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Barnard AL, Igakura T, Tanaka Y, Taylor GP, Bangham CRM. Engagement of specific T-cell surface molecules regulates cytoskeletal polarization in HTLV-1–infected lymphocytes. Blood 2005; 106:988-95. [PMID: 15831709 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cell-cell contact is required for efficient transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). An HTLV-1–infected cell polarizes its microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) toward the cell-cell junction; HTLV-1 core (Gag) complexes and the HTLV-1 genome accumulate at the point of contact and are then transferred to the uninfected cell. However, the mechanisms involved in this cytoskeletal polarization and transport of HTLV-1 complexes are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that engagement of a specific T-cell surface ligand is synergistic with HTLV-1 infection in causing polarization of the MTOC to the cell contact region. We show that antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) caused MTOC polarization at a higher frequency in HTLV-1–infected cells. ICAM-1 is upregulated on HTLV-1–infected cells, and, in turn, ICAM-1 on the cell surface upregulates HTLV-1 gene expression. We propose that a positive feedback loop involving ICAM-1 and HTLV-1 Tax protein facilitates the formation of the virologic synapse and contributes to the T-cell tropism of HTLV-1. In contrast, MTOC polarization induced in T cells by antibodies to CD3 or CD28 was significantly inhibited by HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Barnard
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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2
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Goon PKC, Biancardi A, Fast N, Igakura T, Hanon E, Mosley AJ, Asquith B, Gould KG, Marshall S, Taylor GP, Bangham CRM. Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type-1-specific CD8+ T cells: frequency and immunodominance hierarchy. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:2294-8. [PMID: 15181578 DOI: 10.1086/420832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). We used interferon- gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays with overlapping peptides spanning the entire HTLV-1 proteome to test whether the HTLV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells differed significantly in frequency or immunodominance hierarchy between patients with HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers and whether the frequency correlated with provirus load. Tax was the immunodominant target antigen. There was no significant qualitative or quantitative difference in the HTLV-1-specific CD8(+) T cell response between the 2 groups. Virus-specific CD8(+) T cell frequency alone does not indicate the effectiveness of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in controlling provirus load at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K C Goon
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Goon PKC, Igakura T, Hanon E, Mosley AJ, Barfield A, Barnard AL, Kaftantzi L, Tanaka Y, Taylor GP, Weber JN, Bangham CRM. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-specific CD4+ T cells: immunodominance hierarchy and preferential infection with HTLV-I. J Immunol 2004; 172:1735-43. [PMID: 14734756 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.3.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells predominate in early lesions in the CNS in the inflammatory disease human lymphotropic T cell virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), but the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear and the HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cell response has been little studied. We quantified the IFN-gamma-producing HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cells, in patients with HAM/TSP and in asymptomatic carriers with high proviral load, to test two hypotheses: that HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers with a similar proviral load differ in the immunodominance hierarchy or the total frequency of specific CD4(+) T cells, and that HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cells are preferentially infected with HTLV-I. The strongest CD4(+) T cell response in both HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers was specific to Env. This contrasts with the immunodominance of Tax in the HTLV-I-specific CD8(+) T cell response. The median frequency of HTLV-I-specific IFN-gamma(+) CD4(+) T cells was 25-fold greater in patients with HAM/TSP (p = 0.0023, Mann-Whitney) than in asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers with a similar proviral load. Furthermore, the frequency of CD4(+) T cells infected with HTLV-I (expressing Tax protein) was significantly greater (p = 0.0152, Mann-Whitney) among HTLV-I-specific cells than CMV-specific cells. These data were confirmed by quantitative PCR for HTLV-I DNA. We conclude that the high frequency of specific CD4(+) T cells was associated with the disease HAM/TSP, and did not simply reflect the higher proviral load that is usually found in HAM/TSP patients. Finally, we conclude that HTLV-I-specific CD4(+) T cells are preferentially infected with HTLV-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K C Goon
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Davis DM, Igakura T, McCann FE, Carlin LM, Andersson K, Vanherberghen B, Sjöström A, Bangham CRM, Höglund P. The protean immune cell synapse: a supramolecular structure with many functions. Semin Immunol 2003; 15:317-24. [PMID: 15001170 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2003.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the supramolecular organization of immunological synapses arises from the involvement of different cells, distinct environmental stimuli, and varying levels of protein expression. There may also be heterogeneity in the types and amounts of cell surface proteins and lipids that transfer between lymphocytes during immune surveillance. In addition, immune cells can be involved in the assembly of a 'viral synapse', such that micrometer-scale organization of proteins at intercellular contacts occurs during transmission of a virus between T cells. Thus, while there may be unity in molecular mechanisms underlying the organization of cell surface receptors at immune cell synapses, there is diversity in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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5
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Goon PKC, Igakura T, Hanon E, Mosley AJ, Asquith B, Gould KG, Taylor GP, Weber JN, Bangham CRM. High circulating frequencies of tumor necrosis factor alpha- and interleukin-2-secreting human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with HTLV-1-associated neurological disease. J Virol 2003; 77:9716-22. [PMID: 12915584 PMCID: PMC187419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9716-9722.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2003] [Accepted: 06/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Significantly higher frequencies of tumor necrosis factor alpha- and interleukin-2-secreting human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-specific CD4(+) T cells were present in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients than in those of asymptomatic carriers with similar provirus loads. The data suggest that HTLV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K C Goon
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Igakura T, Stinchcombe JC, Goon PKC, Taylor GP, Weber JN, Griffiths GM, Tanaka Y, Osame M, Bangham CRM. Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton. Science 2003; 299:1713-6. [PMID: 12589003 DOI: 10.1126/science.1080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cell contact is required for efficient transmission of human T cell leukemia virus- type 1 (HTLV-I) between cells and between individuals, because naturally infected lymphocytes produce virtually no cell-free infectious HTLV-I particles. However, the mechanism of cell-to-cell spread of HTLV-I is not understood. We show here that cell contact rapidly induces polarization of the cytoskeleton of the infected cell to the cell-cell junction. HTLV-I core (Gag protein) complexes and the HTLV-I genome accumulate at the cell-cell junction and are then transferred to the uninfected cell. Other lymphotropic viruses, such as HIV-1, may similarly subvert normal T cell physiology to allow efficient propagation between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Igakura
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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7
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Goon PKC, Hanon E, Igakura T, Tanaka Y, Weber JN, Taylor GP, Bangham CRM. High frequencies of Th1-type CD4(+) T cells specific to HTLV-1 Env and Tax proteins in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Blood 2002; 99:3335-41. [PMID: 11964301 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.9.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are critical for inducing and maintaining efficient humoral and cellular immune responses to pathogens. The CD4(+) T-cell response in human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection has not been studied in detail. However, CD4(+) T cells have been shown to predominate in early lesions in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). We present direct estimates of HTLV-1 Env- and Tax-specific CD4(+) T-cell frequencies in patients infected with HTLV-1. We first showed that there was a strong bias toward the Th1 phenotype in these HTLV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells in patients with HAM/TSP. We then demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of HTLV-1-specific Th1-type CD4(+) T cells in HAM/TSP patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. The majority of these HTLV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells did not express HTLV-1 Tax and were therefore unlikely to be infected by HTLV-1. High frequencies of activated HTLV-1-specific CD4(+) T cells of the Th1 phenotype might contribute to the initiation or pathogenesis of HAM/TSP and other HTLV-1-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K C Goon
- Department of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Nakamura E, Kadomatsu K, Yuasa S, Muramatsu H, Mamiya T, Nabeshima T, Fan QW, Ishiguro K, Igakura T, Matsubara S, Kaname T, Horiba M, Saito H, Muramatsu T. Disruption of the midkine gene (Mdk) resulted in altered expression of a calcium binding protein in the hippocampus of infant mice and their abnormal behaviour. Genes Cells 2002; 3:811-22. [PMID: 10096022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine (MK) is a growth factor implicated in the development and repair of various tissues, especially neural tissues. However, its in vivo function has not been clarified. RESULTS Knockout mice lacking the MK gene (Mdk) showed no gross abnormalities. We closely analysed postnatal brain development in Mdk(-/-) mice using calcium binding proteins as markers to distinguish neuronal subpopulations. Intense and prolonged calretinin expression was found in the dentate gyrus granule cell layer of the hippocampus of infant Mdk(-/-) mice. In infant Mdk(+/+) mice, calretinin expression in the granule cell layer was weaker, and had disappeared by 4 weeks after birth, when calretinin expression still persisted in Mdk(-/-) mice. Furthermore, 4 weeks after birth, Mdk(-/-) mice showed a deficit in their working memory, as revealed by a Y-maze test, and had an increased anxiety, as demonstrated by the elevated plus-maze test. CONCLUSION Midkine plays an important role in the regulation of postnatal development of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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9
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Igakura T, Kadomatsu K, Kaname T, Muramatsu H, Fan QW, Miyauchi T, Toyama Y, Kuno N, Yuasa S, Takahashi M, Senda T, Taguchi O, Yamamura K, Arimura K, Muramatsu T. A null mutation in basigin, an immunoglobulin superfamily member, indicates its important roles in peri-implantation development and spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 1998; 194:152-65. [PMID: 9501026 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Basigin is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein with two immunoglobulin-like domains. We generated mutant mice lacking the basigin gene (Bsg) by gene targeting. Bsg (-/-) embryos developed normally during preimplantation stages. However, the majority of Bsg (-/-) embryos died around the time of implantation. At this time, basigin mRNA was strongly expressed in the trophectoderm, embryo proper, and uterine endometrium of Bsg (+/+) mice. These results suggest that basigin is involved in intercellular recognition during implantation. Embryos which survived the critical period yielded Bsg (-/-) mutant mice. Half of the mutant mice died before 1 month after birth, due to interstitial pneumonia. The surviving adult mutant mice were small and sterile. Spermatogenesis was arrested in the mutant mice. Most of the spermatocytes in the Bsg (-/-) mouse were arrested and degenerated at the metaphase of the first meiosis, and only a small number differentiated to step 1 spermatids. In the female mutants, the ovaries and genital tract were morphologically normal, and the defect was probably in the capability of implantation of the uterus. In conclusion, basigin is an important cell-surface molecule involved in early embryogenesis and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Igakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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10
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Naruhashi K, Kadomatsu K, Igakura T, Fan QW, Kuno N, Muramatsu H, Miyauchi T, Hasegawa T, Itoh A, Muramatsu T, Nabeshima T. Abnormalities of sensory and memory functions in mice lacking Bsg gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 236:733-7. [PMID: 9245724 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Basigin is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. We used mutant mice lacking the basigin gene (Bsg) to investigate its involvement in learning and memory. Mutations were generated by the gene targeting method. Various kinds of learning and memory tasks were performed in mutant, hetero and wild type mice. The mutant mice showed worse performance than the wild and hetero mice in the Y-maze task, which assesses short-term memory, and in the water finding task, which examines latent learning, without any motor dysfunction. Moreover, the mutant mice showed less acclimation in the habituation task compared with the wild-type mice. The mutant mice were also more sensitive to electric foot-shock. These findings are consistent with the expression profile of basigin in the central nervous system. Thus, basigin may play an important role in learning and memory as well as in the sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Naruhashi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Japan
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11
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Igakura T, Kadomatsu K, Taguchi O, Muramatsu H, Kaname T, Miyauchi T, Yamamura K, Arimura K, Muramatsu T. Roles of basigin, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, in behavior as to an irritating odor, lymphocyte response, and blood-brain barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 224:33-6. [PMID: 8694829 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Basigin is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Using the knockout mouse lacking the basigin gene (Bsg), we analyzed the function of basigin in adult mice lacking the gene [Bsg (-1-)]. Although histochemical studies on the localization of basigin (also called HT7 and neurothelin) strongly indicated that it is involved in the function of the blood-brain barrier, basigin knockout mice showed only a little difference, if any, to wild-type mice in the function of the blood brain-barrier. The mitogenic response of lymphocytes upon mixed lymphocyte reaction was greater in Bsg (-1-) mice. Finally, Bsg (-1-) mice repeatedly visited filter paper impregnated with acetic acid or isozine, indicating an abnormality in either reception of the odor or behavior as to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Igakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Basigin is a membrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The mouse basigin gene was isolated from a genomic DNA library of the BALB/c mouse, and the structure of the gene and its flanking region (11.8 kb) was completely determined. The mouse basigin gene consists of seven exons and six introns spanning 7.5 kb. The distance between the first and second exons is 5.1 kb. The first immunoglobulin-like domain of the basigin molecule is encoded by the second and third exons, and the second immunoglobulin-like domain by the fourth and fifth exons. The fifth exon encodes not only the C proximal portion of the second immunoglobulin-like domain, but also the transmembrane domain and a small portion of the cytoplasmic domain. Thus, the organization of the basigin gene is unique. The 5' upstream sequence of the basigin gene contains no TATA box or CAAT box, but has a CpG-rich island. The BALB/c genomic sequence of all seven exons is consistent with the cDNA sequences of the 129/SV and Swiss mice except several minor substitutions in the 3'-terminal sequence of the 3'-noncoding region. No protein polymorphism has so far been found in basigin of different mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyauchi
- Japan Immunoreasearch Laboratories, Gunma
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13
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Kuriyama M, Sakoda S, Takahashi K, Yamano T, Hokedu Y, Sasaki J, Igakura T, Osame M. Serum apolipoproteins in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Atherosclerosis 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)94046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kuriyama M, Takahashi K, Yamano T, Hokezu Y, Togo S, Osame M, Igakura T. Low levels of serum apolipoprotein A I and A II in senile dementia. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 1994; 48:589-93. [PMID: 7891423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1994.tb03019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in 44 patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's dementia and 43 patients with vascular dementia. The levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were lower in both patient groups than in a control group. Apolipoprotein A I and A II levels have decreased in both the patient groups, especially in the vascular dementia group. The HDL-cholesterol levels correlated positively with the level of apolipoprotein A I, but not with the level of apolipoprotein A II. The ratios of apolipoprotein A I/A II have increased in both the patient groups. The apolipoprotein A II levels have disproportionally decreased in the patient groups. The serum apolipoprotein A II may involve the pathological process in the patients with senile dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuriyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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15
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Igakura T, Kawahigashi Y, Kanazawa H, Nakagawa M, Osame M. HTLV-I and Behçet's disease. J Rheumatol 1993; 20:2175-6. [PMID: 8014960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Kanazawa H, Ijichi S, Eiraku N, Igakura T, Higuchi I, Nakagawa M, Kuriyama M, Tanaka S, Osame M. Behçet's disease and Sjögren syndrome in a patient with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. J Neurol Sci 1993; 119:121-2. [PMID: 8246006 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(93)90200-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Kuriyama M, Hokezu Y, Togo S, Nagata K, Takahashi K, Igakura T, Osame M. [Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in patients with senile dementia]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1992; 29:559-64. [PMID: 1434052 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.29.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and sterol profiles were studied in 22 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 29 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in both patients groups of SDAT and VD than in control group. Apolipoprotein AI and AII are two major proteins in HDL. In this study, apolipoprotein AI levels were normal, but apolipoprotein AII levels were lower in the patient groups, especially in the VD group, than in the control group. Lipoprotein(a) levels were higher in both patient groups, especially in the VD group. There were no differences of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol), and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) among the three groups. Murine apolipoprotein AII is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid protein, and the apolipoprotein AII variant with proline-->glutamine substitution at position 5 in the serum of accelerated senescence-prone mice is identical to the murine senile amyloid fibril protein from amyloid-deposited tissues of these mice. In human SDAT and VD, the reason for the low level of apolipoprotein AII remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuriyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine
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18
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Narabayashi H, Yokochi F, Ogawa T, Igakura T. [Analysis of L-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine effect on motor and psychological symptoms in Parkinson's disease]. No To Shinkei 1991; 43:263-8. [PMID: 1907469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of motor and psychological symptoms by L-DOPS (L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine) in totally 20 cases with Parkinson's disease (PD), including 5 cases of juvenile or early onset parkinsonism (JP) and one case of pure akinesia was analysed. Improvement was obtained in about two thirds of the cases on symptoms of freezing in gait, difficulty of postural control, depressive mood and bradyphrenia. Severity of freezing in gait and that of the depressive mood were graded in five stage (from 0 to 4) scale and the improvement was evaluated by A (three stage improvement), B (two stage improvement), C (one stage improvement) and D (no change or worsened). Improvement of psychological symptoms was seen parallel to that of motor symptoms. It seems important that marked effect on both motor and psychological symptoms was obtained mostly in PD cases but not in the cases of JP. In MMPI test, depressive score (D) and hypochondriac score (Hs) were normalized in PD cases but not changed in JP, indicating differences in psychological traits between two groups. It was suggested that JP is a condition of mainly DA deficiency in nigro striatum but PD presents wider spectrum of symptoms covering both DA and NE deficiency. Importance of the role of aging of the brain in each individual patient is discussed and interpreted in relation to the difference of clinical pictures.
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Awa H, Kobayashi E, Ohyama M, Asakura T, Igakura T. [A new aneurysm formation of the anterior communicating artery after clipping--case report (author's transl)]. No Shinkei Geka 1978; 6:997-1003. [PMID: 724063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Hamada H, Kadota K, Uetsuhara K, Asakura T, Igakura T. [Extracalvarial meningioma--a case report (author's transl)]. No Shinkei Geka 1977; 5:633-9. [PMID: 917234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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