggered by EELDP via the NF-κβ pathway through the increase of the Bax to Bcl2 ratio, leading to the fall of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently induced release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 followed by nuclear fragmentation in A549 cells. Furthermore, we observed change of a few markers of metastasis and apoptosis in other two cell types HeLa and U2OS treated with EELDP. These data implicate that the effect of EELDP is not cell-specific. Since only 0.1 mg/mL EELDP significantly reduces in-vitro cell migration and increases apoptosis, the active compound(s) present in EELDP is very much potent to control highly metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya De
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Priyanka Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Sujogya K Panda
- Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha, India.,Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Utpal Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Padhi S, Masi M, Panda SK, Luyten W, Cimmino A, Tayung K, Evidente A. Antimicrobial secondary metabolites of an endolichenic Aspergillus niger isolated from lichen thallus of Parmotrema ravum. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2573-2580. [PMID: 30600725 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1544982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new 6-benzyl-γ-pyrone (1), named aspergyllone was isolated from the culture filtrates of an endolichenic fungus Aspergillus niger Tiegh, obtained from lichen thallus Parmotrema ravum (Krog & Swinscow) Serus, collected in India. 1 was isolated for the first time from an endolichenic fungus together with six other known metabolites identified as aurasperones A (2) and D (3), asperpyrone A (4), fonsecinone A (5), carbonarone A (6) and pyrophen (7). The compounds were tested against a panel of human, plant, food borne and fish pathogens. Aspergyllone showed strong selective antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice, with an IC50 of 52 µg/mL. Aurasperone A and pyrophen showed moderate to strong antimicrobial activity inhibiting seven different test pathogens, being pyrophen active with IC50 ranging from 35 to 97 µg/mL.[Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srichandan Padhi
- Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Baripada, Odisha, India
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Kumanand Tayung
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Panda SK, Padhi L, Leyssen P, Liu M, Neyts J, Luyten W. Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic, and Antiviral Activity of Plants Traditionally Used for Treating Infectious Disease in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:658. [PMID: 29109684 PMCID: PMC5660100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we tested in vitro different parts of 35 plants used by tribals of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR, Mayurbhanj district, India) for the management of infections. From each plant, three extracts were prepared with different solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone) and tested for antimicrobial (E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans); anthelmintic (C. elegans); and antiviral (enterovirus 71) bioactivity. In total, 35 plant species belonging to 21 families were recorded from tribes of the SBR and periphery. Of the 35 plants, eight plants (23%) showed broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity (inhibiting all three test strains), while 12 (34%) exhibited narrow spectrum activity against individual pathogens (seven as anti-staphylococcal and five as anti-candidal). Plants such as Alangium salviifolium, Antidesma bunius, Bauhinia racemosa, Careya arborea, Caseria graveolens, Cleistanthus patulus, Colebrookea oppositifolia, Crotalaria pallida, Croton roxburghii, Holarrhena pubescens, Hypericum gaitii, Macaranga peltata, Protium serratum, Rubus ellipticus, and Suregada multiflora showed strong antibacterial effects, whilst Alstonia scholaris, Butea monosperma, C. arborea, C. pallida, Diospyros malbarica, Gmelina arborea, H. pubescens, M. peltata, P. serratum, Pterospermum acerifolium, R. ellipticus, and S. multiflora demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Plants such as A. salviifolium, A. bunius, Aporosa octandra, Barringtonia acutangula, C. graveolens, C. pallida, C. patulus, G. arborea, H. pubescens, H. gaitii, Lannea coromandelica, M. peltata, Melastoma malabathricum, Millettia extensa, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, P. serratum, P. acerifolium, R. ellipticus, S. multiflora, Symplocos cochinchinensis, Ventilago maderaspatana, and Wrightia arborea inhibit survival of C. elegans and could be a potential source for anthelmintic activity. Additionally, plants such as A. bunius, C. graveolens, C. patulus, C. oppositifolia, H. gaitii, M. extensa, P. serratum, R. ellipticus, and V. maderaspatana showed anti-enteroviral activity. Most of the plants, whose traditional use as anti-infective agents by the tribals was well supported, show in vitro inhibitory activity against an enterovirus, bacteria (E. coil, S. aureus), a fungus (C. albicans), or a nematode (C. elegans).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya K Panda
- Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Baripada, India.,Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Leyssen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maoxuan Liu
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohanta YK, Panda SK, Bastia AK, Mohanta TK. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Protium serratum and Investigation of their Potential Impacts on Food Safety and Control. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:626. [PMID: 28458659 PMCID: PMC5394122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles play an integral part in the evolution of new antimicrobials against the broad ranges of pathogenic microorganisms. Recently, biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has been successfully consummated. In the present study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was conducted using the leaf extract of plant Protium serratum, having novel ethnomedicinal. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The DLS study revealed the surface charge of the resulted nanoparticles that was highly negative, i.e., −25.0 ± 7.84 mV and the size was 74.56 ± 0.46 nm. The phytochemical and FTIR analysis confirmed the role of water-soluble phyto-compounds for the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. The potential antibacterial activity of AgNPs was studied against the food borne pathogens viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC50 = 74.26 ± 0.14 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (IC50 = 84.28 ± 0.36 μg/ml), Bacillus subtilis (IC50 = 94.43 ± 0.4236 μg/ml). The in vitro antioxidant potential of AgNPs was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (IC50 = 6.78 ± 0.15 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical assay (IC50 = 89.58 ± 1.15 μg/ml). In addition, the cytotoxicity of AgNPs was performed against fibroblast cell line L-929 to evaluate their biocompatibility. The overall results of the present investigation displayed the potential use of P. serratum leaf extract as a good bio-resource for the biosynthesis of AgNPs and their implementation in diverse applications, specifically as antibacterial agent in food packaging and preservation to combat against various food borne pathogenic bacteria along with its pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugal K Mohanta
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Orissa UniversityBaripada, India
| | - Sujogya K Panda
- Department of Zoology, North Orissa UniversityBaripada, India
| | - Akshaya K Bastia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Orissa UniversityBaripada, India
| | - Tapan K Mohanta
- Free Major of Natural Sciences, College of Basic Studies, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mohanta YK, Panda SK, Jayabalan R, Sharma N, Bastia AK, Mohanta TK. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Leaf Extract of Erythrina suberosa (Roxb.). Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:14. [PMID: 28367437 PMCID: PMC5355429 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Erythrina suberosa (Roxb.). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle was continuously followed by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis. The response of the phytoconstituents resides in E. suberusa during synthesis of stable AgNPs were analyzed by ATR- fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, the size, charge, and polydispersity nature of AgNPs were studied using dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. The morphology of the nanoparticles was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Current result shows core involvement of plant extracts containing glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds played a crucial role in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles were evaluated against different pathogenic bacterium and fungi. The antioxidant property was studied by radical scavenging (DPPH) assay and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against A-431 osteosarcoma cell line by MTT assay. The characteristics of the synthesized silver nanoparticles suggest their application as a potential antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugal K. Mohanta
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Orissa UniversityBaripada, India
| | | | - Rasu Jayabalan
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of TechnologyRourkela, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Medicinal Plants and Horticulture Resources, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable DevelopmentImphal, India
| | - Akshaya K. Bastia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Orissa UniversityBaripada, India
| | - Tapan K. Mohanta
- Free major of Natural Sciences, College of Basic Studies, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Viji P, Panda SK, Mohan CO, Bindu J, Ravishankar CN, Srinivasa Gopal TK. Combined effects of vacuum packaging and mint extract treatment on the biochemical, sensory and microbial changes of chill stored Indian mackerel. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:4289-4297. [PMID: 28115769 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the combined effects of vacuum packaging and mint extract treatment on the quality changes of gutted Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) during storage at 0-2 °C for 22 days. Biochemical, total viable count and sensory quality of chill stored mackerel were analysed at periodic intervals. Mint extract treated [dipping in 0.5% (w/v) solution of mint extract for 30 min] and vacuum packed fishes (MEVP) had significantly lower total volatile base nitrogen and trimethyl amine nitrogen compared to those packed under vacuum (CVP) and air (CAP) without mint extract treatment. Nucleotide degradation rate was lower in MEVP followed by CVP and CAP. Vacuum packaging in combination with ME treatment significantly inhibited lipid hydrolysis and lipid oxidation in mackerel as observed from its lower free fatty acid, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values. Synergistic use of mint extract and vacuum packaging has markedly controlled microbial proliferation in the samples. Based on sensory evaluation, shelf life of Indian mackerel stored at 0-2 °C was determined as 13 days for CAP group, 16 days for CVP group and 21 days for MEVP group, respectively. The present study revealed that combination of vacuum packaging and mint extract treatment can be a promising technology to improve the storage quality of chill stored gutted mackerel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Viji
- Visakhapatnam Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Oceanview layout, Pandurangapuram, A.U.P.O., Visakhapatnam, 530003 India
| | - S K Panda
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 690528 India
| | - C O Mohan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 690528 India
| | - J Bindu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 690528 India
| | - C N Ravishankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 690528 India
| | - T K Srinivasa Gopal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin, 690528 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nag A, Middey S, Bhowal S, Panda SK, Mathieu R, Orain JC, Bert F, Mendels P, Freeman PG, Mansson M, Ronnow HM, Telling M, Biswas PK, Sheptyakov D, Kaushik SD, Siruguri V, Meneghini C, Sarma DD, Dasgupta I, Ray S. Origin of the Spin-Orbital Liquid State in a Nearly J=0 Iridate Ba_{3}ZnIr_{2}O_{9}. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:097205. [PMID: 26991199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.097205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show using detailed magnetic and thermodynamic studies and theoretical calculations that the ground state of Ba_{3}ZnIr_{2}O_{9} is a realization of a novel spin-orbital liquid state. Our results reveal that Ba_{3}ZnIr_{2}O_{9} with Ir^{5+} (5d^{4}) ions and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) arrives very close to the elusive J=0 state but each Ir ion still possesses a weak moment. Ab initio density functional calculations indicate that this moment is developed due to superexchange, mediated by a strong intradimer hopping mechanism. While the Ir spins within the structural Ir_{2}O_{9} dimer are expected to form a spin-orbit singlet state (SOS) with no resultant moment, substantial frustration arising from interdimer exchange interactions induce quantum fluctuations in these possible SOS states favoring a spin-orbital liquid phase down to at least 100 mK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nag
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - S Middey
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayantika Bhowal
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - S K Panda
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Roland Mathieu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J C Orain
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Bert
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Mendels
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P G Freeman
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - M Mansson
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Materials and Nanophysics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - H M Ronnow
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Telling
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX110QX, United Kingdom
| | - P K Biswas
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Sheptyakov
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S D Kaushik
- UGC-DAE-Consortium for Scientific Research Mumbai Centre, R5 Shed, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Vasudeva Siruguri
- UGC-DAE-Consortium for Scientific Research Mumbai Centre, R5 Shed, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Carlo Meneghini
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Universitá Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale, 84 I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - D D Sarma
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Indra Dasgupta
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sugata Ray
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Koteswararao B, Panda SK, Kumar R, Yoo K, Mahajan AV, Dasgupta I, Chen BH, Kim KH, Chou FC. Observation of S = 1/2 quasi-1D magnetic and magneto-dielectric behavior in a cubic SrCuTe2O6. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:426001. [PMID: 26436635 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/42/426001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic, thermal, and dielectric properties of SrCuTe2O6, which is isostructural to PbCuTe2O6, a recently found, Cu-based 3D frustrated magnet with a corner-sharing triangular spin network having dominant first and second nearest neighbor (nn) couplings (Koteswararao et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 035141). Although SrCuTe2O6 has a structurally similar spin network, the magnetic data exhibit the characteristic features of a typical quasi-1D magnet, which mainly resulted from the magnetically dominant third nn coupling, uniform chains. The magnetic properties of this system are studied via magnetization (M), heat capacity (C p ), dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]), and measurements along with ab initio band structure calculations. The magnetic susceptibility [Formula: see text] data show a broad maximum at 32 K and the system orders at low temperatures [Formula: see text] K and [Formula: see text] K, respectively. The analysis of the [Formula: see text] data gives an intra-chain coupling, [Formula: see text], to be about ≈ - 42 K with non-negligible frustrated inter-chain couplings ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). The hopping parameters obtained from the LDA band structure calculations also suggest the presence of coupled uniform chains. The observation of simultaneous anomalies in [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] suggests the presence of a magneto-dielectric effect in SrCuTe2O6. A magnetic phase diagram is also built based on the M, C p , and [Formula: see text] results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Koteswararao
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Central University PO, Hyderabad 500046, India. CeNSCMR, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and institute of applied physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea. Center of Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Behera M, Panda SK, Sahoo PK, Acharya AP, Patra RC, Das S, Pati S. Epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Vet World 2015; 8:33-7. [PMID: 27046992 PMCID: PMC4777807 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.33-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha was conducted between December 2012 to March 2013 and prevalence rate was studied on the basis of age, breed, and sex. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 fecal samples from suspected diarrheic dogs were collected in sterile phosphate buffer saline (10% W/V) and examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of canine parvo virus infection, followed by epidemiological study in relation to age, breed, and sex. Results: Of 71 samples analyzed, 29 (40.85%) were found to be positive by PCR assay. The infection was higher in Deshi/local breeds (34.48%), followed by German shepherd (17.24%), equal incidences in mixed and Labrador retriever (10.34%), Rottweiler and German spitz showed 6.90% each and finally lower incidences in four breeds (3.45%) such as Dalmatians, Nea politan mastiff, Pug and Great Dane. Age-wise prevalence study revealed the infection being more in the age group of 3-6 months (41.37%), followed by equal incidences of 27.59% in 1-3 months and 6-12 months age group, and a low incidence in age groups above 12 months (3.45%). The incidence was predominantly higher in males (86.21%) than females (13.79%). Conclusions: The epidemiological analysis revealed that the breed wise prevalence was found to be more in Deshi breeds as compared to others, age groups below 6 months were found to be more prone to parvovirus infection and males were mostly infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Behera
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S K Panda
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - P K Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - A P Acharya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - R C Patra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sweta Das
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Pati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dey S, Subhasis Patro S, Suresh Babu N, Murthy PN, Panda SK. Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for estimation of atazanavir sulfate in bulk. J Pharm Anal 2013; 7:134-140. [PMID: 29404029 PMCID: PMC5686860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A stability-indicating reverse phase–high performance liquid chromatography (RP–HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of atazanavir sulfate in tablet dosage forms using C18 column Phenomenix (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 900 mL of HPLC grade methanol and 100 mL of water of HPLC grade. The pH was adjusted to 3.55 with acetic acid. The mobile phase was sonicated for 10 min and filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was carried out at 249 nm and retention time of atazanavir sulfate was found to be 8.323 min. Linearity was observed from 10 to 90 μg/mL (coefficient of determination R2 was 0.999) with equation, y=23.427x+37.732. Atazanavir sulfate was subjected to stress conditions including acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation, and the results showed that it was more sensitive towards acidic degradation. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dey
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713206, West Bengal, India
| | - S Subhasis Patro
- Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Dist.-Ganjam, Berhampur 760002, Orissa, India
| | - N Suresh Babu
- Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Dist.-Ganjam, Berhampur 760002, Orissa, India
| | - P N Murthy
- Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Dist.-Ganjam, Berhampur 760002, Orissa, India
| | - S K Panda
- Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Dist.-Ganjam, Berhampur 760002, Orissa, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Durgapal P, Mathur SR, Kalamuddin M, Datta Gupta S, Parshad R, Julka PK, Panda SK. Assessment of Her-2/neu status using immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization on fine-needle aspiration cytology smears: experience from a tertiary care centre in India. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 42:726-31. [PMID: 24376261 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma shows amplification/overexpression of Her-2/neu in ∼20-30% of cases. The determination of Her-2/neu expression accurately is vital in clinical practice as it has significant predictive value and eligibility for anti Her-2/neu therapy. Amplification and overexpression of Her-2/neu gene is traditionally identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue sections; only a few studies have evaluated feasibility of these techniques on cytological smears. One hundred cases of breast cancer with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples and corresponding surgically resected specimen were selected. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and FISH for Her-2/neu was done on FNA smears, whereas IHC was performed on corresponding tissue sections. Diagnostic accuracy of ICC was 99% when compared with IHC. Comparison of FISH results with IHC showed 100% concordance. Unlike many centers in West, FNAC is still routinely performed in developing countries like India where vast majority of breast cancer cases present as palpable lumps. The high rates of accuracy of ICC and FISH for Her-2/neu detection can make FNAC a relevant first line of investigation as a cost effective model with a rapid turn-around time, providing complete information necessary for initial management of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Durgapal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Panda SK, Dasgupta I, Şaşıoğlu E, Blügel S, Sarma DD. NiS--an unusual self-doped, nearly compensated antiferromagnetic metal. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2995. [PMID: 24141233 PMCID: PMC3801131 DOI: 10.1038/srep02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NiS, exhibiting a text-book example of a first-order transition with many unusual properties at low temperatures, has been variously described in terms of conflicting descriptions of its ground state during the past several decades. We calculate these physical properties within first-principle approaches based on the density functional theory and conclusively establish that all experimental data can be understood in terms of a rather unusual ground state of NiS that is best described as a self-doped, nearly compensated, antiferromagnetic metal, resolving the age-old controversy. We trace the origin of this novel ground state to the specific details of the crystal structure, band dispersions and a sizable Coulomb interaction strength that is still sub-critical to drive the system in to an insulating state. We also show how the specific antiferromagnetic structure is a consequence of the less-discussed 90° and less than 90° superexchange interactions built in to such crystal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Panda
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sahoo SK, Sahoo SK, Behera A, Patil SV, Panda SK. Formulation, in vitro drug release study and anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil loaded gellan gum microbeads. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:123-127. [PMID: 23610967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil loaded calcium-zinc-gellan and calcium-zinc-gellan-ethyl cellulose microbeads were successfully prepared by simple ionotropic gelation and oil in water ionotropic gelation technique, respectively. Prepared microbeads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and evaluated for particle size, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, drug release and cell cytotoxicity study. Microbeads formed were spherical with rough surface. As concentration of gellan and ethyl cellulose has increased encapsulation efficiency, particle size and sustained drug release effect also increased. The release of 5-fluorouracil from microbeads has followed Hixson Crowell model suggesting the mechanism of drug release as dissolution controlled. Cytotoxicity analysis on HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines indicated that 5-FU loaded gellan gum/gellan in combination with ethyl cellulose microbeads leads to sustained releases of drug and thus delayed apoptosis over a long period of time. The formulation with drug:gellan:ethyl cellulose ratio 2.5:7.5:1 was found to be more effectual in terms of sustained drug release activity in addition to anti-cancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Behera SK, Panda SK, Pradhan N, Sukla LB, Mishra BK. Extraction of nickel by microbial reduction of lateritic chromite overburden of Sukinda, India. Bioresour Technol 2012; 125:17-22. [PMID: 23018159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extraction of nickel from lateritic chromite overburden (COB), Sukinda by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has been investigated in this work. In anoxic environment, A. ferrooxidans reduced the ferric iron in goethite [Fe(O)OH] mineral of COB by using elemental sulphur as electron donor. Nickel embedded in the complex goethite matrix of COB was successfully recovered by cumulative action of sulphuric acid, generated by oxidation of elemental sulphur and reduction of ferric iron in goethite matrix by A. ferrooxidans. Forty one percent of the nickel present in COB was extracted in a 3 L scale bioreactor (pH of 1.8 ± 0.05, temperature of 28 ± 2°C) maintained in anoxic environment. In contrast, only 11% of the nickel present in COB was extracted with continuous supply of air to the bioreactor keeping all the parameters unchanged. Kinetics study of anoxic microbial processing of COB revealed that the chemical reaction rate control model fits to the rate of nickel dissolution (R(2)=0.975).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Behera
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR), Bhubaneswar 751 013, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In this study, the antibacterial activity of crude (aqueous and alcoholic) extracts of the bark and leaf of Croton roxburghii Balak. (Euphorbiaceae) was tested against enteric pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI) using the agar cup method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time kill kinetics and synergy study. The ethanol extract exhibited a significant and broad spectrum of inhibition as compared to the aqueous extract of both the bark and leaf. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus followed by enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 10 to 18 mm for both aqueous and alcoholic extracts. The MIC value ranged from 356 to 625 μg/ml. This could justify the traditional use of this plant in dysentery and other infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Orissa, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cassia fistula Linn. which belongs to family Leguminosae is a medium-sized tree and its different parts are used in ayurvedic medicine as well as home remedies for common ailments. Sequential extraction was carried out using solvents viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and water from leaf of the plant were investigated for preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial property. Results of the study showed that all the extracts had good inhibitory activity against Gram-positive test organism. Although all five extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against test bacterial species, yet maximum activity was observed in ethanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged in between 94 to 1 500 μg/ml. Evaluation of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, protein and amino acids, saponins, and triterpenoids revealed the presence of most of constituents in polar extracts (ethanol, methanol, and aqueous) compared with nonpolar extracts (petroleum ether and chloroform). Furthermore, the ethanol extract was subjected to TLC bioautography and time-kill study against Staphylococcus epidermidis. All the findings exhibit that the leaf extracts have broad-spectrum activity and suggest its possible use in treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Baripada, Orissa, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bajic VB, Charn TH, Xu JX, Panda SK, T Krishnan SP. Prediction Models for DNA Transcription Termination Based on SOM Networks. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2005:4791-4. [PMID: 17281313 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1615543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents two efficient models for predicting transcription termination (TT) in human DNA. A neural network, self-organizing map, was used for finding features from a human polyadenylation (polyA) sites dataset. We derived prediction models related to different polyA signals. A program, "Dragon PolyAtt", for predicting TT regions was designed for the two most frequent polyA sites "AAUAAA" and "AUUAAA". In our tests, Dragon PolyAtt predicts TT regions with a sensitivity of 48.4% (13.6%) and specificity of 74% (79.1%) when searching for polyA signal "AAUAAA" ("AUUAAA"). Both tests were done on human chromosome 21. Results of Dragon PolyAtt system are substantially better than those obtained by the well-known "polyadq" program.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fong K, Rama Devi AR, Lai-Cheong JE, Chirla D, Panda SK, Liu L, Tosi I, McGrath JA. Infantile systemic hyalinosis associated with a putative splice-site mutation in the ANTXR2 gene. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:635-8. [PMID: 22300424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by dermal and subcutaneous fibromatosis, joint contractures and bone deformities. The condition usually presents at birth, resulting in death in infancy. ISH is caused by mutations in the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene, ANTXR2, also known as CMG2. We report an Indian child with ISH in whom we identified a homozygous acceptor splice site mutation, IVS2-4G>A. In silico analysis of this sequence showed that it changed predicted cryptic splicing, leading to out-of-frame transcripts and little, if any, functional protein. Mutations in the ANTXR2 gene can also cause juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF). Although there are currently no effective treatments for ISH or JHF, identification of pathogenetic mutations in the ANTXR2 gene makes DNA-based prenatal diagnosis feasible for subsequent pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fong
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
We investigated the virus-host interaction for hepatitis E virus (HEV) by performing competitive binding assays using in vitro assembled virus-like particles (VLPs). We used Escherichia coli expressed native capsid protein (pORF2) and its mutants with an attached Gly((5))-Ala (linker) reporter [enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/firefly luciferase (Fluc)]. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking showed near uniform particles of approximately 30-35 nm in diameter for pORF2 VLPs and 60-100 nm for reporter-linked VLPs. Binding of reporter-linked full-length (1-660aa) and N-terminal truncated (Δ1-112aa) pORF2 VLPs to Huh7 cell surfaces was found to be specific with 1.92 ± 0.065 × 10(5) sites per cell. Saturation binding indicated an equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of 121.1 ± 23.83 and 123.8 ± 16.15 nm for pORF2-linker-EGFP and pORF2-linker-Fluc VLPs respectively. A similar binding pattern was observed for Δ1-112aa pORF2-linker-EGFP and Δ1-112aa pORF2-linker-Fluc VLPs with K(d) values of 123.6 ± 10.60 and 135.6 ± 16.19 nm respectively. The affinity (log K(i)) of pORF2 binding on Huh7 cells in the presence of EGFP-tagged and Fluc-tagged pORF2 VLPs was found to be approximately 2.0. However, no VLP formation or binding was observed with refolded C-terminal truncated (Δ458-660aa) pORF2. We investigated HEV internalization using fluorescent VLPs (EGFP-VLPs), which showed vesicle-mediated uptake starting at 5 min post-incubation. The uptake of VLPs could be stopped by inhibitors for clathrin-dependent endocytosis, but not by caveosome inhibitors. No binding and uptake of EGFP-VLPs were observed on non-hepatic cell lines (HeLa and SiHa). These findings suggest that HEV attaches to the host cell via a specific high affinity receptor and enters the cytoplasm by clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kapur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen and the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis all over the world. We describe here an immunohistochemical method for the detection of HEV antigens (pORF2 and pORF3) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues using monoclonal antibodies raised against two of the virus proteins (pORF2 and pORF3). We analysed their specificity and sensitivity in comparison with serology and nucleic acid detection in cases of acute liver failure (ALF). We used this test on 30 liver biopsies collected post-mortem from the patients of ALF caused by HEV infection. These cases were selected on the basis of positive results for enzyme immunoassay (IgM anti-HEV). Of the 30 cases taken from the archives of the Department of Pathology, the antibodies successfully stained all. However, only 25 serum samples (83.3%) of these were positive for HEV RNA. Fifteen controls used (Five noninfected liver tissues, five HBV- and five hepatitis C virus-infected liver tissues) were all negative. The immunohistochemical assay described here may prove a valuable tool for the detection of HEV infection in biopsy, autopsy and explant liver tissues and can serve as a link along with other available tests to delineate the extent of HEV-associated problem worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- Departments of Pathology Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pattanayak P, Mohapatra P, Jena RK, Panda SK. Standardization of sulaharan yoga: an ayurvedic tablet formulation. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 73:65-70. [PMID: 22131623 PMCID: PMC3224411 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.89758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality assurance of herbal products may be ensured by proper quality control of the herbal ingredients and by means of good manufacturing practice. We have developed a simple scheme for the standardization and authentication of Sulaharan Yoga a poly herbal formulation. Sulaharan Yoga was prepared as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India. In-house and marketed preparation has been standardized on the basis of organoleptic characters, physical characteristics and physico-chemical properties. The set parameters were found to be sufficient to standardize the Sulaharan Yoga and can be used as reference standards for the quality control/ quality assurance study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pattanayak
- Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Jeypore - 764 002, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in the developing world. The immunopathology of HEV infections has not yet been elucidated. The virus is noncytopathic, and therefore, liver injury may be attributed to immune-mediated damage by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Therefore, we studied the nature of immune cells involved in HEV-induced liver damage using immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies taken from patients with HEV-induced acute liver failure and demonstrated a significant infiltration of activated CD8(+) T cells containing granzymes. These findings suggest the possible involvement of cytotoxic T cells in disease pathogenesis during HEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Prabhu
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Panda SK, Sengupta J, Jacob C. Synthesis of beta-SiC/SiO2 core-sheath nanowires by CVD technique using Ni as catalyst. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:3046-3052. [PMID: 20358897 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cubic silicon carbide (beta-SiC)/SiO2 nanowires with uniform and knotted-core structures have been synthesized on nickel-coated Si(111) substrates at 1150 degrees C by using hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) as the source material in a hot wall atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) system. The nanowires consist of a single crystalline beta-SiC core wrapped with an amorphous SiO2 shell. The as-prepared SiC nanowires and the deposited Ni films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that the nanowires are random in direction and have diameter ranges from 25 nm to 70 nm. The core of the nanowires has a cubic zinc blend structure and a high density of planar defects is often found. The twin plane defects are suspected to be the main reason for the formation of the knotted-core SiC nanowires. A possible growth mechanism based on vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) by base growth technique is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Panda
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bhagirathan U, Meenakumari B, Jayalakshmy KV, Panda SK, Madhu VR, Vaghela DT. Impact of bottom trawling on sediment characteristics--a study along inshore waters off Veraval coast, India. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 160:355-69. [PMID: 19093217 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present communication is a study on the impact of bottom trawling on the sediment characteristics along Veraval coast, which is the largest trawler port of India. Experimental bottom trawling was conducted from MFV Sagarkripa at five transects of water depths 15-20 m, 21-25 m, 26-30 m, 31-35 m and 36-40 m in commercial trawling grounds. Trawling was conducted for 12 months in a span of 15 months (September 2005-November 2006) excluding the trawl ban period (June to August). The sediment texture was analysed by pipette analysis and organic matter by wet oxidation method. The variations in organic matter and sediment texture were prominent between the stations selected at different depths. The sedimentary organic matter exhibited variations with different water depths and seasons. The organic matter content decreased with depth. Experimental trawling considerably reduced the organic matter content at all depths. Continued and incessant trawling operation can cause even more drastic reductions, where organic matter (OM) content is already very small. The sand proportion showed depth-wise variation; but seasonal and trawling effect was not significant showing highest values at 36-40 m depth. The silt proportion did not exhibit significant depth-wise variation. The seasonal variation of silt was significant whereas trawling effect imparted to silt was not evident. Trawling has no significant effect on clay concentration. But seasonal variation had great influence on the clay distribution and indicated significantly high depth-season interaction. The sediment of the study area was predominant in silt proportion. It was observed that the seasonal/natural variations were more prominent masking the trawling effect on silt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usha Bhagirathan
- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR), Matsyapuri PO, Kochi 682 029, Kerala, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dutta SK, Panda SK, Dubey D. Anticandidal activity of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Bark from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. Int J Green Pharm 2010; 4:102. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8258.63885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
|
35
|
Panda SK, Jyoti V, Bhadra B, Nayak KC, Shivaji S, Rainey FA, Das SK. Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis sp. nov., an obligately mixotrophic, moderately thermophilic, thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:2171-5. [PMID: 19605731 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.007120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel aerobic, obligately mixotrophic, moderately thermophilic, thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium, S10T, was isolated from hot-spring sediment samples collected from Atri, Bhubaneswar, India. The cells of this isolate stained Gram-negative and were strictly aerobic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped and motile with a single polar flagellum. Strain S10T was positive for oxidase and catalase activities. It was capable of utilizing thiosulfate under mixotrophic growth conditions. Mixotrophic growth was observed at pH 6.0-8.5 and 25-45 degrees C; optimum growth occurred at pH 7.5-8.0 and 30-37 degrees C. The major cellular fatty acids were C12:0 3-OH, C16:1omega7c, C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, C18:1omega7c and C19:0 cyclo omega8c. The DNA G+C content of strain S10T was 64.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the bacterium clustered within the radiation of the genus Thiomonas and showed 98.0% similarity with Thiomonas perometabolis ATCC 23370T and Thiomonas intermedia ATCC 15466T. However, DNA-DNA reassociation values of strain S10T with Thiomonas perometabolis JCM 20426T and Thiomonas intermedia JCM 20425T, its nearest phylogenetic relatives, were 46 and 39%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation studies, it is proposed that strain S10T represents a novel species of the genus Thiomonas, Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis sp. nov.; the type strain is S10T (=DSM 18181T=JCM 14806T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
MISHRA A, DURGAPAL H, MANIVEL V, ACHARYA SK, Rao KVS, Panda SK. Immune response to hepatitis B virus surface antigen peptides during HBV infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb07927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY
Antibody responses of patients with acute (n = 73), fulminant (n = 30) and chronic (n = 51) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as well as recovered individuals (n = 7) were studied against three synthetic peptides, Pre-S1 amino acids (aa. 12–32), Pre-S2 amino acids (aa. 120–145), and S amino acids (aa. 124–147) of the envelope region (HBsAg). T cell blastogenic response was investigated in a proportion of the patients (27 acute, nine fulminant, 13 chronic hepatitis and seven recovered individuals) along with seven HBV vaccinated and three normal individuals. The presence of T cell response against S peptide was observed in all the cases (9/9, 100%) during early acute hepatitis. This was suppressed during late stages (8/18, 44%) followed by partial reversal during recovery (5/7, 71 %). T cell response and antibodies to Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 peptides were present only in one-third of the patients throughout these periods. The T cell blastogenic response as well as antibody reactivity against these peptides were absent and minimal in chronic hepatitis. Immune response against envelope protein appears to play a major role in acute hepatic injury due to HBV infection and help in virus clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V MANIVEL
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - S K ACHARYA
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg (NII Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - K V S Rao
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Madan K, Batra Y, Jha JK, Kumar S, Kalra N, Paul SB, Singh R, Duttagupta S, Panda SK, Acharya SK. Clinical relevance of HBV DNA load in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Trop Gastroenterol 2008; 29:84-90. [PMID: 18972767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection and quantification are now playing an increasing role in the assessment of disease activity and response to therapy. However, viraemia levels which define various stages of HBV infection have not yet been established. AIM To define viraemia levels which describe various stages of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS In a retrospective study, stored sera samples of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infected patients registered at AIIMS liver clinic, from January 1996 to June 2005 were subjected to competitive, quantitative PCR analysis. RESULTS The median HBV DNA load was lowest among carriers and highest among patients with chronic hepatitis B [0 (0-8) vs. 7 (0-12) log10 copies/ml, respectively; p<0.05]. As compared to chronic hepatitis patients the DNA load was also lower among cirrhotics [7 (0-12) vs. 4.5 (0-8) log10 copies/ml, respectively; p<0.05] and hepatocellular cancer patients [ 7(0-12) vs. 0 (0-8) log10 copies/ml, respectively; p<0.05]. Patients with carriers had a DNA load which was significantly lower than e antigen negative CHB [0 (0-8) vs. 6 (0-10) log10 copies/ml; p<0.05] or e antigen positive CHB [0 (0-8) vs 8 (0-12) log10 copies/ml; p<0.05]. A threshold of 3.5 log10 copies/ml had sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 58% respectively in differentiating carriers from e antigen negative CHB. There was a strong positive correlation of HBV DNA load with inflammatory grade (R=0.334; p=0.0001), fibrosis stage (R=0.276; p=0.001) and ALT levels (R=0.378; p=0.0001). 82% (9/11) of those who lost e antigen had a decline in HBV DNA levels to <5 log10 copies/ml, whereas only 12.5% (1/8) of those who did not lose e antigen had a decline in DNA load below this level. CONCLUSIONS HBV DNA viraemia levels correlate positively with the inflammatory grade, fibrosis stage and ALT levels. Most patients who loose e antigen have a decline in DNA load to below 5 log10 copies/ml. Further prospective studies employing repeated measurements are required to define a threshold to differentiate between HBV carriers and e antigen negative CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Madan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kar UK, Satpathy G, Das BK, Panda SK. Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae ophthalmic, systemic & commensal isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis & ribotyping. Indian J Med Res 2008; 127:171-177. [PMID: 18403796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Streptococcus pneumoniae is common in ocular and systemic infections and is a part of normal nasopharyngeal flora. Very few studies regarding genetic analysis of S. pneumoniae isolates causing eye infections are available. This study was undertaken to do pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and ribotyping of S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from eye infections, systemic infections and nasopharyngeal flora. METHODS Sixty one well characterized S. pneumoniae isolates (38 from ophthalmic infections, 9 from systemic infections and 14 commensals) were characterized using PFGE of the whole genome after SmaI, restriction enzyme digestion and conventional ribotyping using Escherichia coli rRNA operon as the probe. Phylogenetic tree was drawn using unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA). RESULTS The 38 S. pneumoniae isolates from eye infections belonging to 15 serotypes were placed in to 11 PFGE types and 15 ribotypes. The 9 systemic isolates (7 seotypes) were distributed in 7 PFGE types and 6 ribotypes. The 14 commensal isolates were placed in 11 serotypes, 5 PFGE types and 6 ribotypes. Most of the PFGE types and ribotypes consisting of ocular isolates also contained systemic and commensal isolates. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Considerable genetic similarity was observed between the isolates from ocular and systemic infections and those colonized in nasopharynx. PFGE analysis could differentiate majority of the isolates according to site of infections. There was a considerable DNA polymorphism within the studied bacterial population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upendra K Kar
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kar UK, Satpathy G, Nayak N, Das BK, Panda SK. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from ophthalmic and systemic infections and of commensal origin. Indian J Med Res 2006; 124:99-104. [PMID: 16926464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Information regarding serotype distributions of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing ophthalmic infections is scanty. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility status and serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolated from various ophthalmic infections and to compare with those isolated from systemic infections and commensal nasopharyngeal flora. METHODS Thirty eight of S. pneumoniae isolates from ophthalmic infections, 9 from systemic infections and 14 from the nasopharynx of apparently healthy school children were biochemically characterized and tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to various antibiotics. Serotyping of these 61 isolates was done by a rapid co-agglutination method. RESULTS All the 61 isolates were sensitive to oxacillin (penicillin) and susceptibility against other antimicrobials was variable. No multidrug resistance was observed. The 38 ophthalmic isolates were distributed in 15 different serotypes. Most prevalent serotypes were 14, followed by 8 and 19F. The 9 systemic and 14 commensal. isolates of S. pneumoniae were distributed in 7 and 11 serotypes respectively. Three of the systemic and six of the commensal serotypes were observed in ophthalmic infections whereas four of the commensal serotypes were observed in systemic infections. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION Resistance to penicillin was not observed. In ophthalmic infections, a wide range of serotypes of S. pneumoniae were observed. More than half of the commensal serotypes obtained in the study as well as majority of the systemic serotypes were observed in ophthalmic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upendra K Kar
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Dr R. P. Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao S, Putra AS, Tan KK, Panda SK, Lee TH. Intelligent compensation of friction, ripple, and hysteresis via a regulated chatter. ISA Trans 2006; 45:419-33. [PMID: 16856637 DOI: 10.1016/s0019-0578(07)60222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid control scheme utilizing a PID feedback control with an additional regulated chatter signal is developed to compensate motion impeding influences such as the effects due to friction, force ripples, and hysteresis in linear piezoelectric motor. The regulated chatter signal is a pulse sequence superimposed on the PID control signal. It has a fixed amplitude, and a pulse width regulated via iterative learning control. As such, the scheme is expected to be useful for applications involving iterative motion sequences. An analysis of the closed-loop performance is presented in the paper. Simulation and experimental results are also furnished to demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can reduce tracking errors significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Acharya SK, Madan K, Dattagupta S, Panda SK. Viral hepatitis in India. Natl Med J India 2006; 19:203-17. [PMID: 17100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in India, which is hyperendemic for HAV and HEV. Seroprevalence studies reveal that 90%-100% of the population acquires anti-HAV antibody and becomes immune by adolescence. Many epidemics of HEV have been reported from India. HAV related liver disease is uncommon in India and occurs mainly in children. HEV is also the major cause of sporadic adult acute viral hepatitis and ALF. Pregnant women and patients with CLD constitute the high risk groups to contract HEV infection, and HEV-induced mortality among them is substantial, which underlines the need for preventive measures for such groups. Children with HAV and HEV coinfection are prone to develop ALF. India has intermediate HBV endemicity, with a carrier frequency of 2%-4%. HBV is the major cause of CLD and HCC. Chronic HBV infection in India is acquired in childhood, presumably before 5 years of age, through horizontal transmission. Vertical transmission of HBV in India is considered to be infrequent. Inclusion of HBV vaccination in the expanded programme of immunization is essential to reduce the HBV carrier frequency and disease burden. HBV genotypes A and D are prevalent in India, which are similar to the HBV genotypes in the West. HCV infection in India has a population prevalence of around 1%, and occurs predominantly through transfusion and the use of unsterile glass syringes. HCV genotypes 3 and 2 are prevalent in 60%-80% of the population and they respond well to a combination of interferon and ribavirin. About 10%-15% of CLD and HCC are associated with HCV infection in India. HCV infection is also a major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis. HDV infection is infrequent in India and is present about 5%-10% of patients with HBV-related liver disease. HCC appears to be less common in India than would be expected from the prevalence rates of HBV and HCV. The high disease burden of viral hepatitis and related CLD in India, calls for the setting up of a hepatitis registry and formulation of government-supported prevention and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Madan K, Batra Y, Gupta SD, Chander B, Rajan KDA, Tewatia MS, Panda SK, Acharya SK. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may not be a severe disease at presentation among Asian Indians. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3400-5. [PMID: 16733858 PMCID: PMC4087872 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i21.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to assess their histological severity at presentation.
METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting to the liver clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) with raised transaminases to at least 1.5 times upper limit of normal, and histologically confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were included. Patients who had significant alcohol intake or positive markers of other liver diseases or who were taking drugs known to produce fatty liver were excluded. The clinical, biochemical and histological profile of this group was studied.
RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with NAFLD formed the study population. Their median age and BMI were 34(17-58) years and 26.7(21.3-32.5) kg/m2 respectively and 46 (90.1%) were males. The majority of the patients had mild inflammation, either grade 1 [32 (63%)] or grade 2 [16 (31%)] and only 3 (6%) patients had severe (grade 3) inflammation. Twenty-three (45%), 19 (37%), 8(16%) and 1(2%) patient had stage 0, 1, 2 and 3 fibrosis respectively on index biopsy and none had cirrhosis. On univariate analysis, triglyceride levels more than 150 mg % (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 1.6-31.5, P = 0.002) and AST/ALT ratio > 1 (OR = 14.3; 95% CI: 1.4-678.5, P = 0.008) were associated with high grades of inflammation and none was associated with advanced fibrosis. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertriglyceridemia >150 mg% was the only factor independently associated with presence of high grade of inflammation (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-22.7, P = 0.02), while none was associated with advanced fibrosis. Triglyceride levels correlated positively with inflammatory grade (r = 0.412; P = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: NAFLD in North Indian patients is a disease of young over-weight males, most of whom are insulin resistant and they tend to have a mild histological disease at presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Madan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Madan K, Batra Y, Gupta DS, Chander B, Anand Rajan KD, Singh R, Panda SK, Acharya SK. Vitamin E-based therapy is effective in ameliorating transaminasemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2006; 24:251-5. [PMID: 16424622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative trials of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), vitamin E and weight management programs among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lacking. AIM To find an effective single agent or combination of agents for management of NAFLD. METHODS In this retrospective study, consecutive patient with histologically confirmed NAFLD with raised ALT were included. The patients received either weight management (exercise and therapeutic lifestyle changes [TLC] diet with a target to reduce body weight 10% in 6 months) (group I) ; weight management + UDCA (300 mg BID) (group II); or weight management + UDCA + vitamin E (400 mg OD) (group III). Outcome measure was normalization of ALT. RESULTS 42 patients (18, 12 and 12 in groups I, II and III, respectively) were included between 1996 and 2004. All patients in group III normalized their ALT levels, which was significantly higher than numbers in group I (8/18) and group II (5/12); (p=0.003). Post treatment ALT was significantly lower in group III (28.6 [9.3]) as compared to group I (59.3 [32.2]) and group II (49.0[31.8]); (p=0.01). Type of therapy received was the only factor predictive of ALT normalization. CONCLUSION Combination regimen containing vitamin E appears to be effective in normalizing ALT among NAFLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Madan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kar S, Panda SK, Satpati B, Satyam PV, Chaudhuri S. Morphology and size dependent optical properties of CdS nanostructures. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6:771-6. [PMID: 16573135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CdS nanoparticles with different sizes ranging from 2.5 nm to 300 nm and nanorods with aspect ratio -32 were synthesized by simple solvothermal process with a view to explore the effect of size and shape on the optical properties of these nanoforms. Solvent, temperature and the Cd source played important role in determining the morphologies and sizes of the nanocrystals. Comparative study of the optical properties of these nanoforms showed systematic changes in the optical absorption spectra with the reduction in particle size. Nanorods showed bulk like properties. Photoluminescence and Raman studies were carried out to explore the size and morphology dependent optical properties of the CdS nanoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Kar
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kar UK, Satapathy G, Panda SK, Das BK. Utility of random amplification of polymorphic DNA assay and BOX-A PCR in molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from various ophthalmic infections. Ophthalmic Res 2005; 38:36-43. [PMID: 16224199 DOI: 10.1159/000088922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies emphasizing the genotype distribution among ophthalmic isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are scarce. There is no conclusive information on genetic relatedness of the ophthalmic isolates with the commensal and systemic isolates of S. pneumoniae. METHODS To find out the relatedness between the ophthalmic, invasive and commensal isolates of S. pneumoniae, genotyping was carried out by using RAPD and BOX-A PCR assays. The serotyping was carried out by a rapid co-agglutination method using 12-pooled S. pneumoniae antisera. RESULTS Topological relationship was identified in order of similarity, and phylogenetic tree was drawn employing sequential clustering alogarithm by UPGMA linkage analysis. The 61 isolates were distributed in 17 RAPD types, 11 BOX-A types and 21 serotypes. CONCLUSIONS Both genotyping techniques were useful in terms of intraspecies genomic variation in S. pneumoniae. BOX-A PCR typing was found to be slightly superior to RAPD analysis in terms of reproducibility and standardization. No specific S. pneumoniae serotype or genotype was found to have special predilection to cause ophthalmic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upendra K Kar
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Medical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Panda SK, Chakrabarti S, Ganguly A, Chaudhuri S. Photoluminescence and raman study of CdS-Al2O3 nanocomposite films prepared by sol-gel techniques. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2005; 5:459-65. [PMID: 15913256 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2005.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The optical and microstructural properties of CdS-Al2O3 nanocomposite (CdS-Al2O3 = 20:80 to 50:50) thin films synthesized by sol-gel techniques were studied. Optical transmission spectra indicated a marked blue shift of the absorption edge due to quantum confinement. Band gaps of CdS-Al2O3 nanocomposites were found to vary in the range 3.69-2.61 eV. The sizes of the nanocrystals, estimated from the blue shift (0.2-1.2 eV) of the absorption edges and transmission electron microscopy, were found to vary in the range 2.8-7.0 nm. X-ray diffraction studies showed reflections from (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of CdS in the cubic phase. Microstructural characterization by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) indicated well crystallinity of the nanoparticles and lattice fringes supported the cubic phase of CdS. Raman spectroscopy was carried out for CdS-Al2O3 nanocomposites, which indicated a prominent peak at approximately 299 cm(-1). Significant changes in the peak position and intensity of the Raman peak were observed with varying the annealing temperature (373-573 K). Photoluminescence measurements indicated a prominent broad peak at approximately 1.81 eV due to the surface defects in the CdS nanocrystallites. The present study revealed Al2O3 to be a good capping material for CdS nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Panda
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Achyut Kr Haloi
- Department of Radiology, Surgery, and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Qian W, Panda SK, Xu JX. Periodic speed ripples minimization in PM synchronous motors using repetitive learning variable structure control. ISA Trans 2003; 42:605-613. [PMID: 14582884 DOI: 10.1016/s0019-0578(07)60009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple repetitive learning variable structure control (RLVSC) scheme to reduce periodic speed ripples in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). These speed ripples are induced by parasitic torque pulsations that vary periodically with rotor position. The conventional PI speed controller is able to reduce speed ripples to a certain extent but not sufficient enough for many high performance applications. During steady state, the RLVSC generates a reference compensation current that together with the outer loop PI speed controller is used to minimize the speed ripples. Being a plug-in module, the proposed RLVSC controller can be easily integrated to any of the existing PMSM drive systems. Experimental evaluation of the proposed scheme is carried out on a DSP-controlled PMSM drive platform. Test results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in reducing speed ripples by a factor of approximately 3 under various operating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Qian
- Electrical Machines & Drives Lab., Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Water borne or enterically transmitted non-A-non-B hepatitis is a major public health problem in India. Many of these cases carry fatal outcome. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been considered to be the most important causative agent of this entity. The severity and fatality rates of HEV infection are reported to be rather more in pregnant women. However, there is meager information from India, on mother to child transmission of this agent. METHODS During 1997-98, we studied 60 pregnant women suspected to have acute viral hepatitis to understand the frequency of various viral etiologies, disease course and outcome of the pregnancy. Six cord blood samples were tested for IgG, and IgM antibodies against hepatropic viral agents and also for hepatitis E virus RNA by RT-nested PCR using ORF-1 as target. RESULTS Of the 60 pregnant patients hospitalised at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi for acute hepatitis, 22 (37%) were positive for IgM anti-HEV antibodies and 10% were infected with hepatitis B virus. Co-infection of HEV with Hepatitis B and C was seen in 1 and 2 patents, respectively. Most (72%) of the HEV infected patients were in third trimester of pregnancy (P<0.05). Of the 6 cord blood samples tested 3 (50%) were positive for HEV RNA. Though, all mothers were RNA positive, half of the babies did not get infected in utero with HEV. Fourteen of the 22 (63.6%) HEV infected mothers developed fulminant hepatic failure and all died. CONCLUSION The mortality rate in HEV [corrected] infected mothers was 100%. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis E virus infection was established in 50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarman Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Etiopathogenesis of acute hepatic failure (AHF) in Eastern and Western countries is distinct. In the East hepatitis viruses cause AHF in more than 95% of such cases, while causes of AHF in the West are quite heterogenous. Hepatitis E virus is the major etiological agent of AHF in countries like India where the virus is hyperendemic. Occult HBV infection may also be causing AHF in a sizable proportion of cases in areas where chronic HBV infection frequency is high. Paracetamol causes AHF in about 70% cases in the UK and about 20% cases in USA, whereas in France and Denmark, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are more frequently associated with AHF. Hepatitis B virus causes AHF in about one-third of cases in the latter two countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|