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Dhillon K, Aizel K, Broomhall TJ, Secret E, Goodman T, Rotherham M, Telling N, Siaugue JM, Ménager C, Fresnais J, Coppey M, El Haj AJ, Gates MA. Directional control of neurite outgrowth: emerging technologies for Parkinson's disease using magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic field gradients. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220576. [PMID: 36349444 PMCID: PMC9653228 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge in current stem cell therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) is controlling neuronal outgrowth from the substantia nigra towards the targeted area where connectivity is required in the striatum. Here we present progress towards controlling directional neurite extensions through the application of iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) labelled neuronal cells combined with a magnetic array generating large spatially variant field gradients (greater than 20 T m-1). We investigated the viability of this approach in both two-dimensional and organotypic brain slice models and validated the observed changes in neurite directionality using mathematical models. Results showed that MNP-labelled cells exhibited a shift in directional neurite outgrowth when cultured in a magnetic field gradient, which broadly agreed with mathematical modelling of the magnetic force gradients and predicted MNP force direction. We translated our approach to an ex vivo rat brain slice where we observed directional neurite outgrowth of transplanted MNP-labelled cells from the substantia nigra towards the striatum. The improved directionality highlights the viability of this approach as a remote-control methodology for the control and manipulation of cellular growth for regenerative medicine applications. This study presents a new tool to overcome challenges faced in the development of new therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Dhillon
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K. Aizel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Physico Chimie, Paris, France
| | - T. J. Broomhall
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E. Secret
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T. Goodman
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - M. Rotherham
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N. Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - J. M. Siaugue
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C. Ménager
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J. Fresnais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Coppey
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Physico Chimie, Paris, France
| | - A. J. El Haj
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. A. Gates
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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Xydou A, Goodman T, Chavan R, Vagnoni M, Torreblanca H, Cavinato M. Prototype mitre bends of the ex-vessel waveguide system for the ITER upper launcher: Thermal hydraulic simulations and experiments with off-center mm-wave beams. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nichols S, Taylor C, Goodman T, Page R, Kallvikbacka-Bennett A, Nation F, Clark AL, Birkett ST, Carroll S, Ingle L. Corrigendum to Routine exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation does not increase aerobic fitness: A CARE CR study, International Journal of Cardiology, 305 (2020) 25-34. Int J Cardiol 2020; 322:294. [PMID: 32890613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nichols
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield S10 2BP, United Kingdom.
| | - C Taylor
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Don Building, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - T Goodman
- City Health Care Partnership CIC, East Riding Community Hospital, Swinemoore Lane, Beverley HU17 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - R Page
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Don Building, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - A Kallvikbacka-Bennett
- Academic Cardiology Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals, Castle Road, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Nation
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Don Building, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - A L Clark
- Academic Cardiology Castle Hill Hospital, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals, Castle Road, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom
| | - S T Birkett
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - S Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Don Building, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - L Ingle
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Don Building, University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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Nichols S, Taylor C, Goodman T, Page R, Kallvikbacka-Bennett A, Nation F, Clark A, Birkett S, Carroll S, Ingle L. Routine exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation does not increase aerobic fitness: A CARE CR study. Int J Cardiol 2020; 305:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bin W, Bruschi A, Fanale F, Francesca M, Lucca F, Albajar F, Alberti S, Carannante G, Cavinato M, Chelis I, Dell'Era F, Fasel D, Gantenbein G, Goodman T, Granucci G, Hogge JP, Ikeda R, Ioannidis Z, Legrand F, Mellera V, Minelli D, Nardone A, Pagonakis I, Rispoli N, Rzesnicki T, Sanchez F, Spinicchia N, Takahashi K, Tigelis I, Viganò F. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rispoli N, Sozzi C, Figini L, Micheletti D, Galperti C, Fontana M, Alessi E, Coda S, Garavaglia S, Goodman T, Kong M, Maraschek M, Moro A, Porte L, Sauter O, Sheikh U, Testa D. Tracking of neoclassical tearing modes in TCV using the electron cyclotron emission diagnostics in quasi-in-line configuration. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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von Finck A, Herffurth T, Duparré A, Schröder S, Lequime M, Zerrad M, Liukaityte S, Amra C, Achour S, Chalony M, Kuperman Q, Cornil Y, Bialek A, Goodman T, Greenwell C, Gur B, Brinkers S, Otter G, Vosteen A, Stover J, Vink R, Deep A, Doyle D. International round-robin experiment for angle-resolved light scattering measurement. Appl Opt 2019; 58:6638-6654. [PMID: 31503596 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An international round-robin experiment has been conducted to test procedures and methods for the measurement of angle-resolved light scattering. ASTM E2387-05 has been used as the main guide, while the experience gained should also contribute to the new ISO standard of angle-resolved scattering currently under development (ISO/WD 19986:2016). Seven laboratories from Europe and the United States measured the angle-resolved scattering from Al/SiO2-coated substrates, transparent substrates, volume diffusors, quasi-volume diffusors, white calibration standards, and grating samples at laser wavelengths in the UV, VIS, and NIR spectra. Results were sent to Fraunhofer IOF, which coordinated the experiments and analyzed the data, while ESA-ESTEC, as the project donor, defined conditions and parameters. Depending mainly on the sample type, overall good to reasonable agreements were observed, with largest deviations at scattering angles very close to the specular beam. Volume diffusor characterization unexpectedly turned out to be challenging. Not all participants provided measurement uncertainty ranges according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement; often, a single general scatterometer-related measurement uncertainty value was stated. Although relative instrument measurement uncertainties close to 1% are sometimes claimed, the comparison results did not support these claims for specular scattering samples as mirrors, substrates, or gratings.
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Baquero-Ruiz M, Alberti S, Chellaï O, Furno I, Goodman T, Manke F, Micheletti P, Plyushchev G, Skrivervik AK. Optically isolated millimeter-wave detector for the Toroidal Plasma Experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:124702. [PMID: 30599624 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and built an optically isolated millimeter-wave detection system to prevent interference from a nearby, powerful, 2.45 GHz microwave source in millimeter-wave propagation experiments in the TORoroidal Plasma EXperiment (TORPEX). A series of tests demonstrates excellent system noise immunity and the ability to observe effects that cannot be resolved in a setup using a bare Schottky diode detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baquero-Ruiz
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Alberti
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Chellaï
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Furno
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Goodman
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Manke
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Micheletti
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Plyushchev
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A K Skrivervik
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Microwaves and Antennas Group (MAG), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chellaï O, Alberti S, Baquero-Ruiz M, Furno I, Goodman T, Manke F, Plyushchev G, Guidi L, Koehn A, Maj O, Poli E, Hizanidis K, Figini L, Ricci D. Millimeter-Wave Beam Scattering by Field-Aligned Blobs in Simple Magnetized Toroidal Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:105001. [PMID: 29570337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first direct experimental measurements of the scattering of a millimeter-wave beam by plasma blobs in a simple magnetized torus are reported. The wavelength of the beam is comparable to the characteristic size of the blob. In situ Langmuir probe measurements show that fluctuations of the electron density induce correlated fluctuations of the transmitted power. A first-principles full-wave model, using conditionally sampled 2D electron density profiles, predicts fluctuations of the millimeter-wave power that are in agreement with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chellaï
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Alberti
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Baquero-Ruiz
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Furno
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Goodman
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Manke
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Plyushchev
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Guidi
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Koehn
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Maj
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Poli
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hizanidis
- National Technical University of Athens, 106 82 Athens, Greece
| | - L Figini
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - D Ricci
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20125 Milan, Italy
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Moro A, Coda S, Douai D, Farina D, Figini L, Goodman T, Isayama A, Kobayashi T, Micheletti D, Moriyama S, Platania P, Ricci D, Sozzi C. Electron cyclotron stray radiation detection and machine protection system proposal for JT-60SA. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Chellaï O, Alberti S, Furno I, Goodman T, Koehn A, Figini L, Ricci D, Hizanidis L, Papagiannis P, Tsironis C. Experimental study of high power mm-waves scattering by plasma turbulence in TCV plasmas. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715703008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pendrill LR, Emardson R, Berglund B, Gröning M, Höglund A, Cancedda A, Quinti G, Crenna F, Rossi GB, Drnovsek J, Gersak G, Goodman T, Harris S, van der Heijden G, Kallinen K, Ravaja N. Measurement with Persons: A European Network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19315775.2010.11721515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Pendrill
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Measurement Technology, Box 857 SE-50115 Borås Sweden
| | - R. Emardson
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Measurement Technology, Box 857 SE-50115 Borås Sweden
| | - B. Berglund
- Stockholm University, Department of Psychology SE-106 91, Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Gröning
- Stockholm University, Department of Psychology SE-106 91, Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Höglund
- Stockholm University, Department of Psychology SE-106 91, Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Cancedda
- Laboratory of Citizenship Science (LSC) Via Pasubio 2 - 00195, Rome Italy
| | - Gabriele Quinti
- Laboratory of Citizenship Science (LSC) Via Pasubio 2 - 00195, Rome Italy
| | - F. Crenna
- DIMEC, Dept. of Mechanics and Machine Design Via all'Opera Pia 15A, University of Genoa I – 16145, Genoa Italy
| | - G. B. Rossi
- DIMEC, Dept. of Mechanics and Machine Design Via all'Opera Pia 15A, University of Genoa I – 16145, Genoa Italy
| | - J. Drnovsek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Trzaska 25, 1000, Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - G. Gersak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Trzaska 25, 1000, Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - T. Goodman
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kindgom
| | - S. Harris
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kindgom
| | | | - K. Kallinen
- Helsinki School of Economics Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research Box 1210 FIN-00101 Helsinki Finland
| | - N. Ravaja
- Helsinki School of Economics Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research Box 1210 FIN-00101 Helsinki Finland
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Layne K, Goodman T, Ferro A, Passacquale G. Netrin-1 Levels Are Reduced In Healthy Subjects In Response to Treatment With Aspirin. Clin Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grossetti G, Aiello G, Chavan R, Geßner R, Goodman T, Heemskerk C, Meier A, Ronden D, Scherer T, Späh P, Schreck S, Strauß D, Vaccaro A, Van Oosterhout J. ITER ECH&CD Upper Launcher: Design options and Remote Handling issues of the waveguide assembly. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Macor A, de Rijk E, Alberti S, Goodman T, Ansermet JP. Note: three-dimensional stereolithography for millimeter wave and terahertz applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:046103. [PMID: 22559589 DOI: 10.1063/1.3701738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal-coated polymers shaped by 3D stereolithography are introduced as a new manufacturing method for passive components for millimeter to terahertz electromagnetic waves. This concept offers increased design capabilities and flexibilities while shortening the manufacturing process of complex shapes, e.g., corrugated horns, mirrors, etc. Tests at 92.5, 140, and 170 GHz are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macor
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Station 3, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lauret M, Felici F, Witvoet G, Goodman T, Vandersteen G, Westerhof E, Steinbuch M, Sauter O, de Baar M. A new mechanism for sawtooth period control. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123202008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Spaeh P, Aiello G, de Baar M, Chavan R, Elzendoorn B, Goodman T, Henderson M, Kleefeldt K, Landis J, Meier A, Ronden D, Saibene G, Scherer T, Schreck S, Serikov A, Strauss D, Vaccaro A. The ITER EC H&CD upper launcher: Structural design. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ronden D, de Baar M, Chavan R, Elzendoorn B, Goodman T, Heemskerk C, Henderson M, Koning J, Saibene G, Spaeh P, Strauss D. The ITER EC H&CD upper launcher: Analysis of remote handling compatibility. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Goodman T, Trouche S, Massou I, Verret L, Zerwas M, Roullet P, Rampon C. Young hippocampal neurons are critical for recent and remote spatial memory in adult mice. Neuroscience 2010; 171:769-78. [PMID: 20883747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New granule cells are continuously generated throughout adulthood in the mammalian hippocampus. These newly generated neurons become functionally integrated into existing hippocampal neuronal networks, such as those that support retrieval of remote spatial memory. Here, we sought to examine whether the contribution of newly born neurons depends on the type of learning and memory task in mice. To do so, we reduced neurogenesis with a cytostatic agent and examined whether depletion of young hippocampal neurons affects learning and/or memory in two hippocampal-dependent tasks (spatial navigation in the Morris water maze and object location test) and two hippocampal-independent tasks (cued navigation in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition). Double immunohistofluorescent labeling of the birth dating marker 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) together with NeuN, a neuron specific marker, was employed to quantify reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis. We found that depletion of young adult-generated neurons alters recent and remote memory in spatial tasks but spares non-spatial tasks. Our findings provide additional evidence that generation of new cells in the adult brain is crucial for hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Felici F, Goodman T, Sauter O, Shimozuma T, Ito S, Mizuno Y, Kubo S, Mutoh T. Real-time feedback control of millimeter-wave polarization for LHD. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:013504. [PMID: 19191434 DOI: 10.1063/1.3073735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electron cyclotron heating (ECH) is widely used in magnetic fusion devices, and the polarization of the injected millimeter-wave beams plays a crucial role in the propagation and absorption of the beam energy by the plasma. This polarization can be adjusted by grating mirror polarizers placed in the transmission lines which carry the microwaves from the power source to the plasma. In long-pulse devices such as the Large Helical Device (LHD) and ITER, it is desirable to track changes in the plasma and adjust the polarization of the ECH in real time such as to keep the absorption as high as possible and avoid shine-through which may lead to overheating of vessel components. For this purpose a real-time feedback control scheme is envisioned in which a measure of the absorption efficiency can be used to adjust the orientation of the polarizing mirrors toward an optimum. Such a setup has been tested in a low-power test stand as preparation for future implementation in the LHD ECH system. It is shown that a simple search algorithm is efficient and can in principle be used to control either the absorption efficiency or the linear polarization angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Felici
- Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Association EURATOM-Suisse, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Goodman T, Doell L, Moody B. Designing a Dynamic APIC Chapter Website: Enhancing Professional Practice and Increasing Member Participation. Am J Infect Control 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Goodman T, Teitel S. Roughness of a tilted anharmonic string at depinning. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:062105. [PMID: 15244639 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.062105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2003] [Revised: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We consider the discretized model of a driven string with an anharmonic elastic energy, in a two-dimensional random potential, as introduced by [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 187002 (2001)]]. Using finite size scaling, we numerically compute the roughness of the string in a uniform applied force at the critical depinning threshold. By considering a string with a net average tilt, we demonstrate that the anharmonic elastic energy crosses the model over to the quenched KPZ universality class, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
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Fasel D, Alberti S, Bonicelli T, Cleasen R, Goodman T, Hogge J, Perez A, Santinelli M, Sterk A, Tran M, Verhoeven T. Design study of a test stand for ITER gyrotron. Fusion Engineering and Design 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reimerdes H, Sauter O, Goodman T, Pochelon A. From current-driven to neoclassically driven tearing modes. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:105005. [PMID: 11909366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the TCV tokamak, the m/n = 2/1 island is observed in low-density discharges with central electron-cyclotron current drive. The evolution of its width has two distinct growth phases, one of which can be linked to a "conventional" tearing mode driven unstable by the current profile and the other to a neoclassical tearing mode driven by a perturbation of the bootstrap current. The TCV results provide the first clear observation of such a destabilization mechanism and reconcile the theory of conventional and neoclassical tearing modes, which differ only in the dominant driving term.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reimerdes
- Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Association EURATOM-Confédération Suisse, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiology of wilderness mortalities in a localized area with diverse terrain. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the Pima County (Arizona) Sheriff's Office (PCSO) search and rescue logs and case reports, hospital records, and autopsy reports for all wilderness deaths from 1980 to 1992. The study group comprised all victims of injury or illness in Pima County wilderness who died during a 13-year period in a location remote enough so that standard ground-based emergency medical services units could not extract the body. RESULTS One hundred fatalities occurred during the 13-year study period. There were 59 unintentional traumas, 18 suicides, 9 homicides, 12 medically related deaths, and 2 deaths of unknown causes. Toxicology tests performed on body fluids yielded positive findings for alcohol in a total of 50 (50%) cases and positive findings for drugs of abuse in 12 (12%) cases. It was estimated that alcohol was "a very probable" or "a probable" causative factor in 23 (40%) of the 59 unintentional trauma deaths, and in 1 (8.3%) of the 12 medically related deaths. Fifty-five (55%) deaths were witnessed events, with 45 (80%) of these victims reported as dying immediately or before arrival of search and rescue personnel. Ten (10%) victims received resuscitation in the field, and according to a review of hospital charts and autopsy reports, only 2 victims had a potentially survivable injury or illness. CONCLUSION Many wilderness mortalities are related to incidents involving alcohol. Once the accident or injury has occurred, the majority of deaths are immediate, or at least before the arrival of medical personnel. Higher levels of medical care would not have improved the outcomes of those who did survive long enough to receive medical care. Therefore, primary efforts to reduce mortalities in the wilderness should be directed toward prevention, especially diminishing alcohol use in wilderness areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Ching P, Birmingham M, Goodman T, Sutter R, Loevinsohn B. Childhood mortality impact and costs of integrating vitamin A supplementation into immunization campaigns. Am J Public Health 2000; 90:1526-9. [PMID: 11029982 PMCID: PMC1446365 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.10.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Country-specific activity and coverage data were used to estimate the childhood mortality impact (deaths averted) and costs of integrating vitamin A supplements into immunization campaigns conducted in 1998 and 1999. More than 94 million doses of vitamin A were administered in 41 countries in 1998, helping to avert nearly 169,000 deaths. During 1999, delivery of more than 97 million doses in 50 countries helped avert an estimated 242,000 deaths. The estimated incremental cost per death averted was US$72 (range: 36-142) in 1998 and US$64 (range: 32-126) in 1999. The estimated average total cost of providing supplementation per death averted was US$310 (range: 157-609) in 1998 and US$276 (range: 139-540) in 1999. Costs per death averted varied by campaign, depending on the number and proportion of the child population reached, number of doses received per child, and child mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ching
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Abstract
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a well-recognized disease entity in trekkers to the Nepal Himalayas. We present the case of a patient who had clinical features consistent with HAPE but did not descend the mountain on time, which contributed to his death. The important factors of the diagnosis, the descent, and the follow-up in Kathmandu are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Kaiser Permanente, Department of Emergency Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Sauter O, Henderson MA, Hofmann F, Goodman T, Alberti S, Angioni C, Appert K, Behn R, Blanchard P, Bosshard P, Chavan R, Coda S, Duval BP, Fasel D, Favre A, Furno I, Gorgerat P, Hogge J, Isoz P, Joye B, Lavanchy P, Lister JB, Llobet X, Magnin J, Mandrin P, Manini A. Steady-state fully noninductive current driven by electron cyclotron waves in a magnetically confined plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:3322-3325. [PMID: 11019080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A steady-state, fully noninductive plasma current has been sustained for the first time in a tokamak using electron cyclotron current drive only. In this discharge, 123 kA of current have been sustained for the entire gyrotron pulse duration of 2 s. Careful distribution across the plasma minor radius of the power deposited from three 0. 5-MW gyrotrons was essential for reaching steady-state conditions. With central current drive, up to 153 kA of current have been fully replaced transiently for 100 ms. The noninductive scenario is confirmed by the ability to recharge the Ohmic transformer. The dependence of the current drive efficiency on the minor radius is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sauter
- Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Association Euratom-Confederation Suisse, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Goodman T, Dalmiya N, de Benoist B, Schultink W. Polio as a platform: using national immunization days to deliver vitamin A supplements. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78:305-14. [PMID: 10812726 PMCID: PMC2560712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1988 the 41st World Health Assembly committed WHO to the goal of global eradication of poliomyelitis by 2000 "in ways which strengthen national immunization programmes and health infrastructure". The successful use of polio National Immunization Days (NIDs) to deliver vitamin A is an example of how polio eradication can serve as a platform to address other problems of child health. Importantly, this integration is helping to achieve the World Summit for Children goal of eliminating vitamin A deficiency by the year 2000. It is estimated that between 140 million and 250 million preschool children are at risk of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. In 1998 more than 60 million children at risk received vitamin A supplements during polio national immunization days (NIDs). While food fortification and dietary approaches are fundamental to combating vitamin A deficiency, the administration of vitamin A supplements during NIDs helps raise awareness, enhance technical capacity, improve assessment and establish a reporting system. Moreover, polio NIDs provide an entry point for the sustainable provision of vitamin A supplements with routine immunization services and demonstrate how immunization campaigns can be used for the delivery of other preventive health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Department of Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eisenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford 06106, USA
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Simon LS, Goodman T. Normal bone, osteoporosis and the rheumatologist. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997; 64:3S-9S. [PMID: 9273930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L S Simon
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Simon LS, Goodman T. NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Bull Rheum Dis 1995; 44:1-5. [PMID: 7767404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recommendations that can be made to decrease the incidence of untoward NSAID-induced GI events include identification of the high-risk patient (Table 3). If it is important to treat these high-risk patients with NSAIDs, either the lowest possible dose of the NSAID, an alternative non-NSAID analgesic, or the nonacetylated salicylates should be used. If that is impossible and a nonsalicylate NSAID is required in the high-risk patient, one should treat concomitantly with tolerable doses of misoprostol and prescribe that the NSAID be taken with food. If the patient is intolerant of misoprostol, H2 antagonists or omeprazole should be considered to decrease the risk of developing an NSAID-induced duodenal ulcer. If patients are not in the defined high-risk groups, given the present costs of H2 antagonists, omeprazole, and misoprostol, there seems to be little justification in treating the patient prophylactically. However, if the patient develops progressive iron-deficiency anemia or occult fecal blood loss not due to an obvious malignancy, endoscopy can be recommended to determine the cause. If there is evidence of a significant NSAID-induced gastric or duodenal ulcer, the NSAID should be stopped and the ulcer treated. If that is impossible, the NSAID dosage should be as low as possible, and the ulcer treated. If an ulcer is found, either a biopsy for H. pylori or a serum assay for the organism should be obtained. Once the ulcer is healed through appropriate therapy, and if NSAIDs are still to be used, prophylaxis with misoprostol should be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Simon
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bajt ML, Goodman T, McGuire SL. Beta 2 (CD18) mutations abolish ligand recognition by I domain integrins LFA-1 (alpha L beta 2, CD11a/CD18) and MAC-1 (alpha M beta 2, CD11b/CD18). J Biol Chem 1995; 270:94-8. [PMID: 7814426 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The "I" domains of the beta 2 (CD18) leukocyte integrins are implicated in ligand binding function. Moreover, rather than recognizing linear peptide sequences, this class of integrins generally recognizes multiple discontinuous sites on immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion receptors. A conserved cluster of oxygenated residues is involved in ligand recognition by beta 1 and beta 3 integrins. In the present study, we evaluated the role of this region in the I domain-containing beta 2 integrins. Recombinant alpha L beta 2 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18) and alpha M beta 2 (MAC-1, CD11b/CD18) were expressed on COS cells, and function was assessed by adhesion to ICAM-1 or iC3b, respectively. Alanine substitution at position Asp134 or Ser136 in beta 2 produced a complete loss in the capacity of both alpha L beta 2 and alpha M beta 2 to support cell adhesion. In contrast, substitution at Asp128 or Ser138 resulted in loss of beta 2 surface expression when co-transfected with alpha L (CD11a) or alpha M (CD11b). These data provide the first evidence for involvement of the beta 2 subunit in ligand binding to I domain integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bajt
- Upjohn Laboratories, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001
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Fu H, Goodman T, Sugaya S, Erwin JK, Mansuripur M. Retroreflecting ellipsometer for measuring the birefringence of optical disk substrates. Appl Opt 1995; 34:31-39. [PMID: 20963081 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A retroreflecting ellipsometer has been constructed for measuring the birefringence of optical disk substrates. In contrast to conventional ellipsometers with two mechanical arms, this system has only one arm along which both the incident and reflected beams travel. This construction eliminates the mechanical limitations of conventional ellipsometers, thereby permitting normal incidence on the sample. In addition, the single arm is adjustable in two dimensions, with the polar incident angle, θ(inc), varying from 0° to 70°, and the azimuthal incident angle, Φ(inc), varying from 0° to 360°. The condition of normal incidence permits accurate measurement of in-plane birefringence. The adjustability of both θ(inc) and Φ(inc) is necessary for the measurement of possible tilts of the index ellipsoid, and also for the variation of birefringence through the substrate thickness. Measurement results showing the useful features of the equipment are presented. The optics of the hemispherical assembly used for retroreflection as well as for the elimination of undesirable refractions are also studied by use of the ZEMAX lens design program.
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Goodman T. Transcultural nursing. A personal and professional challenge. Nurs Clin North Am 1994; 29:809-15. [PMID: 7991412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The traveling nurse is a guest in the host country. It is wise to remember that we represent our country and our culture--we are the only Americans many of the locals have even seen. Be sure that foreigners see in us the very best example of American citizens. After work, there is often opportunity to spend time with the local people. They are usually extremely hospitable and anxious to share their culture. A nurse who can get involved with the local people has the chance to learn so much--different values, priorities, and customs. The culture may be rich in history and folklore. Their approach to health care can be fascinating--very different from our own, yet effective in many ways. There are often highly skilled craftsmen among the people are, producing wonderfully sophisticated things from nearly nothing. It is a source of real joy to bring back treasures from a culture one has come to know. In addition to the opportunity for clinical growth and the refinement of team skills, foreign travel provides an opportunity to grow personally. Adapting to new and more primitive surroundings requires patience and understanding. Interacting with people of a different culture also gives one the opportunity to evaluate ones own beliefs and attitudes. Sometimes it is surprising to realize that we are more snobbish or prejudiced than we believed; that revelation can be an opportunity for growth and change and a new source of pride in our country, our profession, and ourselves.
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Goodman T. Role of early fluid resuscitation in pediatric shock. Ann Emerg Med 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)80191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Department of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001
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Goodman T, Merrick M. Casecart systems: integrated and computerized. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1991; 22:64I-64K, 64N-64P. [PMID: 1956651 DOI: 10.1097/00006247-199111000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lefrancois L, LeCorre R, Mayo J, Bluestone JA, Goodman T. Selection of V delta+ T cell receptors of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes is dependent on class II histocompatibility antigen expression. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 173:255-67. [PMID: 1833152 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-76492-9_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lefrancois
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001
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Lefrancois L, LeCorre R, Mayo J, Bluestone JA, Goodman T. Extrathymic selection of TCR gamma delta + T cells by class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. Cell 1990; 63:333-40. [PMID: 2208290 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90166-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of MHC antigens on TCR gamma delta usage in CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) was examined using a pan-reactive and V delta 4 region-specific MAb. While an average of 30% of IELs from the majority of mice of various MHC haplotypes were V delta 4+, a 2-fold or greater percentage of IELs from H-2k mice were V delta 4+. Analysis of IELs from F1 mice indicated that the increase in TCRs using V delta 4 was likely to be the result of positive selection. The V delta 4 usage patterns of IELs from recombinant inbred strains and from mice recombinant within H-2 revealed that the increase in V delta 4 usage mapped to H-2 and required I-E expression. Moreover, selection of TCRs using V delta 4 occurred in chimeric mice in the absence of a thymus. The results demonstrate an extrathymic selective mechanism for gamma delta TCRs of CD8+ IELs and suggest that these cells may exhibit MHC class II-restricted antigen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lefrancois
- Department of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Polly Ryon Memorial Hospital, Richmond, Tex
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Abstract
The function and structure of the TCR proteins of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were examined using a panel of mAbs specific for TCR-gamma/delta. Three subsets of TCR-gamma/delta+ IEL could be detected with five mAbs, termed GL1-GL5. The mAbs were able to trigger lysis via crosslinking of the IEL TCR and all of the subsets were constitutively cytolytic. Immunoprecipitation of IEL TCR proteins revealed that the GL2 mAb reacted only with gamma, delta heterodimers containing high Mr delta chains, while the other mAbs precipitated all of the observed gamma and delta proteins. Two-color fluorescence analysis showed that the GL2+ subset was contained within the larger GL1+ subset. The GL3 and GL4 mAbs appear to be specific for all TCR-gamma/delta while GL2 was V delta 4 specific. Analysis of IEL for TCR-alpha/beta expression demonstrated that approximately 20% of B6 IEL were TCR-alpha/beta+. Interestingly, this population of IEL contained Thy-1- and CT1+ cells, indicating that the unique phenotype of IEL was not restricted to TCR-gamma/delta+ cells. Moreover, the TCR-alpha/beta+ IEL were also constitutively cytolytic, suggesting that the intestinal milieu was controlling the functional programming of IEL regardless of TCR type. The mAbs reported here as well as the ability to exploit the distinct phenotype of IEL should prove useful in determining the function of IEL and the TCR-gamma/delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goodman
- Department of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001
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Abstract
T lymphocytes are found not only as recirculating cells in the lymphoid system, but also as immobile cells in certain epithelia. T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) of both alpha/beta and gamma/delta-heterodimer subtypes can exhibit an extremely high degree of diversity. The diversity of alpha/beta TCRs derives from the use of a large number of variable (V) gene segments, as well as junctional diversity generated during rearrangement of these segments, whereas the diversity of gamma/delta TCRs derives largely from junctional elements, with a smaller contribution from a limited number of V gene segments. Many T cells in the epidermal and intestinal epithelia of mice express TCR composed of gamma/delta heterodimers. We demonstrate here that gamma/delta TCRs of T cells in both these tissues are restricted in V gene usage, with different elements predominating. The TCR junctional diversity of epidermal T cells, however, is extremely limited, whereas that of intestinal T cells is extremely diverse. The distinctive features of these two populations suggest that they develop or are selected differently for particular tissue-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Asarnow
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Magliozzi JR, Gietzen D, Maddock RJ, Haack D, Doran AR, Goodman T, Weiler PG. Lymphocyte beta-adrenoreceptor density in patients with unipolar depression and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 26:15-25. [PMID: 2541807 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Values of binding maximum (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) of (-)3-[125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) were determined in beta-adrenergic receptors of membranes of peripheral lymphocytes in 32 patients with unipolar depression (DSM-III-R) and 31 normal controls. Results were analyzed by a two-way Analysis of Covariance method. A significant difference was noted for group assignment (patient versus control, p less than 0.05). Mean Bmax (fmol ICYP bound/mg lymphocyte membrane fraction total protein) of patients was 31.9 +/- 3.84 (SE) and controls 46.3 +/- 3.92 (SE). A significant interaction was found between group membership and gender (p less than 0.05). In the female patient group (n = 14), mean Bmax was 30.5 +/- 5.79 (SE); in female controls, mean Bmax was 56.0 +/- 5.15 (SE). Differences between male patients and male controls were not significant. Mean values of Kd (pmol/liter) showed a trend for patient values to be lower than control values [69.0 +/- 13.66 (SE) versus 108.5 +/- 14.42 (SE), respectively]. A significant inverse relationship was noted between lymphocyte beta-receptor Bmax and frequency of panic attacks during the depressive episode in 18 patients (p = 0.05). No relationship was found between values of Kd and frequency of panic attacks in these patients. Thus, preliminary evidence is provided for relationships among altered beta-adrenergic receptor binding, gender, and indices of panic-anxiety in unipolar depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Magliozzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817
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Abstract
Although the functional aspects of the alpha beta T cell antigen receptor (TCR) found on most peripheral T cells are well described, the function of the gamma delta TCR remains unclear. Murine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of the small intestine are CD8+, express the gamma delta TCR, and are constitutively lytic. Fresh IEL from germ-free mice had no lytic activity. Moreover, whereas IEL from normal mice are 30 to 50 percent Thy-1+, IEL from germ-free did not express Thy-1. Acclimation of germ-free mice to nonsterile conditions resulted in the generation of Thy-1+ IEL and induction of lytic activity. Thus CD8+ TCR-gamma delta IEL were regulated by externally derived stimuli via a specific functional interaction between IEL and gut-associated antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- CD8 Antigens
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epithelial Cells
- Germ-Free Life
- Immunosorbent Techniques
- Intestine, Small/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thy-1 Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lefrancois
- Department of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001
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Gietzen DW, Fregeau D, Goodman T, Weiler PG, Graf K, Magliozzi J. Lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor/effector complex in aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1989; 3:132-42. [PMID: 2551349 DOI: 10.1097/00002093-198903030-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined density (Bmax), affinity (Kd), and norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation of the beta-adrenergic receptor on lymphocytes in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT, n = 13), in normal aged controls (AGED, n = 27), and in young controls (YOUNG, n = 21). Bmax (fmol/mg protein; mean +/- SD) was significantly lower in YOUNG (48.0 +/- 18.7) than in either AGED (64.8 +/- 22.3) or DAT (63.6 +/- 19.5, p less than 0.05). Receptor sensitivity, i.e., the fold increase of stimulated over basal cAMP generation (S/B), was higher in DAT (8.3 +/- 5.2) than in AGED (5.5 +/- 2.3) or YOUNG (5.4 +/- 2.6, p less than 0.07). This difference was due to a significant increase in S/B in female but not male DAT patients compared with AGED (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in levels of circulating NE between DAT and AGED, nor between sexes. Thus, the present data suggest that in this model of the postsynaptic beta-adrenergic receptor/effector complex, receptor sensitivity was increased in women with DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Gietzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis 95616
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Goodman T, White S. Microvascular reconstruction. Nursing management. AORN J 1988; 48:666-9, 672-6. [PMID: 3190208 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(07)69123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Goodman T, Thomas C. Mandibular reconstruction. An example of microvascular bone grafting. AORN J 1988; 48:678-81, 684-7, 690. [PMID: 3056261 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(07)69124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Elkins S, Goodman T. Recognition for professional excellence. Plast Surg Nurs 1988; 8:56-7. [PMID: 2457225 DOI: 10.1097/00006527-198800820-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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